CN105766310A - Method for raising seedlings out of sweet potato true seeds through nutritive bags - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings out of sweet potato true seeds through nutritive bags Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766310A CN105766310A CN201610149281.6A CN201610149281A CN105766310A CN 105766310 A CN105766310 A CN 105766310A CN 201610149281 A CN201610149281 A CN 201610149281A CN 105766310 A CN105766310 A CN 105766310A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for raising seedlings out of sweet potato true seeds through nutritive bags and belongs to the technical field of seedling raising of the sweet potato true seeds.The method comprises the specific steps of 1, selecting the position of a seed bed; 2, placing the seeds into the nutritive bags, and densely arranging the nutritive bags; 3, selecting sprouting sweet potato true seeds subjected to pretreatment, hand-sowing the sprouting sweet potato true seeds into the nutritive bags, watering the sprouting sweet potato true seeds thoroughly, and covering the sprouting sweet potato true seeds with a thin film; 4, after the seedlings grow fully, removing the film at nightfall or on a cloudy day; 5, on the third to fifth day after the seedlings grow fully, applying a seedling raising fertilizer for the first time, wherein the nitrogen concentration is 300 mg/L, and applying the fertilizer another time seven days later; 6, on the 30<th> to 40<th> day after the seeds are sowed, in other words, the strong seedling standard is reached, conducting transplanting with soil.By means of the method for raising the seedlings out of the sweet potato true seeds through the nutritive bags, the germination rate reaches 92% or above, the emergence rate reaches 100%, the seedlings can grow fully in five days, the seedlings grow consistently, the root system is robust, quality of the raised seedlings is high, the adaptive capacity to an acquired environment is great, operation is simple, seedling raising time is flexible, at the later stage, it can be selected to culture the seedlings at site till the seedlings get mature, harvesting is conducted and furthermore the variety is subjected to breeding according to the conditions, the harvest yield of excellent strains is increased, and time for excellent variety breeding is shorted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sweet photo seed seedling-raising technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of sweet photo kind
Sub-nutritional bag method.
Background technology
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) has another name called Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato, pachyrhizus, sweet potato etc., for dicotyledonous
Plant, the one of Convolvulaceae (Convolvulaceae) sweet potato genus (Ipornoea) overgrow draft, happiness gentleness
Annual or the perennial plant of short-day, sweet potato because yield is high, of many uses and the advantage such as strong adaptability,
It is to be only second to the important grain of paddy rice, wheat and corn, feed, the energy and add working substance in China.
Sweet potato can blossom and bear fruit on ground, the torrid zone, but is generally not capable of blossoming and bearing fruit in temperate zone.As at Central China
And northern territory, most sweet potato varieties the most all can not bloom, though each at south China
Saving, also also not all kind can be bloomed.Sweet according to the research of Institute of agricultural sciences sweet potato research department, Area in Yantai Region
Potato is bloomed, pollen germination, solid and seed maturity preference temperature are 26 DEG C, therefore sweet for most area
For potato breeder, it is ensured that the high germination rate of sweet photo seed, high planting percent and high transplanting survival rate,
It it is the basis of breeding high-yield excellent sweet potato kind.It is therefore desirable to exploitation one improves sweet photo germination
The seedling-raising technique of rate, planting percent and transplanting survival rate.
" guangdong agricultural science " the 5th phase in 2003 discloses " germination test of dense sulfuric acid treatment Sweet potato seeds "
Show to soak Sweet potato seeds 20-40 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, it is possible to make germination percentage reach more than 96%, ratio tradition side
Method is time saving and energy saving." TanJin Agricultural College journal " the 1st phase of volume 10 in 2003 discloses grape single-bud nutrient bag
Nursery production technology；The floating seedlings that " agriculture in south journal " the 4th phase in 2011 discloses sweet potato vine is the most numerous
Technology；" journal of crops " the 5th phase in 2011 discloses potato and hybridizes sub-nutritional bag technology of growing directly from seeds；" big
Many science and technology " the 172nd phase of volume 15 in 2013 and Publication No. CN103460941A all disclose horse the same year
The nutritional bag technology of the raw son of tail pine nut；" tropical agricultural science " the 6th phase of volume 34 in 2014 discloses
Nutritional bag, nutritive cube nursery, floating seedlings and broadcast sowing 4 kinds of seedling raising mannerses of nursery to Job's tears growth and produce
The impact of amount, it is believed that nutritional bag is its preferable seedling raising manners；" forest survey and design (Fujian) " 2014
The 1st phase of year discloses Chloranthus glaber nutritional bag technology；" rural science and technology " the 7th phase in 2014 discloses walnut
Nutritional bag technology；" forestry practical technique " the 2nd phase in 2014 discloses Acacia mangiumwilld nutrient bag program request and educates
Seedling technology；" Crop Diseases in Yunnan " the 4th phase in 2015 discloses Moringa nutritional bag technology；Publication No.
CN102986497A discloses the method for grape plastic nutritional bag fast seedling growing；Publication No.
CN104025889A discloses a kind of betel nut nutritional bag method；Publication No. CN101627728 is open
A kind of method utilizing the anosis nontoxic test tube seedling of sweet photo cultivating seeds；Publication No. CN101897294A
Disclose seed selection method for sweet potato seedling of two generators in one year.
At present, the common method of sweet photo seed seedling-raising is: in greenhouse or open air turfy soil,
Vermiculite power or seedling medium set up a seedbed, and sow seed on seedbed, water suitable quantity of water, then at seedling
Building Small plastic shed on Chuan, this kind of method more take a lot of work, time-consuming, and seedling growth is uneven, seedling is weak, transplants into
Motility rate is the highest, and the nutritional bag technology about sweet photo seed has not yet to see report.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome problem present in background technology, the invention provides a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag
Method for culturing seedlings, on the basis of existing sweet photo seed seedling-raising, uses nutritional bag technology, improves sweet
The planting percent of potato true seed, and make its quick, neat emerging, the seedling acquired environment cultivated is fitted
Should be able to power strong；Reach saving of labor, save time, economical, efficiently, improve transplanting survival rate, improve the excellent product of sweet potato
The seed selection probability planted, shortens the good variety selection time.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, concretely comprises the following steps:
1) seedbed is selected: select vacant lot smooth, leeward, that on the sunny side, conveniently manage as putting nutrient bag
Seedbed；
2) nutrient bag: select black plastic nutrient bag；
3) Nutrition Soil: biogas residue is dried, pulverizes, crossed 20 mesh sieves, standby；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing,
Dry, pulverize, cross 20 mesh sieves, standby；Biogas residue, vermiculite, garden mould, plant ash are hybridly prepared into Nutrition Soil；
First adding water before using, it is wet to mix, and Nutrition Soil water content is 60%, i.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, puts down in the state scattered；
4) filling Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: mix wet Nutrition Soil by adding water and load nutrient bag, first filling 1/4 expires,
Be then placed in composite fertilizer 5 grams, be further continued for load Nutrition Soil suppression tamp, Nutrition Soil from sack 1-2cm,
Closely being placed in together by nutrient bag, surrounding earth or fragment of brick are crowded around；
5) planting seed pre-treatment: sweet photo seed is soaked 30 minutes with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and constantly stirs
Mix, make seed be fully contacted the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with running water, seed is rinsed more than 3 times,
Ensureing to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, then proceed to soak in 50-55 DEG C of warm water, this process lasts stirs, and makes seed
Being heated evenly, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minute, stop stirring, seed proceeds to 25% carbendazim can
In 250 times of liquid of WP, continue to soak 5-10 minute, take out seed distilled water and clean, proceed to cultivate
In ware, adding distilled water, distilled water is advisable with just submergence seed, is built by the lid of culture dish, put into
Illumination cultivation in illumination box；
6) sowing: before sowing, water of first nutrient bag installing Nutrition Soil being drenched, in the middle of nutrient bag, use little wood
A hole deep for 1.5cm made a call to by rod or tweezers, selects the seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and enters in hole, notes root down,
Then covering the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm above, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out to be mended again
Kind, then cover mulch film, heat and moisture preserving；
7) daily management: check the situation of emerging every day, selects after neat seedling at dusk or the cloudy day takes off film, vertical after taking off film
I.e. water the most permeable, after film removes, practice seedling 5-7 days according to weather Shading net covering；It is not required to before taking off film
Watering, after taking off film, early stage waters a water for 3 days, and Later growth waters a water for 7 days；After Qi Miao 3-5 days,
Execute nursery by the amount of 15g/150 grain seed fertile, execute disposable fertilizer every 7 days；After sowing 30-40 days, treat seedling
Grow to 8-10cm, 6-8 sheet leaf can transplant.
As preferably, step 2) in, need to cut transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops and carry out strain and expand numerous selection relatively small dimension
Nutrient bag, needs directly to grow in Seedling bag and carry out the nutrient bag of the bigger specification of selection of strain seed selection.
As preferably, step 3) in, Nutrition Soil presses biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: the weight of plant ash=6:2:20:1
Amount, than preparation, with high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C of sterilizings 40 minutes, fully kills germ, worm's ovum, ruderal species
Son.
As preferably, step 4) in, described composite fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13.
As preferably, step 5) in, sweet photo seed is 25 DEG C of illumination cultivation 48h in illumination box,
24h changes a water.
As preferably, step 7) in, described nursery fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2The composite fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen
Concentration controls, at 300mg/L, to be dissolved in water by nursery fertilizer, be poured onto in nutrient bag with water.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) the inventive method germination percentage is high, survival rate of seedling is high, with dense sulfuric acid treatment germination percentage up to 92.55%
Above, just can reject during ablastous planting seed, and process and chemicals treatment through lukewarm water, coordinate and make
Under with, increase disinfection and the effect of breaking dormancy, shorten germinating time, increase planting percent, planting percent
Substantially can reach 100%, and 4-5 days can neat seedling.
(2) Middle nutrition soil of the present invention is by biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: the weight ratio preparation of plant ash=6:2:20:1,
Nutrition Soil well-formed, physicochemical property is good, nutritious, and add rural area biogas residue utilize new way,
Add the plant ash rich in potassium, be more beneficial for the growth of sweet potato seedling；With high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C of sterilizings
40 minutes, fully kill germ, worm's ovum, weed seed etc..
(3) Middle nutrition of the present invention is packed adds 5 grams of composite fertilizers to time at 1/4, refills Nutrition Soil suppression and fills out
Real locate to sack 1-2cm, it is possible to provide sufficient nutrient at sweet potato seedling the middle and late growth stage, promotion root to
Nutrient bag bottom grown, promotes strong sprout, and unity Nutrition Soil, is difficult to loose dropping, improve transplanting survival rate.
(4) the inventive method low cost, nutrient bag putting position is flexible, and limitation is little, simple to operation.
(5) composite fertilizer is dissolved in water by the inventive method applies nutrient bag with water, it is ensured that fertilising equal
Even, do not easily cause burn seedlings, and be to ensure that the key measure that seedling growth is consistent.
(6) seedling brought out through the inventive method, growth is consistent, and interval is short, and root system is the most flourishing, its root
Long, radical and maximum leaf length and width product respectively higher by 114.83% than seedbed seedling raising manners, 44.68% and 52.85%,
Root fresh weight, root fresh weight ratio and whole strain dry matter content are respectively than seedbed height of seedling 254.57%, 269.88% and
29.57%, illustrate that nutrient bag seedling not only shows the feature of well developed root system on biological character, at biomass
Upper performance advantage becomes apparent from, the root/shoot ratio of nutrient bag seedling and seedling vigorous index high 71.43% He than seedbed nursery respectively
70.34%, absolutely prove that nutrient bag seedling well developed root system, internode be sturdy, seedling quality is significantly better than seedbed seedling.
(7) the inventive method is watered permeable before transplanting to nutrient bag, and nutrient bag seedling band mass of soil is transplanted, and does not hinder root,
Slow seedling is fast, and drought-resistant ability is strong, long-distance transportation no seedling injury, is particularly suitable at drought, lacks and irrigate bar
The mountain area popularization and application of part.
(8) the inventive method cultivation sweet potato seedling has seedbed nursery, the unexistent advantage of floating seedlings,
The most wide in range, do not result in nursery and the contradiction of soil crops for rotation, can be according to soil actual conditions
Select transplanting time, and also can wait until that seedling growth cuts 3-5 section transplantation of seedlings to 50cm again, increase
Add every young plant survives probability, it is ensured that each young plant can enter the last seed selection stage smoothly, does very well
Strain can obtain abundant potato block, increases numerous seedling amount of Second Year, shortens breeding time, improves kind
Breeding Efficiency, even, as long as selecting the nutrient bag of appropriate size, it is also possible to do not cut seedling, last directly results
Potato block in nutrient bag, carries out seed selection, eliminates the work of field planting, management etc., save worry, laborsaving,
Economical, efficiently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the seedling figure that sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling raising manners grows to 30 days；
Fig. 2 is the seedling figure that sweet photo seed seedbed seedling raising manners grows to 30 days；
Fig. 3 is the seedling root band soil situation ratio of sweet photo seed nutritional bag nursery and seedbed seedling raising manners
Relatively scheme；
Fig. 4 is the seedbed nursery of sweet photo seed and floating seedlings cultivation seedling growth comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 is sweet potato seedling root/shoot ratio and the block diagram of seedling vigorous index under different seedling raising manners.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, concretely comprises the following steps:
1) seedbed is selected: select vacant lot smooth, leeward, that on the sunny side, conveniently manage as putting nutrient bag
Seedbed；
2) nutrient bag: the black plastic nutrient bag selecting specification to be 10 × 12cm, has aperture bottom nutrient bag,
Enough growing spaces are provided, it is ensured that can fully reflect sweet potato potato shape feature for sweet potato root tuber；
3) Nutrition Soil: (crop material, cow dung, pig manure etc. are gained after methane-generating pit ferments, and mainly becomes for biogas residue
It is divided into organic matter and humus etc.) dry, pulverize, cross 20 mesh sieves, standby；Fertile garden mould, goes removal of impurities
Thing, dries, and pulverizes, and crosses 20 mesh sieves, standby；By the most abundant to biogas residue, vermiculite, garden mould, plant ash
It is mixed evenly to prepare Nutrition Soil；First adding water before using, it is wet to mix, and Nutrition Soil water content is 60%, i.e. hand is pinched agglomerating,
Put down in the state scattered；
4) filling Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: mix wet Nutrition Soil by adding water and load nutrient bag, first filling 1/4 expires,
Be then placed in composite fertilizer 5 grams, be further continued for load Nutrition Soil suppression tamp, Nutrition Soil from sack 1-2cm,
Conveniently watering, be closely placed in together by nutrient bag, surrounding earth or fragment of brick are crowded around, and prevent personnel from walking about
Nutrient bag on limit is knocked down, and plays the effect of water conservation；
5) planting seed pre-treatment: sweet photo seed is soaked 30 minutes with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and constantly
Stirring, makes seed be fully contacted the concentrated sulfuric acid, is poured out by the concentrated sulfuric acid and is rinsed more than 3 times by seed with running water,
Ensureing to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, then proceed to soak in 50-55 DEG C of warm water, immersion limit, limit is stirred, and makes seed be heated
Uniformly, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minute, stops stirring, seed is proceeded to 25% carbendazim wettable
In 250 times of liquid of pulvis, continue to soak 5-10 minute, take out seed distilled water and clean, proceed in culture dish,
Adding distilled water, distilled water is advisable with just submergence seed, is built by the lid of culture dish, puts into illumination training
Support illumination cultivation in case to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed, add up germination percentage；
6) sowing: before sowing, water of first nutrient bag installing Nutrition Soil being drenched, in the middle of nutrient bag, use little wood
A hole deep for 1.5cm made a call to by rod or tweezers, selects the seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and enters in hole, notes root down,
Then covering the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm above, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out to be mended again
Kind, then cover mulch film, heat and moisture preserving.
7) daily management: check the situation of emerging every day, selects after neat seedling at dusk or the cloudy day takes off film, vertical after taking off film
I.e. water the most permeable, if it is the strongest to take off several days sun after film, then need lid sunshade net to carry out hardening, anti-
Only it is exposed to the sun；Need not water before typically taking off film, after taking off film, early stage waters a water for 3 days, and Later growth waters for 7 days
Water；After Qi Miao 3-5 days, execute nursery by the amount of 15g/150 grain seed fertile, executed disposable fertilizer every 7 days；
After sowing 30-40 days, treat that seedling grows to 8-10cm, 6-8 sheet leaf and can transplant.
Embodiment 2
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, concretely comprises the following steps:
1) seedbed is selected: select vacant lot smooth, leeward, that on the sunny side, conveniently manage as putting nutrient bag
Seedbed；
2) nutrient bag: select black plastic nutrient bag, have aperture bottom nutrient bag, need not transplanting land for growing field crops
In the case of, select the nutrient bag of bigger specification, provide enough growing spaces for sweet potato root tuber, it is ensured that energy
Enough fully reflection sweet potato potato shape features；
3) Nutrition Soil: (crop material, cow dung, pig manure etc. are gained after methane-generating pit ferments, and mainly becomes for biogas residue
It is divided into organic matter and humus etc.) dry, pulverize, cross 20 mesh sieves, standby；Fertile garden mould, goes removal of impurities
Thing, dries, and pulverizes, and crosses 20 mesh sieves, standby；By biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: the weight of plant ash=6:2:20:1
Than preparation, after above-mentioned material is the most fully mixed, with 121 DEG C of sterilizings of high-pressure sterilizing pot 40 minutes, fill
Divide and kill germ, worm's ovum, weed seed etc.；First adding water before using, it is wet to mix, and Nutrition Soil water content is 60%,
I.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, puts down in the state scattered；
4) filling Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: mix wet Nutrition Soil by adding water and load nutrient bag, first filling 1/4 expires,
It is then placed in composite fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13) 5 grams, it is further continued for loading Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps, battalion
Support native from sack 1-2cm, conveniently water；Nutrient bag is closely placed in together, surrounding earth or
Fragment of brick is crowded around, and prevents personnel from walking about the nutrient bag on limit and knocks down, and plays the effect of water conservation；
5) planting seed pre-treatment: sweet photo seed is soaked 30 minutes with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and constantly
Stirring, makes seed be fully contacted the concentrated sulfuric acid, is poured out by the concentrated sulfuric acid and is rinsed more than 3 times by seed with running water,
Ensureing to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, then proceed to soak in 50-55 DEG C of warm water, immersion limit, limit is stirred, and makes seed be heated
Uniformly, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minute, stops stirring, seed is proceeded to 25% carbendazim wettable
In 250 times of liquid of pulvis, continue to soak 5-10 minute, take out seed distilled water and clean, proceed in culture dish,
Adding distilled water, distilled water is advisable with just submergence seed, is built by the lid of culture dish, puts into 25 DEG C of light
According to illumination cultivation 48h in incubator, every 24h changes a water, cultivates and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to seed, adds up germination percentage；
6) sowing: before sowing, water of first nutrient bag installing Nutrition Soil being drenched, in the middle of nutrient bag, use little wood
A hole deep for 1.5cm made a call to by rod or tweezers, selects the seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and enters in hole, notes root down,
Then covering the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm above, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out to be mended again
Kind, then cover mulch film, heat and moisture preserving；
7) daily management: check the situation of emerging every day, selects after neat seedling at dusk or the cloudy day takes off film, vertical after taking off film
I.e. water the most permeable, if it is the strongest to take off several days sun after film, then need lid sunshade net to carry out hardening, anti-
Only it is exposed to the sun；Need not water before typically taking off film, after taking off film, early stage waters a water for 3 days, and Later growth waters for 7 days
Water；After Qi Miao 3-5 days, execute nursery by the amount of 15g/150 grain seed fertile, executed disposable fertilizer every 7 days,
Described nursery fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2The composite fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen concentration controls at 300mg/L, by nursery
Fertilizer is dissolved in water, is poured onto in nutrient bag with water；After sowing 30-40 days, treat that seedling grows to 8-10cm, 6-8
Sheet leaf can be transplanted.
Experimental analysis
Carrying out nutritional bag and conventional seedbed system test on September 3rd, 2015, specific embodiments is as follows:
(1) seed pre-sowing treatment: on September 3rd, 2015, carries out sweet photo seed and broadcasts front vernalization process,
Choose the true seed 450 of cross combination 1510, load in beaker, soak 30 with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid
Minute, and be stirred continuously, make seed be fully contacted the concentrated sulfuric acid, the most first 10 minutes, need to be sufficiently stirred for,
All seeds are made to be fully contacted with the concentrated sulfuric acid, the cuticula that corrosion the surface of the seed is hard, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out also
With running water, seed is rinsed more than 3 times, it is ensured that remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid；Then proceed to 55-60 DEG C of warm water soaks
Bubble, immersion limit, limit is stirred, is made seed be heated evenly, and when temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minute, stops stirring,
Seed is proceeded in 250 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, continue to soak 5-10 minute, take out seed
Clean with distilled water, proceed to culture dish (is divided into 3 groups, often group 150), add distilled water, with just
Submergence seed is advisable, and closes the lid and is placed in illumination cultivation in 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, within 12 hours, changes a water,
After 24-48 hour, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow；Germination percentage is added up in 24h and 48h.
(2) nutrient bag sowing: on September 6th, 2015, being watered by seedling medium, it is wet to mix, it is then charged into 10 ×
In the nutrient bag of 12cm specification, first fill 1/4, put into 5 grams of composite fertilizers, refill Nutrition Soil suppression and tamp to bag
Mouth 1-2cm, then by horizontally-arranged 5, on 10 close-packed arrays of vertical setting of types to the vacant lot chosen, puts 3 rows side by side
(be 3 repetitions, often repeat 50, each repetition selects 50 grain germination seeds), between adjacent two rows
Interval 30cm, facilitates finishing operations to manage, and surrounding is crowded around with little square brick, then waters permeable；It is unified in tweezers
Making a call to the pitting of a deep about 1.5cm in the middle of nutrient bag, the healthy Seed Points then selecting germination is multicast in pitting,
Note root down, 1 seed of each nutrient bag kind, above seed, then cover the thick Nutrition Soil of about 1cm,
Compacting, waters permeable, covers film, heat and moisture preserving；Film requires that one side soil pressure is real, and other three with little
Brick is pushed down, and conveniently takes off film and checks the situation of emerging.
(3) seeding in nursery bed: on September 6th, 2015, carry out seedbed nursery on the same day, first build seedbed, seedbed
Size is long 100cm, wide 80cm, high 15cm, plot is first ploughed deeply leveling, does not stay soil block, by the use of nutrient bag
Fertile amount is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground, then spreads one layer of seedling medium high for 5cm on fertilizer, waters permeable；
Seedbed is uniformly divided into 3 fritters, first with tweezers, seedbed is marked the ditch of a deep about 1.5cm, then will
The seed germinateed is evenly arranged in ditch, then covers substrate soil, floating, then waters a water, if 3 weights
Multiple, often repeat to select 50 grain germination seeds；Curve arch with fine bamboo strip after having sowed and be inserted into both sides, seedbed, so
After spread film, build up Small plastic shed.
(4) film is taken off: after planting observe every day and add up number of emerging, performing record；On September 11st, 2015,
Two kinds of seedling raising manners seedlings the most together, took off covering the film above nutrient bag at dusk the same day, and watered one
Secondary permeable, because the following days is continuous rainy weather, therefore without lid sunshade net；Run into burning sun to be exposed to the sun sky
Gas, sunshade net to be covered, hardening can throw off sunshade net after 7 days；Film above seedbed nursery shed
Do not take off.
(5) fertilising: on September 15th, 2015, it is fertile that nursery is executed in unification for the first time, nutritional bag and seedbed
Nursery claims 15g composite fertilizer (N:P respectively2O5:K2O=20:7:13) being dissolved in 1000ml water, nitrogen concentration controls
At 300mg/L, uniformly it is poured onto on seedling, is spaced unification in 7 days and executes a fertilizer as stated above.
(6) management: watering depending on soil moisture situation, nutritional bag mode, fair weather waters in about 3 days
Secondary water, the cloudy day can extend within 7 days, water a water；Seedbed seedling raising manners can water substantially, every time with
The water that fertilising is watered can ensure that seedbed moistens, and after growing into 20 days, the morning and afternoon suitably to open
The film at shed two ends, seedbed carries out hardening, restraining the growth of seedlings.
(7) sampling statistics: after planting 30 days, on October 6th, 1, often process every repeated sampling
10 strains, measure root length, plant height, radical, the leaf length of maximum leaf and leaf width, root fresh weight, cauline leaf fresh weight, root
Dry weight, cauline leaf dry weight also calculate root/shoot ratio=root fresh weight/cauline leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight ratio=root fresh weight/whole strain fresh weight
× 100 and seedling vigorous index=(stem thick/plant height) × complete stool dry weights.
(8) interpretation of result
Through statistics, the concrete germination percentage statistical conditions of the sweet photo seed of dense sulfuric acid treatment are shown in Table 1.
The germination percentage of table 1 dense sulfuric acid treatment sweet photo seed
As seen from Table 1, the sweet photo seed of dense sulfuric acid treatment has higher germination percentage, mean germination
Rate reaches 92.55%, if not the problem of seed itself, performs in strict accordance with Seeds preprocess step operation,
Germination percentage is up to 100%.
Different seedling raising manners sweet photo seeding ratio situations are shown in Table 2.
The different seedling raising manners sweet photo seeding ratio of table 2
As shown in Table 2, although nutritional bag mode speed of emergence does not has seedbed seedling raising manners fast, Qi Miaoshi
Between be 5 days, than seedbed nursery late 1 day, but nutritional bag emergence rate is higher than seedbed nursery, reaches 99.33%,
Only 1 seed is not emerged.
The biological character statistics of different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings is shown in Table 3.
The biological character of the different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedling of table 3
Note: " ± " numeral number below is standard deviation, lowercase represents the significant difference of 5% level, and capitalization represents the most notable of 1% level
Difference.
As shown in Table 3, nutrient bag, because being grown under natural environmental condition, does not has seedbed seedling raising manners to create
Hot and humid condition, therefore growth is relatively slow, but stem rough error is different inconspicuous, and particularly its interval is the shortest, symbol
Close standard in strong sprout, and seedbed nursery is because hot and humid environment, grows too fast, easily causes lodging, nutrition
The bag root length of seedling raising manners, radical and maximum leaf length and width product respectively higher by 114.83% than seedbed seedling raising manners,
44.68% and 52.85%, difference all reaches notable, illustrate nutritional bag mode well developed root system, stem stalk sturdy,
Leaf area is big, more meets requirement in strong sprout.
The biomass statistics situation of different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings is shown in Table 4.
The biomass of the different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedling of table 4
Note: " ± " numeral number below is standard deviation, lowercase represents the significant difference of 5% level, and capitalization represents the most notable of 1% level
Difference.
As shown in Table 4, two kinds of seedling raising manners cauline leaf fresh weights and whole strain fresh weight difference are inconspicuous, and nutrient bag seedling
Root fresh weight, root fresh weight ratio and whole strain dry matter content respectively than seedbed height of seedling 254.57%, 269.88% and
29.57%, difference respectively reaches significantly, significantly and extremely notable, illustrates that nutrient bag seedling is not only at biology
Showing the feature of well developed root system on shape, the advantage that shows on biomass becomes apparent from.
Root/shoot ratio reflects the correlation of plant shoot and underground part, and at crops seedling stage, big root/shoot ratio has
Being beneficial to Root Absorption nutrient, create good condition of nourishing and growing, seedling vigorous index can react the most objectively
The upgrowth situation of seedling and quality, generally, its value is the biggest, and seedling quality is the best.As it is shown in figure 5,
The root/shoot ratio of nutrient bag seedling and seedling vigorous index are respectively 0.14 and 0.0118, respectively than seedbed nursery big 71.43%
With 70.34%, difference all reaches the pole level of signifiance, absolutely prove nutrient bag seedling well developed root system, internode sturdy,
Seedling quality is significantly better than seedbed seedling.
Fig. 1-4 is real shooting photo during seedling growth test, as it is shown in figure 1, the reality that nutritional bag mode is cultivated
Raw seedling growth neat and consistent, internode are short and sturdy, without disease pest and weed；As in figure 2 it is shown, seedbed method for culturing seedlings
Seedbed on weeds more, seedling growth is irregular, and base portion occurs that buckling phenomenon, leaf have and gnawed by insect
Bite phenomenon；As it is shown on figure 3, to be nutritional bag actual on the left side when transplanting, band Nutrition Soil is transplanted, during transplanting
Directly seedling and Nutrition Soil can be poured out, or be torn by nutrient bag, centre is real after taking-up from nutrient bag
Raw seedling band soil situation, the right is seedbed nursery seedling band soil situation after seedbed is taken out, and the two compares discovery,
It is short and lack that seedbed seedling raising manners is educated the shoot root that grows directly from seeds, and substantially without soil, and nutritional bag mode is educated and grown directly from seeds
Shoot root system head and intensive, relatively more flourishing, band soil is more；As shown in Figure 4, nutritional bag mode cultivates reality
Raw seedling internode tubbiness is healthy and strong, and blade is intensive and relatively big, root system length and intensive and more flourishing, seedbed nursery side
It is longer that formula cultivates seedling internode, and basal part of stem has bending, and blade is sparse and less, and root system is short and sparse.
There is one layer of hard cuticula outside Sweet potato seeds seed coat, the most seldom can germinate.Traditional battalion
Supporting bag nursery is to combine (such as the tobacco) that seedbed nursery is carried out, and is first germinateed by planting seed on moistening seedbed,
Treat that seedling length, to 2-3cm, is transplanted in nutrient bag, and above nutrient bag, shed to be set up ensures humidity and temperature
Degree, such guarantee seedling is neat, Miao Zhuan, growth are consistent, but operation is more, takes a lot of work, time-consuming.And this
Invention first uses 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to soak sweet photo seed 30 minutes, the hard cuticula of corrosion the surface of the seed,
Then through warm water and chemicals treatment, the most fully water suction, breaks sweet photo seed dormancy, treats that it germinates
After, the chitting piece bunch plating selecting health enters in nutrient bag, and cover film, emerges to it, then selects
Select covering shade net after suitable weather is taken off film or taken off film and carry out hardening, it is ensured that true seed 100% is emerged,
Seedling.
Sweet potato, in Production of Large Fields, typically uses cottage propagation, and whether seedbed nursery or floating seedlings are equal
Sweet potato seedling grows to meet that to cut more than the 20cm that seedling requires long not to have enough spaces to ensure, and nutrient bag
Nursery then can meet sweet potato different cut seedling requirement, both can treat that it long just cut transplantation of seedlings to 20cm, it is possible to
To treat that it is long the most longer, once cutting multistage seedling, the part stayed after cutting seedling can also continue to numerous seedling.Nutrient bag
This characteristic of nursery is for having the biggest advantage with the Sweetpotato seed selection of cottage propagation, whereby
Can realize many strains breeding of a strain seedling, many places are screened, and many seasons screen, and are remarkably improved breeding
Efficiency, shortens breeding process.
The present invention uses by biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: the Nutrition Soil of the weight ratio preparation of plant ash=6:2:20:1,
Fully after mixing, with 121 DEG C of sterilizings of high-pressure sterilizing pot 40 minutes, fully kill germ, worm's ovum, ruderal species
Sons etc., can avoid the generation of disease pest and weed to greatest extent, this Nutrition Soil well-formed, physicochemical property be good,
Nutritious, rich in potash fertilizer, it is especially suitable for the growth of sweet potato seedling, and is a large amount of biogas residue in rural area
Utilization provides a new way.
The present invention uses proportioning to be N:P2O5:K2It is fertile that nursery is done by the high nitrogen and potassium composite fertilizer of O=20:7:13, both protected
Having demonstrate,proved the fast-growth demand fertile to N in seedling stage, high potassium content can increase the resistance of seedling, resistant to lodging
Property, taken into account the demand of phosphate fertilizer simultaneously.And, the present invention is first by molten for the ratio of fertile for nursery 15g/L in proportion
Solution, in water, is poured onto after stirring in nutrient bag, it is possible to ensure that sweet potato seedling growth is neat, consistent.
The educated sweet potato seedling of the present invention can directly be transplanted to land for growing field crops as other crops, do not fall soil,
Not hindering root, acquired environment is adaptable, it is possible to ensure higher survival rate；Can also carry out cutting seedling breeding,
It is made without secondary to cultivate, saves seedling raise period；Directly can also cultivate in nutrient bag to tying potato, receive
Obtain evaluation, save the program of field-transplanting, more saving of labor, save time, convenient, economical.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above and accompanying drawing only in order to technical scheme to be described rather than
Limit, although the present invention being described in detail by above preferred embodiment, but this area skill
Art personnel should be appreciated that and in the form and details it can be made various change, without departing from
Claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (6)
1. a sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, it is characterised in that: concretely comprise the following steps:
1) seedbed is selected: select vacant lot smooth, leeward, that on the sunny side, conveniently manage as the seedbed putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: select black plastic nutrient bag；
3) Nutrition Soil: biogas residue is dried, pulverizes, crossed 20 mesh sieves, standby；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, shines
Dry, pulverize, cross 20 mesh sieves, standby；Biogas residue, vermiculite, garden mould, plant ash are hybridly prepared into Nutrition Soil；
First adding water before using, it is wet to mix, and Nutrition Soil water content is 60%, i.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, puts down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: mix wet Nutrition Soil by adding water and load nutrient bag, first fill 1/4 full, so
After put into composite fertilizer 5 grams, be further continued for load Nutrition Soil suppression tamp, Nutrition Soil from sack 1-2cm,
Closely being placed in together by nutrient bag, surrounding earth or fragment of brick are crowded around；
5) planting seed pre-treatment: sweet photo seed is soaked 30 minutes with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and is stirred continuously,
Make seed be fully contacted the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid poured out and with running water, seed is rinsed more than 3 times, it is ensured that
Remaining without the concentrated sulfuric acid, then proceed to soak in 50-55 DEG C of warm water, this process lasts stirs, and makes seed be heated
Uniformly, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minute, stops stirring, seed is proceeded to 25% carbendazim wettable
In 250 times of liquid of pulvis, continue to soak 5-10 minute, take out seed distilled water and clean, proceed in culture dish,
Adding distilled water, distilled water is advisable with just submergence seed, is built by the lid of culture dish, puts into illumination training
Support illumination cultivation in case；
6) sowing: before sowing, water of first nutrient bag installing Nutrition Soil being drenched, in the middle of nutrient bag with small wooden or
A hole deep for 1.5cm made a call to by tweezers, selects the seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and enters in hole, notes root down, then
Covering the thick Nutrition Soil of 1cm above, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out to be reseeded again,
Then mulch film, heat and moisture preserving are covered；
7) daily management: check the situation of emerging every day, selects after neat seedling at dusk or the cloudy day takes off film, water immediately after taking off film
The most permeable, after film removes, practice seedling 5-7 days according to weather Shading net covering；Need not water before taking off film
Water, after taking off film, early stage waters a water for 3 days, and Later growth waters a water for 7 days；After Qi Miao 3-5 days, by 15g/150
It is fertile that the amount of grain seed executes nursery, executed disposable fertilizer every 7 days；After sowing 30-40 days, treat that seedling grows to 8-10cm,
6-8 sheet leaf can be transplanted.
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Rapid 2), in, need to cut transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops and carry out the nutrient bag of the numerous selection relatively small dimension of strain expansion, need directly exist
Seedling bag grows and carries out the nutrient bag of the bigger specification of selection of strain seed selection.
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Rapid 3) in, Nutrition Soil is by biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: the weight ratio preparation of plant ash=6:2:20:1, uses high pressure
Autoclave, in 121 DEG C of sterilizings 40 minutes, fully kills germ, worm's ovum, weed seed.
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Rapid 4), in, described composite fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13.
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Rapid 5) in, sweet photo seed is 25 DEG C of illumination cultivation 48h in illumination box, and 24h changes a water.
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Rapid 7), in, described nursery fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2The composite fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen concentration controls at 300mg/L,
Nursery fertilizer is dissolved in water, is poured onto in nutrient bag with water.
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