CN110476637A - A kind of method that quickly breeding China fir produces kind of maternal plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods that cultivation China fir produces kind of maternal plant, method includes the following steps: stock is cultivated；Scion selection；Grafting: after clip scion, in stock away from bar grafting of breaking at the 8cm~12cm of ground, grafting the thick 3cm or more of bore, graft above-mentioned scion by medulla forming layer rendezvous method, stays stock side shoot near the ground or stock coppice shoot is nutrition branch；Maternal plant management in 1st year to the 2nd year and cultivation.China fir of the present invention of cultivating produces the method graft survival rate of kind of maternal plant 95% or more；It grafts maternal plant and grows fast, easy plasticity, tree body is downgraded at " happy type "；Tree body height and position of blossoming and bearing fruit can be controlled in 2.2m hereinafter, male and female flowering amount significantly improves, and male and female flowering distributing equilibrium, female flower distributing position is low, easy artificial supplementary pollination, and maternal plant produces kind of a potentiality and gives full play to, horizontal up to going into operation；The solid position of maternal plant is low, easily collects seed, and seed collecting efficiency can be improved 1 times or more, and this method is breeding garden early fruiting and high yield, stable yields has established important foundation.

Description

A kind of method that quickly breeding China fir produces kind of maternal plant

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, are specifically related to a kind of method that quickly breeding China fir produces kind of maternal plant.

Background technique

China fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.] is Taxodiaceae (Taxodiaceae) Cunninghamia (Cunninghamia) one of evergreen needle-leaved tree kind, and the most important commodity commerical tree species of China.Currently, Growing Seedling of China Fir kind It is mainly derived from breeding garden, and seed orchard construction and the most important thing of management are the cultivations of maternal plant.It is related to Chinese Fir Seed Orchards maternal plant The conventional method of cultivation is in Guangdong Province's provincial standard " Chinese Fir Seed Orchards afforestation technique regulation " (DB44/T 1533-2015) Be described, specifically include: 1. based on grafting, scion acquired on fringe tree from select tree tree crown middle and upper part or adopt, with 1 year raw top Fringe bar is preferred, and with adopting with connecing, the fringe bar that the same day has not connect can be stored at low temperature, no more than 10 days, when long-distance transport want moisturizing, Ventilation, against pressure, high temperature-proof；2. grafting stock used to be cultivated by the high quality seed for being suitable for locally growing, robust growth, root are preferably selected It is flourishing 1 year~triennial nursery stock, stock rugosity should be slightly larger than scion, can first graft after the default anvil of breeding garden, or in nursery Ground is first grafted and is transplanted afterwards, early April in winter end to next year, is transplanted when cloudy after rain；3. preferably use medulla forming layer rendezvous method to graft, Spring connects, the autumn connect all can, whip protection, micro- dew bud eye, convenient for ventilation and anti-ponding, autumn after grafting from bottom to top with plastic film tape Connect after needing the heat preservation of timely bagging, scion to survive in due course pine band, ungird, stock goes to sprout, and set the pillar shield tip.On this basis, right In the method that maternal plant is cultivated in some documents and disclosed patent (including a kind of method for promoting High And Stable Yield of Chinese Fir Seed Orchard The method CN201810148502 of ZL201610281320.8, a kind of Chinese Fir Seed Orchards elite stand shortening trimming high yield) in also It refers to, but above-mentioned document and patent mainly propose relevant operation method in terms of graft technology and trimming link, successful incubation is thrown It produces maternal plant need 5 years or more, the period is longer, and lacks effective technical method in terms of maternal plant buds dwarfing.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that cultivation China fir produces kind of maternal plant, this method produces kind of a maternal plant cultivation period ratio Conventional method significantly shortens, and efficiently solves the problems such as China fir operation maternal plant cultivation period is long, at high cost, realizes China fir and produces kind The early fruiting and high yield of maternal plant.

Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution:

A method of it cultivating China fir and produces kind of a maternal plant, comprising the following steps:

(1) stock is cultivated, comprising: rootstock seedling is chosen, the rootstock seedling is that the life in 1 year of China fir breeding family is grown directly from seeds bare-root seeding, High 60cm or more, the abundant lignifying of trunk, ground diameter 1cm or more, the wheel branch with 4 or more, fibrous root are flourishing, disease-free；It is fixed It is grafted after planting 1 year as stock, the stock is up to 1.5m or more, ground diameter 4cm or more；

(2) scion selects, comprising: interception scion, the scion are verticillate fringe bar and are to stop with verticillate terminal bud, physiological status Dormancy phase, the thick 0.8cm~1.0cm of diameter；

(3) it grafts: after clip scion, in stock away from bar grafting of breaking at the 8cm~12cm of ground, grafting the thick 3cm or more of bore, Above-mentioned scion is grafted by medulla forming layer rendezvous method, stock side shoot near the ground is stayed or stock coppice shoot is nutrition branch；

It the management of (4) the 1st years maternal plants and cultivates, comprising: after grafting 4~5 months, when scion is taken out and is slightly grown to 30cm or more, Tip control of breaking immediately is high, and the long control of trunk is between 20cm~25cm after the tip that breaks；Fertilising；It prunes and controls high, shaping；Grafting 10~11 months Afterwards, it removes maternal plant to mop floor branch and stock rudiment, with rear shovel soil covering stock, compacting, the tapered shape of mound inhibits stock rudiment again Occur；

Maternal plant management in (5) the 2nd years and cultivation: the male flower and female flower of maternal plant early development are extractd in 1~2 month of the 2nd year；It removes Grass loosens the soil, fertilising；It prunes, shaping, keeps plant integral light-transmitting ventilative, set high control in 1.8m hereinafter, downgrading is " happy type ", Tree body sizing；

Maternal plant management in (6) the 3rd years, comprising: the 3rd year spring retained the female flower and male flower for downgrading molding maternal plant, in female flower Pollination optimum period artificial supplementary pollination, fertilising；It prunes, shaping；It is solid, it obtains the China fir and produces kind of a maternal plant.Gained China fir produces kind of a maternal plant Tree body height control in 2.2m hereinafter, keep " happy type " downgrade tree body.

Preferably, in step (1), the rootstock seedling transplant when, plant hole size be (56~63) cm × (56~63) cm × (47~52) cm simultaneously applies biological organic fertilizer 0.45kg~0.55kg, the content of organic matter >=60%, nitrogen in the biological organic fertilizer Phosphorus potassium content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g, compound fertilizer 0.21kg~0.27kg be base manure after cover surface soil.

It preferably, further include after rootstock seedling plants for 4~May, imposing 0.13kg~0.18kg/ plants of urea in step (1).

By preferred time twice and preferred amounts to rootstock seedling fertilizer, its growth can be promoted well, be subsequent Grafting is ready.

Preferably, the scion picks up from fringe maternal plant 1 year raw fringe bar is conducive to improve using scion age effect at the middle and upper levels It blossoms and bears fruit.

Preferably, in step (4), the fertilising is sprayed to apply 0.17kg~0.22kg compound fertilizer using every plant of byfurrow method Apply microelement foliage fertilizer.

Preferably, in step (4), the pruning control is high, shaping includes: to retain to positive hat grafting strain and lean on ground first layer Branch is taken turns, second layer wheel branch growth gesture, including truncation are controlled, or removes and crosses multiple leaders on wheel branch section, at second layer wheel branch section Only retain 1~2 inclined crown branch, removes overstocked wheel branch；And/or the grafting strain to being preced with, having more trunk branches partially, remove excessive master Branch only retains 3~4 trunk branches, removes overstocked wheel branch, side shoot and internal branch, and major branch truncation or remove took turns on branch multiple leaders When, section is flushed with wheel branch, and notch is close to major branch when removing side shoot and overstocked wheel branch and internal branch, tree is high control 80cm with Under, upper and lower level branch is dislocatedly distributed, and plant integral light-transmitting is ventilative；

Maternal plant center branch is made to break and is slightly handled, to high-intensitive cutting back (cutting out 10cm~15cm) in side shoot progress, promotees side Bud occurs.

Preferably, in step (5) and/or (6), it is described prune, shaping includes: truncation, or remove excessive on wheel branch section Caulody removes overstocked wheel branch；And/or the grafting strain to being preced with, having more trunk branches partially, excessive major branch is removed, only retains 3~4 Trunk branch, removes overstocked wheel branch, side shoot and internal branch, major branch truncation or when removing on wheel branch multiple leaders, section with to take turns branch neat Flat, notch is close to major branch when removing side shoot and overstocked wheel branch and internal branch, and upper and lower level branch is dislocatedly distributed, and plant integral light-transmitting is saturating Wind；To high-intensitive cutting back (cutting out 10cm~15cm) in side shoot progress.

Preferably, in step (5), apply the biological organic fertilizer 0.8kg~1.2kg using every plant of byfurrow method.

Preferably, in step (6), pollination time is between morning 10:00~12:00, afternoon 2:00~4:00.Inventor It was found that most female flowers are easily pollinated in the two period opening degree highests at this time.It is highly preferred that supple-mentary pollination number At least 2 times, to improve maternal plant setting percentage and produce kind of a rate.

Preferably, in step (6), the biological organic fertilizer 0.8kg~1.2kg and phosphate fertilizer are applied using every plant of byfurrow method 0.45kg~0.55kg.

The method of the present invention for cultivating China fir production kind maternal plant is cultivated, 1 by choosing suitable rootstock seedling

Nian Houneng obtains applicable stock, can realize together with the scion that selected physiological status is dormant period ultralow Grafting directly downgrades tree body to realize, and the advantages such as diameter is wide, moisture and nutrition supply are fast is made full use of at low level to meet grafting It is required that graft survival rate is 95% or more；It grafts maternal plant and grows fast, easy plasticity, tree body is downgraded at " happy type ", it is not easy windbreak, Tie up and help without strut, stock current year removes sprout earthing after (mound is into a cone shape) subsequent time no longer need to except sprouting, saving of labor, cost-saving； Tree body height can be controlled in 2.2m hereinafter, male and female flowering amount significantly improves with position of blossoming and bearing fruit, and male and female flowering distributing equilibrium, female flower divides Cloth position is low, easy artificial supplementary pollination, and maternal plant produces kind of a potentiality and gives full play to, horizontal up to going into operation；The solid position of maternal plant is low, Yi Cai Kind, 1 times or more, cost of labor attenuating 50% can be improved in seed collecting efficiency.Cultivation China fir of the present invention produces the method for planting maternal plant and is Breeding garden early fruiting and high yield, stable yields have established important foundation.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 can be used for the 1 year raw stock grafted.

The high-quality scion selection of Fig. 2.

The grafting of Fig. 3 low Low Level.

Maternal plant (5~June) after Fig. 4 grafting 4 months.

Fig. 5, which is grafted after tip 30cm or more is taken out in strain, to break slightly.

Maternal plant after Fig. 6 grafting 6 months.

Fig. 7 stock removes in time to be sprouted.

Fig. 8 maternal plant is disconnected slightly/pinching.

Fig. 9 removes maternal plant and crosses multiple leaders and wheel branch.

Maternal plant (being in " happy type ") after Figure 10 grafting 10 months.

The control China fir of the not shaped dwarfing of Figure 11 produces kind of a maternal plant situation.

(mound is cone-shaped) is sprouted in the suppression of Figure 12 stock earthing.

Figure 13 grafts the maternal plant (being fixed to " happy type ") in the 3rd year spring.

The control China fir of the not shaped dwarfing of Figure 14 produces kind of a maternal plant situation.

Figure 15 downgrades maternal plant the 3rd year solid operation China fir and produces kind of a maternal plant situation.

Figure 16 cultivates operation maternal plant situation using conventional method.

Figure 17 routine engrafting method China fir produces kind of a maternal plant situation.

Figure 18 is just being preced with strain, and truncation downgrades a situation China fir production kind maternal plant situation not in time.

Figure 19 is just being preced with strain and was not amputating a multiple leaders China fir production kind maternal plant situation.

Figure 20 is preced with strain partially and does not remove excessive major branch, overstocked wheel branch, side shoot and an internal branch China fir production kind maternal plant situation.Figure 21 is not It flushes wheel branch truncation China fir and produces kind of a maternal plant situation.

Disconnected tip cutting back China fir produces kind of a maternal plant situation to Figure 22 not in time.

Figure 23 is grafted do not extract within the 2nd year maternal plant female flower after China fir produce kind of a maternal plant situation.

Specific embodiment

It to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, below will be to invention is more fully described.The present invention can be with many not With form realize, however it is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, purpose of providing these embodiments is makes to this The understanding of disclosure of the invention content is more thorough and comprehensive.

In the following examples, the experimental methods for specific conditions are not specified, usually according to normal condition.Unless otherwise defined, originally All technical and scientific term used in invention with belong to that those skilled in the art of the invention are normally understood to be contained Justice is identical.Term used in the description of the invention, which is only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, is not used in limitation The present invention.Term "and/or" used in the present invention includes any and all of one or more relevant listed items Combination.

In one embodiment of the present of invention, a kind of method that cultivation China fir produces kind of maternal plant is provided, is included the following steps,

(1) stock is cultivated: selecting the China fir breeding family seed seeding and seedling raising of variety certification mechanism authorization above the provincial level, seedling Wood is cultivated in the fertile soils such as paddy field, it is preferable that it is base manure, every square of nursery stock quantity that per hectare, which applies 1125kg compound fertilizer, At 40~45 plants or so, the nursery stock fibrous root cultivated in this way is more for control, and strong sprout ratio is high；1 Nian Shengshi for selecting the above method to cultivate Raw bare-root seeding is stock, it is desirable that the abundant lignifying of nursery stock trunk, high 60cm or more, ground diameter 1cm or more, it is more than 4 wheel branches, fibrous root It is flourishing, disease-free；Stock is with rising with cultivation, and plant hole size is (56~63) cm × (56~63) cm × (47~52) cm, more preferably For 60cm × 60cm × 50cm, apply biological organic fertilizer (content of organic matter >=60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis Bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g) 0.50kg, compound fertilizer 0.21kg~0.27kg be to cover surface soil after base manure, after 1~2 month rain when the cloudy day Plant, seedling stem is upright when plant, and the depth of planting slightly than nursery stock rootstock position depth 3cm~5cm, surrounding fill compaction, earthing is slightly higher In ground, lower tight upper pine；Plantation, which combines to foster June current year, imposes 0.13kg~0.18kg/ plants of urea, 0.15kg/ plants more preferable, It fosters again October 1 time；According to the above method, height of seedling can be used as stock up to 1.5m or more, ground diameter 4cm or more after plant is colonized 1 year It is grafted；

(2) scion selects: 1~2 month, and clip is that 1 year raw fringe bar is that scion (utilizes the scion age to mother plant for cutting at the middle and upper levels Effect, raising are blossomed and beared fruit), scion must be dormant period for verticillate fringe bar and with verticillate terminal bud, physiological status, spike length 10cm~ Thick 0.8cm~the 1.0cm of 15cm, diameter.

(3) it grafts: after clip scion, grafting immediately, (reduce stock away from bar grafting of breaking at the 8cm~12cm of ground in stock Highly, grafting strain is directly downgraded, and the wide advantage of diameter at low level is made full use of to meet grafting requirement, directly shortens and cultivates qualified stock The time limit), graft the thick 3cm or more of bore, by the above-mentioned scion of medulla forming layer rendezvous method grafting, stay stock side shoot near the ground or anvil The wooden coppice shoot is nutrition branch.

The management of (4) the 1st years maternal plants and cultivate: in 5~June, when scion is taken out and slightly grown to 30cm or more, tip control of breaking immediately is high, The long control of trunk is between 20cm~25cm after the disconnected tip；Then, it loosens the soil to progress weeding within the scope of plant kind plant hole 1m, stock of erasing Rudiment removes stock nutrition branch, and using byfurrow method every Zhu Shi 0.2kg compound fertilizer, spraying microelement foliage fertilizer (can extension rate 800~1000 times)；August, control of pruning is high, shaping (1. to positive hat grafting strain, retains and leans on ground first layer wheel branch, control the second layer Branch growth gesture, including truncation are taken turns, or removes and crosses multiple leaders on wheel branch section, 1~2 hat partially is only retained at second layer wheel branch section Caulody removes overstocked wheel branch；2. the grafting strain to being preced with, having more trunk branches partially, removes excessive major branch, only retain 3~4 trunks Branch, remove overstocked wheel branch, side shoot and internal branch), major branch truncation or remove wheel branch on multiple leaders when, section with take turns branch flush, Notch is close to major branch when removing side shoot and overstocked wheel branch and internal branch, sets high control in 80cm hereinafter, the dislocation point of upper and lower level branch Cloth, plant integral light-transmitting are ventilative；On this basis, maternal plant center branch is made to break and slightly handles, to high-intensitive short in side shoot progress It cuts (cutting out 10cm~15cm), promotees lateral bud；It loosens the soil to weeding within the scope of plant kind plant hole 1m October, stock, which removes, to be sprouted；12 Month, tree body is in " happy type " substantially, removes maternal plant and mops floor branch and stock rudiment (item), with rear shovel soil covering stock, compacting, mound Tapered shape inhibits stock rudiment (item) to occur again.

Maternal plant management in (5) the 2nd years and cultivation: 1~2 month of second year is extractd the male flower and female flower of maternal plant early development, is pressed (4) the method truncation, remove excessive major branch, overstocked wheel branch and side shoot, internal branch and wheel branch on multiple leaders, break slightly, cutting back； It loosens the soil by (4) the method weeding June, applies (1) described biological organic fertilizer 1.0kg using every plant of byfurrow method, low-intensity, which is pruned, manages Reason (disconnected slightly, cutting back etc.)；It loosens the soil by (4) the method weeding October；It prunes and manages by (4) the method low-intensity December (mainly removing internal branch, yin branch, aging branch), keeps plant integral light-transmitting ventilative, sets high control in 1.8m hereinafter, dwarfing is " happy type ", tree body sizing.

(6) the 3rd years and the maternal plant management in time backward: the 3rd year and each spring in time backward retain and downgrade molding maternal plant Female flower and male flower, in female flower pollination optimum period artificial supplementary pollination, pollination time is morning 10:00~12:00,2:00~4 in afternoon: Between 00 point, supple-mentary pollination number at least 2 times, to improve maternal plant setting percentage and produce kind of a rate.It grafts the 3rd year, maternal plant starts solid throwing It produces.It loosens the soil by (4) the method weeding, applies (1) described biological organic fertilizer 1.0kg, phosphate fertilizer using every plant of byfurrow method annual June 0.5kg prunes management (disconnected slightly, remove negative branch etc.) to fruitful branch low-intensity, carries out by (4) the method to non-fruitful branch medium Intensity prune management (truncation, remove excessive major branch, overstocked wheel branch and side shoot, internal branch, on negative branch and wheel branch multiple leaders, it is disconnected Slightly, cutting back etc.)；It loosens the soil by (4) the method weeding October；11~December prunes by (4) the method and manages after cone harvesting Reason (truncation, remove overstocked wheel branch and side shoot, internal branch, negative branch, on aging branch and wheel branch multiple leaders), keep plant entirety Light transmission is ventilative, and the control of tree body height is in 2.2m hereinafter, " happy type " is kept to downgrade tree body.

It is high that current Chinese Fir Seed Orchards produce kind of a maternal plant cultivation period length, management cost.The mother that goes into operation is cultivated using conventional method Strain needs 5 years or more, and tree body apical dominance is obvious, and Seedling height is vigorous, and tree is high usually in 6m or more, and supple-mentary pollination is difficult, solid portion Position is high, and seed collecting difficulty is big, at high cost；In addition, maternal plant cultivation early stage, which needs strut to tie up, helps anti-windbreak, the later period will unbind and help, annual right Stock, which routinely removes, to be sprouted three times, takes a lot of work, is costly.Using the method for the invention cultivate operation maternal plant only need 4 years (including determine anvil, The stages such as grafting, cultivation), and press down in buds dwarfing, stock and sprout, male and female flowering equiblibrium mass distribution, spend effect in terms of amount raising obvious, it is real Existing tree body molding, time of blossoming and bearing fruit are obviously shortened.

It is illustrated, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention below by way of specific embodiment is further.

Embodiment 1

Using an a kind of quickly breeding China fir production kind maternal plant method of the present invention, in the state-owned pitting forest farm in Shaoguan Qujiang District (abbreviation pitting forest farm) promotes and applies, and is related to parent's clone 18, cultivates 291 plants of operation maternal plant.

Specifically sequentially include the following steps:

On January 28th, (1) 2016: life in 1 year of pitting forest farm breeding family cultivating seeds is selected to grow directly from seeds bare-root seeding as stock Seedling, the abundant lignifying of institute's seedling taking wood trunk, average height of seedling 70.3cm, average ground diameter 1.33cm, it is more than 4 wheel branches, fibrous root prosperity, It is disease-free.After lifting after appropriate root relief, slurry root (being suitably added ABT root-inducing powder), it is colonized in the pitting forest farm work area little Ping China fir Seed orchard construction, plant hole 60cm × 60cm × 50cm have applied biological organic fertilizer in cave and (have been purchased from Shijiazhuang gold sun biological organic Fertile Co., Ltd, the content of organic matter >=60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g) 0.5kg, Compound fertilizer (Anhui Liuguo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., N P and K 15-15-15) 0.25kg is base manure, and has covered surface soil.1~2 month It is transplanted when the cloudy day after part rain, seedling stem is upright when plant, depth of planting depth 3cm~5cm slightly than nursery stock rootstock position, pressure of around banketing Real, earthing is slightly above ground, lower tight upper pine.

On June 7th, (2) 2016: forest land is fostered including shovel grass, passband, expansion cave, training root and stem of certain plants etc., and every plant of rootstock seedling imposes urea 150g。

On October 11st, (3) 2016: it fosters including shovel grass, passband, expansion cave, training root and stem of certain plants etc. in forest land.

On January 3rd, (4) 2017: selected stock mean height 1.6m, average ground diameter 4.1cm, stock are put down at the 10cm of ground The equal thick 3.9cm of diameter, with rising with cultivation；Referring to Fig. 1, this stock provides important role for maternal plant quickly breeding；

Referring to fig. 2, clip orchard establishment parent's fringe bar, fringe bar derive from elite stand at the middle and upper levels from the Breeding of Chinese fir garden of pitting forest farm 1 year raw fringe bar, verticillate and with verticillate terminal bud, physiological status is dormant period, the long 12cm~15cm of fringe bar, the thick 0.8cm of diameter~ 1.0cm；Carry out grafting work immediately after adopting fringe, referring to Fig. 3.Specifically, grafted in stock away from the bar that breaks at the 8cm~12cm of ground, Above-mentioned scion is grafted by medulla forming layer rendezvous method, stock side shoot near the ground is stayed or stock coppice shoot is nutrition branch, be heat and moisture preserving, Bagging processing also has been carried out to scion.

28 days 2 months (5) 2017 years: removing the bagging in scion.

On May 17th, (6) 2017: referring to fig. 4, the maternal plant after grafting 4 months.Through investigating, graft survival rate is up to 96%, respectively It grafts strain and takes out and slightly grow in 30cm or more, tip control of breaking immediately is high, and referring to Fig. 5, the long control of trunk is between 20cm~25cm after the tip that breaks.

On June 2nd, (7) 2017: it loosens the soil to weeding is carried out within the scope of grafting strain (maternal plant) kind plant hole 1m, stock of erasing is sprouted Bud removes stock nutrition branch.Using byfurrow method every Zhu Shi 0.2kg compound fertilizer, microelement foliage fertilizer (extension rate 800 is sprayed ~1000 times).Referring to Fig. 6, for the maternal plant after grafting 6 months.

(8) 2017 on Augusts 2 ,~3 days: prune control height, shaping: 1. to positive hat grafting strain, retain by ground first layer wheel Branch controls second layer wheel branch growth gesture, including truncation, or removes and cross multiple leaders on wheel branch section, at second layer wheel branch section only Retain 1~2 inclined crown branch, removes overstocked wheel branch；2. the grafting strain to being preced with, having more trunk branches partially dredges the excessive major branch in place, only Retain 3~4 trunk branches, removes overstocked wheel branch, side shoot and internal branch.Major branch truncation or remove wheel branch on multiple leaders when, cut Mouth is flushed with wheel branch, and notch is close to major branch when removing side shoot and overstocked wheel branch and internal branch.Through handling, mean stand height 59cm, on Lower layer's branch is dislocatedly distributed, and plant integral light-transmitting is ventilative.On this basis, disconnected slightly processing is made (referring to figure to maternal plant center branch 8), to high-intensitive cutting back (cutting out 10cm~15cm) in side shoot progress, promote lateral bud.

On October 13rd, (9) 2017: loosening the soil to weeding within the scope of plant kind plant hole 1m, and stock is except sprouting, referring to Fig. 7.

(10) 2017 on December 23 ,~24 days: through investigating, each maternal plant mean stand height 92.1cm, even crown diameter 103.3cm, Tree body is in " happy type " substantially, and referring to Figure 10 and Figure 11, and the control maternal plant apical dominance of not shaped dwarfing obviously (transfer by the same period Connect, be similarly low Low Level grafting), mean stand height 142.8cm, even crown diameter 85.0cm；Remove that maternal plant mops floor branch and stock is sprouted Bud (item), with rear shovel soil covering stock, compacting, the tapered shape of mound (referring to Figure 12) thus inhibits stock rudiment (item) to send out again It is raw.

4~12 2 months (11) 2018 years: extracing the male flower and female flower of maternal plant early development, control of pruning is high, shaping (is wrapped Include major branch truncation, remove excessive major branch, overstocked wheel branch and side shoot, internal branch and wheel branch on multiple leaders, break slightly, cutting back；Referring to Fig. 9 removes maternal plant and crosses multiple leaders and wheel branch.

(12) 2018 on June 5 ,~8 days: it loosens the soil to weeding is carried out within the scope of kind of plant hole 1m, applies life using every plant of byfurrow method Organic fertilizer 1.0kg, low-intensity prune management (breaking slightly, cutting back).

(13) 2018 on October 9 ,~11 days: it loosens the soil to weeding is carried out within the scope of kind of plant hole 1m.

(14) 2018 on December 3 ,~5 days: low-intensity, which is pruned, to be managed, and internal branch, aging branch are mainly removed, and keeps planting Strain integral light-transmitting is ventilative, sets high control in 1.8m hereinafter, downgrading is " happy type ", tree body sizing.

16~18 2 months (15) 2019 years: participating in Figure 13, downgrade the maternal plant mean stand height 1.47m for " happy type ", put down Equal hat width 1.84m, average 187/plant of female flower amount, average 24 clusters of male flower amount/strain, respectively than control (referring to Figure 14, same period grafting But the maternal plant that non-shaping is downgraded is similarly low Low Level grafting) short 1.29m, increase 0.93 times, improves 60.5%, improves 28.4%. In addition, male and female flowering distributing equilibrium, female flower distributing position is relatively low, to maternal plant female flower between 16 day 2 months morning 10:00~12:00 To maternal plant female flower artificial supplementary pollination 1 time between artificial supplementary pollination 1 time, 18 day 2 months morning 10:00~12:00, totally 2 times.

After in March, (16) 2019: the solid operation of maternal plant, referring to Figure 15.By herein described method management, maternal plant is in " happy type " downgrades tree body, and tree body height and position of blossoming and bearing fruit can be controlled in 2.2m or less.Especially, the solid position of maternal plant It is low, it easily collects seed, 1 times or more, cost of labor attenuating 50% can be improved in seed collecting efficiency.Referring to Figure 16, is cultivated and thrown using conventional method Producing maternal plant needs 5 years or more, and tree body apical dominance is obvious, and Seedling height is vigorous, and tree is high usually in 6m or more, and supple-mentary pollination is difficult, knot Real part position is high, and seed collecting difficulty is big, at high cost.

Conventional engrafting method: stock cultivation period at least 2 years, graft union was generally 30cm~50cm away from ground, grafted strain Easy windbreak needs strut to tie up and helps, and in addition stock rudiment/item is more, need to erase every year, takes a lot of work, is costly；Referring to Figure 17, transferred to be conventional Connect method, the maternal plant after grafting 6 months, tip control is high, and grafting strain apical dominance is bright because breaking not in time when scion, which is taken out, slightly to be grown to 30cm Aobvious, Seedling height is vigorous, takes out tip 1.2m or more.

In addition, First Year prune control is high, in shaping reality rich for premature labor be also it is critically important, referring to Figure 18, other steps According to of the present invention, but grafting current year does not control second layer wheel branch growth gesture, and it is slower that truncation is pruned, as a result, it has been found that being just preced with strain Truncation is downgraded situation canopy and is moved up not in time, and Dwarf Effect on Dwarf is poor.Referring to Figure 19, multiple leaders was not amputated due to being just preced with strain and was easily restored Apical dominance, tree body are downgraded difficult.Referring to fig. 20, excessive major branch, overstocked wheel branch, side shoot and internal branch are not removed due to being preced with strain partially, The problems such as easily causing branch excessive growth, difficult Blooming solid and easy to be susceptible.Referring to fig. 21, easily promote due to not flushing wheel branch truncation More terminal buds (branch) or lateral bud (branch) occur, and are unfavorable for dwarfing and tree body management.Referring to fig. 22, since the tip cutting back that breaks not in time is easy Excessive growth is caused, tree body is difficult to control.

Referring to fig. 23, other steps are grafted and do not extract within the 2nd year maternal plant female flower and be allowed to solid, knot according to of the present invention Fruit discovery does not extract maternal plant female flower and easily causes tree body weak.

The method of the invention and existing other method Contrast on effect such as table 1:

Conventional method (method 1) as described below can refer to: 1. Ou Bin, Jiang Jun, Lou Zhehui, Lu Qinghua, Ou Shurong China fir are transferred Connect breeding garden rapid-result garden technology [J] Fujian Forestry science and technology fastly, 2016,43 (01): 84-88；2. DB44/T1533-2015 China fir Breeding garden afforestation technique regulation.

The method (method 2) for downgrading management is the method explored in recent years, and it is high to see a kind of promotion Chinese Fir Seed Orchards Produce the method ZL201610281320.8 of stable yields, a kind of method that Chinese Fir Seed Orchards elite stand shortening trimming is got bumper crops CN201810148502。

1 the method for the invention of table and existing other Contrast on effect cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant (operation) method

The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that the following steps are included:

(1) stock is cultivated, comprising: chooses rootstock seedling, the rootstock seedling is that the life in 1 year of China fir breeding family is grown directly from seeds bare-root seeding, high 60cm or more, the abundant lignifying of trunk, ground diameter 1cm or more, the wheel branch with 4 or more, fibrous root are flourishing, disease-free；Field planting 1 It is grafted after year as stock, the stock is up to 1.5m or more, ground diameter 4cm or more；

(2) scion selects, comprising: interception scion, the scion are verticillate fringe bar and are suspend mode with verticillate terminal bud, physiological status Phase, the thick 0.8cm~1.0cm of diameter；

(3) it grafts: after clip scion, in stock away from bar grafting of breaking at the 8cm~12cm of ground, the thick 3cm or more of bore is grafted, by marrow Heart-shaped stratification rendezvous method grafts the scion, stays stock side shoot near the ground or stock coppice shoot is nutrition branch；

It the management of (4) the 1st years maternal plants and cultivates, comprising: after grafting 4~5 months, when scion is taken out and slightly grown to 30cm or more, immediately Disconnected tip control is high, and the long control of trunk is between 20cm~25cm after the tip that breaks；Fertilising；It prunes and controls high, shaping；After grafting 10~11 months, It removes maternal plant to mop floor branch and stock rudiment, with rear shovel soil covering stock, compacting, the tapered shape of mound inhibits stock rudiment to send out again It is raw；

Maternal plant management in (5) the 2nd years and cultivation: the male flower and female flower of maternal plant early development are extractd in 1~2 month of the 2nd year；Weeding pine Soil, fertilising；It prunes, shaping, keeps plant integral light-transmitting ventilative, set high control in 1.8m hereinafter, downgrading is " happy type ", tree body Sizing；

Maternal plant management in (6) the 3rd years, comprising: the 3rd year spring retained the female flower and male flower for downgrading molding maternal plant, pollinated in female flower Optimum period artificial supplementary pollination, fertilising；It prunes, shaping；It is solid, it obtains the China fir and produces kind of a maternal plant.

2. the method according to claim 1 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (1), the rootstock seedling When plant, plant hole size be (56~63) cm × (56~63) cm × (47~52) cm and apply biological organic fertilizer 0.45kg~ 0.55kg and compound fertilizer 0.21kg~0.27kg be base manure after cover surface soil；In the biological organic fertilizer include the content of organic matter >= 60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g.

3. the method according to claim 1 or 2 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (1), further include After rootstock seedling plants for 4~May, 0.13kg~0.18kg/ plants of urea are imposed.

4. the method according to claim 1 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that the scion is picked up from fringe maternal plant The 1 year raw fringe bar in upper layer.

5. the method according to claim 1 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (4), the fertilising is 0.17kg~0.22kg compound fertilizer is applied using every plant of byfurrow method, and sprays microelement foliage fertilizer.

6. cultivating the method that China fir produces kind of maternal plant according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that described to repair in step (4) Branch control is high, shaping includes: to retain to positive hat grafting strain and lean on ground first layer wheel branch, control second layer wheel branch growth gesture, including cut Top, or remove and cross multiple leaders on wheel branch section, only retain 1~2 inclined crown branch at second layer wheel branch section, removes overstocked wheel Branch；And/or the grafting strain to being preced with, having more trunk branches partially, excessive major branch is removed, only retains 3~4 trunk branches, removes overstocked Take turns branch, side shoot and internal branch, major branch truncation or when removing on wheel branch multiple leaders, section is flushed with branch is taken turns, and removes side shoot and mistake Notch is close to major branch when close wheel branch and internal branch, sets high control in 80cm hereinafter, upper and lower level branch is dislocatedly distributed, plant is integrally saturating Light is ventilative；

Maternal plant center branch is made to break and is slightly handled, 10cm~15cm is cut out to side shoot, promotees lateral bud.

7. the method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that in step (5), using ditch Excute a law every plant and apply the biological organic fertilizer 0.8kg~1.2kg, include in the biological organic fertilizer content of organic matter >=60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g.

8. the according to claim 1 or 6 method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (6), when pollination Between for the morning 10:00~12:00, the 2:00~4:00 in afternoon between.

9. the method according to claim 8 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that supple-mentary pollination number at least 2 times.

10. the method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that in step (6), using ditch It excutes a law every plant and applies the biological organic fertilizer 0.8kg~1.2kg and phosphate fertilizer 0.45kg~0.55kg, wrapped in the biological organic fertilizer Include the content of organic matter >=60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g.