CN105340542A - Cultivation technology of tenderized celeries and special-purpose light-scattering, cooling and thermal-radiating regulation film thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides cultivation technology of tenderized celeries and a special-purpose light-scattering, cooling and thermal-radiating regulation film thereof. The cultivation technology comprises following steps of fixed plantation, breaking harvest and management and film mulching. The film mulching step is performed in such a manner that temperature is stabilized within the range from 15 to 20 DEG C under control; and after film mulching, ventilation holes are arranged on either side of a vegetable bed at every interval of 1.5 meters; and ventilation pipes are arranged at the ventilation holes. The step of fixed plantation is performed in such a way that the row space is kept at 15 centimeters, plant space is kept within the range of 10 and 20 centimeters and about 40 to 45 thousands celeries are planted per mu. The film-mulching step is performed by adopting the light-scattering, cooling and thermal-radiating regulation film to sunlight coverage rate of 99% and keeping temperature in a greenhouse within the range from 15 to 20 DEG C under control.Tenderized celeries planted by utilizing a method of the invention are great in proportion of celery tenderization and in quality.

Description

A kind of tenderization celery culture technique and special astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of celery culture technique, be specifically related to a kind of tenderization celery culture technique and special astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film thereof, belong to agricultural technology field.

Background technology

Celery, belonging to samphire, is 2 years raw herbaceous plant.At present, countries in the world are generally cultivated, and are a kind of Vegetables.

Celery is rich in protein, carbohydrate, carotin, B family vitamin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium etc., and the micronutrient levelss such as Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr, Co and Cd are high, be a kind of nutritious edible vegetable, be more considered to the natural plants of supplementary body trace element.

Be rich in apiolin in celery, apiolin can suppress the carcinogenic activity of carcinogen.

China's celery cultivated area, output are all very large, are also important consumption markets.Celery is because of autologous tissue's architectural characteristic, and water content is higher, the crisp frangibility of stem, therefore usually needs tenderization to cultivate in the course of cultivation.Agriculturally conventional celery tenderization and yellow cultivation step are mainly: natural tenderization, coaming plate tenderization, the tenderization of folder bamboo, mound tenderization.

Celery, as the higher vegetable crop of water content, requires relatively stricter to the planting environment in later stage, by traditional culture technique, while a large amount of manpower and materials of cost, only can play partial action, have impact on production efficiency and economic benefit.The quality common celery relative to price of tenderization celery is relatively high, improves ratio and the quality of tenderization celery, can be larger increase economic efficiency.

There is following defect in the technology of existing plantation tenderization celery tenderization: (1) celery tenderization ratio is low, and the celery quality of plantation is not high yet; (2) damage by disease and insect incidence is higher, has a strong impact on the quality and yield of celery, and celery growth speed is comparatively slow, and output is lower; (3) during tenderization growth, uncontrollable temperature stabilization, sunlight hiding rare is not high yet; (4) process is loaded down with trivial details, and the amount of labour is large, and pole is taken manually.

Summary of the invention

The problem to be solved in the present invention is for above deficiency, provides a kind of tenderization celery culture technique and special astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film thereof, realizes following goal of the invention:

1, the tenderization ratio of celery is made to reach more than 95%;

2, improve the quality of tenderization celery, make the commodity rate of tenderization celery bring up to more than 95%;

3, reduce damage by disease and insect incidence, improve the output of tenderization celery;

4, control celery growth environment, make canopy interior environment temperature remain on 15 ~ 20 DEG C;

5, use astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film to carry out celery tenderization cultivation, make sunlight hiding rare reach 99%;

6, simplify production process, reduce labour intensity.

for achieving the above object, by the following technical solutions:

A kind of tenderization celery culture technique, comprises field planting, breaks off and receive rear management, overlay film step.

Below the further improvement to technique scheme:

Described overlay film step: built on small sections of a vegetable plot, overlay film, control temperature is stabilized in 15 ~ 20 DEG C.

Described overlay film step: described film: be astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film, its sunlight hiding rare is 99%.

Described overlay film step: after overlay film, both sides, small sections of a vegetable plot are provided with 1 ventilation hole every 1.5 meters, and ventilation hole place is provided with breather pipe.

Described field planting step: field planting line-spacing is 15 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 10 ~ 12 centimetres, and mu plants 4-4.5 ten thousand.

Described field planting step:

Before field planting, every mu applies: Chicken dung 1500 ~ 2000 kilograms, rice husk excrement 6m ³, special dregs of a decoction matrix 3m ³, diammonium phosphate 20 kilograms, superphosphate 20 kilograms, borax 1 kilogram;

Described special dregs of a decoction matrix is: Radix Codonopsis: waxgourd peel: Chloranthus glaber: matrimony vine: the stem of noble dendrobium: castor bean: Artemisia anomala: black snake, mixes with the weight ratio of 1:3:2:5:1:2:1:1, decocts the mixing dregs of a decoction after 3 times.

Described field planting step:

During field planting: height of seedling 10 ~ 15cm, 5 ~ 6 leaves, the depth of planting is 1 ~ 1.5cm.

Described breaking off receives rear management process: breaking off after receiving, every 10 days, be that 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid spray 1 time, or mass percentage is that 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid spray 1 time with mass percentage; Execute urea 10kg for every mu, with mass percentage be 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mass percentage is 0.1% BAS, concentration is the Gibberellins solution of 20 ~ 25mg/kg, spray 2 times.

Described seedbed preparation process: deep ploughing 20cm, makes recessed furrow, furrow long 10 ~ 20m, wide 1.2 ~ 1.3m, and every furrow apply the fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2kg;

Described step of beginning sowing in good time: seeding quantity is 3 ~ 5g/m ², after planting earthing 0.3 ~ 0.5cm;

Described seedling management step: when 3 ~ 4 true leaves, every mu of 10 kilograms of urea, thinning after neat seedling, second time thinning during 2 leaves, spacing 1 ~ 1.5 centimetre, third time thinning during 4 leaves, seedling spacing keeps 3 ~ 5 centimetres, and water capacity should remain on 45% ~ 50%;

Management process after described field planting: after field planting, 3 ~ 4d waters 1 water, connects after watering 2 times and loosens the soil;

After field planting 1 month, execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10 ~ 15kg/667m ², impose 1 time after 10d, connect and impose 2 ~ 3 times;

Described receipts step of breaking off: receipts of breaking off when growing to 5 ~ 6 siphonal lobes, every strain is broken off 1 ~ 2 petiole, receipts of breaking off altogether 3 times.

A kind of special astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film, the parts by weight of raw materials of described astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film is:

Rutile type titanium white 426 parts

LDPE420 part

LLDPE84 part

TPU9 part

Oleamide 13 parts

Cured 27 parts of PE

Far-infared ceramic powder 20 parts

Carbon black 2 parts.

compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has following beneficial effect:

1, adopt the inventive method, planted out tenderization celery, the celery tenderization ratio of planting out is high, quality better; Celery tenderization ratio reaches more than 95%;

2, adopt the inventive method, the commodity rate of tenderization celery reaches more than 95%, and tenderization celery petiole average length is 45cm, and celery, carrot cellulose content is 0.82mg/100g, and celery niacin content is 0.93mg/100g, and celery phosphorus content is 88mg/100g;

3, adopt the inventive method, damage by disease and insect incidence obviously reduces, and celery growth is rapid, and per mu yield is high; Damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 33%, and celery per mu yield is 7800kg, and the celery growth cycle is 55 ~ 60 days;

4, adopt the inventive method, in the celery tenderization stage, effectively reduce temperature and provide dark surrounds, temperature control is stabilized in 15 ~ 20 DEG C, and sunlight hiding rare can reach 99%;

5, adopt the inventive method, enormously simplify manual operation process, labor saving 60 ~ 65%.

Embodiment

embodiment 1 one kinds of tenderization celery culture techniques

1, kind is selected

Select plant tall and big, petiole is solid, and petiole, blade are dark green, and quality is crisp, low temperature resistant, and disease resistance is strong, and the real celery in the Jinan that output is high is as cultivar.

2, seed treatment

Seed treatment is carried out before sowing.

Seed soaking, first soaks 4h with the gibberellin that mass percentage is 0.1%, then uses 20 ~ 30 DEG C of water seed soaking 12h, wash 2 ~ 3 times by rubbing with the hands, then use emerge in worm water 12h, pull out to drench and do; Through 7 ~ 10d, germination rate can reach about 70%.

Vernalization, is zineb 600 times of liquid sprayings of 65% with mass percentage after thin river sand being watered sufficient water, after sterilization, makes its water-holding capacity remain on 45% ~ 50%, soaked seed, admix in thin river sand, husky kind is mixed, is placed in the local vernalization of 15 ~ 25 DEG C.

3, seedbed prepares

Select the soil is porous fertile irrigation and drainage plot easily.

First, deep ploughing about 20cm, after whole thin cultivated plane earth, make recessed furrow, furrow long 10 ~ 20m, wide 1.2 ~ 1.3m, every furrow apply the fertilizer 100kg fully become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2kg, and deeply uproot, and clay fertilizer is mixed.

4, begin sowing in good time

In late July sowing, select the seed gathered in the crops then, seed requires that color and luster is normal, and size is even; Seeding quantity 3 ~ 5g/m ².

Sufficient water is watered in the seedbed of leveling, and after making it permeate, seed is evenly sprinkled into seedbed, earthing 0.3 ~ 0.5cm, and covered with sunshade net, throw off sunshade net after emerging.

5, seedling management

Temperature moisture and fertilizing management is strengthened, nurturing staff in seedling stage.Before insemination and emergence, water with watering can or sprayer, keep damp soil condition, after emerging, take little water duty to water to keep furrow face moistening.

When 3 ~ 4 true leaves, impose urea with water, 10 kilograms every mu.Qi Miaohou removes tufted seedling, feeding-up seedling first, second time thinning during 2 leaves, spacing 1 ~ 1.5 centimetre, third time thinning during 4 leaves, seedling spacing keeps 3 ~ 5 centimetres, in conjunction with artificial weeding during thinning, can water once little hydraulic pressure root after each thinning, not too much, water capacity should remain on 45% ~ 50% to moisture, promote that root growth accelerates, spire breaks up.

6, field planting

Prepare green house.Adopt water-soluble ozone sterilization method, carry out soil disinfection.Before field planting, every mu applies: Chicken dung 1500 ~ 2000 kilograms, rice husk excrement 6m ³, special dregs of a decoction matrix 3m ³, diammonium phosphate 20 kilograms, superphosphate 20 kilograms, borax 1 kilogram.

Described special dregs of a decoction matrix is: Radix Codonopsis: waxgourd peel: Chloranthus glaber: matrimony vine: the stem of noble dendrobium: castor bean: Artemisia anomala: black snake, mixes with the weight ratio of 1:3:2:5:1:2:1:1, decocts the mixing dregs of a decoction after 3 times.

Plough 20 centimetres dark, be growth 10m, the flat furrow of wide 1.2m, and furrow face of raking.

As height of seedling 10 ~ 15cm, field planting during 5 ~ 6 leaf seedling age 60d.Before field planting 1 ~ 2 day, seedbed should be watered once permeable, hinders root to prevent lifting.When getting seedling with main root about 4cm locate sliding trackle or cut off after emerging, by young plant size classification, plant respectively.Resident time is selected in the cloudy day or fine day carries out afternoon.The depth of planting, buried depth 1 ~ 1.5cm.

Plantation density, line-spacing 15 centimetres, spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres, plants 4-4.5 ten thousand for every mu.

7, manage after field planting

Prophase management controls to attach most importance to temperature, daytime 15 ~ 25 DEG C, is not less than 10 DEG C night.

Field planting initial stage temperature is slightly high, and 3 ~ 4d waters 1 water, connects after watering 2 times and loosens the soil.

Execute a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer after slow seedling and carry seedling, after field planting about 1 month, new root young leaves occurs in a large number, starts to enter vigorous period, now executes Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10 ~ 15kg/667m ², impose 1 time after 10d, connect and impose 2 ~ 3 times, pour water in conjunction with fertilising, ensure that root system normally inhales fertile water suction, promote that acrial part is grown up strong and sturdy.

Carry out damage by disease and insect prevention, upper common damage by disease and insect mainly spot blight, spot disease and aphid etc. produced by celery;

Concrete Prevention method is: disease initial stage of origination Te Like 600 ~ 700 times of liquid spray 5 ~ 7d and spray 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times.Period of disease sprays 75% tpn wetting powder, 500 ~ 800 times of liquid, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500 times liquid, 80% Zineb wettable powder 600 times liquid, and 7 ~ 10d sprays 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times.Can mix sawdust 500g with dichlorvos 250 ~ 300g to aphid and be dispersed in number heap in hut arch, light with fire, airtight awning room smokes 1d.Above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.

8, to break off receipts

To break off in time growing to 5 ~ 6 siphonal lobes receipts.Every strain is broken off 1 ~ 2 petiole, 3 petioles of breaking off vigorous especially.Repeat to break off receipts 3 times in whole process of growth.

9, management after receipts of breaking off

Break off after receiving, raise canopy temperature 5 ~ 8 DEG C, promote wound healing and root growth, be incubated after 7 ~ 10 days and return to original normal canopy temperature.After wound healing, root is hindered in intertillage, promotes new root, at root stored nutrient.Water 1 water every 10 ~ 15 days, be beneficial to wound healing; Execute urea 10kg for every mu, spray 2 times by 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% BAS, 20 ~ 25mg/kg Gibberellins solution simultaneously.Break off after receiving, every 10 days, with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times, or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid spray 1 time, prevent and treat spot blight and early blight.Above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.

10, overlay film

When celery seedlings grows to 35 ~ 40cm, enter the tenderization stage.

Intertillage, executes urea 10kg in conjunction with intertillage every mu, promotes that plant tillering, leaf growth are in great numbers.

At small sections of a vegetable plot bonding frame, brandreth height 70cm, wide 1.3m, plug in a brandreth every 1.2m, and every furrow insert 9 brandreths along row direction; Cutting 11.5m astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film, every 3 single width regulation and control film sticks together, and thermal radiation of astigmatism being lowered the temperature regulation and control film covers on brandreth, and surrounding soil pressure is tight.

Described astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film thickness is 80 μm.

1 ventilation hole is stayed every 1.5 meters in both sides, small sections of a vegetable plot; Each ventilation hole place is provided with U-shaped breather pipe, and be communicated with canopy inner air and outer air, be buried in the earth bottom U-shaped breather pipe, one end mouth of pipe is positioned at outside canopy, and the mouth of pipe is 1.1m overhead; The other end mouth of pipe is positioned at inside canopy, and the mouth of pipe is 0.6m overhead.Petiole grows in dark environment.Astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film has good light scattering covering, light absorption hides function, and sunlight hiding rare can reach 99%, effectively reduces temperature of shed, and control temperature is stabilized in 15 ~ 20 DEG C; There is good astigmatism, heat insulation, thermal radiation cooling function.

11, gather

When celery grows to suitable size time, carry out whole strain harvesting according to market conditions, strive for the doulbe-sides' victory reaching output and price.The celery of now gathering is the celery of tenderization.

tenderization celery plantation situation detects:

Adopt the present invention to plant in tenderization celery process, detect plantation situation, testing result is in table 1;

Table 1 tenderization celery plantation situation testing result

From table 1, adopt the inventive method plantation tenderization celery, celery per mu yield is 7800kg, and the celery growth cycle is 55 ~ 60 days, and damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 33%; Petiole average length is 45cm, and celery, carrot cellulose content is 0.82mg/100g, and celery niacin content is 0.93mg/100g, and celery phosphorus content is 88mg/100g.

Through test, adopt the inventive method plantation tenderization celery, celery tenderization ratio reaches more than 95%, and commodity rate reaches more than 95%.

Through test, adopt the inventive method plantation tenderization celery, enormously simplify manual operation process, labor saving 60 ~ 65%.

embodiment 2 one kinds special astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film

In embodiment 1, the composition of raw materials of the astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film that step 10 adopts is:

Formula one:

The parts by weight of raw materials proportioning of described astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film is:

Rutile type titanium white 426 parts

LDPE420 part

LLDPE84 part

TPU9 part

Oleamide 13 parts

Cured 27 parts of PE

Far-infared ceramic powder 20 parts

Carbon black 2 parts

Formula two:

The parts by weight of raw materials proportioning of described astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film is:

LDPE46 part

PVC4 part

Rutile type titanium white 43 parts

2.7 parts, PE wax

Oleamide 1.4 parts

Far-infared ceramic powder 2.7 parts

Carbon black 0.2 part

Formula three:

The parts by weight of raw materials proportioning of described astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film is:

LDPE44 part

EVA7 part

TPU0.8 part

Rutile type titanium white 42 parts

2.7 parts, PE wax

Oleamide 1.3 parts

Far-infared ceramic powder 1.9 parts

Carbon black 0.3 part

Formula four:

The parts by weight of raw materials proportioning of described astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film is:

LDPE43 part

LLDPE8 part

TPU0.9 part

Rutile type titanium white 42 parts

2.7 parts, PE wax

Oleamide 1.2 parts

Far-infared ceramic powder 1.9 parts

Carbon black 0.3 part

Rutile type titanium white in the formula of above-mentioned astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film is: Du Pont titanium dioxide R-103, R-105, R-900, R-931 mix by weight 3:2:2:1.

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a tenderization celery culture technique, is characterized in that: comprise field planting, break off and receive rear management, overlay film step.

2. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described overlay film step: built on small sections of a vegetable plot, overlay film, control temperature is stabilized in 15 ~ 20 DEG C.

3. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described overlay film step: described film: be astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film, its sunlight hiding rare is 99%.

4. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described overlay film step: after overlay film, both sides, small sections of a vegetable plot are provided with 1 ventilation hole every 1.5 meters, and ventilation hole place is provided with breather pipe.

5. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described field planting step: field planting line-spacing is 15 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 10 ~ 12 centimetres, and mu plants 4-4.5 ten thousand.

6. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described field planting step:

Before field planting, every mu applies: Chicken dung 1500 ~ 2000 kilograms, rice husk excrement 6m ³, special dregs of a decoction matrix 3m ³, diammonium phosphate 20 kilograms, superphosphate 20 kilograms, borax 1 kilogram;

Described special dregs of a decoction matrix is: Radix Codonopsis: waxgourd peel: Chloranthus glaber: matrimony vine: the stem of noble dendrobium: castor bean: Artemisia anomala: black snake, mixes with the weight ratio of 1:3:2:5:1:2:1:1, decocts the mixing dregs of a decoction after 3 times.

7. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described field planting step:

During field planting: height of seedling 10 ~ 15cm, 5 ~ 6 leaves, the depth of planting is 1 ~ 1.5cm.

8. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in break off receive after management process: break off receive after, every 10 days, be that 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid spray 1 time with mass percentage, or mass percentage is that 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid spray 1 time; Execute urea 10kg for every mu, with mass percentage be 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mass percentage is 0.1% BAS, concentration is the Gibberellins solution of 20 ~ 25mg/kg, spray 2 times.

9. a kind of tenderization celery culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seedbed preparation process: deep ploughing 20cm, makes recessed furrow, furrow long 10 ~ 20m, wide 1.2 ~ 1.3m, and every furrow apply the fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 2kg;

Described step of beginning sowing in good time: seeding quantity is 3 ~ 5g/m ², after planting earthing 0.3 ~ 0.5cm;

Described seedling management step: when 3 ~ 4 true leaves, every mu of 10 kilograms of urea, thinning after neat seedling, second time thinning during 2 leaves, spacing 1 ~ 1.5 centimetre, third time thinning during 4 leaves, seedling spacing keeps 3 ~ 5 centimetres, and water capacity should remain on 45% ~ 50%;

Management process after described field planting: after field planting, 3 ~ 4d waters 1 water, connects after watering 2 times and loosens the soil;

After field planting 1 month, execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10 ~ 15kg/667m ², impose 1 time after 10d, connect and impose 2 ~ 3 times;

Described receipts step of breaking off: receipts of breaking off when growing to 5 ~ 6 siphonal lobes, every strain is broken off 1 ~ 2 petiole, receipts of breaking off altogether 3 times.

10. a special astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film, is characterized in that: the parts by weight of raw materials of described astigmatism cooling thermal radiation regulation and control film is:

Rutile type titanium white 426 parts

LDPE420 part

LLDPE84 part

TPU9 part

Oleamide 13 parts

Cured 27 parts of PE

Far-infared ceramic powder 20 parts

Carbon black 2 parts.