CN102369829A

CN102369829A - Method for raising seedlings of purple sweet potatoes

Info

Publication number: CN102369829A
Application number: CN2010102532813A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王兴祥; 孙展男; 周静
Original assignee: Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Priority date: 2010-08-10
Filing date: 2010-08-10
Publication date: 2012-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-10
Also published as: CN102369829B

Abstract

The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of purple sweet potatoes. The method is implemented by using double-plastic-film and cold bed greenhouses, so that an effect of raising seedlings timely, raising enough seedlings and raising strong seedlings can be achieved, thereby greatly reducing the cost of seedling raising; and meanwhile, the method is also implemented by using a seedling exercising technique so as to improve the quality of potato seedlings and the survival rate of transplanted potato seedlings. Compared with methods for raising seedlings through electrical heating or coal heating, the production cost is reduced by 30%; compared with techniques for raising seedlings by using small-and-medium-sized single-plastic-film and cold bed greenhouses, the date of seedling emergence is advanced by 7-10 days, and the seedling emergence rate is increased by 25%; and compared with traditional seedling raising methods, the benefits can be increased by about 30%.

Description

A kind of purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method

Technical field

The present invention relates to botanical seedling culturing breeding and culture technique field.Relate in particular to a kind of purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method.

Background technology

Purple sweet potato is because it is rich in one type of health substance to human nutrition such as anthocyan, and extremely people pay close attention to, and can eat raw, extracts pigment, processes full powder, process leisure food, and the market demand is vigorous, and planting benefit is higher.It is the primary link that purple sweet potato produces that purple sweet potato is grown seedlings, and only cultivates seedling and could guarantee to plant in good time.Sufficient potato seedling has been arranged, could guarantee cultivated area and suitable density.Have only strong potato seedling, could guarantee high yield.Common seedling growing process has two kinds at present, and a kind of seedlings canopy is cultivated, this method electricity consumption or coal heating, fertilizer fermentation heating; The complex manufacturing, cost of growing seedlings is high; Another kind of is that the little middle canopy of cold bed is grown seedlings, and this method is emerged slowly, output of seedling is few, is difficult to satisfy peasant household's demand.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention be exactly to above-mentioned situation provide that a kind of technology is simple, cost is low, fast, the many purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method of emerging of emerging.

The object of the invention can be realized through following scheme: a kind of purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method, and concrete steps are following:

1, puts in order ground to choosing

Select leeward facing south, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil is porous, and the nearly 3 years gutless plot of crossing the potato class, execute farm organic fertilizer 45000-60000kg/hm winter ², plough deeply one time, at preceding 10 days sealing fertilizer (N: P: the K ratio is 15: 15: the 15) 2250kg/hm that grow seedlings ²Rotary tillage leveling is made and is done the wide low bank of earth between fields of 25cm rice between the wide furrow of 1m, furrow and the furrow, treads, and is convenient to management and collects seedling, and loosening the soil climb to the ridge in the middle of the furrow (is used to cover potato seed) after the seeding, and furrow length decide according to the plot, generally about 30m.

2, build the canopy overlay film

The wide 5m of canopy, high 2.5m makees the 4 furrow bed of growing seedlings in the canopy, and frame is processed with cement, reinforcing bar or is put up the boron frame with bamboo plate, depressed semicircle shape, cross fixation in length and breadth.The canopy film is selected for use the long-lived nothing of 0.065mm to drip a film and is advisable the wide 8m of film.Film external application canopy line is fixed, and advances booth at purple potato and builds film in preceding 5 days, in order to improving soil temperature in the canopy.

3, seed selection vernalization

Grow seedlings preceding 1 week, select single heavy 100-150g, do not have breakage, scab, mildew and rot potato seed, in cellar or cellar for storing things, room, adopt high temperature vernalization, to eye show money or valuables one carries unintentionally (store interior temperature and rise to about 35 ℃ about 4-5 of time days).Use before the seeding through the 50% carbendazol seed soaking potato of 300-400 times of warm water dilution 5 minutes, pick up and dry, get into seeding in the canopy, can effectively control the generation of purple sweet potato black rot.

4, science seeding

Generally 35-40 row potato is advisable before planting, and area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is the best seeding phase at the beginning of late Febuary to 3 month, and the seeding method is good with flat raft, potato block gap 1cm; The potato seed head is evenly distributed the potato seedling all to a direction, and seeding is suitable shallow; The above potato seed of 100g is generally 3cm, and the general 1.5cm of the following potato seed of 100g makes potato seed smooth one-tenth plane on furrow; Water after the seeding permeable 1 time,, be advisable cannot see potato seed in the potato seed about earthing 1cm.On soil, cover the thick ridge chaff ash of one deck 0.3-0.5cm again, be convenient to heating and heat preservation, cover 0.004mm heavy back film at last, compacting all around, compacting in evening horticultural covering film two ends.Add the lid layer straw mat on the mulch film, open daytime and take away straw mat.

5, seedbed management and cut seedling

Generally through about 25 days, come up after the seeding.When reaching 60-70%, note temperature control, open mulch film daytime, in case high temperature burns seedling when coming up; Cover back at dusk the mulch film insulation, in order to avoid nighttime temperature drops to 12 ℃ of following frostbite seedling.When seedling grows to 5-6 sheet leaf, when reaching 20cm, to open height of seedling canopy film two ends, and aeration-cooling, restrain the growth of seedlings and refine seedling, generally do not topdress after cutting seedling for the first time, only need suitably water low amounts of water just.Cut seedling later at every turn and stopped to water in preceding 4 days, suppress the growth of potato seedling, cultivate strong sprout.Cut seedling from cutting for the second time behind the seedling at every turn, need impose 150kg/hm ²Urea or water dilution after night soil, natural pond liquid, and water immediately, in case burn seedling.To being exposed to outer potato seed coverings of will in time earthing up, urge it and root, when growing to 7-8 sheet leaf, just cuts seedling seedling, not so can influence the quality and quantity of potato seedling.Under the normal weather, can cut seedling one time, and irrigate primary water after cutting in general 7 days.If fine temperature of shed will start the booth two ends when surpassing 40 ℃, make its ventilation, prevent to burn seedling.Will take off film refining seedling in preceding 3 days cutting seedling at every turn, make it adapt to the land for growing field crops weather, cut shoot survival percent behind the refining seedling, growth rate all is higher than the potato seedling 20% that does not refine seedling, and whole nursery stage generally can be cut seedling 7-8 time.

The present invention heats the production cost reduction by 30% of growing seedlings than electricity consumption or coal, emerges 7-10 days than the propagating seeding in cold frame of middle hut monofilm is early, has more seedling 25%, and benefit increases about 30% than traditional seedling-cultivating method.

Claims

1. purple sweet potato seedling-cultivating method, its concrete steps are following:

(1) puts in order ground to choosing

Select leeward facing south, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil is porous, and the nearly 3 years gutless plot of crossing the potato class, execute farm organic fertilizer 45000-60000kg/hm winter ², plough deeply one time, at preceding 10 days sealing fertilizer (N: P: the K ratio is 15: 15: the 15) 2250kg/hm that grow seedlings ², the rotary tillage leveling is made and is done the wide low bank of earth between fields of 25cm rice between the wide furrow of 1m, furrow and the furrow, treads, and loosening the soil in the middle of the furrow climbed on the ridge, and furrow length is decided according to the plot, about general 30m;

(2) build the canopy overlay film

The wide 5m of canopy, high 2.5m makees the 4 furrow bed of growing seedlings in the canopy, and frame is processed with cement, reinforcing bar or is put up the boron frame with bamboo plate; Depressed semicircle shape, cross fixation in length and breadth, the canopy film selects that 0.065mm is long-lived not to be had the film of dripping and be advisable for use; The wide 8m of film, film external application canopy line is fixed, and advances booth at purple potato and builds film in preceding 5 days;

(3) seed selection vernalization

Grow seedlings preceding 1 week, select single heavy 100-150g, do not have breakage, scab, mildew and rot potato seed; In cellar or room cellar for storing things, adopt high temperature vernalization, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally to eye, use before the seeding through soak seed potato 5 minutes of 50% carbendazol of 300-400 times of warm water dilution; Pick up and dry, get into seeding in the canopy;

(4) science seeding

Generally 35-40 days row's potatos are advisable before planting, and area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is the best seeding phase at the beginning of late Febuary to 3 month, and the seeding method is good with flat raft, potato block gap 1cm; The potato seed head is evenly distributed the potato seedling all to a direction, and seeding is suitable shallow, and the above potato seed of 100g is generally 3cm; The general 1.5cm of the following potato seed of 100g makes potato seed smooth one-tenth plane on furrow, waters after the seeding permeable 1 time, in the potato seed about earthing 1cm; Be advisable cannot see potato seed, on soil, cover the thick ridge chaff ash of one deck 0.3-0.5cm again, cover 0.004mm heavy back film at last, compacting all around; Compacting in evening horticultural covering film two ends add the lid layer straw mat on the mulch film, open daytime and take away straw mat;

(5) seedbed management with cut seedling

Generally through about 25 days, come up after the seeding, when reaching 60-70%, note temperature control, open mulch film daytime, in case high temperature burns seedling when coming up; Cover back at dusk the mulch film insulation,,, will open canopy film two ends when height of seedling reaches 20cm when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet leaf in order to avoid nighttime temperature drops to 12 ℃ of following frostbite seedling; Aeration-cooling, restrain the growth of seedlings and refine seedling, generally do not topdress after cutting seedling for the first time; Only need suitably water low amounts of water just, cut seedling later at every turn and stopped to water in preceding 4 days, suppress the growth of potato seedling; Cultivate strong sprout, cut seedling behind the seedling at every turn, need impose 150kg/hm from cutting for the second time ²Urea or water dilution after night soil, natural pond liquid, and water immediately, to being exposed to the outer potato seed covering of will in time earthing up; Short its roots, and just cuts seedling when seedling grows to 7-8 sheet leaf, under the normal weather; Can cut seedling one time in general 7 days, and irrigate primary water after cutting, if fine temperature of shed will start the booth two ends when surpassing 40 ℃; Make its ventilation, will take off film refining seedling in preceding 3 days cutting seedling at every turn, whole nursery stage generally can be cut seedling 7-8 time.