CN105325159B - A kind of yellow cucumber and its implantation methods and special astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film - Google Patents

A kind of yellow cucumber and its implantation methods and special astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film Download PDF

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CN105325159B
CN105325159B CN201510788670.9A CN201510788670A CN105325159B CN 105325159 B CN105325159 B CN 105325159B CN 201510788670 A CN201510788670 A CN 201510788670A CN 105325159 B CN105325159 B CN 105325159B
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cucumber
implantation methods
parts
seedling
yellow
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CN105325159A (en
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魏永阳
杨晓东
孙继峰
宋银行
谭金霞
徐立功
王林武
袁中科
陈霞
周峰
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Shandong Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
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    • C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of yellow cucumber and its implantation methods and special astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, and the cucumber color is yellow, and core yellow cellulose content is 0.079mg/100g, and pantothenic acid content is 0.38mg/100g.Described implantation methods include set shade bag step, the set shade bag step：Using shade bag made of astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, blow vent is left in bag bottom.Breather pipe is housed, breather pipe is made up of diffusion material at the blow vent of shade bag.Cucumber nutritive value of the present invention is high, in good taste, and ornamental value is high.

Description

A kind of yellow cucumber and its implantation methods and special astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of yellow cucumber and its implantation methods and special astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, belong to agricultural Technical field.
Background technology
Cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）For Curcurbitaceae（Cucurbitaceae）Cucumis（Cucumis L.）1 year This Climbing Plant of sward, be one of global ten big vegetable crops, be the indispensable important vegetable of people's daily life it One, China is maximum in the world cucumber production and country of consumption, it not only has a higher nutritive value, and with necessarily Medical value and beautification function.
The distinctive quality and flavor of cucumber is very popular, is often eaten raw by people as fruit, there is wide market.
With the development of social economy and the raising of living standards of the people, the quality of vegetables variation and vegetables is increasingly by people Paid attention to.People have higher demand to cucumber quality, it is desirable to without Charantin, without bitter taste, mouthfeel is tender and crisp, there have to be strong clear Fragrance, the good cucumber of commodity.At present, understanding of the people to cucumber quality is limited to marketing quality, i.e. exterior quality more, still, Flavor quality is more and more important to the practical significance of people.Cucumber outward appearance and flavor quality have certain sense organ value and certain Biological value, the sense organ that can be stimulated consumer and psychology, make food that the feature of itself be presented, and have very to appetite and digestive system Big influence, or even have an effect on the state of mind of people.With good or peculiar flavour food, can strengthen pleased on people's sense organ Fast degree, and directly affect it and nutriment is digested and assimilated.At present, people are ever-increasing to vegetable flavor quality Demand and the contradiction ratio that production and research relatively lag behind are more prominent.
Improving the approach of cucumber quality mainly has two approach of genetic breeding and cultivation.Improve cucumber product by cultivating means Matter is mainly by improving underground environment and aerial environment.Cucumber quality is improved by genetic approach, due to nutriment Geological Problems are a challenges, and many characters are quantitative character, it is difficult to are controlled, flavor quality especially relevant with breeding research Report is still few, also owes deeply, and improves cucumber quality by genetic improvement means, and the cycle is longer, and the amount of labour is big.
Following defect be present in prior art：（1）Cucumber only has green cucumber, and Color Quality is single；（2）Cucumber mouthfeel is not Reach, nutritive value is not high；（3）Traditional improves cucumber quality by genetic method, and the required cycle is grown, and the amount of labour is big； （4）Traditional cultivation method, pest and disease damage incidence are high.
The content of the invention
Present invention deficiency for more than, there is provided a kind of yellow cucumber and its implantation methods and the cooling heat radiation of special astigmatism are adjusted Film is controlled, realizes following goal of the invention：
1st, a kind of yellow cucumber is provided, ornamental value is high；
2nd, improve cucumber quality, make its mouthfeel more preferable；
3rd, without genetic improvement, realize and improve cucumber quality, improve nutrient composition content；
4th, pest and disease damage incidence is reduced, sugar-preserved gourd loses caused by reducing insect pest, cucumber commodity rate is reached 98%；
5th, it is 0 to make cucumber residues of pesticides.
In order to solve the above technical problems, using following technical scheme：
A kind of yellow cucumber, the cucumber color are yellow, and core yellow cellulose content is 0.079mg/100g.
The cucumber：Pantothenic acid content is 0.38mg/100g.
It is the further improvement to above-mentioned technical proposal below：
A kind of implantation methods of yellow cucumber, described implantation methods include set shade bag step；The set shade bag step Suddenly：Female flower is chosen, when cucumber grows to 5~6cm, covers shade bag, sealing, blow vent is left in bag bottom.
The shade bag is formed using astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film production.
The shade bag：Bag long 25cm, wide 6cm, individual layer, bag top end opening.
Described implantation methods also include management process after field planting；
Managed after described field planting：Per the row of ridge cultivation two, small line-spacing 50cm, the cm of wide row space 100, spacing in the rows is 30~40cm.
Described implantation methods also include sowing step；
Described sowing：Before sowing, seed soaking, after pulling out, vernalization 36h under the conditions of placing 28~30 DEG C.
Described implantation methods also include site preparation bedding step；
Described site preparation bedding：10~15d site preparations do furrow before field planting, and every mu is applied decomposed manure 5000kg, and was mixed into The fenaminosulf of 500 times of liquid is sprayed on calcium phosphate 100kg, plant ash 100kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 30kg, ground.
Described implantation methods also include grafting step；
The grafting includes pumpkin seedling processing, cucumber seedling processing, grafting；
Described pumpkin seedling processing：Remove the growing point of pumpkin seedling, with thin blade seedling top away under growing point 0.8~ At 1cm and the oblique partial application from top to bottom of cotyledon parallel direction, angle is 35 °~40 °, and depth is the thick half of stem, the edge of a knife Long 0.6~0.8cm；
Described cucumber seedling processing：At away from 1.2~1.5cm of cucumber seedling growing point, in cotyledon parallel direction, from bottom to top Oblique partial application, 30 °~35 ° of angle, the edge of a knife grow 0.6~0.8cm, and depth is thick 2/3rds of stem；
Described grafting：By in the otch of cucumber seedling otch insertion pumpkin seedling, both otch is mutually coincide, use clip It is fixed.
A kind of special astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, the parts by weight of raw materials proportioning of the astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film For：
426 parts of rutile type titanium white
420 parts of LDPE
84 parts of LLDPE
9 parts of TPU
13 parts of oleamide
Cured 27 parts of PE
20 parts of far-infared ceramic powder
2 parts of carbon black.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that：
1st, cucumber of the present invention：Color is yellow, and ornamental value is high；Meanwhile mouthfeel is more crisp, bitter taste mitigates；Cucumber riboflavin Content is 0.079mg/100g, and cucumber pantothenic acid content is 0.38mg/100g；
2nd, using the inventive method, hence it is evident that improve the nutritional quality of cucumber；Cucumber protein content is 1.23g/100g, Cucumber folate content is 13.4 μ g/100g, and cucumber VE contents are 0.11mg/100g；
3rd, not by genetic improvement, realizing improves cucumber quality and improves nutrient composition content, and method is simple and easy, saves Work is laborsaving；
4th, using the inventive method, pest and disease damage incidence reduces 15%, and sugar-preserved gourd caused by no insect pest loses, cucumber commodity Rate reaches 98%；
5th, using the inventive method, cucumber residues of pesticides are 0.
Embodiment
A kind of implantation methods of yellow cucumber of embodiment 1
1st, plot selects
Selection has the warmhouse booth that autumn stubble is planted, and such canopy condition of surviving the winter is suitable, is advantageous to be colonized ahead of time.
2nd, improved seeds are selected
Selection is adapted to the improved seeds locally cultivated, and growth selection is fast, and yield is high, and cold-resistant is disease-resistant, parthenocarpy, infinitely The improved seeds of growth type.
Choose " grinding mini No. 1 in capital " and be used as cultivar.
Root-stock selection grafting affinity is strong, low temperature resistant, keeps Yunnan black seed squash and the part of cucumber variety original local flavor White seed pumpkin.
3rd, sow
Greenhouse cultivation is colonized in late March, therefore seeding and seedling raising is carried out in late Febuary.
Seed treatment is carried out first, using hoting water treatment of seeds.
Cucumber presses 130~150g/667m2Sowing quantity calculate needed for cucumber kind amount.
55 DEG C of water are hoted water treatment of seeds, and are stirred with waddy rapidly, when water temperature is down to 30 DEG C or so, is continued 4~6h of immersion, are dragged for Go out after 2~3 cleanings to be packaged with gauze vernalization under the conditions of 28~30 DEG C of placement.It can be sprouted sowing through 36h（Prevent and treat black star Disease, anthracnose, virosis, sclerotiniose）.
Pumpkin presses 1.5kg/667m2Sowing quantity calculate needed for pumpkin kind amount, by cucumber method seed soaking, vernalization, Soak seed 6~8h, and germination time is 48~72h.
Using hole tray or feeding block seedlings raising.Micro laparoscope seed price is more expensive, and program request is carried out using hole tray or nutritive cube. Because cucumber root requires higher to edaphic condition, therefore, selection ventilation is good, insulation, fertilizer conservation, water conservation, infiltration ability by force Matrix, such as turf, vermiculite.
Mini cucumber seedling age is unsuitable long, and seedling age was controlled at 25~30 days.To improve Resistance of Seedling, field planting the last week fits When reducing nursery bed temperature, cold acclimation is carried out.
4th, grafting
Grafting green cucumber is carried out using inarching method.
Cucumber and pumpkin seedling are dug out；
Pumpkin seedling processing：Remove the growing point of pumpkin seedling, with thin blade at seedling top is away from 0.8~1cm under growing point With the oblique partial application from top to bottom of cotyledon parallel direction, angle is 35 °~40 °, and depth is the thick half of stem, and the edge of a knife grows 0.6 ~0.8cm, puts down gently on the table；
Cucumber seedling processing：Cucumber seedling away from 1.2~1.5cm of growing point and the oblique partial application from bottom to top of cotyledon parallel direction, 30 °~35 ° of angle, the edge of a knife grow 0.6~0.8cm, and depth is thick 2/3rds of stem；
Grafting：By in the otch of cucumber ligulate otch insertion pumpkin, both otch is mutually coincide, connect rear cucumber and south Melon seeds leaf is parallel, and cucumber under, after being fixed with clip, is planted in nutritive cube in upper pumpkin, pours moisture, by all young plant graftings After the completion of shelter from heat or light.
5th, managing after grafting
Cucumber seedling after grafting is it is noted that be incubated, moisturizing, while in the case of common light as far as possible, pay attention to sheltering from heat or light in order to avoid withering It is listless.Normal management can be entered after 7 days.
6th, site preparation bedding
10~15d starts site preparation and does furrow before field planting, and every mu is applied：Decomposed manure 4000kg, rice husk excrement 5m3, medicine dedicated Slag matrix 3m3, calcium superphosphate 100kg, plant ash 100kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 30kg.
Described special dregs of a decoction matrix is：Radix Codonopsis：Waxgourd peel：Chloranthus glaber：Matrimony vine：The stem of noble dendrobium：Castor bean：Artemisia anomala：Black snake, With 1:3:2:5:1:2:1:1 weight ratio mixing, the mixing dregs of a decoction after decocting 3 times.
To improve site preparation quality, fertilizer is mixed with soil even, reach standard smooth, loose, in small, broken bits, without clod.With reference to whole Ground applies fertilizer, and the fenaminosulf that 500 times of liquid is sprayed on ground carries out soil disinfection, normal bedding.
7th, managed after being colonized
Per the row of ridge cultivation two, small line-spacing 50cm, wide row space 100 cm, 30~40cm of spacing in the rows.The floor file in furrow face before field planting Film, drip irrigation facilities are installed.Under-film drip irrigation system, discharges water, and water flows out from flexible pipe micropore, penetrates into around cucumber root in soil, both full Sufficient plant water demand, ground temperature will not be reduced because of watering again, irrigation amount is also easy to control.
8th, shade bag is covered
Shade bag is formed using astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film production.
Described astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film thickness is 140 μm.
Shade bag：The long 25cm of bag, wide 6cm, individual layer, bag top end opening, the sealing of bag bottom, it is wide that 1cm is left in bag bottom side Blow vent, in the breather pipe of blow vent dress 10cm length, breather pipe is made up of diffusion material.
Female flower is chosen, the bagging when cucumber grows to 5~6cm, is sealed with staple, and leave blow vent.
Astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film has good shading, heat insulating function, and sunlight hiding rare realizes up to 99% Required dark surrounds.
Scattering of the astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film to sunlight, adds relative light intensity, is advantageous to photosynthesis, beneficial to carrying High yield.
Astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film has good night insulation effect, under cryogenic, reduces heat and scatters and disappears, Increase temperature.
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, droop etc. are the main diseases and insect pests that cuke runs into.Cured the disease anti- When insect pest, we should adhere to the principle of " relying mainly on prevention, integrated control ", avoid applying high poison persistent pesticide.
Selection prevents and treats downy mildew using 800~1000 times of Propamocarb；It is thin using 4000 times of agricultural streptomycins, preventing and treating Bacterium property angular leaf spot；When wilt phenomenon occurs in young plant, time week about pours into 500 times of carbendazim to the root system in seedling stage Solution；1500~2000 times of green dish treasured solution are sprayed to prevent the generation of liriomyza bryoniae；The pyrrole worm woods decoction of 1500 times of sprinkling is prevented Only aphid.
10th, timely collecting
Micro laparoscope late April starts to harvest, and harvest time is late April to mid-July, mainly meets the city in 5~June Field supply.12d or so can be harvested after bagging.Every morning is harvested 1 time, and melon length 10~15cm, rugosity 3cm or so can be harvested.
Green cucumber situation is tested：
During planting cucumber using the present invention, plantation situation is detected, testing result is shown in Table 1；
The green cucumber situation testing result of table 1
From table 1, cucumber is planted using the present invention, pest and disease damage incidence reduces by 15%, and cucumber protein content is 1.23g/100g, cucumber folate content are 13.4 μ g/100g, and cucumber core yellow cellulose content is 0.079mg/100g, and cucumber pantothenic acid contains It is 0.11mg/100g to measure as 0.38mg/100g, cucumber VE contents.
A kind of special astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film of embodiment 2
Used in the step 8 of embodiment 1 astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film parts by weight of raw materials match for：
Formula one：
The parts by weight of raw materials of the astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, which matches, is：
426 parts of rutile type titanium white
420 parts of LDPE
84 parts of LLDPE
9 parts of TPU
13 parts of oleamide
Cured 27 parts of PE
20 parts of far-infared ceramic powder
2 parts of carbon black
Formula two：
The parts by weight of raw materials of the astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, which matches, is：
46 parts of LDPE
4 parts of PVC
43 parts of rutile type titanium white
2.7 parts of PE waxes
1.4 parts of oleamide
2.7 parts of far-infared ceramic powder
0.2 part of carbon black
Formula three：
The parts by weight of raw materials of the astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, which matches, is：
44 parts of LDPE
7 parts of EVA
0.8 part of TPU
42 parts of rutile type titanium white
2.7 parts of PE waxes
1.3 parts of oleamide
1.9 parts of far-infared ceramic powder
0.3 part of carbon black
Formula four：
The parts by weight of raw materials of the astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, which matches, is：
43 parts of LDPE
8 parts of LLDPE
0.9 part of TPU
42 parts of rutile type titanium white
2.7 parts of PE waxes
1.2 parts of oleamide
1.9 parts of far-infared ceramic powder
0.3 part of carbon black
Rutile type titanium white in the formula of above-mentioned astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film is：Du Pont titanium dioxide R-103, R- 105th, R-900, R-931 are by weight 3:2:2:1 mixes.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still can be with Technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments is modified, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.It is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the guarantor of the present invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (5)

  1. A kind of 1. implantation methods of yellow cucumber, it is characterised in that：Described implantation methods include set shade bag step；The set Shade bag step：Female flower is chosen, when cucumber grows to 5~6cm, covers shade bag, sealing, blow vent is left in bag bottom；
    The shade bag is formed using astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film production；Described astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film thickness For 140 μm；
    The shade bag：Bag long 25cm, wide 6cm, individual layer, bag top end opening；
    The parts by weight of raw materials of the astigmatism cooling heat radiation regulation and control film, which matches, is：
    426 parts of rutile type titanium white
    420 parts of LDPE
    84 parts of LLDPE
    9 parts of TPU
    13 parts of oleamide
    27 parts of PE waxes
    20 parts of far-infared ceramic powder
    2 parts of carbon black；
    Described rutile type titanium white is：Du Pont titanium dioxide R-103, R-105, R-900, R-931 are by weight 3:2:2:1 is mixed Conjunction forms；
    The cucumber color is yellow, and core yellow cellulose content is 0.079mg/100g；
    The cucumber：Pantothenic acid content is 0.38mg/100g.
  2. A kind of 2. implantation methods of yellow cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
    Described implantation methods also include management process after field planting；
    Managed after described field planting：Per the row of ridge cultivation two, small line-spacing 50cm, the cm of wide row space 100, spacing in the rows is 30~40cm.
  3. A kind of 3. implantation methods of yellow cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described implantation methods also wrap Include sowing step；
    Described sowing：Before sowing, seed soaking, after pulling out, vernalization 36h under the conditions of placing 28~30 DEG C.
  4. A kind of 4. implantation methods of yellow cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described implantation methods also wrap Include site preparation bedding step；
    Described site preparation bedding：10~15d site preparations do furrow before field planting, and every mu is applied decomposed manure 5000kg, and is mixed into peroxophosphoric acid The fenaminosulf of 500 times of liquid is sprayed on calcium 100kg, plant ash 100kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 30kg, ground.
  5. A kind of 5. implantation methods of yellow cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
    Described implantation methods also include grafting step；
    The grafting includes pumpkin seedling processing, cucumber seedling processing, pumpkin seedling and cucumber seedling grafting；
    Described pumpkin seedling processing：Remove the growing point of pumpkin seedling, with thin blade on seedling top away from 0.8~1cm under growing point Place and the oblique partial application from top to bottom of cotyledon parallel direction, angle are 35 °~40 °, and depth is the thick half of stem, and the edge of a knife is grown 0.6~0.8cm；
    Described cucumber seedling processing：At away from 1.2~1.5cm of cucumber seedling growing point, in cotyledon parallel direction, chamfer from bottom to top One knife, 30 °~35 ° of angle, the edge of a knife grow 0.6~0.8cm, and depth is thick 2/3rds of stem；
    Described pumpkin seedling and cucumber seedling grafting：By in the otch of cucumber seedling otch insertion pumpkin seedling, make both otch mutual It coincide, is fixed with clip.
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CN105340542B (en) * 2015-11-17 2018-06-22 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 A kind of tenderization celery cultural method
CN107535202A (en) * 2016-06-24 2018-01-05 上海亚世园蔬果专业合作社 It is a kind of to improve pumpkin and the method for grafting green cucumber survival rate
CN107624547A (en) * 2017-09-18 2018-01-26 海门市兵华农产品有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of spring cucumber

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