CN104322295A - Method for quickly breeding seedlings of Tibet walnut by grafting tender shoots - Google Patents
Method for quickly breeding seedlings of Tibet walnut by grafting tender shoots Download PDFInfo
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- CN104322295A CN104322295A CN201410674516.4A CN201410674516A CN104322295A CN 104322295 A CN104322295 A CN 104322295A CN 201410674516 A CN201410674516 A CN 201410674516A CN 104322295 A CN104322295 A CN 104322295A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly breeding seedlings of Tibet walnut by grafting tender shoots. The method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating stock and (2) grafting, wherein (1) the stock cultivation comprises the following substeps of (1.1) processing seeds; (1.2) preparing a nursery; (1.3) seeding; (1.4) managing stock seedlings; (2) the grafting comprises the following substeps of (2.1) collecting cions; (2.2) sealing by wax; (2.3) grafting; (2.4) transplanting and managing after transplantation. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the tender shoots are used for grafting and can be bred into finished product seedlings in a year, the seedlings can be taken out of the nursery, the seedling breeding time is shortened, and the process of improved variety of the Tibet walnut is quickened; moreover, the method can ensure stable transmission of good features of the variety, which is a primary condition for high quality and yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling-cultivating method, particularly relate to a kind of Tibet walnut tender seedling grafting rapid seedling cultivation method.
Background technology
The walnut that Fromlingzhi, tibet county produces, kind mainly contains wild walnut, sparrow walnut, J. sigillata etc. more than 10 and plants, with its skin thin, individual large, meat is tender, meat is full, the aromatic sweet and full plateau of reputation of meat, is the tribute of successive dynasties Dalai Lama and high-level officials.Tibet walnut landrace (strain) is various and assorted, very different, improved seeds (strain) proportion is too small, lack " name, spy, excellent " and " fist " product, traditional seedling-cultivating method cannot meet the needs of cultivating improved seeds, therefore, study a kind of new seedling-cultivating method to cultivate improved seeds, then become those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned deficiency, provides a kind of Tibet walnut tender seedling grafting rapid seedling cultivation method.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of Tibet walnut tender seedling grafting rapid seedling cultivation method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated
(1.1) seed treatment: selection maternal plant robust growth, resistance are comparatively strong, well developed root system, fully ripe J. sigillata seed; Before sowing, with 0.1% ~ 0.5% potassium permanganate, stock seed solution is soaked 2 hours, pull rear clear water out and soak 7 ~ 10 days, every day changes water, or soaks 7 ~ 10 days in flowing water, or processes with the 500mg/kg gibberellin aqueous solution.After seed fully absorbs water, floating grain in removing, takes out to be placed on concrete floor and tans by the sun, treat that namely more than 85% seed breach is sowed;
(1.2) nursery lot is prepared: rootstock seedling is bred in plastic tunnel; The wide 15m of plastic tunnel, high 2.8-3m, long 40-50m; Booth does seedbed after building up in canopy, general level bed; For improving seedbed ground temperature, build layer of plastic film again in canopy with steel frame construction or bamboo pole etc., film thickness is identical with outer layer thickness;
(1.3) sow: the sowing time is carried out October 27, program request, during sowing, require that kind of a shell suture should be perpendicular to the ground, plant sharp parallel to the ground with bottom line; Dense planting without spacing in the rows, line-spacing 2-3cm; Earthing 5cm on it after program request, and tread; Pour water, behind water saturates seedbed, within 2-3 days, spread white mulch film, keep seedbed humidity and increase ground temperature; Can emerge successively after 40 days;
(1.4) rootstock seedling management: after planting cover white mulch film, 40 days start germination and emergence, and within 60 days, nursery stock all sprouts; After nursery stock all sprouts, remove white mulch film immediately, repeatedly wipe out acrial part in time, promote under ground portion to increase thick;
(2) grafting
(2.1) gather scion: select or gather shoot maturation, more than rugosity 0.5cm, containing the annual shoot of 2 ~ 3 full buds as scion;
(2.2) to seal with wax process: mix by 1:10 with paraffin with yellow wax, first burnt by wax molten, temperature remains on 100 DEG C ~ 110 DEG C, should lower than 1 second during sealing-in fringe in paraffin oil, the scion of sealing is placed in shading, low temperature place preserves for subsequent use;
(2.3) grafting: as nursery stock more than leading thread 0.8cm (at the beginning of about 3 months), gets final product lifting grafting, and grafting adopts cleft graft.First take out the anvil seedling of more than diameter 0.8cm from seedbed, cut from the above 5cm of collar and cut, then along the longitudinal incision of cotyledon petiole along 3cm length anxious in plumular axis; Scion lower end is whittled into the wedge shape being about 3cm, inserts stock otch, top shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally about 0.5cm; Grafting operation requires that speed is fast, and bevel is put down, and anvil fringe forms layer and at least aligns, and during colligation, the starting point of plastic strip should in the cambial side of misalignment; Colligation wants tight, tight; Cutting lateral root is done after grafting is complete;
(2.4) transplant and plant rear management: the seedling grafted should move into field planting as early as possible; Transplant seedbed and be made into wide 100cm, spacing 50cm, flat ridge cultivation is planted; Every ridge cultivation 3 row, spacing in the rows 15cm; After planting, earthing should not be too dark, exposes scion, pour water in time; The nursery stock of different scion grafting is planted respectively, randomized arrangement; After 40 days after bud is sprouted irrigation fertilization, to loosen the soil subsequently, weeding, remove inflorescence in time, and carry out extermination of disease and insect pest work.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art: adopt tender seedling grafting, within 1 year, can be bred as finished product seedling, can go out garden then, shortens seedling raise period, accelerates Tibet improved variety of walnut process.And the good characteristic stable delivery of kind can be ensured, be the most important condition of high grade producing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of Tibet walnut tender seedling grafting rapid seedling cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated
(1.1) seed treatment: selection maternal plant robust growth, resistance are comparatively strong, well developed root system, fully ripe J. sigillata seed; Before sowing, with 0.1% ~ 0.5% potassium permanganate, stock seed solution is soaked 2 hours, pull rear clear water out and soak 7 ~ 10 days, every day changes water, or soaks 7 ~ 10 days in flowing water, or processes with the 500mg/kg gibberellin aqueous solution.After seed fully absorbs water, floating grain in removing, takes out to be placed on concrete floor and tans by the sun, treat that namely more than 85% seed breach is sowed;
(1.2) nursery lot is prepared: rootstock seedling is bred in plastic tunnel; The wide 15m of plastic tunnel, high 2.8-3m, long 40-50m; Booth does seedbed after building up in canopy, general level bed; For improving seedbed ground temperature, build layer of plastic film again in canopy with steel frame construction or bamboo pole etc., film thickness is identical with outer layer thickness;
(1.3) sow: the sowing time is carried out October 27, program request, during sowing, require that kind of a shell suture should be perpendicular to the ground, plant sharp parallel to the ground with bottom line; Dense planting without spacing in the rows, line-spacing 2-3cm; Earthing 5cm on it after program request, and tread; Pour water, behind water saturates seedbed, within 2-3 days, spread white mulch film, keep seedbed humidity and increase ground temperature; Can emerge successively after 40 days;
(1.4) rootstock seedling management: after planting cover white mulch film, 40 days start germination and emergence, and within 60 days, nursery stock all sprouts; After nursery stock all sprouts, remove white mulch film immediately, repeatedly wipe out acrial part in time, promote under ground portion to increase thick;
(2) grafting
(2.1) gather scion: select or gather shoot maturation, more than rugosity 0.5cm, containing the annual shoot of 2 ~ 3 full buds as scion;
(2.2) to seal with wax process: mix by 1:10 with paraffin with yellow wax, first burnt by wax molten, temperature remains on 100 DEG C ~ 110 DEG C, should lower than 1 second during sealing-in fringe in paraffin oil, the scion of sealing is placed in shading, low temperature place preserves for subsequent use;
(2.3) grafting: as nursery stock more than leading thread 0.8cm (at the beginning of about 3 months), gets final product lifting grafting, and grafting adopts cleft graft.First take out the anvil seedling of more than diameter 0.8cm from seedbed, cut from the above 5cm of collar and cut, then along the longitudinal incision of cotyledon petiole along 3cm length anxious in plumular axis; Scion lower end is whittled into the wedge shape being about 3cm, inserts stock otch, top shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally about 0.5cm; Grafting operation requires that speed is fast, and bevel is put down, and anvil fringe forms layer and at least aligns, and during colligation, the starting point of plastic strip should in the cambial side of misalignment; Colligation wants tight, tight; Cutting lateral root is done after grafting is complete;
(2.4) transplant and plant rear management: the seedling grafted should move into field planting as early as possible; Transplant seedbed and be made into wide 100cm, spacing 50cm, flat ridge cultivation is planted; Every ridge cultivation 3 row, spacing in the rows 15cm; After planting, earthing should not be too dark, exposes scion, pour water in time; The nursery stock of different scion grafting is planted respectively, randomized arrangement; After 40 days after bud is sprouted irrigation fertilization, to loosen the soil subsequently, weeding, remove inflorescence in time, and carry out extermination of disease and insect pest work.
Adopt method of the present invention, the test that scion gathers different time, different scion diameters affect grafting graft survival rate has been carried out on rich No. 1 of peace, rich No. 5 of peace, middle forest No. 1, No. 2, gift.Result of the test refers to table 1 and table 2.
The different scion of table 1 gathers the relation of period and survival rate
As can be seen from Table 1, gather scion period, March 2 gathered scion, and each elite plant survival rate can reach 98%, and March 14 gathered scion, each elite plant survival rate 78%, gathered its survival rate of scion March 24 and only had 45%.Can draw thus, the Best Times gathering scion is between 2 ~ March 14 March.
The relation of the different scion diameter of table 2 and survival rate
As can be seen from Table 2, during scion diameter≤1.3cm, each elite plant survival rate is only 42.5%, scion diameter 1.3-1.6cm, each elite plant survival rate can reach 99%, scion diameter 1.6-2.0cm, each elite plant survival rate 82.5%, can draw thus, during scion scion grafting 1.3-1.6cm, graft survival rate is the highest.More slightly or thinner scion, form layer and can not form layer with stock and fit well, have considerable influence to graft survival rate.
Conclusion (of pressure testing):
(1) walnut nursery, adopt tender seedling to make stock, because seedling age is little, in body, tannin content is low, and root pressure is less, and bleeding is less, and graft survival rate is high, and within 1 year, can be bred as finished product seedling, production cost is low, is convenient to promote.
(2) gathering the scion time is between March 2 to March 14, too early spend evening and gather all be unfavorable for survival rate, gather after scion and should seal with wax in time.Scion diameter 1.3-1.6cm, after its grafting, survival rate is the highest.
(3) in order to prevent tanning matter from forming separation layer in bevel oxidation, suppress Callus formation, when requiring grafting operation, action fast and accurately, completes before bevel does not turn yellow.Colligation requires tight, even, tight.Do cutting lateral root immediately after grafting completes, and transplant in time.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a Tibet walnut tender seedling grafting rapid seedling cultivation method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated
(1.1) seed treatment: selection maternal plant robust growth, resistance are comparatively strong, well developed root system, fully ripe J. sigillata seed; Before sowing, with 0.1% ~ 0.5% potassium permanganate, stock seed solution is soaked 2 hours, pull rear clear water out and soak 7 ~ 10 days, every day changes water, or soaks 7 ~ 10 days in flowing water, or processes with the 500mg/kg gibberellin aqueous solution.After seed fully absorbs water, floating grain in removing, takes out to be placed on concrete floor and tans by the sun, treat that namely more than 85% seed breach is sowed;
(1.2) nursery lot is prepared: rootstock seedling is bred in plastic tunnel; The wide 15m of plastic tunnel, high 2.8-3m, long 40-50m; Booth does seedbed after building up in canopy, general level bed; For improving seedbed ground temperature, build layer of plastic film again in canopy with steel frame construction or bamboo pole etc., film thickness is identical with outer layer thickness;
(1.3) sow: the sowing time is carried out October 27, program request, during sowing, require that kind of a shell suture should be perpendicular to the ground, plant sharp parallel to the ground with bottom line; Dense planting without spacing in the rows, line-spacing 2-3cm; Earthing 5cm on it after program request, and tread; Pour water, behind water saturates seedbed, within 2-3 days, spread white mulch film, keep seedbed humidity and increase ground temperature; Can emerge successively after 40 days;
(1.4) rootstock seedling management: after planting cover white mulch film, 40 days start germination and emergence, and within 60 days, nursery stock all sprouts; After nursery stock all sprouts, remove white mulch film immediately, repeatedly wipe out acrial part in time, promote under ground portion to increase thick;
(2) grafting
(2.1) gather scion: select or gather shoot maturation, more than rugosity 0.5cm, containing the annual shoot of 2 ~ 3 full buds as scion;
(2.2) to seal with wax process: mix by 1:10 with paraffin with yellow wax, first burnt by wax molten, temperature remains on 100 DEG C ~ 110 DEG C, should lower than 1 second during sealing-in fringe in paraffin oil, the scion of sealing is placed in shading, low temperature place preserves for subsequent use;
(2.3) grafting: as nursery stock more than leading thread 0.8cm (at the beginning of about 3 months), gets final product lifting grafting, and grafting adopts cleft graft.First take out the anvil seedling of more than diameter 0.8cm from seedbed, cut from the above 5cm of collar and cut, then along the longitudinal incision of cotyledon petiole along 3cm length anxious in plumular axis; Scion lower end is whittled into the wedge shape being about 3cm, inserts stock otch, top shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally about 0.5cm; Grafting operation requires that speed is fast, and bevel is put down, and anvil fringe forms layer and at least aligns, and during colligation, the starting point of plastic strip should in the cambial side of misalignment; Colligation wants tight, tight; Cutting lateral root is done after grafting is complete;
(2.4) transplant and plant rear management: the seedling grafted should move into field planting as early as possible; Transplant seedbed and be made into wide 100cm, spacing 50cm, flat ridge cultivation is planted; Every ridge cultivation 3 row, spacing in the rows 15cm; After planting, earthing should not be too dark, exposes scion, pour water in time; The nursery stock of different scion grafting is planted respectively, randomized arrangement; After 40 days after bud is sprouted irrigation fertilization, to loosen the soil subsequently, weeding, remove inflorescence in time, and carry out extermination of disease and insect pest work.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052651A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling raising method of hickory nuts |
| CN105052650A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling raising method of hickory nuts |
| CN105075774A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling and planting method of hickory nut |
| CN105123386A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | High-yield planting method for pecan |
| CN105145123A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-12-16 | 卿厚明 | Single bud cleft grafting method of walnut seedlings |
| CN105993621A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | Method for grafting paeonia lactiflora |
| CN106856999A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-20 | 屏边苗箐生态农业有限公司 | A kind of survival rate Juglans engrafting method high |
| CN109819831A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 旺苍县木门镇盐井核桃专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method of walnut |
| CN109924059A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-25 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of annual walnut rhizome engrafting method |
| CN110278822A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-27 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | A method of peach is cultivated in high altitude localities |
| CN110291894A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-01 | 宋荣晶 | A kind of method that quickly breeding closes stockaded village's millet walnut grafting container seedling |
| CN110915538A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for culturing walnut seedlings in open field container |
| CN111527900A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Double-root-cutting grafting seedling method for passion fruits |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105145123A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-12-16 | 卿厚明 | Single bud cleft grafting method of walnut seedlings |
| CN105052651A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling raising method of hickory nuts |
| CN105052650A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling raising method of hickory nuts |
| CN105075774A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling and planting method of hickory nut |
| CN105123386A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | High-yield planting method for pecan |
| CN105993621A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | Method for grafting paeonia lactiflora |
| CN106856999A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-20 | 屏边苗箐生态农业有限公司 | A kind of survival rate Juglans engrafting method high |
| CN109819831A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 旺苍县木门镇盐井核桃专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method of walnut |
| CN109924059A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-25 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of annual walnut rhizome engrafting method |
| CN110278822A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-27 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | A method of peach is cultivated in high altitude localities |
| CN110291894A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-01 | 宋荣晶 | A kind of method that quickly breeding closes stockaded village's millet walnut grafting container seedling |
| CN110915538A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for culturing walnut seedlings in open field container |
| CN111527900A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Double-root-cutting grafting seedling method for passion fruits |
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Inventor after: Li Yanfeng Inventor after: Dai Anguo Inventor after: Wang Wenhua Inventor after: Wang Yuxia Inventor after: Liu Yuhong Inventor after: Yang Xiaoju Inventor after: Wang Shuo Inventor before: Li Yanfeng Inventor before: Dai Anguo |
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Application publication date: 20150204 |