CN102783345A - Novel cotton cultivation method - Google Patents
Novel cotton cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783345A CN102783345A CN201210300698XA CN201210300698A CN102783345A CN 102783345 A CN102783345 A CN 102783345A CN 201210300698X A CN201210300698X A CN 201210300698XA CN 201210300698 A CN201210300698 A CN 201210300698A CN 102783345 A CN102783345 A CN 102783345A
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Abstract
Seedling raising and transplanting in protected areas can prolong growth period by 30-40 days and promote increase of cotton yield. Traditional seedling raising and transplanting use soil nutrition pots. Manufacturing and transplanting of the soil nutrition pots are labor-consuming, high in labor intensity and low in efficiency. Paper-tube combined filled lightweight substrate and industrially made nutrition pots are used, mechanical seeding and mechanical transplanting are carried out and are development trends of cotton industry in China.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cotton culture method, belong to agriculture field.
Background technology
Cotton protection ground seedling raising and transplanting can prolong effective breeding time of 30～40 days than direct sowing culture; Promptly bloom and tie the prolongation of bell phase; So seedling raising and transplanting is than the cotton raising the output 15%～20% of direct sowing culture, the Yangtze river basin and Huanghe valley cotton planting all adopt the method for seedling raising and transplanting for this reason.At present, raising seedling of cotton is transplanted and to be continued to use traditional soil property nutrition bowl seedling transplanting method always, allotment bed soil, system alms bowl, grows seedlings, the seedbed weeding, prevents and treats seedling diseases; Play operations such as alms bowl, transplanting and can't use mechanically actuated; Need accomplish with manual work, nutritive cube is made and is taken a lot of work, and operation is loaded down with trivial details; Efficient is low, and labour intensity is big.Now, the rural area a large amount of labours shift to the city, and stay-at-home old, the weak and women labour who is in is difficult to accomplish this heavy task.Along with Chinese society doctrine market economy increasing development, the waste aggravation of enterprises using the labor, producer reduces the recruitment threshold one after another; Many aging women also enter factory and have worked as the workman, have caused the peasant waste, in recent years; A lot of main product cotton regions have been abandoned the plantation of cotton or have simply been letted a piece of farmland go to waste in the soil, cause the cotton production area significantly to glide, and the external interdependency of cotton strengthens year by year; The cotton production situation is very severe, and the cotton culture new method of studying light-duty simplification is carried out cotton mechanization and produced extremely urgent.
The Chinese government recognizes already must reform the mode of production that this falls behind as early as possible, sets aside the light-duty simplification culture technique of special fund research cotton.In the current cotton production process, the seedling raising and transplanting recruitment is more, and labour intensity is also maximum; Solve the light-duty simplification cultivation of cotton, at first should start with, realize sowing cotton seed machineryization from seedling raising and transplanting; The batch production of growing seedlings; Transplanting mechanization, production scaleization is the task of top priority of stability and development Cotton in China industry.
Present crops mechanical planting, machinery transplanting technology is all ripe, particularly at rape; Tobacco, widely-used on the crops such as paddy rice, only cotton can not use mechanical sock growing nursery to transplant; With the current traditional seedling-cultivating method backwardness of cotton very big relation is arranged, promptly agronomy and agricultural machinery do not merge, and the cotton seedling that present seedling-cultivating method is educated can not be fit to machine and transplant; To work out the raising seedling of cotton new technology as early as possible, adapt to cotton machinery and transplant.The applicant studies intensively with great concentration, constantly brings forth new ideas, and has invented the application's method, is fit to very much the cotton mechanical sock growing nursery and transplants, and can overcome the wretched insufficiency in the current raising seedling of cotton transplanting method, has stronger practicality.
Summary of the invention
The application's purpose through the extraordinary combination of mechanized production papery pot for growing seedlings, is utilized machine filling light seedling raising medium; The mechanization sowing, factorial seedling growth, mechanization transplanting; To replace the manual production of traditional cotton nutrition bowl seedling transplanting, reduce labor intensity, raise the efficiency; Realize raising seedling of cotton transplanting entire mechanization, batch production, scale.
The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose and take comprises:
1, internal diameter 0.5cm～10cm, thickness 0.001cm～0.5cm, high 3cm～20cm paper web are made in the making of combination pot for growing seedlings; With paper web and the mutual bonding integrated combination seedling-cultivating tray of paper web, combination seedling-cultivating tray paper web is formed 10～2000 of numbers, can determine the size of seedling-cultivating tray combination as required; Hold with hardboard combination seedling-cultivating tray bottom; The infiltration eye of 10～2000 diameter 0.1cm～0.5cm of supporting plate cutter, the supporting plate size is equal to the combination seedling-cultivating tray, goes along with sb. to guard him with hardboard around the combination seedling-cultivating tray; Thickness 0.01cm～the 0.5cm of hardboard; The aspect ratio seedling-cultivating tray of hardboard high 0.5cm～2cm suitable for reading or with height such as combination seedling-cultivating tray grade, the length of coaming plate is long with the combination web, seedling-cultivating tray is not combined in and can folds before the filling substrate.Grow seedlings nearby as if existing sowing at present, then make up bottom the seedling-cultivating tray and all around and need not set off and go along with sb. to guard him,, deliver to the sower upper seeding wheel then as long as open the folding direct filling substrate of combination seedling-cultivating tray with hardboard.The shape of combination seedling-cultivating tray paper web can be made into cylindrical as required; Cellular hexagon; Taper shape, square, can have butt plate and on seal and open-ended also can be arranged on the butt plate or do not have that base plate is supreme to seal; Can the alms bowl body between the pot for growing seedlings bonding mutually, also can contact mutually through attachment;
2, the processing of straw substrate is rubbed crop stalk and is ground into 0.1cm～20cm material that differs in size, and sends into to carry out expanded being crushed and screened in the straw bulking machine and be fit to grow seedlings with size;
3, filling substrate process pot for growing seedlings learn from else's experience the straw of pulverizing expanding treatment match well treated wood sawdust by 1: 0.1～5: 0.1～5 volume and grow seedlings with perlite or treated slag will treated fowl and animal excrement or carbonization rice husk or papermaking offcuts or press sugared offcuts or bacterium slag or coconut palm chaff or bark or leaf or reed or or grow seedlings to be made into and be fit to raising seedling of cotton and use matrix with vermiculite or expanded ceramsite or foamed plastics or rock wool, the matrix weight ratio by 0.001%～10% adds the raising seedling of cotton special use and urgees root manure (N10: P
2O
550: K
2O 10+0.5EDTA+0.5CoSO
47H
2+ 0.5Na
2B
4O
710H
2O) or the graft copolymer of biological organic fertilizer and starch-mix monomer and 0.1%～0.5% clorox; Pour in the charger, through charger above-mentioned substance is added in the seedling-cultivating tray combination tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real; Stop during apart from cave mouth 0.5cm～2cm adding; Last front cover layer paper, in case matrix leaks, with above-mentioned seedling medium by arbitrary proportion or the above-mentioned identical fertile medicine that is mixed separately fill paper pot;
4, sow the pot for growing seedlings combination that will fill up matrix and send into sower, pour in the sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization and sow, seed of every bunch planting, lid is planted, and waters;
5, grow seedlings and send into seedling cultivation greenhouse and carry out factorial seedling growth;
6, get the cotton seedling that Miao Yunmiao will reach the transplanting standard and go out, put on the fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field together with seedling dish whole disc picking;
7, the cotton seedling of transplanting forward direction spills and executes clear water, if alms bowl mesostroma moisture can not sprinkled water than foot yet, cotton seedling whole disc picking is gone out, and is placed on the transplanter and transplants, and during transplanting, transplants together with the paper pot carrying substrates.Compared with prior art the application has following advantage.
1, said greatly raising labour productivity owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings; With pot for growing seedlings integral body of the mutual bonding one-tenth of paper web; With respect to disperseing single earthen bowl sharpest edges to be; The combination pot for growing seedlings is more suitable for the unified evenly reinforced filling substrate of machinery, the unified sowing of machinery, and machinery is unified transplants.Tradition soil property nutritive cube is by making by hand, and can only make about 3000 earthen bowls a working day, and machine is made the combination pot for growing seedlings and comprised system tube, filling substrate, and can accomplish about 200,000 a working day, is artificial more than 60 times.The by artificial seeding can only sow 6000 alms bowls a working day, and mechanical planting can be sowed 100,000 alms bowls a working day, is more than 16 times of manual work; Have only the combination pot for growing seedlings could use mechanical planting; Machinery is transplanted, and adopts the combination pot for growing seedlings to carry out raising seedling of cotton and transplants, and greatly raises labour productivity; Reduce labor intensity, reduce production costs.
Claim according to Chinese Academy of Sciences's China's Modernization research center issue " China's Modernization report 2012: agricultural modernization research " report; Calculate with added value of agriculture ratio, agricultural workforce's ratio and three indexs of farm labor efficiency; By 2008; Chinese agriculture economic level and Britain differed about 150 years, differed 108 years with the U.S., differed 36 years with Korea S.
Our cotton production mode falls behind more, scale of operation is little, whole process is hand-manipulated, and labor productivity is low, production cost is higher, and the amount of labour used that China on average produces 50kg gined cotton is 30～40 work days, and as long as the U.S. is 0.5 work day.The gined cotton of same grade, domestic cotton is per ton to be advanced the price at factory and exceeds more than 2000 yuan than imported cotton.Because the imported cotton price is low, cause the domestic cotton stock suddenly to increase, storage level is excessive, and the annual financial subsidies of for this reason paying of country are up to billions of units.In the face of situation, around cost-saving synergistic, foundation technology, fund, the intensive modernized cotton production system of information have become the task of top priority.
Quickening along with Chinese population aging process; After several years; This a collection of stay-at-home the old and the weak labour who is in has lost labour capacity, and the awkward situation that the cotton production of China will really can occur leaving no successor begins promptly should promote in good time suitable cotton production mechanization technology such as cotton combination paper pot seedling raising and transplanting now; Improve China's farm labor efficiency energetically, dwindle and developed country between gap.
2, said increasing both production and income has been owing to adopted seedling growth paper tube to be combined into pot for growing seedlings, in adorn expanded light seedling raising medium, ventilating slit 25%; Water holding hole 50%, big or small void ratio are 1: 2～4, and the Ec value is 0.5～3; The pH value is 5.5～7.0, and emergence rate exceeds more than 20% than the soil property nutritive cube up to more than 98%; Seedling-growing time also shortens 2 days than the soil property nutritive cube, and it is neat to emerge, once-seedling forming.The papery pot for growing seedlings content of organic matter is high, supports part comprehensively, need not topdress well developed root system, the big color depth of leaf during the raising seedling of cotton; Red shank is than moderate, cotton seedling carrying substrates, fertile, the band medicine of band during transplanting, and seedling is transplanted down in the paper pot protection, and the transplanting lifting is not hindered root, and survival rate is up to 100%; Guaranteed the transplanting density on the unit are, captured cotton yield and tamped the basis for setting up rational group structure that transplanted seedling does not have seedling-slowing stage, tiller is fast, and growth is neat; Growing way is prosperous, blooms early, and the knot bell is many, compares with soil property nutritive cube cotton; Picking time, the flower rate was high before the frost ahead of time, and cotton fiber quality is largely increased, and the high quality cotton ratio increases; Improved and planted cotton benefit, more than 20%, increased production more than 25%～30% every hm than common transplanting hole tray seedling cotton than traditional soil property nutritive cube raising the output
2Increase more than 9000～22500 yuan of the output value.Fundamentally solve cotton replanting survival rate shakiness, long, the tardy late-maturing Three Difficult Issues of seedling-slowing stage, realized the target of saving recruitment, reducing labour intensity and cotton yield.
3, said saving of labor's abridged edition improves and plants cotton benefit owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings to grow seedlings, and replaces traditional soil property feeding block seedlings raising, traditional every hm of soil property nutritive cube
2The cotton replanting land for growing field crops needs the seedbed to be equipped with 15 of native recruitments, 30 of system alms bowl recruitments, 15 of sowing recruitments; Transplant 30 of recruitments, these work must be accomplished in manual operation, by 100 yuan/worker; Need 9000 yuan of labor wage; And adopt extraordinary paper disc grow seedlings can machine sowing, machine transplant, operating efficiency surpasses artificial 20 times of transplanting, every hm
2Stand system alms bowl, processing matrix and seedling raising and transplanting cost are merely 450 yuan, save more than 8500 yuan than feeding block seedlings raising; Save time, the saving of labor, save worry, the peasant no longer grows seedlings, and has removed the risk that every family disperses to grow seedlings aspects such as the natural calamity born, technology mistake.
Tradition soil property nutritive cube is prone to the alms bowl body in the transplanting process damaged, so in system alms bowl and sowing, will prepare some pot seedlings usually, promptly plants 1hm more
2Cotton need use kinds 4,900g, and that this method adopts extraordinary paper pot to grow seedlings is not damaged, planting percent is high, does not need the preparation pot seedlings of preparing more, whenever plants 1hm
2The cotton seedling only needs 2, and the 250g seed is practiced thrift seed more than 40%, saves the direct investment cost and amounts to RMB 1350 yuan/hm
2, add up to the nearly ten thousand yuan/hm that economizes on the use of funds altogether
2
4, said easy and simple to handle, the abridged edition saving of labor will make alms bowl, the whole suitability for industrialized production of filling substrate owing to adopted seedling growth paper tube to be combined into pot for growing seedlings, omitted the artificial spade of traditional soil property nutritive cube dig preparing nursery bed; Join fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields the anti-underground insect of agricultural chemicals and bore broken earthen bowl, spraying pesticide is prevented and treated cotton seedling diseases evil, a series of onerous toils such as system alms bowl pendulum alms bowl; The combination pot for growing seedlings is as long as directly sowing the watering insulation grows seedlings, and is simple to operate, convenient management, and combination paper web pot for growing seedlings has charging soon; Sowing is fast, transplants soon, and the worker employed in a plant nursery is few, and cost is low; Compare with other containers for plant growth of filling soil, the expanded light ground mass of stalk is drawn materials easily, and in light weight, matrix is through high-temperature sterilization; Cotton seedling is disease-free, need not water during transplanting and execute normal root water, the conserve water resource and the energy.
5, said helping cultivates strong sprout; Owing to adopted seedling growth paper tube to be combined into pot for growing seedlings; The matrix of new soilless-cultivated seedling has been passed through operation processing such as sterilization in expanded and process; Blocked the propagation of soil-borne disease bacterium, can save the spending of seedbed diseases prevention recruitment and agricultural chemicals, reduced the pollution of agricultural chemicals simultaneously environment.
6, the scale of said realization cotton production can be produced owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings in the anniversary, will make up pot for growing seedlings and process finished product; Because it is in light weight, several paper pots are combined into a seedling-cultivating tray, can the multilayer pile; For depositing in the warehouse condition of providing convenience; Thereby realize industrial and annual production, process finished product and also be convenient to remote transportation, apply rapidly.
Tradition soil property nutritive cube can only now-making-now-using, can not deposit, can not pile; And heavy, be not easy to transportation again, other containers for plant growth that loose have been filled after the matrix then at all can't pile, deposit and transport; So also can only broadcast existing usefulness, not only work efficiency is low, and has limited enlarged reproduction at present.
7, saidly can save the occupation of land of growing seedlings, the combination paper pot seedling raising and transplanting of growing seedlings is an advanced technology that improves output of cotton, is main body with light-duty, convenient transportation; Near no gap, the floor space of growing seedlings is little between paper web and the paper web, and unit are nursery output is high; When carrying, field planting, the seedling alms bowl can not break, and seedling can not damage; Paper pot is easy to separately become separately independently seedling alms bowl after the field planting, does not produce to interact; The kind of paper pot and size variation can be satisfied various places cultivation custom, and paper pot has good wet strength, anti-corrosive properties; Gas permeability, water penetration, the root system penetrability is strong, helps cotton growth; Grow seedlings protection ground of saving can improve the unit seedbed number of emerging, and saves seedling cost.
8, said cotton seedling resistance strengthens, owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, is not transplanted the influence of ground herbicide spraying; Now, cotton planting all is to adopt no-tillage cultivation basically, and no-tillage cultivation can not be eliminated weeds; So, before the cotton transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops, generally need to spray steriland herbicide in the land for growing field crops; The root system of the cotton seedling of tradition soil property nutritive cube has grown the alms bowl body in a large number when transplanting; These root systems that grow earthen bowl outside are planted the weed killer herbicide that is subject to pedo relict behind the land for growing field crops and are poisoned and stop growing even dead, and it is longer to cause the cotton seedling of soil property nutritive cube to plant into the land for growing field crops seedling-slowing stage, and survival rate is not high.Cotton shoot root system in this method receives the leg protection of paper web, plant the land for growing field crops after, though also be in herbicide residue in the phase; But root system does not touch the soil of residual weed killer herbicide, and As time goes on, weed killer herbicide residual in the soil is degraded; Cotton shoot root is to begin to pass the paper web wall to prick soil safely down, avoids the influence of weed killer herbicide, does not produce slow seedling phenomenon; Resistance strengthens, and cotton is early planted and can early send out.
9, said straw is expanded, formulates novel seedling medium, pulverizes the expanding treatment process owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, straw to rub, and be a process that high temperature is instantaneous: promptly straw is in high temperature (110～200 ℃) high pressure (25～100kg/cm
2) and the environment of high shear force, high-moisture in, through mixed, modified, intensification, supercharging, slaking continuously, extrude nib and step-down suddenly, material is by expanded, dehydration, cooling, produces short texture, porous, crisp puff; Maximum temperature can reach 130 ℃～160 ℃ during extrusion; High temperature and thoroughly killing pathogenic bacteria, microorganism, worm's ovum, weed seed helps cultivating strong sprout, and the grow seedlings use of agricultural chemicals of minimizing helps environmental protection.Stalk becomes soft meticulous after expanding treatment, be the silk flosssilk wadding shape, weight saving; Be merely traditional stack retting handle stalk heavy 1/15, the soil property nutritive cube heavy 1/30, and hole increases, and has gas phase, water, solid phase condition preferably; Control environment of crop root growth be can offer, cotton seedling, well developed root system cultivated with this matrix or other matrix of blending; Miao Qimiao is strong, is convenient to the operation of seedling raising process flow process, is fit to cotton cotton mechanical sock growing nursery more and transplants.Stalk is expanded to be with straw bulking machine processing, higher than method work efficiency such as traditional stack rettings, but about per hour production high-quality straw substrate 40 rams the loose soil with a stone-roller after sowing; Do not need traditional stack retting to handle the large-scale place that stalk is used, light ground mass is planted the land for growing field crops with cotton seedling, can also play chesson; Increase soil porosity; Prevent to harden, the effect of culture fertility is a kind of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer.
Make up the paper pot filling light ground mass of growing seedlings and grow seedlings, cotton shoot root system and light ground mass closely are combined together to form firm and whippy root ball, can keep long-distance transport and diffusing.Significantly reduce shipment, the loss of unloading.Light ground mass has good water retention property; The comparable cave of the cotton seedling survival period of not watering dish seedling prolongs 30 days, and light ground mass weight is low weight, is equivalent to 1/30 of soil property nutritive cube with the puffed base of isometric(al); Freight be can reduce greatly, mechanization seeding and seedling raising and transplanting are fit to very much.
10, said raising utilization rate of fertilizer, drought resistance strengthen; Owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings,, can prevent that cotton seedling from planting behind the land for growing field crops withered because of the long period arid because matrix itself has certain moisture capacity; Improve survival rate, guarantee cotton seedling normal growth growth.In matrix, added the starch grafting type high molecular polymer, can play letting fertilizer slow release, improving utilization rate of fertilizer, performance fertilizer long-acting, and increase the water retention property of matrix.
11, said environmentally safe, owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, said environment friendly and pollution-free, combination is grown seedlings and is rotted voluntarily gradually after paper pot is planted soil with cotton seedling, to soil, environmental nonpollution.Even some inorganic matrix can not rot for the moment, but does not also destroy soil, on the contrary to playing loose effect with the soil that uses chemical fertilizer more and more to harden because long-term enforcement is no-tillage.Straw substrate belongs to zero-emission in the process of processing and fabricating, environmentally safe.Plant in the soil, surpass 45 days paper pots and then rot voluntarily, pollution-free to the soil noresidue.
12, said economical character can satisfy the requirement that agricultural machinery uses, owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, flexible, there be not condition to use the place of machine sowing can adopt the by artificial seeding yet; There is not condition to use the place of transplanter can adopt artificial the transplanting yet; Not having the greenhouse also can carry out the little shed insulation of plastic film grows seedlings; Also can in the combination paper pot, fill the fine earth seeding and seedling raising in the place that does not have light ground mass.
13, said of many uses, owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, said wide, this method is not only used on raising seedling of cotton; Can also be cereal crops, economic crops, forestry nursery stock, vegetable or flower; Tobacco leaf, beet, gardening, the field extensive use of dry crop seedling raising and transplanting.
14, said practical, owing to adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, said realization this method investment is not high, only needs the stalk reaping machine; Pulverize bulking machine, stalk processing place and warehouse, paper web seedling alms bowl maker, matrix filling machine; Sower, seedling cultivation greenhouse, transplanter; Realizing that agricultural machinery agronomy combines, is a kind of realistic plan, and bigger practical value of tool and wide application prospect.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to explain concrete operation method of the present invention, not as restriction scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, make internal diameter 3cm, thickness 0.05cm, high 10cm seedling growth paper tube bondingly becomes one 400 paper pots of growing seedlings to make up with paper web and paper web are mutual.
2, crop stalk is rubbed be ground into the particle that 0.1cm～2cm differs in size, send into and carry out expanded pulverizing in the straw bulking machine.
3, the straw of pulverizing expanding treatment of learning from else's experience is joined xanthans by weight 1% ratio, sends into then in the charger, evenly adds in the cave of growing seedlings with charger, adds to one one-tenth in pot for growing seedlings cave and stops when dark.
4, the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment matches well to grow seedlings by 7: 3 volume and uses perlite; Weight ratio by this preparation matrix 1% adds the special-purpose short root manure 0.5%FA of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% matrix wetting agent; Send in the charger; With charger the matrix material is added in the seedling-cultivating tray tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
The seedling-cultivating tray that 5, will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, and pour in the sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization and sow, seed of every bunch planting, with identical matrix lid kind, lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm, moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse watering insulation and grows seedlings
The cotton seedling that 6, will reach the transplanting standard takes out together with the paper pot composite entity of growing seedlings, and puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field.
7, cotton seedling is placed on the transplanter transplants.
Embodiment 2
1, makes the high 13cm seedling growth paper tube of internal diameter 2cm,, hold with hardboard bottom the pot for growing seedlings the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes 400 caves of paper web and paper web; The size of supporting plate is equal to seedling-cultivating tray, and the supporting plate face is punchinged 400, and the aperture is not less than 1mm; So that excessive moisture in the eliminating paper pot; Use with hardboard around the paper web combination pot for growing seedlings and go along with sb. to guard him, hardboard height ratio paper web high 1cm suitable for reading prevents that the finished product seedling-cultivating tray of populated matrix from being damaged by pressure distortion in warehousing and transportation.
2, crop stalk is rubbed be ground into the particle that 0.1cm～5cm differs in size, send into and carry out expanded pulverizing in the straw bulking machine.
3, the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment matches well to grow seedlings by 1: 1 volume and uses vermiculite; Weight ratio by this preparation matrix 1% adds biological organic fertilizer and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox; Send in the charger; With charger the matrix material is added in the seedling-cultivating tray tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
4,5, the seedling-cultivating tray that will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, pour in the sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization and sow, seed of every bunch planting, with identical matrix lid kind, lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm, moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse watering insulation and grows seedlings
The cotton seedling that 5, will reach the transplanting standard goes out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field.
6, cotton seedling whole disc picking is gone out, be placed on the transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 3
1, make internal diameter 5cm, high 15cm seedling growth paper tube with the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, is held with hardboard bottom the pot for growing seedlings.Use with hardboard around the paper web combination seedling-cultivating tray and go along with sb. to guard him; The high 1cm of hardboard aspect ratio paper web seedling-cultivating tray around going along with sb. to guard him; Be convenient to populated substrate seedling dish finished product and pile up layer and pile up, the finished product seedling-cultivating tray that prevents populated matrix is damaged by pressure distortion in warehousing and transportation.
2, get to grow seedlings and use the peat composed of rotten mosses; The weight ratio of pressing the peat composed of rotten mosses 1% adds the special-purpose short root manure of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% matrix wetting agent, sends in the charger, with charger the matrix material is added in the pot for growing seedlings cave; The reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
The pot for growing seedlings that 3, will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, and with the paper web cutter cave of pushing suitable for reading, the cotton seed of selected sterilization is sowed with sower with taperer, seed of every bunch planting, and lid kind waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
The cotton seedling that 4, will reach the transplanting standard goes out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling whole disc picking is gone out, be placed on the transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 4
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 8cm seedling growth paper tube with the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, is held with hardboard bottom the pot for growing seedlings combination.
2, crop stalk is rubbed be ground into the particle that 0.1cm～5cm differs in size, send into and carry out expanded pulverizing in the straw bulking machine.
3, the fine earth that takes a morsel dries or air-dry, and the 40-100 order that sieves adds bactericide, pours in the charger, evenly adds in the seedling growing block with charger, and the pier reality stops when adding to the high about 10mm in cave.
4, add expanded straw substrate, limit edged upset pier is real, stops when adding to from the paper web cave mouth 1cm.
5, the seedling growing block that will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, sows with sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, and seed of every bunch planting, lid kind waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
The cotton seedling that 6, will reach the transplanting standard takes out together with seedling dish monoblock, puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field.
7, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on the transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 5
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 6cm seedling growth paper tube with the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, is held with hardboard bottom the pot for growing seedlings.
2, get to grow seedlings and use perlite; Weight ratio by matrix 1% adds the special-purpose short root manure of raising seedling of cotton and 0.5% starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox, sends in the charger, with charger the matrix material is added in the pot for growing seedlings cave; The reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
The combination pot for growing seedlings that 3, will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, sows with sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, and seed of every bunch planting, lid kind waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
The cotton seedling that 4, will reach the transplanting standard takes out together with seedling dish monoblock, puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on the transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 6
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 12cm seedling growth paper tube with the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, is held with hardboard bottom the pot for growing seedlings.
2, get to grow seedlings and use vermiculite; Weight ratio by matrix 1% adds the special-purpose short root manure of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox, sends in the charger, with charger the matrix material is added in the seedling-cultivating tray tube cave; The reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
The combination pot for growing seedlings that 3, will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, sows with sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, and seed of every bunch planting, lid kind waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
The cotton seedling that 4, will reach the transplanting standard takes out together with seedling dish monoblock, puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on the transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 7
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 20cm seedling growth paper tube with the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, is held with hardboard bottom the pot for growing seedlings.
2, get to grow seedlings and use traditional straw substrate, add the special-purpose short root manure (N10: P of raising seedling of cotton by weight ratio of this preparation matrix 1%
2O
550: K
2O 10+0.5%BSFA+0.5%CoSO
47H
2+ 0.5Na
2B
4O
710H
2O) and 0.5% starch grafting type water-loss reducer of matrix weight and matrix weight 0.2% clorox, send in the charger, with charger the matrix material is added in the seedling-cultivating tray tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
The combination pot for growing seedlings that 3, will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, sows with sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, and seed of every bunch planting, lid kind waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
The cotton seedling that 4, will reach the transplanting standard takes out together with seedling dish monoblock, puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on the transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 8
1, makes the high 13cm seedling growth paper tube of internal diameter 2cm,, hold with hardboard bottom the pot for growing seedlings the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes 400 caves of paper web and paper web; The size of supporting plate is equal to seedling-cultivating tray, and the supporting plate face is punchinged 400, and the aperture is not less than 1mm; So that excessive moisture in the eliminating paper pot; Use with hardboard around the paper web combination pot for growing seedlings and go along with sb. to guard him, hardboard height ratio paper web high 1cm suitable for reading prevents that the finished product seedling-cultivating tray of populated matrix from being damaged by pressure distortion in warehousing and transportation.
2, crop stalk is rubbed be ground into the particle that 0.1cm～5cm differs in size, send into and carry out expanded pulverizing in the straw bulking machine.
3, the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment matches well to grow seedlings by 1: 1 volume and uses vermiculite; Weight ratio by this preparation matrix 1% adds biological organic fertilizer and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox; Send in the charger; With charger the matrix material is added in the seedling-cultivating tray tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
The seedling-cultivating tray that 4, will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, pours in the sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization and sows, seed of every bunch planting; Matrix lid with identical is planted, and lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm, seals with paper; Deposit the warehouse in; Outbound after the beginning of spring in next year directly is placed in the greenhouse, and watering can be grown seedlings.
The cotton seedling that 5, will reach the transplanting standard goes out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, puts on the fortune seedling frame, transports to the edge of a field, is placed on the transplanter and transplants.
Claims (6)
1. a cotton culture new method is characterized in that, comprising:
(1), internal diameter 0.5cm～10cm, thickness 0.001cm～0.5cm, high 3cm～20cm paper web are made in the making of combination pot for growing seedlings; With paper web and the mutual bonding integrated combination seedling-cultivating tray of paper web, combination seedling-cultivating tray paper web is formed 10～2000 of numbers, can determine the size of pot for growing seedlings combination as required; Hold with hardboard combination seedling-cultivating tray bottom; The infiltration eye of 10～2000 diameter 0.1cm～0.5cm of supporting plate cutter, the supporting plate size is equal to the combination seedling-cultivating tray, goes along with sb. to guard him with hardboard around the combination seedling-cultivating tray; Thickness 0.01cm～the 0.5cm of hardboard; The aspect ratio seedling-cultivating tray of hardboard high 0.5cm～2cm suitable for reading or with height such as combination seedling-cultivating tray grade, the length of coaming plate is long with the combination web, seedling-cultivating tray is not combined in and can folds before the filling substrate; Grow seedlings nearby as if existing sowing at present, then make up bottom the seedling-cultivating tray and all around and need not set off and go along with sb. to guard him,, deliver to the sower upper seeding wheel then as long as open the folding direct filling substrate of combination seedling-cultivating tray with hardboard.The shape of combination seedling-cultivating tray paper web can be made into cylindrical as required, cellular hexagon, square, taper shape, can have butt plate and on seal and open-ended also can be arranged on the butt plate or do not have that base plate is supreme to seal;
(2), the processing of straw substrate rubs crop stalk and is ground into 0.1cm～20cm material that differs in size, send into to carry out expanded being crushed and screened in the straw bulking machine and be fit to grow seedlings with size;
(3), filling substrate processes the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment of pot for growing seedlings and matches well treated wood sawdust by 1: 0.1～5: 0.1～5 volume and grow seedlings with perlite or treated slag or the peat composed of rotten mosses or will treated fowl and animal excrement or carbonization rice husk or papermaking offcuts or press sugared offcuts or bacterium slag or coconut palm chaff or reed or bark or leaf or grow seedlings to be made into vermiculite or expanded ceramsite or foamed plastics or rock wool and be fit to raising seedling of cotton and use matrix, the matrix weight ratio by 0.001%～10% adds the raising seedling of cotton special use and urgees root manure (N10: P
2O
550: K
2O10+0.5EDTA+0.5CoSO
47H
2+ 0.5Na
2B
4O
710H
2O) or the graft copolymer of biological organic fertilizer and starch-mix monomer and 0.1%～0.5% clorox; Pour in the charger, through charger above-mentioned substance is added in the pot for growing seedlings combination tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real; Stop during apart from cave mouth 0.5cm～2cm adding; Last front cover layer paper, in case matrix leaks, with above-mentioned seedling medium by arbitrary proportion or the above-mentioned identical fertile medicine that is mixed separately fill paper pot;
(4), the sowing pot for growing seedlings combination that will fill up matrix sends into sower, pour in the sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization and sow, seed of every bunch planting, the lid kind is watered;
(5), grow seedlings and send into seedling cultivation greenhouse and carry out factorial seedling growth;
(6), get the cotton seedling that Miao Yunmiao will reach the transplanting standard and go out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, put on the fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field;
(7), transplant the cotton seedling of forward direction and spill and execute clear water, if alms bowl mesostroma moisture foot can not sprinkle water yet, cotton seedling whole disc picking is gone out, be placed on the transplanter and transplant, during transplanting, transplant together with the paper pot carrying substrates.
2. a kind of cotton culture new method according to claim 1 is characterized in that; Described seedling medium also comprises earth or bentonite; 1% ratio by its weight adds special-purpose fertilizer of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer, sends in the charger; With charger earth matrix material is added in the seedling-cultivating tray tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
3. a kind of cotton culture new method according to claim 1 is characterized in that; The described light ground mass of growing seedlings also comprises stack retting, steam, fermentation process processing stalk or agriculture and forestry organic waste material; 1% ratio by its weight adds special-purpose fertilizer of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer, sends in the charger; With charger earth matrix material is added in the seedling-cultivating tray tube cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, adds to when tube 1cm suitable for reading to stop.
4. a kind of cotton culture new method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described seedling-cultivating tray that will fill up matrix is placed on the sower, pours in the sower with the cotton seed of selected sterilization and sows; Seed of every bunch planting is planted with identical matrix lid, and lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm; Seal with paper, deposit the warehouse in, outbound after the beginning of spring in next year; Directly be placed in the greenhouse, watering can be grown seedlings.
5. a kind of cotton culture new method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, and is can the alms bowl body between the described pot for growing seedlings bonding mutually, also can contact mutually through attachment.
6. a kind of cotton culture new method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described growing seedlings not only is used as cultivation cotton seedling, can also be cereal crops, and economic crops; The forestry nursery stock, vegetable or flower, tobacco leaf; Beet, gardening, the field extensive use of dry crop seedling raising and transplanting.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103109659A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-22 | 石河子农业科技开发研究中心 | Hybrid cotton hole-tray seedling raising, transplanting and seed production technology |
| CN103210778A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method of sweet potato sprout |
| CN103477848A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN103755424A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-04-30 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Special compound fertilizer for cotton seedling-raising nursery |
| CN104429475A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-25 | 固镇县科茂棉花专业合作社 | Scientific cotton planting method |
| CN105638202A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Novel light, simple and efficient cultivation method for continuous cropping of cotton and potatoes |
| CN106588411A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 国营全椒县棉花原种总场 | Cotton breeding matrix |
| CN106818160A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-06-13 | 江西省棉花研究所 | A kind of straw berry tomato culturing and transplanting seedlings new method |
| CN108575646A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-28 | 庐山市环绿时代农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cotton |
| CN109964602A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-05 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae method for culturing and transplanting seedlings and transplantation device |
| CN111527825A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-14 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cotton sowing method |
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| CN103210778A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method of sweet potato sprout |
| CN103477848A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN103477848B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-11-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN103755424A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-04-30 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Special compound fertilizer for cotton seedling-raising nursery |
| CN103755424B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-04-22 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Special compound fertilizer for cotton seedling-raising nursery |
| CN104429475A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-25 | 固镇县科茂棉花专业合作社 | Scientific cotton planting method |
| CN105638202A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Novel light, simple and efficient cultivation method for continuous cropping of cotton and potatoes |
| CN106588411A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 国营全椒县棉花原种总场 | Cotton breeding matrix |
| CN106588411B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-02-09 | 国营全椒县棉花原种总场 | A kind of raising seedling of cotton matrix |
| CN106818160A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-06-13 | 江西省棉花研究所 | A kind of straw berry tomato culturing and transplanting seedlings new method |
| CN108575646A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-28 | 庐山市环绿时代农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cotton |
| CN109964602A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-05 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae method for culturing and transplanting seedlings and transplantation device |
| CN109964602B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-10-26 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling transplanting method and transplanting device |
| CN111527825A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-14 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cotton sowing method |
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