CN103109659A - Hybrid cotton hole-tray seedling raising, transplanting and seed production technology - Google Patents
Hybrid cotton hole-tray seedling raising, transplanting and seed production technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103109659A CN103109659A CN2013100316090A CN201310031609A CN103109659A CN 103109659 A CN103109659 A CN 103109659A CN 2013100316090 A CN2013100316090 A CN 2013100316090A CN 201310031609 A CN201310031609 A CN 201310031609A CN 103109659 A CN103109659 A CN 103109659A
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Abstract
The invention provides a hybrid cotton hole-tray seedling raising, transplanting and seed production technology which comprises the following steps: seedling raising; transplanting management; post-planting management; and breeding management. According to the hybrid cotton hole-tray seedling raising, transplanting and seed production technology, a hole-tray seeding raising and transplanting technology and artificial emasculation seed production technology are effectively combined and optimized, the seed production period is ahead of schedule and prolonged by 8 days to 10 days, seed production cotton ball bearing rate is increased by 18.45%, seed production output is increased by 42.6%, and hybrid cotton seed farm average seed per mu yield is enabled to be increased from 84.5kg to 120.5kg.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of culture technique, particularly, relate to a kind of hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique.
Background technology
Xinjiang is located in Eurasian innerland, and the photo-thermal aboundresources is sufficient, is the zone of the maximum suitable planting cotton of China.The sown areas of cotton in my district have developed into nearly 2,600 ten thousand mu, and total the producing of cotton accounted for 50% of national output in 2012.Under the giving special assistance to of country, I distinguish and have realized cotton per unit area yield, total steady-state growth of producing, the existing high quality cotton production base of built Largest In China, and be defined as cotton strong industry band by country, area, always produce, that the amount of accessing occupied the whole nation in continuous 15 years is the first.Cotton Industry has become the pillar industry of autonomous region and formation.Cotton is as the Main Economic crop of Xinjiang and formation and important source of finance, and is significant to the income that increases the worker.The production of Xinjiang in Recent Years and formation cotton develops fast, the application that has benefited from new varieties and new technology to a great extent.
Seed is the means of production the most basic in agricultural production, and using improved seeds is the optimal paths that increase output, raising quality, increase benefit, and the replacing of each kind all produces once large promotion to agricultural production.The application of improved seeds, not only can promote quality of agricultural product improvement, the adjustment of the structure of agricultural production, the progress of culture technique, and be directly connected to the sustainable development of increasing peasant income and regional society's economy, new varieties in the Cotton Production scientific and technological progress portion up to 40%, accelerate improved seeds seed selection, wealthy numerous, to promote be the needs of Xinjiang and formation's agricultural fast and stable development.
The advanced experience that in also progressively use for reference in the crop mix adjustment as the most important Cotton Production of China base in Xinjiang, cotton provinces and cities are planted on ground begins to be inclined to the hybrid cotton of planting the high-yield and high-efficiency high-quality.Hybrid cotton development in recent years is very swift and violent, more than 195 ten thousand mu of 2007--2012 Xinjiang formation plantation hybridization, and 175.74 kilograms of average yield per mu gined cottons are than 24.74 kilograms of conventional cotton volume increase, volume increase 16.4%.As seen develop hybrid cotton and be guarantee national food safely, subtract cotton synergy, increase per unit area yield, protect always produce, increase benefit, cotton industry sustainable development is planted in Xinjiang under the new situation inevitable choice.
By in June, 2012 Xinjiang authorize altogether 5 of precocious hybrid cotton kinds, the Comprehensive Traits such as its output, resistance, quality all are better than the conventional cotton variety of the same period, but because being subjected to the technical limitations of the sowing in the field production of hybrid seeds, the low seed costs of hybrid seed yield is high, 2,000,000 mu of the area deficiencies of nearly 10 years large-scale application on producing are only 1/10th of the 1 year sown areas of cotton in Xinjiang.Distinguish the further raising of breeding and plantation level along with me, the hybrid cotton promotion rate is progressively accelerated soon, and the seed demand can further strengthen, and relies on conventional seeding technique in the past to produce crossbreed, and the price that yields poorly is high, is difficult to reach the equilibrium of supply and demand.Therefore produce upper in the urgent need to developing the high-yield seeds production technique of precocious hybrid cotton, the production crossbreed of rapid, high volume, the upper needs to crossbreed of satisfied production.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome existing defective, and a kind of hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique is provided, and comprises the steps:
(1) seedling management: comprise that seedling growth greenhouse is prepared, cave dish preparations, seed selection, seed treatment, sabot, sowing, vernalization, cave dish are filled the gaps with seedlings, the step of nursery stage water management, nursery temperature management, change accent, hardening;
(2) transplanting and management: comprise the step that Different Transplanting Periods selection, lifting, soil are prepared, the transplanting seedling age is selected, Transplanting Density is selected;
(3) plant rear management: comprise the step of dripping a seedling recovering water, intertilling, pour water, planting rearization accent, fertilising;
(4) production of hybrid seeds management: comprise seeding technique training and staffing, strict impurity elimination, producing Crossbred, pluck a minute contracture in good time and roll, the step of strict Seed Identification.
Particularly, described seedling management is:
(1) seedling growth greenhouse is prepared: select away from planting vegetables, plant colored greenhouse winter, break off the worm source; Before growing seedlings, thoroughly remove the residual worm of greenhouse weeds; Take off film the greenhouse is carried out detaining canopy after freezing processing 5-7 days, set up close line nylon fly net at ventilation mouth place simultaneously; Broadcast front the previous day warm canopy is airtight, smoked canopy 12 hours with 2250g-3000ghm-2 tpn aerosol;
(2) the cave dish is prepared: facts have proved through the tests of several years and Production of Large Fields: cotton is system of taproot crop, and should select specification is the 72 hole seedling dishes of 30*50*7;
(3) seed is selected: the meticulous machine choosing of parental seed coordinates artificial grain-by-grain seed selection; Percentage of seedgermination ﹥ 85%, cleanliness ﹥ 99%, and purity ﹥ 95%; Test shows, when 9 ℃～17 ℃ of soil temperature were transplanted, the kind seedling-slowing stage of resistance was short, and 20～30 ℃, with the rising of temperature, the cotton transplantation of seedlings seedling-slowing stage of each kind all raises gradually, and gap is dwindled;
(4) seed treatment: broadcast front use 40% tertiary sodium phosphate and processed 20 minutes, then with clear water, that the medicine liquid washing on seed is clean, with sowing after grain weight 8 ‰ chlormequat seed dressings;
(5) first mix wetly before the sabot medium in tray, namely hand is pinched agglomeratingly, and finger loses and drips, and sabot strikes off the seedling panel surface with batten;
(6) sowing: the sowing time is – March 25 March 20, fully guarantees to transplant seedling age about 30 days, the dark 1cm of dibbling;
(7) vernalization: put on seedling dish plane, and temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and broad film covers (or air humidity reaches 60%-70%), treats that 80% cotton seed radicle shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally (1mm), and vernalization is completed, and takes off film, falls air themperature to 17～23 ℃; In case high pin seedling, under root system, bundle is too fast, and fibrous root integral body concentrates on dish bottom, cave; Fall air humidity, prevent that disease from occuring;
(8) the cave dish is filled the gaps with seedlings: at 80% seed arch soil, obviously as seen scarce cave will urge the seed of bud to fill into the hole in advance; Before cotyledon does not launch, promptly with the seedling-lacking hole polishing;
(9) nursery stage water management: take to hang the spray that declines; Between do, wet; Avoid overdrying, fibrous root is dead because of dehydration; Avoid excessively wet for a long time, susceptible disease; The five days moving once dishes in interval prevent from pricking under the large root system of surface humidity;
(10) nursery temperature: greenhouse temperature general control is between 17～25 ℃; Cave dish temperature is controlled 17～23 ℃; Temperature is too low, and rust appears in cotton shoot root section, easily rotten dead seedling; Excess Temperature, the prosperous length of cotton seedling is changed the accent difficulty, the elongated easy lodging of cane;
(11) change accent: when two cotyledons of emerging flattened, looking of consumption timing temperature, cotton seedling growing way took the circumstances into consideration to use mepiquat chloride, and consumption is unsuitable overweight, laid particular stress on to cause leaf emergence rate slow, and young leaves is not sent out, leaf-shrinkage; Cross prosperous length easily, cotton seedling is thin and tall, thin and weak, cotyledon comes off, and easily lodges, is subject to windburn after transplanting;
(12) hardening: emerge rear according to temperature conditions in the greenhouse, progressively ventilate, hardening; Namely begin to ventilate when temperature of shed surpasses 27 ℃ (generally fine, noon ten two left and right), the top is opened in first part, then strengthens ventilation gradually, prevents from dodging seedling; Transplant and can take off the canopy film at assurance temperature fully more than 17 ℃ in front 5 days to 7 days, abundant hardening, during hardening, temperature can not be too low, is subjected to chilling injury to stop cotton seedling; 1.13 the extermination of disease and insect pest: Major Diseases is damping off; Insect pest is aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum; Prevent and treat damping off; Carry out the matrix sterilization before sowing, control is watered, and leaks informaton after watering, and reduces air humidity; Night in seedling stage, temperature must not be lower than 17 ℃, and their early stage sprays tpn, carbendazim, 800 times of liquid of zineb; Aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum are anti-as main take physics, cut off the worm source.
Particularly, described transplanting and management is:
(1) Different Transplanting Periods: soil 5cm temperature stabilization is more than 17 ℃, and cotton root system tightly is wound around matrix, the loose phenomenon that sticks together occurs when cotton seedling pulls up Shi Buhui from the cave dish; Cotton seedling can be put into multiple field fortune seedling Turnround basket, releasing basket layer by layer, but cave dish seedling long distance transportation, its planting survival rates can reach 100%; The normal time of North SinKiang is generally 28-May 5 April; Temperature is too low, and cotton seedling shows and damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature symptom, and red autumnal leaves, root browning, fibrous root death form stiff seedling;
(2) lifting: cotton seedling carrying substrates goes out the cave, gets to water before seedling permeablely, gets the seedling main root not impaired, easily saves root system from damage;
(3) soil is prepared: it is accurate that whole ground standard reaches " moisture in the soil, pine, flat, clean, neat, broken " six signs; Complete irrigate band and mulch film; Adopt film two pipe drip irrigations; During transplanting, soil is held agglomeratingly, lands namely loose (humidity of field seeding), can transplant; Soil is too dried, is contention moisture with cotton shoot root after planting, and under the sun tanned by the sun, plant was easily wilted, and cotton seedling seedling-slowing stage is long; Soil is too wet, manually transplants or machinery is transplanted and caused soil compaction, and cotton root system vegetative activity limited space, foundation section expands, and affect cotton seedling and grows;
(4) transplant seedling age: cave dish seedling moves three leaf wholeheartedly or four leaves and transplants; Select robust plant, the cotton transplantation of seedlings of well developed root system; Weak seedling seedling discards;
(5) Transplanting Density: hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling Suitable Density is at 60000 – 80000 strain hm
-2
Particularly, manage after described cultivation and be:
(1) drip seedling recovering water: after transplanting, 150-225m drips
3Hm
-2The water yield is unsuitable excessive, otherwise spring, temperature was changeable, and soil temperature is low, is unfavorable for slow seedling;
(2) intertill: in time intertillage after planting, when abolishing transplanting, harden in ground; Every intertillage in 7-8 days once, continuous three times, improve ground temperature, short seedling is early sent out;
(3) pour water: the first water after slow seedling was intake 6-8 days in advance than live ground, filling amount 375-450 m
3Hm
-2, drip evenly; Later stage cuts off the water can not be too early, otherwise easily early ageing;
(4) plant thenization accent, fertilising, carry out according to the characteristics of cotton growthdevelopmental stage.
Particularly, described production of hybrid seeds management is:
Production of hybrid seeds elementary period,, the normal time, probably before and after June 10,50% cotton plant the first fruit branch is bloomed and can be carried out, and was specific as follows generally cultivation about about 40 days afterwards:
(1) seeding technique training and staffing
At first should select careful skillful with one's hands, the convenient workman of being convenient to the field operation of action, utilize and carry out the seeding technique training slack season, the field operates on the spot, after hero, pollination technique have been spent in skilled grasp stripping, examine through the technology supervisor, eligible is employed, and the production of hybrid seeds personnel that employed reserved thumbnail in front 10 days in the production of hybrid seeds, so that hero has been spent in stripping; Seed farm guarantees 60-90 labour of per hectare; Set up technology groups and carry out the arrangement of production of hybrid seeds work and the formulation of technical specification, by seeding technique group and production of hybrid seeds family signing production of hybrid seeds contract, guarantee that field technique inspection and guidance put in place; Every 1 hectare needs quality inspection technician 1 people at least, is responsible for checking quality and the technological guidance of emasculation, pollination, strictly to emasculation time and the supervision and check of leaking flower, leaking powder, maintains strict control over gate of the quality monitoring during the production of hybrid seeds, guarantees seed production purity;
(2) strict impurity elimination
Ask the expert to seed farm situ appraisal hybrid strain by production of hybrid seeds unit, production of hybrid seeds head of the unit and technical staff will study hard, and are convenient to instruct to kind of agriculture or worker in the impurity elimination process; Seedling stage, in conjunction with thinning, final singling, tentatively reject hybrid strain; Due to seedling stage blade profile, plant type also fully long, hybrid strain should not be recognized, must continue impurity elimination at squaring period, initial bloom stage; Identify that the hybrid strain emphasis is in blade profile squaring period; Current impurity elimination is particularly important, the biology hybrid after can effectively preventing from blooming, and impurity elimination must be thoroughly; Set up seed Purity Field system of check and acceptance, in strict accordance with test stone between the seed-breeding field, quality examination is carried out in production of hybrid seeds base by breeding unit, check detail record as a result file, person liable's identifications of signing then and there is according to this as the foundation of evaluating the impurity elimination quality;
(3) producing Crossbred
The production of hybrid seeds time, generally before and after June 10, seed farm must first all be extractd the colored bell before the production of hybrid seeds; Generally afternoon on the previous day 15:00 ~ 21:00 point carry out the female parent stripping and spent hero; Should note during emasculation: 1. first go to go little flower bud after large flower bud; What 2. finger nail was inserted is too dark, can not be too shallow, settle at one go, and too deeply easily injure ovary and adventitia, too shallowly be not easy to divest stamen; 3. the action of stripping flower wants dynamics moderate, the too fast accidental injury column cap of not exerting oneself; 4. emasculation wants thoroughly on style, flower pesticide can not be arranged, and can not damage ovary and style, bract; 5. use red line mark smoothly on the flower bud handle after emasculation, the corolla that peels is taken field out of; The male parent flower that production of hybrid seeds personnel will will open before darkness next day is taken, and takes home to spread indoor standby; Before pollination next day, maternal field is carefully checked again, extract the flower that does not have emasculation of careless omission; Pluck flower that pollen abundant maturation scatter during 9:00 ~ 1:30 male parent loose powder the morning, and petal is turned upside down outside luxuriant industry leaf, and pollen is put on maternal column cap uniformly, do not put forth one's strength and wipe in order to avoid damage column cap; A general flower can be awarded 4-5 female flower; Also can adopt in the foraminate syringe of packing into open after powder, will be pollinated in the column cap patchhole, spend than routine flower is pollinated evenly; Extractd smoothly by the above bud of pink blossom, concentrate nutrient for the hybridization bell; During hybrid seeding, interrupt producing Crossbred as continuous rainfall, should in time extract open flower, prevent selfing Cheng Ling; After hybrid seeding finished, all flower buds and invalid fruit branch were all removed, and guarantee seed production purity, kept ventilation and penetrating light, improved photosynthetic efficiency, alleviated fruit abscission rate; In whole production of hybrid seeds process, seed farm must not have flowering;
(4) pluck a minute contracture in good time roll, strict Seed Identification
Strict by strain, by the bell inspection before receipts are spent, extract the autogamous cotton boll of slipping through the net; Receipts will singly fill when spending, single storage, must divide the family dated or labelled inside and outside bag; Write production of hybrid seeds family name exactly, hand over kind of a quantity, so that follow-up investigation purity in the future; And random sampling is preserved from bag, after Purity meets standard, carefully checks archives and is purchased after errorless.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has and effect (namely having overcome what shortcoming of prior art) please in conjunction with concrete structure, industrial analysis, and have suitable data.Before and after 10 days April general date of seeding of the sowing in the field production of hybrid seeds, the transplanting hole tray seedling date of seeding, can be advanced to before and after March 5, about 30 days in advance, promotes that the parent shifts to an earlier date germination and growth.The general planting density of the sowing in the field production of hybrid seeds is at 15-21 ten thousand strain hm
-2, seedling raising and transplanting 6 – 80,000 strain hm
-2, save parental seed consumption 60-70%.The sowing in the field parent is bloomed many before and after June 25, the seedling raising and transplanting parent is bloomed and is advanced to about June 10 more, the early production of hybrid seeds 15 days, the general production of hybrid seeds phase of the sowing in the field production of hybrid seeds is before and after June 25 to July 30, the production of hybrid seeds phase is 30-35 days, the seedling raising and transplanting production of hybrid seeds phase be June 10 to July 25, the production of hybrid seeds phase is 40-45 days, extend 10-15 days production of hybrid seeds phase, with production of hybrid seeds time lengthening nearly 50%.It is 28.2-45.7% that the sowing in the field production of hybrid seeds, general cross become the bell rate, and the seedling raising and transplanting production of hybrid seeds is owing to sowing in advance the thin planting ventilation and penetrating light, ontogeny early, robust plant is hybridized to the bell rate and brings up to 60.8-74.1%.The sowing in the field production of hybrid seeds, hybrid seed yield is generally 1200-1500kghm-2, and seedling raising and transplanting hybrid seed yield 1600-2400 kghm-2 improves hybrid seed yield more than 40%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique comprises the steps:
(1) seedling management: comprise that seedling growth greenhouse is prepared, cave dish preparations, seed selection, seed treatment, sabot, sowing, vernalization, cave dish are filled the gaps with seedlings, the step of nursery stage water management, nursery temperature management, change accent, hardening;
(2) transplanting and management: comprise the step that Different Transplanting Periods selection, lifting, soil are prepared, the transplanting seedling age is selected, Transplanting Density is selected;
(3) plant rear management: comprise the step of dripping a seedling recovering water, intertilling, pour water, planting rearization accent, fertilising;
(4) production of hybrid seeds management: comprise seeding technique training and staffing, strict impurity elimination, producing Crossbred, pluck a minute contracture in good time and roll, the step of strict Seed Identification.
Embodiment 2
A kind of hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique comprises the steps:
(1) seedling management: comprise that seedling growth greenhouse is prepared, cave dish preparations, seed selection, seed treatment, sabot, sowing, vernalization, cave dish are filled the gaps with seedlings, the step of nursery stage water management, nursery temperature management, change accent, hardening;
(2) transplanting and management: comprise the step that Different Transplanting Periods selection, lifting, soil are prepared, the transplanting seedling age is selected, Transplanting Density is selected;
(3) plant rear management: comprise the step of dripping a seedling recovering water, intertilling, pour water, planting rearization accent, fertilising;
(4) production of hybrid seeds management: comprise seeding technique training and staffing, strict impurity elimination, producing Crossbred, pluck a minute contracture in good time and roll, the step of strict Seed Identification.
Particularly, described seedling management is:
(1) seedling growth greenhouse is prepared: select away from planting vegetables, plant colored greenhouse winter, break off the worm source; Before growing seedlings, thoroughly remove the residual worm of greenhouse weeds; Take off film the greenhouse is carried out detaining canopy after freezing processing 5-7 days, set up close line nylon fly net at ventilation mouth place simultaneously; Broadcast front the previous day warm canopy is airtight, smoked canopy 12 hours with 2250g-3000ghm-2 tpn aerosol;
(2) the cave dish is prepared: facts have proved through the tests of several years and Production of Large Fields: cotton is system of taproot crop, and should select specification is the 72 hole seedling dishes of 30*50*7;
(3) seed is selected: the meticulous machine choosing of parental seed coordinates artificial grain-by-grain seed selection; Percentage of seedgermination ﹥ 85%, cleanliness ﹥ 99%, and purity ﹥ 95%; Test shows, when 9 ℃～17 ℃ of soil temperature were transplanted, the kind seedling-slowing stage of resistance was short, and 20～30 ℃, with the rising of temperature, the cotton transplantation of seedlings seedling-slowing stage of each kind all raises gradually, and gap is dwindled;
(4) seed treatment: broadcast front use 40% tertiary sodium phosphate and processed 20 minutes, then with clear water, that the medicine liquid washing on seed is clean, with sowing after grain weight 8 ‰ chlormequat seed dressings;
(5) first mix wetly before the sabot medium in tray, namely hand is pinched agglomeratingly, and finger loses and drips, and sabot strikes off the seedling panel surface with batten;
(6) sowing: the sowing time is – March 25 March 20, fully guarantees to transplant seedling age about 30 days, the dark 1cm of dibbling;
(7) vernalization: put on seedling dish plane, and temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and broad film covers (or air humidity reaches 60%-70%), treats that 80% cotton seed radicle shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally (1mm), and vernalization is completed, and takes off film, falls air themperature to 17～23 ℃; In case high pin seedling, under root system, bundle is too fast, and fibrous root integral body concentrates on dish bottom, cave; Fall air humidity, prevent that disease from occuring;
(8) the cave dish is filled the gaps with seedlings: at 80% seed arch soil, obviously as seen scarce cave will urge the seed of bud to fill into the hole in advance; Before cotyledon does not launch, promptly with the seedling-lacking hole polishing;
(9) nursery stage water management: take to hang the spray that declines; Between do, wet; Avoid overdrying, fibrous root is dead because of dehydration; Avoid excessively wet for a long time, susceptible disease; The five days moving once dishes in interval prevent from pricking under the large root system of surface humidity;
(10) nursery temperature: greenhouse temperature general control is between 17～25 ℃; Cave dish temperature is controlled 17～23 ℃; Temperature is too low, and rust appears in cotton shoot root section, easily rotten dead seedling; Excess Temperature, the prosperous length of cotton seedling is changed the accent difficulty, the elongated easy lodging of cane;
(11) change accent: when two cotyledons of emerging flattened, looking of consumption timing temperature, cotton seedling growing way took the circumstances into consideration to use mepiquat chloride, and consumption is unsuitable overweight, laid particular stress on to cause leaf emergence rate slow, and young leaves is not sent out, leaf-shrinkage; Cross prosperous length easily, cotton seedling is thin and tall, thin and weak, cotyledon comes off, and easily lodges, is subject to windburn after transplanting;
(12) hardening: emerge rear according to temperature conditions in the greenhouse, progressively ventilate, hardening; Namely begin to ventilate when temperature of shed surpasses 27 ℃ (generally fine, noon ten two left and right), the top is opened in first part, then strengthens ventilation gradually, prevents from dodging seedling; Transplant and can take off the canopy film at assurance temperature fully more than 17 ℃ in front 5 days to 7 days, abundant hardening, during hardening, temperature can not be too low, is subjected to chilling injury to stop cotton seedling; 1.13 the extermination of disease and insect pest: Major Diseases is damping off; Insect pest is aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum; Prevent and treat damping off; Carry out the matrix sterilization before sowing, control is watered, and leaks informaton after watering, and reduces air humidity; Night in seedling stage, temperature must not be lower than 17 ℃, and their early stage sprays tpn, carbendazim, 800 times of liquid of zineb; Aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum are anti-as main take physics, cut off the worm source.
Particularly, described transplanting and management is:
(1) Different Transplanting Periods: soil 5cm temperature stabilization is more than 17 ℃, and cotton root system tightly is wound around matrix, the loose phenomenon that sticks together occurs when cotton seedling pulls up Shi Buhui from the cave dish; Cotton seedling can be put into multiple field fortune seedling Turnround basket, releasing basket layer by layer, but cave dish seedling long distance transportation, its planting survival rates can reach 100%; The normal time of North SinKiang is generally 28-May 5 April; Temperature is too low, and cotton seedling shows and damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature symptom, and red autumnal leaves, root browning, fibrous root death form stiff seedling;
(2) lifting: cotton seedling carrying substrates goes out the cave, gets to water before seedling permeablely, gets the seedling main root not impaired, easily saves root system from damage;
(3) soil is prepared: it is accurate that whole ground standard reaches " moisture in the soil, pine, flat, clean, neat, broken " six signs; Complete irrigate band and mulch film; Adopt film two pipe drip irrigations; During transplanting, soil is held agglomeratingly, lands namely loose (humidity of field seeding), can transplant; Soil is too dried, is contention moisture with cotton shoot root after planting, and under the sun tanned by the sun, plant was easily wilted, and cotton seedling seedling-slowing stage is long; Soil is too wet, manually transplants or machinery is transplanted and caused soil compaction, and cotton root system vegetative activity limited space, foundation section expands, and affect cotton seedling and grows;
(4) transplant seedling age: cave dish seedling moves three leaf wholeheartedly or four leaves and transplants; Select robust plant, the cotton transplantation of seedlings of well developed root system; Weak seedling seedling discards;
(5) Transplanting Density: hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling Suitable Density is at 60000 – 80000 strain hm
-2
Particularly, manage after described cultivation and be:
(1) drip seedling recovering water: after transplanting, 150-225m drips
3Hm
-2The water yield is unsuitable excessive, otherwise spring, temperature was changeable, and soil temperature is low, is unfavorable for slow seedling;
(2) intertill: in time intertillage after planting, when abolishing transplanting, harden in ground; Every intertillage in 7-8 days once, continuous three times, improve ground temperature, short seedling is early sent out;
(3) pour water: the first water after slow seedling was intake 6-8 days in advance than live ground, filling amount 375-450 m
3Hm
-2, drip evenly; Later stage cuts off the water can not be too early, otherwise easily early ageing;
(4) plant thenization accent, fertilising, carry out according to the characteristics of cotton growthdevelopmental stage.
Particularly, described production of hybrid seeds management is:
Probably before and after June 10,50% cotton plant the first fruit branch was bloomed and can be carried out, and particularly, comprising the normal time generally cultivation about about 40 days afterwards production of hybrid seeds elementary period:
(1) seeding technique training and staffing
At first should select careful skillful with one's hands, the convenient workman of being convenient to the field operation of action, utilize and carry out the seeding technique training slack season, the field operates on the spot, after hero, pollination technique have been spent in skilled grasp stripping, examine through the technology supervisor, eligible is employed, and the production of hybrid seeds personnel that employed reserved thumbnail in front 10 days in the production of hybrid seeds, so that hero has been spent in stripping; Seed farm guarantees 60-90 labour of per hectare; Set up technology groups and carry out the arrangement of production of hybrid seeds work and the formulation of technical specification, by seeding technique group and production of hybrid seeds family signing production of hybrid seeds contract, guarantee that field technique inspection and guidance put in place; Every 1 hectare needs quality inspection technician 1 people at least, is responsible for checking quality and the technological guidance of emasculation, pollination, strictly to emasculation time and the supervision and check of leaking flower, leaking powder, maintains strict control over gate of the quality monitoring during the production of hybrid seeds, guarantees seed production purity;
(2) strict impurity elimination
Ask the expert to seed farm situ appraisal hybrid strain by production of hybrid seeds unit, production of hybrid seeds head of the unit and technical staff will study hard, and are convenient to instruct to kind of agriculture or worker in the impurity elimination process; Seedling stage, in conjunction with thinning, final singling, tentatively reject hybrid strain; Due to seedling stage blade profile, plant type also fully long, hybrid strain should not be recognized, must continue impurity elimination at squaring period, initial bloom stage; Identify that the hybrid strain emphasis is in blade profile squaring period; Current impurity elimination is particularly important, the biology hybrid after can effectively preventing from blooming, and impurity elimination must be thoroughly; Set up seed Purity Field system of check and acceptance, in strict accordance with test stone between the seed-breeding field, quality examination is carried out in production of hybrid seeds base by breeding unit, check detail record as a result file, person liable's identifications of signing then and there is according to this as the foundation of evaluating the impurity elimination quality;
(3) producing Crossbred
The production of hybrid seeds time, generally before and after June 10, seed farm must first all be extractd the colored bell before the production of hybrid seeds; Generally afternoon on the previous day 15:00 ~ 21:00 point carry out the female parent stripping and spent hero; Should note during emasculation: 1. first go to go little flower bud after large flower bud; What 2. finger nail was inserted is too dark, can not be too shallow, settle at one go, and too deeply easily injure ovary and adventitia, too shallowly be not easy to divest stamen; 3. the action of stripping flower wants dynamics moderate, the too fast accidental injury column cap of not exerting oneself; 4. emasculation wants thoroughly on style, flower pesticide can not be arranged, and can not damage ovary and style, bract; 5. use red line mark smoothly on the flower bud handle after emasculation, the corolla that peels is taken field out of; The male parent flower that production of hybrid seeds personnel will will open before darkness next day is taken, and takes home to spread indoor standby; Before pollination next day, maternal field is carefully checked again, extract the flower that does not have emasculation of careless omission; Pluck flower that pollen abundant maturation scatter during 9:00 ~ 1:30 male parent loose powder the morning, and petal is turned upside down outside luxuriant industry leaf, and pollen is put on maternal column cap uniformly, do not put forth one's strength and wipe in order to avoid damage column cap; A general flower can be awarded 4-5 female flower; Also can adopt in the foraminate syringe of packing into open after powder, will be pollinated in the column cap patchhole, spend than routine flower is pollinated evenly; Extractd smoothly by the above bud of pink blossom, concentrate nutrient for the hybridization bell; During hybrid seeding, interrupt producing Crossbred as continuous rainfall, should in time extract open flower, prevent selfing Cheng Ling; After hybrid seeding finished, all flower buds and invalid fruit branch were all removed, and guarantee seed production purity, kept ventilation and penetrating light, improved photosynthetic efficiency, alleviated fruit abscission rate; In whole production of hybrid seeds process, seed farm must not have flowering;
(4) pluck a minute contracture in good time roll, strict Seed Identification
Strict by strain, by the bell inspection before receipts are spent, extract the autogamous cotton boll of slipping through the net; Receipts will singly fill when spending, single storage, must divide the family dated or labelled inside and outside bag; Write production of hybrid seeds family name exactly, hand over kind of a quantity, so that follow-up investigation purity in the future; And random sampling is preserved from bag, after Purity meets standard, carefully checks archives and is purchased after errorless.
It should be noted that at last: the above only is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) seedling management: comprise that seedling growth greenhouse is prepared, cave dish preparations, seed selection, seed treatment, sabot, sowing, vernalization, cave dish are filled the gaps with seedlings, the step of nursery stage water management, nursery temperature management, change accent, hardening;
(2) transplanting and management: comprise the step that Different Transplanting Periods selection, lifting, soil are prepared, the transplanting seedling age is selected, Transplanting Density is selected;
(3) plant rear management: comprise the step of dripping a seedling recovering water, intertilling, pour water, planting rearization accent, fertilising;
(4) production of hybrid seeds management: comprise seeding technique training and staffing, strict impurity elimination, producing Crossbred, pluck a minute contracture in good time and roll, the step of strict Seed Identification.
2. hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described seedling management is:
(1) seedling growth greenhouse is prepared: select away from planting vegetables, plant colored greenhouse winter, break off the worm source; Before growing seedlings, thoroughly remove the residual worm of greenhouse weeds; Take off film the greenhouse is carried out detaining canopy after freezing processing 5-7 days, set up close line nylon fly net at ventilation mouth place simultaneously; Broadcast front the previous day warm canopy is airtight, smoked canopy 12 hours with 2250g-3000ghm-2 tpn aerosol;
(2) the cave dish is prepared: facts have proved through the tests of several years and Production of Large Fields: cotton is system of taproot crop, and should select specification is the 72 hole seedling dishes of 30*50*7;
(3) seed is selected: the meticulous machine choosing of parental seed coordinates artificial grain-by-grain seed selection; Percentage of seedgermination ﹥ 85%, cleanliness ﹥ 99%, and purity ﹥ 95%; Test shows, when 9 ℃～17 ℃ of soil temperature were transplanted, the kind seedling-slowing stage of resistance was short, and 20～30 ℃, with the rising of temperature, the cotton transplantation of seedlings seedling-slowing stage of each kind all raises gradually, and gap is dwindled;
(4) seed treatment: broadcast front use 40% tertiary sodium phosphate and processed 20 minutes, then with clear water, that the medicine liquid washing on seed is clean, with sowing after grain weight 8 ‰ chlormequat seed dressings;
(5) first mix wetly before the sabot medium in tray, namely hand is pinched agglomeratingly, and finger loses and drips, and sabot strikes off the seedling panel surface with batten;
(6) sowing: the sowing time is – March 25 March 20, fully guarantees to transplant seedling age about 30 days, the dark 1cm of dibbling;
(7) vernalization: put on seedling dish plane, and temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and broad film covers (or air humidity reaches 60%-70%), treats that 80% cotton seed radicle shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally (1mm), and vernalization is completed, and takes off film, falls air themperature to 17～23 ℃; In case high pin seedling, under root system, bundle is too fast, and fibrous root integral body concentrates on dish bottom, cave; Fall air humidity, prevent that disease from occuring;
(8) the cave dish is filled the gaps with seedlings: at 80% seed arch soil, obviously as seen scarce cave will urge the seed of bud to fill into the hole in advance; Before cotyledon does not launch, promptly with the seedling-lacking hole polishing;
(9) nursery stage water management: take to hang the spray that declines; Between do, wet; Avoid overdrying, fibrous root is dead because of dehydration; Avoid excessively wet for a long time, susceptible disease; The five days moving once dishes in interval prevent from pricking under the large root system of surface humidity;
(10) nursery temperature: greenhouse temperature general control is between 17～25 ℃; Cave dish temperature is controlled 17～23 ℃; Temperature is too low, and rust appears in cotton shoot root section, easily rotten dead seedling; Excess Temperature, the prosperous length of cotton seedling is changed the accent difficulty, the elongated easy lodging of cane;
(11) change accent: when two cotyledons of emerging flattened, looking of consumption timing temperature, cotton seedling growing way took the circumstances into consideration to use mepiquat chloride, and consumption is unsuitable overweight, laid particular stress on to cause leaf emergence rate slow, and young leaves is not sent out, leaf-shrinkage; Cross prosperous length easily, cotton seedling is thin and tall, thin and weak, cotyledon comes off, and easily lodges, is subject to windburn after transplanting;
(12) hardening: emerge rear according to temperature conditions in the greenhouse, progressively ventilate, hardening; Namely begin to ventilate when temperature of shed surpasses 27 ℃ (generally fine, noon ten two left and right), the top is opened in first part, then strengthens ventilation gradually, prevents from dodging seedling; Transplant and can take off the canopy film at assurance temperature fully more than 17 ℃ in front 5 days to 7 days, abundant hardening, during hardening, temperature can not be too low, is subjected to chilling injury to stop cotton seedling; 1.13 the extermination of disease and insect pest: Major Diseases is damping off; Insect pest is aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum; Prevent and treat damping off; Carry out the matrix sterilization before sowing, control is watered, and leaks informaton after watering, and reduces air humidity; Night in seedling stage, temperature must not be lower than 17 ℃, and their early stage sprays tpn, carbendazim, 800 times of liquid of zineb; Aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum are anti-as main take physics, cut off the worm source.
3. hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described transplanting and management is:
(1) Different Transplanting Periods: soil 5cm temperature stabilization is more than 17 ℃, and cotton root system tightly is wound around matrix, the loose phenomenon that sticks together occurs when cotton seedling pulls up Shi Buhui from the cave dish; Cotton seedling can be put into multiple field fortune seedling Turnround basket, releasing basket layer by layer, but cave dish seedling long distance transportation, its planting survival rates can reach 100%; The normal time of North SinKiang is generally 28-May 5 April; Temperature is too low, and cotton seedling shows and damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature symptom, and red autumnal leaves, root browning, fibrous root death form stiff seedling;
(2) lifting: cotton seedling carrying substrates goes out the cave, gets to water before seedling permeablely, gets the seedling main root not impaired, easily saves root system from damage;
(3) soil is prepared: it is accurate that whole ground standard reaches " moisture in the soil, pine, flat, clean, neat, broken " six signs; Complete irrigate band and mulch film; Adopt film two pipe drip irrigations; During transplanting, soil is held agglomeratingly, lands namely loose (humidity of field seeding), can transplant; Soil is too dried, is contention moisture with cotton shoot root after planting, and under the sun tanned by the sun, plant was easily wilted, and cotton seedling seedling-slowing stage is long; Soil is too wet, manually transplants or machinery is transplanted and caused soil compaction, and cotton root system vegetative activity limited space, foundation section expands, and affect cotton seedling and grows;
(4) transplant seedling age: cave dish seedling moves three leaf wholeheartedly or four leaves and transplants; Select robust plant, the cotton transplantation of seedlings of well developed root system; Weak seedling seedling discards;
(5) Transplanting Density: hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling Suitable Density is at 60000 – 80000 strain hm
-2
4. hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, manages after described cultivation to be:
(1) drip seedling recovering water: after transplanting, 150-225m drips
3Hm
-2The water yield is unsuitable excessive, otherwise spring, temperature was changeable, and soil temperature is low, is unfavorable for slow seedling;
(2) intertill: in time intertillage after planting, when abolishing transplanting, harden in ground; Every intertillage in 7-8 days once, continuous three times, improve ground temperature, short seedling is early sent out;
(3) pour water: the first water after slow seedling was intake 6-8 days in advance than live ground, filling amount 375-450 m
3Hm
-2, drip evenly; Later stage cuts off the water can not be too early, otherwise easily early ageing;
(4) plant thenization accent, fertilising, carry out according to the characteristics of cotton growthdevelopmental stage.
5. hybrid cotton transplanting hole tray seedling seeding technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described production of hybrid seeds management is:
Probably before and after June 10,50% cotton plant the first fruit branch was bloomed and can be carried out, and particularly, comprising the normal time generally cultivation about about 40 days afterwards production of hybrid seeds elementary period:
(1) seeding technique training and staffing
At first should select careful skillful with one's hands, the convenient workman of being convenient to the field operation of action, utilize and carry out the seeding technique training slack season, the field operates on the spot, after hero, pollination technique have been spent in skilled grasp stripping, examine through the technology supervisor, eligible is employed, and the production of hybrid seeds personnel that employed reserved thumbnail in front 10 days in the production of hybrid seeds, so that hero has been spent in stripping; Seed farm guarantees 60-90 labour of per hectare; Set up technology groups and carry out the arrangement of production of hybrid seeds work and the formulation of technical specification, by seeding technique group and production of hybrid seeds family signing production of hybrid seeds contract, guarantee that field technique inspection and guidance put in place; Every 1 hectare needs quality inspection technician 1 people at least, is responsible for checking quality and the technological guidance of emasculation, pollination, strictly to emasculation time and the supervision and check of leaking flower, leaking powder, maintains strict control over gate of the quality monitoring during the production of hybrid seeds, guarantees seed production purity;
(2) strict impurity elimination
Ask the expert to seed farm situ appraisal hybrid strain by production of hybrid seeds unit, production of hybrid seeds head of the unit and technical staff will study hard, and are convenient to instruct to kind of agriculture or worker in the impurity elimination process; Seedling stage, in conjunction with thinning, final singling, tentatively reject hybrid strain; Due to seedling stage blade profile, plant type also fully long, hybrid strain should not be recognized, must continue impurity elimination at squaring period, initial bloom stage; Identify that the hybrid strain emphasis is in blade profile squaring period; Current impurity elimination is particularly important, the biology hybrid after can effectively preventing from blooming, and impurity elimination must be thoroughly; Set up seed Purity Field system of check and acceptance, in strict accordance with test stone between the seed-breeding field, quality examination is carried out in production of hybrid seeds base by breeding unit, check detail record as a result file, person liable's identifications of signing then and there is according to this as the foundation of evaluating the impurity elimination quality;
(3) producing Crossbred
The production of hybrid seeds time, generally before and after June 10, seed farm must first all be extractd the colored bell before the production of hybrid seeds; Generally afternoon on the previous day 15:00 ~ 21:00 point carry out the female parent stripping and spent hero; Should note during emasculation: 1. first go to go little flower bud after large flower bud; What 2. finger nail was inserted is too dark, can not be too shallow, settle at one go, and too deeply easily injure ovary and adventitia, too shallowly be not easy to divest stamen; 3. the action of stripping flower wants dynamics moderate, the too fast accidental injury column cap of not exerting oneself; 4. emasculation wants thoroughly on style, flower pesticide can not be arranged, and can not damage ovary and style, bract; 5. use red line mark smoothly on the flower bud handle after emasculation, the corolla that peels is taken field out of; The male parent flower that production of hybrid seeds personnel will will open before darkness next day is taken, and takes home to spread indoor standby; Before pollination next day, maternal field is carefully checked again, extract the flower that does not have emasculation of careless omission; Pluck flower that pollen abundant maturation scatter during 9:00 ~ 1:30 male parent loose powder the morning, and petal is turned upside down outside luxuriant industry leaf, and pollen is put on maternal column cap uniformly, do not put forth one's strength and wipe in order to avoid damage column cap; A general flower can be awarded 4-5 female flower; Also can adopt in the foraminate syringe of packing into open after powder, will be pollinated in the column cap patchhole, spend than routine flower is pollinated evenly; Extractd smoothly by the above bud of pink blossom, concentrate nutrient for the hybridization bell; During hybrid seeding, interrupt producing Crossbred as continuous rainfall, should in time extract open flower, prevent selfing Cheng Ling; After hybrid seeding finished, all flower buds and invalid fruit branch were all removed, and guarantee seed production purity, kept ventilation and penetrating light, improved photosynthetic efficiency, alleviated fruit abscission rate; In whole production of hybrid seeds process, seed farm must not have flowering;
(4) pluck a minute contracture in good time roll, strict Seed Identification
Strict by strain, by the bell inspection before receipts are spent, extract the autogamous cotton boll of slipping through the net; Receipts will singly fill when spending, single storage, must divide the family dated or labelled inside and outside bag; Write production of hybrid seeds family name exactly, hand over kind of a quantity, so that follow-up investigation purity in the future; And random sampling is preserved from bag, after Purity meets standard, carefully checks archives and is purchased after errorless.
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