CN105746282A - Bud strip nursery multiplication of rubber tree and subsequent rejuvenation and replanting methods - Google Patents
Bud strip nursery multiplication of rubber tree and subsequent rejuvenation and replanting methods Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for nursery multiplication as well as rejuvenation and replanting of rubber tree buds. The method comprises the following processes: seedling cultivation and transplanting, multiplied seedling cultivation, post-grafting management, trunk cultivation, a grafted branch harvesting, and multiplied seedling rejuvenation, and replanting. According to the method, well-bred buds in a clonal primary comparative test area are selected to carry out multiplication through high-position bud grafting, and rejuvenation and replanting are carried out on the multiplied seedlings by utilizing grafting, so as to realize the rapid expanding propagation of high-quality scion buds, so as to effectively improve the survival rate of the multiplied seedling scions, the productivity of the buds and the survival rate of the buds, prevent the multiplied seedlings of rubber trees from freeze injury, reduce the cost of stock seed construction and management, and reduce the production cost of the multiplied seedlings of the rubber trees. The method has the advantages of being high in bud grafting survival rate, easy to implement, simple in post-grafting management, early in grafted bud germination, regular in sprouting in the same year, strong in growth, rapid and usable, saving the product change and rejuvenation cost, and widely replacing the traditional bud production technology to be popularized and applied in multiplication nursery gardens.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, relate to a kind of budling propagation and rejuvenation thereafter and the method changed kind, specifically a kind of Para rubber tree improved seeds nursery budling cutting strunk method propagation and rejuvenation thereafter and the method for changing kind
Background technology
Rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis) is one of the most important woody industrial crops in torrid areas and fast-growing high quality timber seeds, produces at Southeast Asia and Natural Rubber Industry in China and plays irreplaceable important function in ecological construction and environmental conservation always.Due to rubber tree economical production year limit for length, as bud grafting tree is usually 25～30 years, therefore, on natural rubber production, the quality control of rubber tree breeding seed cultivation link is particularly critical, and high-quality breeding rubber Seedling is long-range on yield per unit area impact, is the guarantee of China's natural rubber stable high yield.
Due to trait segregation between seedling offspring individuals, uniform quality can not be obtained, nursery stock that moral character is excellent, in addition the virgin phase of seedling is longer, enter the production phase later, therefore the mode that rubber Seedling is generally adopted bud grafting breeding produces, to improving reproduction speed while obtaining nursery stock good strains of seeds, improve production efficiency.Current rubber Seedling produces upper required budling brown budling and green budwood two class, and brown budling is the budling of suberification or half-corkificated, it is adaptable to brown budding, and green budwood is the budling of not yet suberification, it is adaptable to seedling or budding.Brown, green budwood are bred nursery by the difference breeding budling specially and are produced, existing brown budling enrichment procedure has moving type cutting strunk method, method that existing green budwood enrichment procedure includes clump branch formula truncation method repeatedly and shrub formula is pinched continuously, propagation nursery the budling provided is supporting with existing bud grafting mode.If bud grafting selection of time is improper, the first generation budling growing way will be caused weak, easily return withered, fluffy from being as short as 20～30cm, bud is not full, not good utilisation, the serious stock that also involves returns withered, additionally budling intercepting is as inaccurate in held for opportunity, meet bad weather, a lot of budlings are not used to bud grafting, only make firewood to use, waste bud source, cause budling productivity ratio in unit are low, time the suitableeest bud grafting time of being everlasting can not enough supply budling, it is difficult to meet rubber tree senior, the test of productivity Xi Bi district and the variety popularization demand to budling, and, bud grafting position selects not good meeting to cause the difficulty of follow-up rejuvenation and reconfiguration.After the some generations of clonal reproduction, breeding the increase of height of seedling degree, stock and the aging of clone age or physiological aging, cultivation effect is not satisfactory, must carry out rejuvenation and reconfiguration, if rejuvenation is improper, reconfiguration is improper, then can affect coppice shoot growth.Existing be usually used in propagation Seedling rejuvenation and the budling bud take of reconfiguration is low, and rejuvenation and reconfiguration effect unsatisfactory, affect the budling quality that the later stage produces, thus affecting clonal qualification, the selection-breeding of excellent rubber tree kind and popularization and application effect assessment.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rubber tree budling nursery propagation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing for the deficiencies in the prior art, it utilizes and improves stock bud grafting height, bigger space and more chance is improved for propagation Seedling rejuvenation, in conjunction with changing scion variety, and adopt the healthy and strong stock coppice shoot of the dry life in latter 1 year of saw and green scion budling to carry out reconfiguration, it is remarkably improved bud take, rejuvenation and the effect changed kind, thus reaching to promote the purpose of plant strain growth, also there is advantages of simple, efficient quick, workable, it is easy to management, save the features such as cost, budling stable yield can be realized, eye is full, effect of rejuvenation is obvious, renewal aftershaping is fast, do not affect and work as annual production, a large amount of high-quality breeding budlings are provided for Budding In Hevea.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
A kind of rubber tree budling nursery propagation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing, it specifically comprises the following steps that
1. seedling breeding with transplant seedlings: select to produce that seed is many, Seedling neat, rubber clone fresh seeds that winter resistance is good mutually at the beginning of 9 months～late December be seeded in casting bed (9, the seeding and seedling raising phase in October be 18～22 days, the December seeding and seedling raising phase is 30～40 days) carry out nursery, then choose stalwartness, seedling from seed with glue fruit is transplanted in the nursery lot put in order (namely moving bed), and plant line-spacing specification is 1m × 1m；Before transplanting seedlings, casting bed to be drenched water, after transplanting seedling should trickle immediately, carry out the water and fertilizer management of routine subsequently.
Stem height when described seedling from seed is transplanted is 20～40cm, selects suitable to be highly advantageous for raising and transplant seedlings survival rate.
2. propagation Seedling is cultivated: propagation Seedling type of rearing adopts rectangle path budding method, the propagation Seedling bud grafting time is 5～October, gather lignifying or the semi-lignified of excellent rubber tree kind in clone primary comparative test district, eye is full, tiltedly give birth to without pest and disease damage or vertical branch bar is as fringe bar, cut and should remove blade after taking in time and save backup (wrapping with Musa basjoo Sieb. Et Zucc. cauloid sheet etc.), with adopting with connecing.Before bud grafting, taking bud sheet with microtome knife from cutting the fringe bar chosen: select the bud that eye is full, above eye, 2～3cm place flat face is splayed a cutter, angle is 10～20 DEG C, length is 5～7cm, and 2～3cm place is perpendicular to the oblique partial application of branch below eye, takes out bud sheet.The healthy and strong seedling from seed selecting annual diameter 1.5～2.0cm during bud grafting is stock, at stock from 40～42cm place, ground, select a smooth position, at stock cortex budding knife from bottom to top rip cutting two cutter (firmly should be uniformly during cutting-up), the top of two cuttves intersects, bud interface width is that 1.5～2cm (determine according to the thickness of stock by bud interface width, be generally that stock stem is thick 1/3rd), it is highly 7～8cm, the degree of depth is as the criterion just reaching xylem, start to tear the bark bud grafting mouth from the infall of two cuttves, the cortex making bud grafting mouth top and the bottom separates with stock xylem, the cortex of bottom retains 0.5～2cm, so as embedding steady scion bud sheet.After stripping bud grafting mouth, the xylem on bud sheet is removed (noting during removal of xylem damaging bud), then bud sheet is whittled into the pane of 0.8～1.2cm × 4～6cm, the cambium layer retaining bud sheet of should trying one's best when cutting bud sheet more；Bud sheet is inserted bud grafting mouth, bud sheet is made to be close on stock, and bud sheet (is cut bud sheet, inserts bud sheet and bundle step with bud grafting mouth marginating compartment 1mm～2mm and to complete before bud grafting mouth discharges latex, bud grafting whole process is all it should be noted that keep bud sheet and the cambial cleaning of stock, avoid latex and sludge pollution), then with film strip, bud grafting place is bundled, complete bud grafting process.The thin film that after bud grafting, 25～30 days release binding, makes bud sheet expose.Nursery stock saw anvil bud sheet survived in 7～10 days after unbinding, saw anvil height is 5cm place above bud grafting mouth, and saw kerf tilts about 30～45 °, and inclined-plane should back to bud grafting mouth.After unbinding, the stock that bud grafting body is not survived should be changed side and mend in time and connect.
3. manage after connecing: after bud grafting, management process includes fertilising, weeding and main diseases and insect pests prevent and treat step, described fertilising is to be applied fertilizer in propagation nursery at the beginning of 3 months in by the end of February, in the middle of two plant, distance plant 0.5m place applies compound fertilizer 0.25kg, time then applies carbamide a little later, and seedling is 50kg/ mu, and seedlings are 60～70kg/ mu, adopt budling should stop using compound fertilizer for first 1 month, adopt the stopping of budling first half of the month and use carbamide.Described weeding is to adopt quick-acting contact N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium herbicides to propagation garden weeding, herbicide working concentration be in every 15L water add 25～37.5ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium (tender nursery lot concentration is 25ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium/15L water, old nursery lot is 37.5ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium/15L water), adopt the first fluffy leaf of bar first half of the month and new pumping stable before should stop using.Described main diseases and insect pests preventing and treating is to start dispenser preventing and treating at the pathogenic bacteria harm initial stage, by spraying Cosan 1.2～1.5kg/ mu of 325 sieve meshes, or spraying sulfur colloidal suspension agent 1.2～1.5kg/ mu, working solution concentration is 1.67%, or injection 1.5～2.5% triadimefons, powdery mildew can be prevented and treated.Available 0.5% carbendazim of anthrax preventing and treating, 0.5% Bravo, budling is carried out spray medicine by 0.3% maneb, 0.15% zineb aqueous solution.For avoiding pathogenic bacteria to develop immunity to drugs, Multiple Pesticides rotation uses.For reducing tradition pesticide injury, it is possible to selecting thermal fog preventing and treating rubber tree powdery mildew and the anthrax of Research Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropi's development and production, effect is also desirable, and time saving and energy saving, and this product working concentration is 200～250ml/ mu.
4. trunk is cultivated: propagation Seedling is cultivated by pruning bud picking, and the coppice shoot of 1st generation time only stays a trunk growth, and 2nd generation time retains 2 coppice shoots, can retain 2～3, even 3～4 coppice shoots when stock is big.
5. connect bar to gather: the coppice shoot robust growth of 1st generation time, 2 coppice shoots that 2nd generation time retains, as weak in the last one one, should take and force to stay on weak, as the last two then all cuts down, when stock is grown up, coppice shoot intercepting number up to 2～3, even 3～4, can adopt bar 3～5 years continuously.When scion newly sprout bar grow 3～4 months, green budwood can be gathered, grow and half brown budling within 6～9 months, can be gathered, trophophase reaches and can gather brown budling in more than 10 months, brown, half brown budling are applicable to common stock bud grafting, green budwood is applicable to green budding, and it can also be used for more carefully and thicker stock bud grafting.When first time adopts budling, it is typically in 15cm place above budding panel and intercepts, to retain enough position pumping secondary budlings, all intercept at 10cm place above a little of sprouting for each time for the second time and thereafter.The bud of each generation clone coppice shoot of all pumpings is respectively positioned on stem 1m with lower portion.
6. breed Seedling rejuvenation and change kind: intercepting more than budling 5 generation continuously at propagation Seedling, and seedling age is more than 6 years, during more than the stem girth 25cm at 30cm place, carry out propagation Seedling rejuvenation by reconfiguration and change kind, reconfiguration adopts rectangle path budding method, 3～July of bud grafting time is advisable, wherein, propagation Seedling rejuvenation includes stock rejuvenation and scion rejuvenation, the scion material being different from scion last time budling kind should be utilized for reconfiguration, before reconfiguration to above the average age for marriage big stock after 35～37cm place carries out cutting strunk in addition fertile training management cultivate 1 year, to promote that stock sprouts new buds rejuvenation, each anvil stake only retains 1 healthy and strong coppice shoot and carries out bud grafting.null(scionwood is more little for age for the green budwood at scion 3～6 monthly ages of selection，Bud take is more high，Bud sheet is more tender sprout more fast，Adopt the nursery stock healing that the bud sheet of green budwood is bred as fast，Growing way is good)，By scion bud grafting in 1 year raw coppice shoot 40～42cm eminence，First cutting-up bud grafting mouth on stock coppice shoot during bud grafting，But not peeling，The latex flowed out until designated port place wipes latex clear when solidifying shape in half again，Open cortex，Carry out bud grafting with ready bud sheet (to carry out after during before when rubber nursery stock bud grafting is typically in the morning 10 and afternoon 3，Owing to stock is thick，Especially during morning 6～7, latex is many especially，Propagation Seedling rejuvenation and when changing kind of reconfiguration，Should first cutting-up bud grafting mouth on 10～20 strain stock coppice shoots，But not peeling，During good last strain of cutting-up，The latex that the coppice shoot stock designated port place of cutting-up flows out at first half solidification，Go back to head and wipe latex clear with towel successively again，Open cortex，Bud grafting is carried out) with ready bud sheet，After bud grafting operating procedure and bud grafting, management is cultivated consistent with propagation Seedling.After bud grafting 5～7 days, can determine whether whether green bud sheet survives.Bud sheet survive after above bud grafting mouth 5cm place cut off 1 year raw stock coppice shoot.Propagation Seedling rejuvenation can be realized and change kind after propagation Seedling experience reconfiguration, and rejuvenation is conducive to changing kind, changes kind simultaneously and is conducive to rejuvenation.
Described propagation Seedling refers to and intercepts more than budling 5 generation continuously, seedling age and stem girth all relatively big (seedling age more than 6 years, more than the stem girth 25cm at 30cm place).
Described fertile training management is to breed Seedling for every strain to apply barnyard manure 7.5kg, compound fertilizer 0.25～0.5kg, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, promotes that stock sprouts sprouting.
Described propagation Seedling rejuvenation and the time changing kind are to carry out once at interval of 5 years after first time reconfiguration, cutting strunk all front saw kerf height reduction 5cm of ratio that before each reconfiguration, short anvil stake sprouts new buds, correspondingly, start from second time and each reconfiguration position all reduces 5cm than last reconfiguration position thereafter, have the effect downgrading rejuvenation concurrently, or reconfiguration position adopts the height identical with first time bud grafting to carry out every time, be conducive to improving the winter resistance of plant, simultaneously facilitate the operation such as pruning bud picking and spray medicine.
The inventive method, dramatically different with conventional budling propagation.
Conventional method is cultivated propagation Seedling and is used low level budding method, and the inventive method then uses high-order bud grafting to carry out.
Although bud grafting stake also to be downgraded by conventional method, but scion still bud grafting is on above the average age for marriage stock, the inventive method, then will new varieties scion bud grafting on newly generated 1 age stalwartness coppice shoot.Namely stock is not done childrenization process by the former, and the latter must carry out childrenization and process.
Cutting strunk is made in conventional method general tree stock stake, and stock then progressively to be implemented severe cutting strunk after first moderate by the inventive method.
Conventional method selects the plant of original seed farm as propagation Seedling scion, and the inventive method then selects the branch in clone primary comparative test district to be scion.
Conventional method carries out propagation Seedling rejuvenation and utilizes scion severe cutting strunk, and propagation Seedling rejuvenation is then utilized reconfiguration by the inventive method.
The method have the advantages that
Rubber tree budling nursery of the present invention propagation and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing, breed scion budling first with propagation nursery, then carry out rejuvenation with reconfiguration and change kind, thus realizing expanding propagation.Propagation Seedling scion budling picks up from clone primary comparative test district, saves the expense of original seed farm construction and management.Rubber tree propagation Seedling is cultivated and is taked high-order bud grafting not subject to freeze injury, it is prevented that low temperature during winter approached.When opening bud grafting mouth, owing to the stock for reconfiguration is thick, produce binder removal many especially, first stock is cut broken skin the latex on line of cut can be allowed to flow out, go back to head and clean the gel of bud grafting mouth surrounding, open abdomen capsule skin, then carry out bud grafting, it is to avoid latex pollutes bud grafting mouth, thus improving survival rate, by putting into practice, this method can make the reconfiguration survival rate of propagation Seedling to more than 95%, substantially increases reconfiguration survival rate.While abundant rejuvenation rubber breeds Seedling, it is effectively improved the survival rate of rubber propagation Seedling scion and the productivity ratio of budling, reduces production rubber propagation Seedling cost simultaneously.Propagation Seedling cultivates and rejuvenation thereafter and bud take height (more than 95%) changed kind, easy to implement the method, after connecing, management is simple, bud grafting is buddered sprouting then, stripping rate up to more than 97%, robust growth, and budder sprouting early, the same year stripping neat, robust growth, quickly available, saving product change rejuvenation cost, it is easy to promote aborning.Compared with traditional budling propagation, the rejuvenation of several times can be increased and change kind of a number of times, the life-span of bud grafting plant can be extended, there is minimizing production link, improve effect of rejuvenation and breeding coefficient, adopt management extremely convenient after bar is taken and adopted, the distinguishing features such as natural rubber production input in stock breeding can be reduced accordingly, can extensively substitute the universal use in each propagation nursery of traditional budling production technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
One, budling breeds and breeds Seedling rejuvenation and change kind
Embodiment one
1. seedling breeding with transplant seedlings: select to produce that seed is many, Seedling neat, rubber clone GT1 that winter resistance is good mutually, in the hevea seed harvest season, fresh mature full seed of gathering, be seeded in casting bed at the beginning of 9 months and carry out seedling breeding, nursery stage is 18～20 days.Then by the seedling replanting that grows directly from seeds that is bred as to turning over, executed in barnyard manure and the good nursery lot of whole furrow, bed is namely moved, as stock use during in order to propagation Seedling bud grafting.Healthy and strong seedling from seed is selected to transplant, plant line-spacing specification is 1m × 1m, when transplanting seedlings, employing grows directly from seeds seedling many bands glue really, the highest with stem length 22～25cm for seedling suitable height survival rate of transplanting seedlings, before transplanting seedlings, casting bed to be drenched water, after transplanting seedling should trickle immediately, carry out the water and fertilizer management of routine subsequently.
2. propagation Seedling is cultivated: propagation Seedling type of rearing adopts rectangle path budding method, and the propagation Seedling bud grafting time is JIUYUE.Gather half brown of excellent rubber tree kind in clone primary comparative test district, eye is full, tiltedly give birth to without pest and disease damage or vertical branch bar is as scion, cuts and should remove blade after taking in time and wrap standby with Musa basjoo Sieb. Et Zucc. cauloid sheet etc., with adopting with connecing.Before bud grafting, taking bud sheet with microtome knife from cutting the fringe bar chosen: select the bud that eye is full, above eye, 2～3cm place flat face is splayed a cutter, angle about 10～20 DEG C, length 5～7cm is advisable, and 2～3cm place is perpendicular to the oblique partial application of branch below eye, takes out bud sheet.Selecting seedling from seed healthy and strong for annual diameter 1.5～2.0cm during bud grafting is stock, locate from ground about 41cm at stock, select a smooth position, at stock cortex budding knife from bottom to top rip cutting two cutter, the top of two cuttves intersects, bud interface width is determined according to the thickness of stock, general 1.5～2cm is advisable, for stock stem thick 1/3rd, height 7～8cm is advisable, the degree of depth is as the criterion just reaching xylem, firmly should be uniform during cutting-up, start to tear the bark bud grafting mouth from the infall of two cuttves, the cortex making bud grafting mouth top and the bottom separates with stock xylem, the cortex of bottom retains 1～2cm, so as embedding steady scion bud sheet.After stripping bud grafting mouth, the xylem on bud sheet is removed, note during removal of xylem damaging bud, then bud sheet is whittled into about 0.8～1.2cm × 4～6cm pane, the cambium layer retaining bud sheet of should trying one's best when cutting bud sheet more；Bud sheet is inserted bud grafting mouth, makes bud sheet be close on stock, and bud sheet is best with bud grafting mouth marginating compartment about 1mm.Cutting bud sheet, insert bud sheet and bundle step and to complete before bud grafting mouth discharges latex, bud grafting whole process is all it should be noted that keep bud sheet and the cambial cleaning of stock, it is to avoid latex and sludge pollution.The thin film that after bud grafting, 25～27 days release binding, makes bud sheet expose.Nursery stock saw anvil bud sheet survived in 8～9 days after unbinding, saw anvil height is 5cm place above bud grafting mouth, and saw kerf tilts about 30～45 °, and inclined-plane should back to bud grafting mouth.After unbinding, the stock that bud grafting body is not survived should be changed side and mend in time and connect.
3. manage after connecing: after bud grafting, management process includes fertilising, weeding and main diseases and insect pests prevent and treat step, described fertilising is to be applied fertilizer in propagation nursery at the beginning of 3 months in by the end of February, in the middle of two plant, distance plant 0.5m applies compound fertilizer 0.25kg, time then applies carbamide a little later, and seedling is 50kg/ mu, and seedlings are 60～70kg/ mu, adopt budling should stop using compound fertilizer for first 1 month, adopt the stopping of budling first half of the month and use carbamide.Described weeding is to adopt quick-acting contact N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium herbicides to propagation garden weeding, herbicide working concentration is addition 25～37.5ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium in every 15L water, tender nursery lot concentration is 25ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium/15L water, old nursery lot is 37.5ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium/15L water, because when Seedling is old, grass also grows tall, adopt the first fluffy leaf of bar first half of the month and new pumping stable before should stop using.Described main diseases and insect pests preventing and treating is to start dispenser preventing and treating at the pathogenic bacteria harm initial stage, by spraying Cosan 1.2～1.5kg/ mu of 325 sieve meshes, or spraying sulfur colloidal suspension agent 1.2～1.5kg/ mu, working solution concentration is 1.67%, or injection 1.5～2.5% triadimefons, powdery mildew can be prevented and treated.Available 0.5% carbendazim of anthrax preventing and treating, 0.5% Bravo, budling is carried out spray medicine by 0.3% maneb, 0.15% zineb aqueous solution.For avoiding pathogenic bacteria to develop immunity to drugs, Multiple Pesticides rotation uses.
4. trunk is cultivated: by pruning bud picking, and the coppice shoot of 1st generation time only stays a trunk growth, and 2nd generation time retains 2 coppice shoots, can retain 2～3, even 3～4 coppice shoots when stock is big.
5. connect bar to gather: the coppice shoot robust growth of 1st generation time, 2 coppice shoots that 2nd generation time retains, as weak in the last one one, should saw and force to stay on weak, such as the last two then all under saw, when stock is grown up, coppice shoot intercepting number up to 2～3, even 3～4, can adopt bar 3～5 years continuously.When scion newly sprout bar grow 3～4 months, green budwood can be gathered, grow and half brown budling within 6～9 months, can be gathered, trophophase reaches and can gather brown budling in more than 10 months, brown, half brown budling are applicable to common stock bud grafting, green budwood is applicable to green budding, and it can also be used for more carefully and thicker stock bud grafting.When first time adopts budling, it is typically in 15cm place above budding panel and intercepts, to retain enough position pumping secondary budlings, all intercept at 10cm place above a little of sprouting for each time for the second time and thereafter.The bud of each generation clone coppice shoot of all pumpings is respectively positioned on stem 1m with lower portion.
6. breed Seedling rejuvenation and change kind: intercepting more than budling 5 generation continuously at propagation Seedling, and seedling age is more than 6 years, during more than the stem girth 25cm at 30cm place, carry out propagation Seedling rejuvenation by reconfiguration and change kind, reconfiguration adopts rectangle path budding method, the bud grafting time is April, wherein, propagation Seedling rejuvenation includes stock rejuvenation and scion rejuvenation, the scion material being different from scion last time budling kind should be utilized for reconfiguration, choose before reconfiguration the 120 above the average age for marriage big stocks of strain after about 35～37cm place carries out cutting strunk in addition fertile training management (every strain propagation Seedling applies barnyard manure 7.5kg, compound fertilizer 0.25～0.5kg, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, promote that stock sprouts sprouting) cultivate 1 year, promote that stock sprouts new buds rejuvenation, each anvil stake only retains 1 healthy and strong coppice shoot and carries out bud grafting.Scion select 3～6 monthly ages green budwood, by scion bud grafting in 1 year raw coppice shoot overhead about 41cm eminence, bud sheet survive after above bud grafting mouth 5cm place cut off 1 year raw stock coppice shoot.After bud grafting 5～7 days, can distinguish whether green bud sheet survives.
Embodiment two
1. seedling breeding with transplant seedlings: select to produce that seed is many, Seedling neat, rubber clone GT1 that winter resistance is good mutually, in the hevea seed harvest season, fresh mature full seed of gathering, be seeded in casting bed at the beginning of 10 months and carry out seedling breeding, nursery stage is 20～22 days.Then by the seedling replanting that grows directly from seeds that is bred as in the nursery lot put in order, namely move bed, use as stock during in order to propagation Seedling bud grafting, select healthy and strong seedling from seed to transplant, plant line-spacing specification is 1m × 1m, minizone is spaced apart 2m, when transplanting seedlings, adopts seedling many bands glue fruit of growing directly from seeds, the highest with stem length 20～23cm for seedling suitable height survival rate of transplanting seedlings, before transplanting seedlings, casting bed to be drenched water, after transplanting seedling should trickle immediately, carry out the water and fertilizer management of routine subsequently.
2. propagation Seedling is cultivated: propagation Seedling type of rearing adopts rectangle path budding method, the propagation Seedling bud grafting time is October, gather the brown of excellent rubber tree kind in clone primary comparative test district, eye is full, tiltedly give birth to without pest and disease damage or vertical branch bar is as scion, cut and should remove blade after taking in time and wrap standby with Musa basjoo Sieb. Et Zucc. cauloid sheet etc., with adopting with connecing.Before bud grafting, taking bud sheet with microtome knife from cutting the fringe bar chosen: select the bud that eye is full, above eye, 2～3cm place flat face is splayed a cutter, angle about 10～20 DEG C, length 5～7cm is advisable, and 2～3cm place is perpendicular to the oblique partial application of branch below eye, takes out bud sheet.Selecting seedling from seed healthy and strong for annual diameter 1.5～2.0cm during bud grafting is stock, at stock from 40～42cm place, ground, select a smooth position, at stock cortex budding knife from bottom to top rip cutting two cutter, the top of two cuttves intersects, bud interface width is determined according to the thickness of stock, general 1.5～2cm is advisable, for stock stem thick 1/3rd, height 7～8cm is advisable, the degree of depth is as the criterion just reaching xylem, firmly should be uniform during cutting-up, start to tear the bark bud grafting mouth from the infall of two cuttves, the cortex making bud grafting mouth top and the bottom separates with stock xylem, the cortex of bottom retains 0.5～1.5cm, so as embedding steady scion bud sheet.After stripping bud grafting mouth, the xylem on bud sheet is removed, note during removal of xylem damaging bud, then bud sheet is whittled into about 0.8～1.2cm × 4～6cm pane, the cambium layer retaining bud sheet of should trying one's best when cutting bud sheet more；Bud sheet is inserted bud grafting mouth, makes bud sheet be close on stock, and bud sheet is best with bud grafting mouth marginating compartment about 1mm.Cutting bud sheet, insert bud sheet and bundle step and to complete before bud grafting mouth discharges latex, bud grafting whole process is all it should be noted that keep bud sheet and the cambial cleaning of stock, it is to avoid latex and sludge pollution.The thin film that after bud grafting, 28～30 days release binding, makes bud sheet expose.Unbinding the nursery stock saw anvil that bud sheet is survived latter 10 days, saw anvil height is 5cm place above bud grafting mouth, and saw kerf tilts about 30～45 °, and inclined-plane should back to bud grafting mouth.After unbinding, the stock that bud grafting body is not survived should be changed side and mend in time and connect.
3. manage after connecing: after bud grafting, management process includes fertilising, weeding and main diseases and insect pests prevent and treat step, described fertilising is to be applied fertilizer in propagation nursery at the beginning of 3 months in by the end of February, in the middle of two plant, distance plant 0.5m applies compound fertilizer 0.25kg, time then applies carbamide a little later, and seedling is 50kg/ mu, and seedlings are 60～70kg/ mu, adopt budling should stop using compound fertilizer for first 1 month, adopt the stopping of budling first half of the month and use carbamide.Described weeding is to adopt quick-acting contact N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium herbicides to propagation garden weeding, herbicide working concentration is addition 25～37.5ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium in every 15L water, tender nursery lot concentration is 25ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium/15L water, old nursery lot is 37.5ml N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium/15L water, because when Seedling is old, grass also grows tall, adopt the first fluffy leaf of bar first half of the month and new pumping stable before should stop using.Described main diseases and insect pests preventing and treating is to start dispenser preventing and treating at the pathogenic bacteria harm initial stage, by spraying Cosan 1.2～1.5kg/ mu of 325 sieve meshes, or spraying sulfur colloidal suspension agent 1.2～1.5kg/ mu, working solution concentration is 1.67%, or injection 1.5～2.5% triadimefons, powdery mildew can be prevented and treated.Available 0.5% carbendazim of anthrax preventing and treating, 0.5% Bravo, budling is carried out spray medicine by 0.3% maneb, 0.15% zineb aqueous solution.For avoiding pathogenic bacteria to develop immunity to drugs, Multiple Pesticides is used alternatingly.For reducing tradition pesticide injury; also can when high humidity at night; with 7L oil preparation/mu; use thermal fog compound preventing and treating rubber tree powdery mildew and the anthrax of Research Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropi's development and production; effect is also desirable, and time saving and energy saving, and this product working concentration is 200～250ml/ mu; interval dispenser in 15 days 1 time, according to its extent of injury dispenser 1～3 time.
4. trunk is cultivated: by pruning bud picking, and the coppice shoot of 1st generation time only stays a trunk growth, and 2nd generation time retains 2 coppice shoots, can retain 2～3, even 3～4 coppice shoots when stock is big.
5. connect bar to gather: the coppice shoot robust growth of 1st generation time, 2 coppice shoots that 2nd generation time retains, as weak in the last one one, should saw and force to stay on weak, such as the last two then all under saw, when stock is grown up, coppice shoot intercepting number up to 2～3, even 3～4, can adopt bar 3～5 years continuously.When scion newly sprout bar grow 3～4 months, green budwood can be gathered, grow and half brown budling within 6～9 months, can be gathered, trophophase reaches and can gather brown budling in more than 10 months, brown, half brown budling are applicable to common stock bud grafting, green budwood is applicable to green budding, and it can also be used for more carefully and thicker stock bud grafting.When first time adopts budling, it is typically in 15cm place above budding panel and intercepts, to retain enough position pumping secondary budlings, all intercept at 10cm place above a little of sprouting for each time for the second time and thereafter.For controlling stock height, starting coppice shoot reservation length from 2nd generation time can successively decrease year by year, after 5 generations, controls at about 50～60cm or below, if do not successively not decreased, now coppice shoot stake is up to 1m.The bud of each generation clone coppice shoot of all pumpings is respectively positioned on stem 1m with lower portion.
6. breed Seedling rejuvenation and change kind: intercepting more than budling 5 generation continuously at propagation Seedling, and seedling age is more than 6 years, during more than the stem girth 25cm at 30cm place, carry out propagation Seedling rejuvenation by reconfiguration and change kind, reconfiguration adopts rectangle path budding method, the bud grafting time is June, wherein, propagation Seedling rejuvenation includes stock rejuvenation and scion rejuvenation, the scion material being different from scion last time budling kind should be utilized for reconfiguration, choose before reconfiguration the 120 above the average age for marriage big stocks of strain after 35～37cm place carries out cutting strunk in addition fertile training management (every strain propagation Seedling applies barnyard manure 7.5kg, compound fertilizer 0.25～0.5kg, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, promote that stock sprouts sprouting) cultivate 1 year, can promote that stock sprouts new buds rejuvenation, each anvil stake only retains 1 healthy and strong coppice shoot and carries out bud grafting.Scion select 3～6 monthly ages green budwood, by scion bud grafting in 1 year raw coppice shoot overhead about 41cm eminence, bud sheet survive after above bud grafting mouth 5cm place cut off 1 year raw stock coppice shoot.After bud grafting 5～7 days, can distinguish whether green bud sheet survives.
Two, propagation Seedling effect of rejuvenation is identified
1. rejuvenation propagation Seedling bud grafting and stripping effect identification:
Bud grafting for investigating rejuvenation bud grafting stake survives and coppice shoot pumping situation, the bud grafting strain number of rejuvenation bud grafting stake in above-described embodiment (after propagation Seedling saw anvil the bud grafting body that do not sprout), bud grafting are survived strain number and bud sheet survives the coppice shoot number of rear pumping and is observed and statistics, calculate its bud take, bud sheet stripping rate.Result is in Table 1.
The bud grafting of table 1 rubber rejuvenation bud grafting stake and stripping situation
Above-mentioned bud grafting and stripping result show, with the bud take of the conventional budding stake about 90% without rejuvenation and about 95% stripping rate compared with, the present invention is by carrying out rejuvenation to the propagation Seedling that seedling age and stem girth are all bigger and change kind, the bud take of bud grafting stake, stripping rate can be effectively improved, variance analysis shows, the bud take of the present invention, stripping rate are all remarkably higher than the value (P < 0.05) of conventional budding stake.
2. the fringe Quality Identification of rejuvenation propagation Seedling coppice shoot:
For verifying propagation Seedling effect of rejuvenation further, being scion source through rejuvenation and the coppice shoot of propagation Seedling institute pumping changed kind in above-described embodiment, employing rubber Seedling conventional budding method carries out budling cultivation, and is colonizated in land for growing field crops to carry out growth perfonnance qualification.Test adopts companion way design, the conventional budding Seedling that the coppice shoot of the propagation Seedling to pick up from non-rejuvenation is bred as scion source is for comparison, each process 30 strains, repeat 3 times, equal 90 strains, observe single coppice shoot bud sheet number, bud grafting strain number, bud grafting survive strain number, calculate bud take, obtaining breeding coefficient in conjunction with bud grafting and stripping data, result is in Table 2.After Field planting, the Seedling number of depositing of the trial zone that seedling age is reached more than a year by annual late December carries out all-round statistics, and measure rubber Seedling stem girth once, cut until opening, measurement site is 1m place above bud grafting point, first add up the thick amount of increasing in its year, obtain the uniformity then again, then according to depositing Seedling number and transplanting basic seedling amount calculating survival rate of seedlings.Result is in Table 3.
The nursery situation of table 2 rubber rejuvenation propagation Seedling coppice shoot
The variance analysis of breeding trial result shows, the bud take of the present invention, breeding coefficient are all remarkably higher than the value (P < 0.05) of conventional budding Seedling.
Growing state after table 3 rubber budling field planting
| Type | Thick amount/cm the strain of average annual increasing-1 | The uniformity/% | Survival rate of seedlings/% |
| Conventional budding Seedling | 3.9 | 74 | 90.1 |
| Embodiment one | 4.7 | 89 | 95.8 |
| Embodiment two | 4.8 | 90 | 96.2 |
The variance analysis of growth test result shows, average annual slightly amount, the uniformity, the survival rate of seedlings three of increasing is considered greatly planting stock index and all had significant difference (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) between 2 kinds of budlings.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also making some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106489651A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-03-15 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of fast culture rubber tree seedling |
| CN107347557A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-17 | 西双版纳丽欣农业科技有限责任公司 | Rubber tree budling nursery is bred and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing |
| CN107409773A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-01 | 遵义市新科创农业发展有限公司 | Grafting detection means |
| CN113854061A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-31 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for selecting fruiting plants by directional low-position secondary bud-remaining of bananas |
| CN116849076A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-10-10 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Cultivation method of dwarf seedlings of rubber tree |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101120641B (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2011-08-10 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Seedling budding method for rubber tree minitype bud sticks |
| CN102696390B (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2013-10-23 | 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 | Method for promoting budding of seedling budlings of Brazil rubber trees |
| CN103688768B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-09-30 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of bamboo grows children tender shoots bar is cultivated and budding method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106489651A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-03-15 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of fast culture rubber tree seedling |
| CN107347557A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-17 | 西双版纳丽欣农业科技有限责任公司 | Rubber tree budling nursery is bred and rejuvenation thereafter and method for changing |
| CN107409773A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-01 | 遵义市新科创农业发展有限公司 | Grafting detection means |
| CN113854061A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-31 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for selecting fruiting plants by directional low-position secondary bud-remaining of bananas |
| CN116849076A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-10-10 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Cultivation method of dwarf seedlings of rubber tree |
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