CN101563989A - Method for grafting walnut seedling - Google Patents
Method for grafting walnut seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN101563989A CN101563989A CNA2009100622884A CN200910062288A CN101563989A CN 101563989 A CN101563989 A CN 101563989A CN A2009100622884 A CNA2009100622884 A CN A2009100622884A CN 200910062288 A CN200910062288 A CN 200910062288A CN 101563989 A CN101563989 A CN 101563989A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for grafting the walnut seedling. The grafting of seedling adopts a bud-bark grafting; a bud 20 cm far away from the ground on the tree stock of the seedling is selected as a grafting position; above the grafted bud, 2 or 3 leaves are retained and snipped; below the grafted bud, all leaves are removed; both sides of the bud at the grafting position on the tree stock of the seedling are longitudinally cut once respectively and the cuttings are deep enough to reach the woodbase; the positions with 0.5 cm above and below the bud are transversely cut once respectively; the transverse incisions are inside the longitudinal incisions and deep enough to reach the woodbase; the bud on the tree stock is then taken; a plump bud on a scion is selected as a scion bud; both sides of the scion bud are longitudinally cut once respectively and the cuttings are deep enough to each the woodbase and take down the scion bud with a growing point; the scion bud is aligned with the bud on the tree stock and the bark of the scion bud is stuck to the woodbase of the tree stock; and a plastic strip is used for binding the scion bud from top to bottom and the bud is exposed all the time, thereby finishing the grafting. With the method for grafting the walnut seedling provided by the invention, the survival rate of the grafted seedling is high and the quality of the nursery stock is good. In addition, the method is simple and convenient to operate, has high reproduction speed and low cost and short seedling culture period and saves labor and materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant grafting method, be specifically related to a kind of method of grafting walnut seedling.
Background technology
Walnut grafting is the maximum technical problem of difficulty in the walnut grafting seedling cultivating process, and the walnut grafting propagation technique never obtains desirable solution, and survival rate is low and unstable.The main achievement of research has stiff wood grafting, sub-seedling grafting, little grafting at present, and these three kinds of methods all belong to grafting.Field grafting has nursery scion grafting and two kinds of methods of outdoor bud grafting.
Stiff wood grafting originates from early seventies, and Shandong Fruit-tree Inst., Liaoning Province economic forest are studied unit such as Beijing's forestry fruit tree research institute in one's power on the basis of using for reference external experience, carry out the grafting test and succeed.Promptly utilize the greenhouse to add Artificial Control grafting environment such as electric heating hotbed, the artificial condition of creating suitable callus formation makes the healing of grafting mouth fast, and avoids the influence of bleeding, and graft survival rate is higher.Indoor stiff wood grafting adopts tongue grafting more, and rootstock seedling digs out standby before freezing, and scion is gathered before fallen leaves and is housed in the wet sand.The anvil fringe wakened 2-3 days under 26-30 ℃ of condition in 10-15 days before the grafting, anvil fringe rugosity should be approaching, and bevel requires level and smooth, and long 3-4cm, anvil fringe will peg graft closely, are placed on temperature 26-30 ℃ after tying, and heal in the wet saw end of humidity 55%-60%.After healing in 15-20 days, place the environment about 5 ℃ to preserve again, treat the 4-5 month in spring to be transplanted to outdoor land for growing field crops.Indoor healing rate can reach 95%, and transplanting success is more than 80%.Indoor hard scion grafting need be built greenhouse and hotbed, and is time-consuming, the cost height, and planting percent is lower, and this technology is promoted difficulty in actual production.
Sub-seedling grafting is proposed in the fifties by U.S. More (Moore), and 1978-1982 Shandong agricultural college beam Yutang etc. are at first quoted success of the test.Stock is controlled moisture seedling stage with the planting seed of vernalization, carries out " restraining the growth of seedlings " with overstriking root axle.Scion from improved seeds maternal plant or cutting orchard collection thin and enrich, developmental branch that medulla is little, the grafting of employing cleft graft.In recent years in Hebei, all there is production test on ground such as Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi.Sub-seedling tannin of walnut and bleeding are few, and callus forms easily, and graft survival rate can reach about 80%, and seedling quality is good, compare with other grafting method, and growing-seedling period shortens 1-2a, and cost reduces by 45%, is more suitable for factorial seedling growth.But need set up thermostatic constant wet chamber, technical strong, operability is low, and general walnut grower is difficult for accepting.
Little grafting is that the material (little branch) with tissue culture propagating be scion, and grafting is healed under the condition that suits on the sub-seedling anvil of walnut then, is transplanted to the field after surviving, and graft survival rate can reach 80%, and the field storage rate can reach more than 90%.This technical costs is low, becomes seedling fast, but because the difficult grasp of the tissue culture technology of walnut, equipment investment is big, produces at present and does not still have application.
The nursery scion grafting originates from the eighties, spring stock behind skin, adopt the tongue grafting grafting, the 3a average survival reaches more than 90%.After new plant growth regulator immersion scion, sealing scion top in the sealing wax that contains 10% auxiliary agent, survival rate reaches more than 80%.Adopt green branch grafting, survival rate is more than 70%.Scion after the scion grafting of nursery earns a bare living with the nutrient that consumes itself, so note the problem of preserving moisture before the healing and the control of bleeding after the grafting, main heat preserving method commonly used has: 1. plastic strip is tightly wrapped up interface, then the sleeving plastic bag: the scion of 2. sealing with wax, tightly wrap up interface; 3. interface, scion cover wet soil, overcoat plastic sack.The control method of stock bleeding is that grafting was cut anvil in preceding 5-7 days, discharged water in advance, also had bleeding during as if grafting, again the stock base portion was carved to hinder to discharge water.The ground scion grafting of outdoor garden is directly in the field grafting, and stock is motionless, and growth is vigorous behind the grafting survival, general planting percent height, work efficiency improves 3-5 doubly than grafting, but time-consuming, be subjected to extraneous natural environmental condition (as temperature, rainfall etc.) influence bigger simultaneously, the survival rate instability.
Outdoor bud grafting originates from the nineties, adopts recessed bud grafting when stock and scion half are wooden, and survival rate is more than 95%.Adopt square to bud grafting, survival rate is more than 80%.Adopt the square bud grafting, survival rate 85.2%.Mid or late June adopts the square bud take to reach 82.1%.These method growing-seedling periods are long, all are graftings on the stock of growth more than 1 year, the survival rate instability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of growing-seedling period short, survival rate height, grafting walnut seedling method simple to operate.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method of grafting walnut seedling, the seedling grafting is adopted the bud lagging is connect, is grafting part in choosing on the seedling stock apart from a near bud the 20cm of ground, and 2～3 leaves of the above reservation of interface bud are cut off, and the following blade of interface bud is all removed; In each the vertical partial application of the both sides of seedling stock grafting position bud, reach xylem deeply, long 3～4cm, then at the bud upper and lower apart from each the horizontal partial application of bud 0.5cm place, transverse incision reaches xylem deeply in the longitudinal incision the inside, and the stock bud is taken off; Select full bud in the scion for buddering then,, reach xylem deeply, long 3～4cm in each the vertical partial application of both sides of buddering, take off and budder, have growing point, the aligning stock bud grafting bud skin of will buddering is adjacent to the stock xylem, tie from top to bottom with plastic strip and to budder, keep bud to expose, finish grafting.
The seedling grafting is to carry out grafting on the seedling of being unearthed then, and grafting was pinched short strong in preceding 15 days, growing point is expanded leave bigger growth nest, and weeding is topdressed once before the grafting.The seedling grafting was carried out in June.The seedling grafting is finished under 25 ℃ of-30 ℃ of temperature.The seedling grafting is finished under the humidity of 55-65%.
The method of grafting walnut seedling provided by the invention utilizes the walnut seedling growth phase to carry out grafting, and this, cell was the most active in period, and the organization healing ability is the strongest, and grafting is effective; The optimum temperature that has provided the walnut seedling grafting in the technical scheme is that optimum humidity is 55-65% between 25 ℃-30 ℃, and this temperature and temperature are the best temp. and humidity of seedling growth, also is the Cui temp. and humidity of cell division growth, helps organization healing most; Select carry out the grafting operation June, make full use of humidity the best in June, rainy weather is few, and fine day is many, and rainwater is even, helps grafting survival; Carry out walnut grafting by this method, the seedling percent height is up to 98.1%, average out to 80.3%; The seedling grafting overcome outdoor bud grafting and cut the left wound of anvil, avoided trunk to rot and the generation of insect pest; The seedling grafting is easy and simple to handle, the survival rate height, and reproduction speed is fast, saving of labor, material-saving, cost are low, and growing-seedling period is short, and the plantation family is acceptant.
Embodiment
Embodiment: the annual 666m of test area
2, carry out the test in 3 years respectively.Test is divided into outdoor bud and transfers the check plot, area 222m
2Seedling grafting test region, area 444m
2In test region and check plot, draw 4 comparative trials that the different time grafting is carried out in the sub-district.
Grafting time: different grafting methods is carried out in every year 5,6,7, August respectively.
The grafting early-stage preparations: outdoor bud grafting is to carry out in 1 year, and stock is cultivated after 1 year winter or spring pruning anvil early, grafting on the shoot that sprouts.The seedling grafting is to carry out grafting on the seedling of being unearthed then, and grafting was pinched short strong in preceding 15 days, growing point is expanded leave bigger growth nest, and weeding is topdressed once before the grafting.
Grafting method: outdoor bud is transferred and is adopted the square bud grafting.The seedling grafting is adopted the bud lagging is connect, and its method is: at the bud of choosing on the seedling stock apart from about the 20cm of ground is grafting part, and the interface bud is above to be kept 2～3 leaves and cut off, and the following blade of interface bud is all removed.In each the vertical partial application of the both sides of seedling stock grafting position bud, reach xylem deeply, long 3～4cm, then at the bud upper and lower apart from each the horizontal partial application of bud 0.5cm place, transverse incision reaches xylem deeply in the longitudinal incision the inside, and the stock bud is taken off.Select full bud in the scion for buddering then, in each the vertical partial application of both sides of buddering, reach xylem deeply, long 3～4cm takes off and budders, and have growing point.The aligning stock bud grafting bud skin of will buddering is adjacent to the stock xylem.It is fast that speed is wanted, and ties from top to bottom with plastic strip and budder, and notes bud is exposed, and finishes grafting.
Management after the grafting:
Nursery stock after the grafting will check in time that general 15-20d budders and begins to sprout, and in time erase the bud on the stock, and stock is cut off at above first leaf place buddering.
Investigation method:
Every year is respectively established 10 permanent sample plots, sample area 1m in test region and check plot
2, nursery stock 20 strains of sample ground.30d investigation survival rate after the grafting is investigated the nursery stock scion annual November and is taken out slightly height, and the investigation value is a mean value, and outdoor bud is transferred the mean value into 2a, and the seedling grafting is the mean value of 3a.
Outdoor bud grafting different time graft survival rate.See Table 1.
The outdoor bud grafting different time of table 1 graft survival rate unit: %
| Sample ground number | 15-20 day in May | 15-20 day in June | 15-20 day in July | 15-20 day in August | Average survival |
| On average | 52.7 | 75.3 | 71.7 | 61.8 | 65.4 |
| 1 | 56 | 66 | 70 | 59 | 62.8 |
| 2 | 49 | 69 | 64 | 61 | 60.8 |
| 3 | 51 | 72 | 71 | 58 | 63 |
| 4 | 53 | 70 | 73 | 60 | 64 |
| 5 | 47 | 80 | 76 | 63 | 66.5 |
| 6 | 61 | 80 | 73 | 62 | 69 |
| 7 | 55 | 81 | 70 | 58 | 66 |
| 8 | 42 | 67 | 69 | 64 | 60.5 |
| 9 | 53 | 80 | 72 | 67 | 68 |
| 10 | 60 | 88 | 79 | 66 | 73.3 |
Table 2 seedling grafting different time graft survival rate is unit: % as a result
| Sample ground number | 15-20 day in May | 15-20 day in June | 15-20 day in July | 15-20 day in August | Average survival |
| On average | 85.9 | 98.1 | 76.5 | 60.7 | 80.3 |
| 1 | 89 | 98 | 81 | 58 | 81.5 |
| 2 | 90 | 99 | 77 | 60 | 81.5 |
| 3 | 87 | 100 | 78 | 59 | 81 |
| 4 | 87 | 99 | 73 | 61 | 80 |
| 5 | 80 | 100 | 76 | 59 | 78.8 |
| 6 | 80 | 99 | 79 | 62 | 80 |
| 7 | 81 | 97 | 70 | 56 | 76 |
| 8 | 91 | 98 | 80 | 63 | 83 |
| 9 | 86 | 96 | 72 | 65 | 80 |
| 10 | 88 | 95 | 79 | 64 | 81.5 |
Outdoor bud grafting different time grafting seedling height.See Table 3.
The outdoor bud grafting different time of table 3 grafting seedling height is unit: cm as a result
| Sample ground number | 15-20 day in May | 15-20 day in June | 15-20 day in July | 15-20 day in August | Average height |
| On average | 78.8 | 75.1 | 43.7 | 21.8 | 54.9 |
| 1 | 70 | 76 | 60 | 26 | 58 |
| 2 | 76 | 72 | 56 | 21 | 56.3 |
| 3 | 80 | 80 | 50 | 25 | 58.8 |
| 4 | 82 | 73 | 52 | 24 | 57.8 |
| 5 | 79 | 80 | 46 | 28 | 58.3 |
| 6 | 78 | 74 | 44 | 20 | 54 |
| 7 | 86 | 71 | 36 | 23 | 54 |
| 8 | 81 | 70 | 35 | 16 | 50.5 |
| 9 | 79 | 75 | 30 | 19 | 50.8 |
| 10 | 77 | 80 | 28 | 16 | 50.1 |
Seedling grafting different time grafting seedling height.See Table 4.
Table 4 seedling grafting different time grafting seedling height is unit: cm as a result
| Sample ground number | 15-20 day in May | 15-20 day in June | 15-20 day in July | 15-20 day in August | Average height |
| On average | 83 | 81.8 | 49.5 | 26.7 | 60.3 |
| 1 | 75 | 78 | 66 | 29 | 62 |
| 2 | 78 | 79 | 58 | 28 | 60.8 |
| 3 | 86 | 88 | 53 | 29 | 64 |
| 4 | 88 | 79 | 59 | 28 | 63.5 |
| 5 | 83 | 86 | 52 | 30 | 62.8 |
| 6 | 84 | 79 | 48 | 28 | 59.8 |
| 7 | 90 | 82 | 40 | 29 | 60.1 |
| 8 | 86 | 80 | 42 | 22 | 57.5 |
| 9 | 82 | 80 | 38 | 24 | 56 |
| 10 | 78 | 87 | 39 | 20 | 56 |
Interpretation of result
The different time grafting is to the influence of survival rate: as seen from Table 1, the average survival of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in May day grafting is 52.7%; The average survival of 15-20 day grafting in June is 75.3%; The average survival of 15-20 day grafting in July is 71.7%; The average survival of 15-20 day grafting in August is 61.8%; Comprehensive average survival is 65.4%.As seen from Table 2, the average survival of seedling grafting 15-20 in May day grafting is 85.9%; The average survival of 15-20 day grafting in June is 98.1%; The average survival of 15-20 day grafting in July is 76.5%; The average survival of 15-20 day grafting in August is 60.7%; Comprehensive average survival is 80.3%.From the situation of test region and check plot, what the walnut grafting survival rate was the highest is 15-20 day in June, learn by county's meteorological data, the temperature of 15-20 day in June between 25 ℃-30 ℃, relative moisture 55-65%.
The different time grafting is taken out slightly influence to scion: as seen from Table 3, average out to 78.8cm is slightly taken out in the scion of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in May day grafting; Average out to 75.1cm is slightly taken out in the scion of 15-20 day grafting in June; Average out to 43.7cm is slightly taken out in the scion of 15-20 day grafting in July; Average out to 21.8cm is slightly taken out in the scion of 15-20 day grafting in August; Comprehensive slightly average out to 54.9cm is taken out in scion.As seen from Table 4, average out to 83cm is slightly taken out in the scion of seedling grafting 15-20 in May day grafting; Average out to 81.8cm is slightly taken out in the scion of 15-20 day grafting in June; Average out to 49.5cm is slightly taken out in the scion of 15-20 day grafting in July; Average out to 26.7cm is slightly taken out in the scion of 15-20 day grafting in August; Comprehensive slightly average out to 60.3cm is taken out in scion.From the situation of test region and check plot, it is 15-20 day in May that the walnut grafting scion is taken out the highest slightly because May grafting survival scion longer vegetative period than other month.
The contrast of seedling grafting and outdoor bud grafting: the seedling grafting is than outdoor bud take height, and from table 1 and table 2 as can be seen, the average survival of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in May day grafting is 52.7%, and the average survival of seedling grafting is 85.9%, and is high by 33.2%; The average survival of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in June day grafting is 75.3%, and the average survival of seedling grafting is 98.1%, and is high by 22.8%; The average survival of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in July day grafting is 71.7%, and the average survival of seedling grafting is 76.5%, and is high by 4.8%; The average survival of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in August day grafting is 61.8%, and the average survival of seedling grafting is 60.7%, low 1.1%; The comprehensive average survival of outdoor bud grafting is 65.4%, and the comprehensive average survival of seedling grafting is 80.3%, and is high by 14.9%.The main cause that survival rate is high is: the seedling grafting is adopt the bud lagging is connect, to bud be the bud on the stock and growing point are taken off after, the nest that a bud and growing point are just arranged on the stock, leave the position for the bud and the growing point of scion, make the growing point of scion be difficult for sustaining damage, because the nest of growing point and the growing point of scion all are that cell constantly divides formation, the nest of stock growing point and the growing point of scion be also residual young tender cell and the tissue that is dividing, both cells and types of organization are identical, when both in conjunction with after residual young tender cell and organize and be fused into new cell and tissue very soon.Lagging also is as a same reason, after phloem and wooden the separation, all residual have young tender cell and a tissue that is dividing, and when the phloem of scion was attached to the xylem of stock, both are residual to have the young tender cell that is dividing and organize and be fused into new cell and tissue very soon.
The seedling grafting is faster than outdoor bud grafting growth, and from table 3 and table 4 as can be seen, average out to 78.8cm is slightly taken out in the scion of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in May day grafting, and average out to 83cm is slightly taken out in the scion of seedling grafting, high 4.8cm; Average out to 75.1cm is slightly taken out in the scion of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in June day grafting, and average out to 81.8cm is slightly taken out in the scion of seedling grafting, high 6.7cm; Average out to 43.7cm is slightly taken out in the scion of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in July day grafting, and average out to 49.5cm is slightly taken out in the scion of seedling grafting, high 5.8cm; Average out to 21.8cm is slightly taken out in the scion of outdoor bud grafting 15-20 in August day grafting, and average out to 26.7cm is slightly taken out in the scion of seedling grafting, high 4.9cm; Comprehensive slightly average out to 54.9cm is taken out in outdoor bud grafting scion, and comprehensive slightly average out to 60.3cm, high 5.4cm are taken out in seedling grafting scion.The fast main cause of growing is: the seedling grafting is adopt the bud lagging is connect, and residual have the young tender cell and the tissue that are dividing to merge soon, and conducting tissue and vascular bundle are worked hard in glove with soon, and healing is fast, so growth is fast.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method of grafting walnut seedling, it is characterized in that: the seedling grafting is adopted the bud lagging is connect, is grafting part in choosing on the seedling stock apart from a near bud the 20cm of ground, and 2～3 leaves of the above reservation of interface bud are cut off, and the following blade of interface bud is all removed; In each the vertical partial application of the both sides of seedling stock grafting position bud, reach xylem deeply, long 3～4cm, then at the bud upper and lower apart from each the horizontal partial application of bud 0.5cm place, transverse incision reaches xylem deeply in the longitudinal incision the inside, and the stock bud is taken off; Select full bud in the scion for buddering then,, reach xylem deeply, long 3～4cm in each the vertical partial application of both sides of buddering, take off and budder, have growing point, the aligning stock bud grafting bud skin of will buddering is adjacent to the stock xylem, tie from top to bottom with plastic strip and to budder, keep bud to expose, finish grafting.
2, the method for grafting walnut seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the seedling grafting is to carry out grafting on the seedling of being unearthed then, and grafting was pinched short strong in preceding 15 days, growing point is expanded leave bigger growth nest, and weeding is topdressed once before the grafting.
3, the method for grafting walnut seedling according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the seedling grafting was carried out in June.
4, the method for grafting walnut seedling according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the seedling grafting is finished under 25 ℃ of-30 ℃ of temperature.
5, the method for grafting walnut seedling according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the seedling grafting is finished under the humidity of 55-65%.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102106237A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-06-29 | 陈建业 | Walnut grafting and seedling method |
| CN103039254A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
| CN103039277A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Bark grafting method of apocarya |
| CN103636449A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-03-19 | 四川农业大学 | Efficient walnut seedling breeding system |
| CN104186208A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-12-10 | 重庆洞口科技有限公司 | Grafting method for promoting high yield of walnut fruits |
| CN104322295A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-04 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for quickly breeding seedlings of Tibet walnut by grafting tender shoots |
| CN104521576A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-22 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Cultivation method of cocoa seedlings |
| CN104920155A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 永胜程海茂源农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method for pecans |
| CN106212060A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-12-14 | 河北农业大学 | Efficient walnut bud grafting method |
| CN107371854A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-24 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | One planting fruit-trees method for increasing |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102106237A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-06-29 | 陈建业 | Walnut grafting and seedling method |
| CN103039254A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
| CN103039277A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Bark grafting method of apocarya |
| CN103636449A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-03-19 | 四川农业大学 | Efficient walnut seedling breeding system |
| CN104186208A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-12-10 | 重庆洞口科技有限公司 | Grafting method for promoting high yield of walnut fruits |
| CN104322295A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-04 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for quickly breeding seedlings of Tibet walnut by grafting tender shoots |
| CN104521576A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-22 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Cultivation method of cocoa seedlings |
| CN104521576B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-03-16 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | A kind of mating system of cocoa seedling |
| CN104920155A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 永胜程海茂源农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method for pecans |
| CN106212060A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-12-14 | 河北农业大学 | Efficient walnut bud grafting method |
| CN107371854A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-24 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | One planting fruit-trees method for increasing |
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Application publication date: 20091028 |