CN103210778A - Production method of sweet potato sprout - Google Patents
Production method of sweet potato sprout Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210778A CN103210778A CN2013101709133A CN201310170913A CN103210778A CN 103210778 A CN103210778 A CN 103210778A CN 2013101709133 A CN2013101709133 A CN 2013101709133A CN 201310170913 A CN201310170913 A CN 201310170913A CN 103210778 A CN103210778 A CN 103210778A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a sweet potato sprout, and belongs to the technical field of culture of seedling of crops. The production method comprises the steps of: (1) seeding potato seeds and culturing seedlings; (2) preparing a paper micro nutrition bowl; (3) cutting the seedlings and performing cottage; (4) rooting; and (5) binning, transporting and selling, etc. By adopting the production method of the sweet potato sprout, the seedling output per unit area is greatly increased, the quality of cutting seedlings is ensured, the effective seedling rate is up to 97 to 98%, the working intensity in culture of the seedlings and the cost of seedling are obviously reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and therefore the industrial production is realized; in addition, the sprout in the paper bowl has the advantages of being small in size, light in weight, convenient to transport, flexible in planting season and high in survival rate, and extending the shelf life to be up to 15 to 20 days. The production method of the sweet potato sprout can be popularized and applied in sweet potato production areas and seed and seedlings companies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crops seedling growing process field, be specifically related to a kind of production method of sweet potato seedling.
Background technology
Sweet potato produces and always to adopt potato seed grow seedlings-the cut traditional cultivation method of seedling cuttage.Generally grow seedlings, late April～mid-June, shear 25～30cm length in batches, plant for the cuttage of production field with 5～7 healthy and strong potato seedlings that launch leaves at mid or late March.Because the potato seedling of cutting all is not with root, need under suitable temperature and soil moisture condition, could grow by root of hair.For from numerous personal small-scale peasant household, this traditional sweet potato seedling grow pattern is proper, in the end of spring and the beginning of summer temperature suitable season, while treat to cut the seedling cuttage rainy day, or in time pour water after the cloudy cuttage and all can obtain fabulous survival rate.But because the potato seedling is fresh goods of not being with root system, not anti-storage and transportation can't realize commercialization sale and large-scale planting, and remote sweet potato is produced, and especially the popularization development to the sweet potato new varieties must cause serious restriction.Mainly show following several respects:
1) existing sweet potato seedling is sold all based on small enterprise, the specialist of growing seedlings in local sales; marketing method is bought to the doorstep with predetermined or client; so can't distribute by the seed sales network of routine, thereby seriously restrict the large-scale production of seedling and the promotion efficiency of new varieties.
2) because the potato seedling is to shear, constantly grow in batches, just can cut a collection of seedling about general 1 week, and the storage life of potato seedling has only 1～3 day, under existing production and selling pattern, peasant household can not buy seedling to the doorstep at the fine day of high temperature and drought, and the potato seedling that can cut during this period then can cause damage or waste; And to rainy day, a large amount of peasant households concentrate buys seedling to the doorstep, and supply falls short of demand or cut seedling labour anxiety then can to cause the potato seedling, concerning the large plantation family that oneself is grown seedlings, also has same problem.
3) the present sweet potato general facility that adopts electric heating or daylight to heat of growing seedlings is grown seedlings, and emerges, increases the purpose of output of seedling to reach ahead of time.But the potato seedling that facility is produced is often tender partially, on the weak side, influences the survival rate of land for growing field crops cuttage and survives quality, especially large-scale planting in the time of effective irrigation can't being provided or watering water condition.
4) owing to the sweet potato seedling is come by the growth of the uncertain buds growth on the potato piece, last time cut the place, old stubble joint position that seedling stays and still can sprout sprouting, thereby make the potato seedling size in the seedbed uneven, need select the potato seedling that meets the standard in strong sprout by strain when cutting seedling, to avoid injuring seedling.The amount of labour used of therefore cutting seedling is very big, in the booth facility, grows fast in order to guarantee the potato seedling, and fine temperature is usually more than 35 ℃, and the working condition of cutting seedling is very arduous.
Simultaneously, the potato seed of sweet potato is sold and also had variety of problems: the preference temperature that stores because of sweet potato is 10～15 ℃, be lower than 10 ℃ and then be subjected to freeze injury easily, it is as easy as rolling off a log rotten to damage in the transportation, add that the potato seed volume is big, deal heavy, grow seedlings and go out the beginning of spring need sow behind the cellar for storing things at once, so the time limit of suitable sale is very short or the like.
For these reasons, press for research and development in the production and a kind ofly can utilize existing seed network for distributed sales, can transport, have certain shelf selling period at a distance, again the production technology of the sweet potato seedling that can commercially produce and sell.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, be not suitable for the defective that commercialization is sold at traditional sweet potato seedling seedling growing process and marketing method, propose a kind ofly can be suitable for the high density factorial seedling growth, can grow the distance allocation and transportation through existing seed sales network channel, putting on the shelf in retail shops has the production method of the sweet potato seedling of longer shelf-life and shelf life when selling.
The object of the invention is achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of production method of sweet potato seedling, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the potato seed seeding is grown seedlings: the facility seedling-cultivating method is ready to seedbed and potato seed routinely, during the seedbed seeding, insert suitable little potato piece, keep flat or head is gone up a tail and placed vertically or tiltedly put down at the yampi interblock, to improve the unit are amount of seed metering, the beginning waters, grows seedlings behind the covering fine earth 3cm;
(2) preparation of little nutritive cube paper volume: adopt the aperture 1.9cm of marketingization, the paper pot volume of growing seedlings of height 15cm, during use, after highly cutting into 3 sections by it, in paper pot, pour into fine earth or nutrition soil, water permeable, a bottom vertically pack into after in the plastic casing of permeable aperture by per 100 paper pots again, standby;
(3) cut the seedling cuttage: treat that potato seedling integral body is grown to and paste ground behind 20～30cm and all cut off, by potato seedling size fractionation and abandon do not have the seedling of launching leaf after, insert 1 strain potato seedling to 1 a dark mode in joint position by every paper pot in the plastic casing and carry out cuttage; By above-mentioned the same manner weekly regularly cut seedling, cuttage 1 time, carry out 5-7 time continuously thereafter;
(4) root of hair: the paper pot that will insert seedling is put in the multilayer stand in booth or greenhouse together with plastic casing, and the bottom of stand is made as tank, and goes along with sb. to guard him, seals with film around whole stand; Booth or greenhouse are controlled at 28～30 ℃ daytime, 20～22 ℃ of evenings, carry out root of hair under the condition of relative moisture 85%～95%, the paper pot bottom was exposed white in 4～7 days, the big or middle seedling of 10～30cm wherein moved to earlier in the booth placed 1 day, open country is placed the sale of can casing after the hardening in 1 day again; Seedling need continue to cultivate 7 days in stand, and to the long 12cm of seedling, vanning is sold after the hardening by the same method;
(5) vanning, transportation and sell: the carton side needs perforate ventilative, treat potato seedling leaf drying after, press the plastic casing accumbency, cross-laminated and every interlayer is cased with the nonwoven isolated form end to end; In time unpack, water upward shelf of permeable back after transporting the destination to, under natural scattering light, maintenance paper pot wet condition, can sell 15-20 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, the present invention adopts to be cultivated by the high density potato seed and cuts seedling cuttage, heat and moisture preserving behind the potato seedling and inspire the method that hardening combines behind root, the root of hair, both can improve the potato seed potato seedling output of unit are significantly, can guarantee the quality of cuttage seeding again, effective seedling rate wherein accounts for 97-98%, and effectively the big or middle seedling rate in the seedling also can account for 69-76%(and sees embodiment 1,2,3), thereby significantly reduced the cost in culture facility place, made high density factory culturing sweet potato seedling become possibility.
Two, the seedling cuttage mode of cutting of step of the present invention (3), change " cutting seedling, the slotting seedling of classification " into by traditional " select and cut strong sprout " with pasting, greatly reduce the interior former high strength of facility and select the labour demand of cutting strong sprout, changing the slotting Miao Houke of classification finishes on the streamline in indoor workshop, significantly improve production efficiency, realized batch production production.
Three, the present invention has adopted the paper pot of diameter 1.9cm, height 4.5～5.5cm as container for plant growth, can guarantee the potato seedling within it normally root of hair, survive, have little, the lightweight advantage of volume again, be convenient to transportation and shelf and sell, and its shelf selling period was 15-20 days.
Four, the present invention can make the production of sweet potato seedling realize that planned, batch production and commercialization sell, avoided need waiting for originally the client to the doorstep, concentrate the passive drawback of cutting seedling etc.
Five, potato seedling band root band mud of the present invention and paper container so can transplant and can water or water less at fine day, have solved that traditional mode of production concentrates the rainy day to purchase seedling, cuttage causes the seedling anxiety, and finely nobody shows any interest in, shortcoming that can't cuttage.This paper container is the energy natural degradation after burying, and does not influence the growth of potato piece.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by following examples, but content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Explanation to the related material of following examples:
1, little nutritive cube paper volume: select specification to be: aperture 1.9cm/ alms bowl, height 15cm/ alms bowl, 1400 hole alms bowl (20 * 70)/paper volumes, this paper volume system is by the little nutrition paper pot of hexangle type, and sol bonded, the set of water forms between each paper pot; This paper volume is by production of units, listings such as the land-reclaimable 93 warm nursery paper products factories of Co., Ltd of Heilungkiang papermaking research institute, source, Gongzhuling, Jilin and agricultural warm nursery paper goods Co., Ltd and Heilongjiang Province;
2, plastic casing: design voluntarily and customize by the applicant, long 30cm, wide 8cm, high 5cm, the bottom is with the 3 row transparent plastic box of totally 30 5mm diameter permeable holes, formed by the PVC material pressing mold of 0.2mm thickness, and every box can be adorned 100 (5 * 20) paper pots.
The production method of No. 1 sweet potato seedling of the purple potato in embodiment 1:(Zhejiang)
(1) the potato seed seeding is grown seedlings: in booth, excavated 0.8 meter wide on January 20th, 2012,0.2 meter dark, long 50 meters seedbed, bed bottom application composite fertilizer 0.1kg/m
2, mixing; Adopt the electric heating seedling raising manners, lay heat 3 on line of 1kw soil, count every square of electric thermal power 75w; Little potato piece is inserted in No. 1 potato seed of the purple potato in horizontal drain Zhejiang in the seedbed between the yampi space, and 30 kilograms of every square of seedings are watered permeablely, spray the back with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim and cover fine earth 3cm, the spray standing grain anti-this, covering with plastic film, little shed film;
(2) preparation of little nutritive cube paper volume: the beet that adopts Heilungkiang Co., Ltd of papermaking research institute the to produce paper pot volume of growing seedlings, aperture 1.9cm, height 15cm, cut into 3 sections by its short transverse, guarantee that every section height is 4.5～5.5cm, this had both guaranteed the growth demand that the sweet potato seedling is early stage, had improved the availability of paper volume again; In paper pot, pour into the fine earth that sieves, water permeable after, uprightly pack in the plastic casing of bottom by per 100 paper pots with permeable aperture;
(3) cut the seedling cuttage: February 26, per day height of seedling reached 25cm, cut seedling first, every square of effective seedling 2350 strains of gathering, wherein above seedlings 665 strains of 20cm, seedling 1043 strains among 10～20cm are below the 10cm, and seedling 642 strains that launch leaf are arranged more than 1, the seedling that other has 67 strains not have the expansion leaf abandons, so effective seedling rate accounts for 97%, effectively the big-and-middle seedling rate in the seedling accounts for 73%; Insert 1 strain potato seedling to 1 dark mode in joint position of this seedling by every paper pot in the plastic casing and carry out cuttage, every box 100 young plants; Weekly regularly cut seedling, cuttage 1 time, can carry out 5-7 time continuously thereafter;
(4) root of hair: the paper pot that will insert seedling is put in the multilayer stand of booth together with plastic casing, and seedling wherein is placed on the superiors of this stand; The bottom of stand is made as tank, goes along with sb. to guard him, seals with film around whole stand, to keep in the stand 90～95% humidity; Booth is controlled at 28～30 ℃ daytime, and evening is at 20～22 ℃; Bai Genhou is exposed in paper pot bottom after 5 days, wherein big or middle seedling is moved to earlier in the booth placed 1 day, and open country is placed the sale of can casing after the hardening in 1 day again; Seedling need continue to cultivate 7 days in stand, and to the long 12cm of seedling, vanning is sold after the hardening by the same method;
(5) vanning, transportation and sell: the carton side needs perforate ventilative, treat potato seedling leaf drying after, together with plastic casing by accumbency, cross-laminated, every interlayer is packed in the case with the nonwoven isolated form end to end; After adopting form such as logistics delivery to arrive the destination, in time unpack, water the sale of to put on the shelf in the seeds company retail department after permeable, watered water 1 time in per 3 days, can keep 15 to 20 days.
The production method of embodiment 2:(Zhejiang potato 13 sweet potato seedlings)
(1) seeding is grown seedlings: in the greenhouse, excavated 0.8 meter wide on January 20th, 2012,0.2 meter dark, long 50 meters seedbed, bed bottom application composite fertilizer 0.1kg/m
2, mixing; Lay heat 3 on line of 1kw soil in the bed, count every square of electric thermal power 75w; Discharging Zhejiang potato 13 potato seeds in the bed, tail is erect down discharging on the head, inserts little potato piece between yampi, 40 kilograms of every square of seedings are watered permeablely, spray the back with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim and cover fine earth soil 3cm, the spray standing grain anti-this, covering with plastic film, little shed film;
(2) the little nutritive cube of paper volume is prepared: adopt source, Gongzhuling, Jilin and agricultural warm nursery paper goods Co., Ltd, and aperture 1.9cm, height 15cm cuts into 3 sections by its short transverse, every section height 4.5～5.5cm; In paper pot, pour into nutrition soil (peat 15%, vermiculite 85%), water permeable after, uprightly pack in the plastic casing of bottom by per 100 paper pots with permeable aperture;
(3) cut the seedling cuttage: cut seedling when March 1, whole height of seedling reached 30cm first, every square of effective seedling 3769 strains of gathering, wherein above seedlings 1561 strains of 20cm, seedling 1313 strains among 10～20cm, 10cm is following and seedling 895 strains that launch leaf more than 1 are arranged, the seedling that other has 83 strains not have the expansion leaf is dropped, and effectively the seedling rate accounts for 98%, and effectively big-and-middle seedling rate accounts for 76% in the seedling; Insert 1 strain potato seedling to 1 dark mode in joint position of this seedling by every paper pot in the plastic casing and carry out cuttage, every box 100 young plants; Weekly regularly cut seedling, classification, cuttage 1 time, can carry out 5-7 time continuously thereafter;
(4) root of hair: the plastic casing of inserting good seedling is put into greenhouse multilayer stand, and seedling is placed on the stand the superiors, the stand bottom be tank to keep humidity, go along with sb. to guard him, seal with film around the stand integral body, to keep relative moisture 85～90% in the stand; 20～22 ℃ of control room temperatures; The paper pot bottom is exposed white after 7 days, big or middle seedling is moved in the greenhouse from stand placed 2 days, and outdoor open-air placement is after 1 day, and vanning is sold; Seedling continues to cultivate 8 days in the stand the superiors, and the long 12cm of seedling placed 1 day outside the stand in the greenhouse, and open country was placed after 1 day, and vanning is sold;
(5) vanning, transportation and sale: the perforate of carton side is ventilative; Do not water before the vanning, keep potato seedling leaf drying, connect the plastic casing traverse, cross-laminated end to end, isolate with nonwoven for every layer; After adopting form such as logistics delivery to arrive the destination, in time unpack, water the sale of putting on the shelf in the seeds company retail department of permeable back, watered water 1 time in per 3 days, can keep 15 to 20 days.
The production method of embodiment 3:(Xu potato 18 sweet potato seedlings)
(1) seeding is grown seedlings: in booth, excavated 0.8 meter wide on March 8th, 2012,0.2 meter dark, long 50 meters seedbed, bed bottom application composite fertilizer 0.1kg/m
2, mixing; Conventional booth propagating seeding in cold frame, discharging Xu potato 18 potato seeds in the bed, the upright discharging of tail declivity on the head, insert little potato piece between yampi, 35 kilograms of every square of seedings are watered permeable, spray the back with 500 times of liquid of carbendazim and cover fine earth soil 3cm, the spray standing grain anti-this, covering with plastic film, little shed film;
(2) the little nutritive cube of paper volume is prepared: adopt the land-reclaimable 93 warm nursery paper products factories in Heilongjiang Province, and aperture 1.9cm, height 15cm cuts 3 sections by short transverse, keeps every section height 4.5～5.5cm; In paper pot, pour into nutrition soil (peat 20%, fine earth 80% sieves), water permeable after, uprightly pack in the plastic casing of bottom by per 100 paper pots with permeable aperture;
(3) cut the seedling cuttage: April 12, whole height of seedling reaches 20cm, cut seedling first, every square of effective seedling 1761 strains of gathering, wherein above seedlings 81 strains of 20cm, seedling 1133 strains among 10～20cm, below the 10cm, and seedling 547 strains that launch leaf more than 1 are arranged, the seedling that other has 55 strains not have the expansion leaf is dropped, effectively the seedling rate accounts for 97%, and effectively big-and-middle seedling rate accounts for 69% in the seedling; In the paper pot of cuttage in the ready plastic casing of step (2), it is dark that every alms bowl is inserted 1 young plant to 1 joint position, every box 100 young plants respectively; Weekly regularly cut seedling 1 time, press with quadrat method classification, cuttage thereafter;
(4) root of hair: the plastic casing of inserting good seedling is put into greenhouse multilayer stand, and seedling is placed on the stand the superiors, goes along with sb. to guard him, seals with film around the stand integral body, and bottom is a tank, to keep relative moisture 90～95% in the stand; 28～30 ℃ of control room temperatures, paper pot bottom windscreen wiper exposes white after 4 days, and big or middle seedling is moved to outer the placement 2 days of the interior stand of booth, and the outer open country of canopy was placed after 1 day, cased and sold; Seedling continues to cultivate 6 days in the stand the superiors, and the long 11cm of seedling placed 2 days outside the stand in booth, and open country was placed after 1 day, and vanning is sold;
(5) vanning, transportation and sell: the perforate of carton side is ventilative, does not water before the vanning, keeps potato seedling leaf drying, connects the plastic casing traverse, and is cross-laminated end to end, isolates with nonwoven for every layer; After adopting form such as logistics delivery to arrive the destination, in time unpack, water the sale of putting on the shelf in the seeds company retail department of permeable back, watered water 1 time in per 3 days, can keep 15 to 20 days.
Claims (1)
1. the production method of a sweet potato seedling is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) the potato seed seeding is grown seedlings: the facility seedling-cultivating method is ready to seedbed and potato seed routinely, during the seedbed seeding, insert suitable little potato piece, keep flat or head is gone up a tail and placed vertically or tiltedly put down at the yampi interblock, to improve the unit are amount of seed metering, the beginning waters, grows seedlings behind the covering fine earth 3cm;
(2) preparation of little nutritive cube paper volume: adopt the aperture 1.9cm of marketingization, the paper pot volume of growing seedlings of height 15cm, during use, after highly cutting into 3 sections by it, in paper pot, pour into fine earth or nutrition soil, water permeable, a bottom vertically pack into after in the plastic casing of permeable aperture by per 100 paper pots again, standby;
(3) cut the seedling cuttage: treat that potato seedling integral body is grown to and paste ground behind 20～30cm and all cut off, by potato seedling size fractionation and abandon do not have the seedling of launching leaf after, insert 1 strain potato seedling to 1 a dark mode in joint position by every paper pot in the plastic casing and carry out cuttage; By above-mentioned the same manner weekly regularly cut seedling, cuttage 1 time, carry out 5-7 time continuously thereafter;
(4) root of hair: the paper pot that will insert seedling is put in the multilayer stand in booth or greenhouse together with plastic casing, and the bottom of stand is made as tank, and goes along with sb. to guard him, seals with film around whole stand; Booth or greenhouse are controlled at 28～30 ℃ daytime, 20～22 ℃ of evenings, carry out root of hair under the condition of relative moisture 85%～95%, the paper pot bottom was exposed white in 4～7 days, the big or middle seedling of 10～30cm wherein moved to earlier in the booth placed 1 day, open country is placed the sale of can casing after the hardening in 1 day again; Seedling need continue to cultivate 7 days in stand, and to the long 12cm of seedling, vanning is sold after the hardening by the same method;
(5) vanning, transportation and sell: the carton side needs perforate ventilative, treat potato seedling leaf drying after, press the plastic casing accumbency, cross-laminated and every interlayer is cased with the nonwoven isolated form end to end; In time unpack, water upward shelf of permeable back after transporting the destination to, under natural scattering light, maintenance paper pot wet condition, can sell 15-20 days.
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| CN103597977A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-26 | 赵刚 | Production method of Yixian County sweet potatoes |
| CN103650865A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Sweet potato seedling culturing method |
| CN103988668A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-20 | 梁栋 | Planting method for sweet potatoes |
| CN104521505A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing flowering rate and fruiting rate of sweet potatoes without grafting in northern area |
| CN105104139A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots |
| CN106961984A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-21 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of bowl seeding cultivating method based on sweet potato vine |
| CN107439178A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of sweet potato sprout long distance transportation method |
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| CN108323355A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-07-27 | 涡阳县农兴土地流转专业合作社 | The aerial culture apparatus of sweet potato garden |
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| CN103597977A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-26 | 赵刚 | Production method of Yixian County sweet potatoes |
| CN103650865A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Sweet potato seedling culturing method |
| CN103650865B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-08-05 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of sweet potato seedling-cultivating method |
| CN103988668A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-20 | 梁栋 | Planting method for sweet potatoes |
| CN104521505A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing flowering rate and fruiting rate of sweet potatoes without grafting in northern area |
| CN105104139A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots |
| CN106961984A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-21 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of bowl seeding cultivating method based on sweet potato vine |
| CN107439178A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of sweet potato sprout long distance transportation method |
| CN107455139A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-12 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of yam seedling |
| CN107896884A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-13 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of ipomoea batatas seedling |
| CN108323355A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-07-27 | 涡阳县农兴土地流转专业合作社 | The aerial culture apparatus of sweet potato garden |
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