CN110476637A - A kind of method that quickly breeding China fir produces kind of maternal plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating Chinese fir seed-producing mother plants. The method comprises the following steps: rootstock cultivation; scion selection; grafting: after the scion is cut, the rootstock is grafted at a distance of 8 cm to 12 cm from the ground, and the diameter of the grafting port is more than 3 cm. , Graft the above-mentioned scion according to the pith cambium butt grafting method, and leave the side branches near the ground of the rootstock or the shoots of the rootstock as vegetative branches; the management and cultivation of the mother plant from the first year to the second year. The grafting survival rate of the method for cultivating Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant described in the present invention is more than 95%; the grafted mother plant grows fast and is easy to be plasticized, and the tree body dwarfs into a "happy type"; the height of the tree body and the flowering and fruiting part can be controlled at 2.2m Below, the amount of male and female flowers is significantly increased, the distribution of male and female flowers is balanced, the distribution position of female flowers is low, and it is easy to assist artificial pollination, and the seed production potential of the mother plant is fully exerted, reaching the production level; the fruiting part of the mother plant is low, easy to collect seeds, and the seed collection efficiency can be doubled Above, this method has laid an important foundation for the early harvest, high yield and stable yield of the seed orchard.

Description

A method for rapidly cultivating Chinese fir seed-producing mother plants

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a method for quickly cultivating a Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant.

Background technique

Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.] is an evergreen coniferous tree species of the Taxodiaceae genus Cunninghamia, and it is also one of the most important commercial timber tree species in China. At present, the seeds used for raising Chinese fir seedlings mainly come from seed orchards, and the most important thing in the construction and management of seed orchards is the cultivation of mother plants. The conventional methods involving the cultivation of mother plants in Chinese fir seed gardens have been described in the local standard of Guangdong Province "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Chinese Chinese fir seed gardens" (DB44/T 1533-2015), including: ①Grafting is the main method, and the scion favors the crown of the tree Collected from the middle and upper parts or on the picking trees. The 1-year-old top spikes are the best, and they can be harvested as they are picked. The spikes that have not been harvested on the same day can be stored in a low temperature place. ② The rootstock used for grafting should be cultivated from high-quality seeds suitable for local growth. It is advisable to choose 1-3 year old seedlings with strong growth and well-developed root system. The thickness of the rootstock should be slightly larger than that of the scion. Grafting, or first grafting and then planting in the nursery, from the end of winter to early April of the following year, and planting on cloudy days after rain; ③ it is advisable to use the pith cambium butt grafting method, either in spring or autumn, and use plastic film tape after grafting. Bottom-up binding protection, slightly exposed bud eyes, easy to ventilate and prevent stagnant water, autumn grafting needs to be bagged in time to keep warm, after the scion survives, loosen and untie the rootstock in time to germinate, and set up pillars to protect the tip. On this basis, there are also some literatures and published patents (including a method for promoting high and stable yield in Chinese fir seed orchard ZL201610281320.8, and a method for dwarfing, pruning and high-yielding mother tree in Chinese fir seed orchard CN201810148502) for the method of cultivating the mother plant. mentioned, but the above documents and patents mainly put forward relevant operation methods in terms of grafting technology and pruning. It takes more than 5 years to successfully cultivate and put into production the mother plant, which is a long period, and there is a lack of effective technology in the aspect of plant type control of the mother plant. method.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Chinese fir seed-producing mother plants, which significantly shortens the cultivation period of the seed-producing mother plants compared with the traditional method, effectively solves the problems of long cultivation period and high cost of the Chinese fir production mother plants, and realizes the production of Chinese fir. The early knot and high yield of the mother plant.

Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical scheme:

A method for cultivating a Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant, comprising the following steps:

(1) rootstock cultivation, comprising: selecting rootstock seedlings, described rootstock seedlings are 1-year-old bare-rooted seedlings of Chinese fir fine-bred family, more than 60 cm high, fully lignified in its trunk, more than 1 cm in ground diameter, with more than 4 verticillates and fibrous roots Well-developed and disease-free; grafted as rootstock after 1 year of planting, and the rootstock is more than 1.5m high and more than 4cm in ground diameter;

(2) scion selection, comprising: intercepting scion, described scion is whorled scion strip and band whorled terminal bud, physiological state is dormant period, diameter is thick 0.8cm～1.0cm;

(3) Grafting: After cutting the scion, graft the rootstock at a distance of 8cm to 12cm from the ground. The diameter of the grafting interface is more than 3cm. Graft the above-mentioned scion according to the pith cambium butt grafting method, and leave the rootstock near the ground for nutrition. branch;

(4) Management and cultivation of the mother plant in the first year, including: after 4 to 5 months of grafting, when the scion is slightly longer than 30cm, then cut off the shoot to control the height, and the trunk length after cutting off the shoot is controlled between 20cm and 25cm; Fertilization; pruning, height control, and shaping; after 10 to 11 months of grafting, remove the mopping branches of the mother plant and rootstock germination, and then shovel the soil to cover the rootstock and compact it.

(5) Management and cultivation of the mother plant in the second year: From January to February of the second year, remove the male and female flowers in the early stage of mother plant development; The height is controlled below 1.8m, the dwarf is "happy", and the tree body is finalized;

(6) Management of the mother plant in the 3rd year, including: in the spring of the 3rd year, retain the female flower and the male flower of the dwarfing forming mother plant, artificially assist pollination at the appropriate period of female flower pollination, fertilization; pruning, shaping; fruiting, to obtain the described The mother plant of Chinese fir. The tree body height of the obtained Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant is controlled below 2.2m, and the "happy" dwarf tree body is kept.

Preferably, in step (1), when the rootstock seedlings are planted, the size of the planting hole is (56-63) cm × (56-63) cm × (47-52) cm, and 0.45 kg-0.55 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied. kg, organic matter content ≥ 60%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ≥ 10%, Bacillus subtilis concentration ≥ 200 million/g in the bio-organic fertilizer, and 0.21kg-0.27kg of compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and covered with topsoil.

Preferably, in step (1), it also includes topdressing 0.13kg-0.18kg/plant of urea 4-5 months after rootstock seedlings are planted.

The growth of rootstock seedlings can be well promoted and prepared for subsequent grafting by using two optimal times and optimal amounts of fertilizers for rootstock seedlings.

Preferably, the scion is collected from the 1-year-old scion in the middle and upper layer of the mother plant, and the age effect of the scion is used to improve flowering and fruiting.

Preferably, in step (4), the fertilization is to apply 0.17kg-0.22kg of compound fertilizer per plant by furrow method, and spray trace element foliar fertilizer.

Preferably, in step (4), said pruning, height control and shaping include: for grafted crowns, keep the first layer of verticils close to the ground, control the growth potential of the second layer of verticils, including truncation, or thinning There are too many top branches on the verticillum cut, only 1 to 2 partial crown top branches are kept at the second layer of verticillary cuts, and the excessively dense verticillaries are thinned out; and/or grafted plants with partial crowns and multiple main trunk branches , Thin away too many main branches, keep only 3 to 4 main trunk branches, thin out dense verticils, side branches and inner chamber branches, when the main branch is truncated or the excessive top branches on the verticills are thinned, the cut and verticillary The branches are flush, and the side branches, over-dense verticillaries and internal chamber branches are removed, and the incision is close to the main branch. The height of the tree is controlled below 80cm.

Cut off the central branches of the mother plant slightly, and cut the side branches with medium and high strength (cut off 10cm to 15cm) to promote the occurrence of side buds.

Preferably, in steps (5) and/or (6), the pruning and shaping include: truncation, or removing excessive top branches on the verticillum cut, removing excessively dense verticils; and/or offsetting For crowns and grafted plants with many main branches, remove too many main branches, keep only 3 to 4 main branches, remove excessively dense verticils, side branches and internal chamber branches, and truncate the main branches or thin out the verticillates When there are too many top branches, the incision is flush with the verticillary branches. When the side branches, over-dense verticillaries and internal chamber branches are removed, the incision is close to the main branch, and the upper and lower branches are misplaced. Short cut (cut off 10cm ~ 15cm).

Preferably, in step (5), 0.8kg-1.2kg of the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each plant by furrow method.

Preferably, in step (6), the pollination time is between 10:00-12:00 am and 2:00-4:00 pm. The inventors found that at this time, most of the female flowers have the highest degree of opening in these two time periods and are easy to pollinate. More preferably, the times of auxiliary pollination are at least 2 times, so as to improve the seed setting rate and seed yield rate of the mother plant.

Preferably, in step (6), 0.8kg-1.2kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 0.45kg-0.55kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each plant by furrow method.

The method for cultivating Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant described in the present invention is by selecting suitable stock seedling, cultivates, 1

Applicable rootstocks can be obtained after a few years, which can realize ultra-low grafting together with the selected scion whose physiological state is dormant, so as to realize direct dwarfing of the tree body, and make full use of the advantages of wide diameter at low positions, fast water and nutrient supply, etc. It meets the requirements of grafting, and the survival rate of grafting is above 95%. The grafted mother plant grows fast and is easy to be plasticized. Cone shape) No need to remove germination in subsequent years, saving labor and cost; tree height and flowering and fruiting parts can be controlled below 2.2m, the number of male and female flowers is significantly increased, the distribution of male and female flowers is balanced, the distribution of female flowers is low, and artificial assisted pollination is easy , the seed production potential of the mother plant is fully exerted, reaching the level of production; the seed plant is low in the fruiting part, easy to collect seeds, the seed collection efficiency can be increased by more than 1 times, and the labor cost can be reduced by 50%. The method for cultivating the Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant of the invention has laid an important foundation for the early formation, high yield and stable yield of the seed orchard.

Description of drawings

Figure 1. 1-year-old rootstocks that can be used for grafting.

Figure 2 Selection of high-quality scions.

Figure 3 Ultra-low grafting.

The mother plant (May-June) after 4 months of grafting in Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 The grafted plants are cut after the shoots are more than 30 cm.

Fig. 6 The mother plant after grafting 6 months.

Fig. 7 Rootstock is removed sprout in time.

Fig. 8 Cut off/topping the mother plant.

Figure 9 Thinning of excessive top branches and verticilliums of the mother plant.

Fig. 10 The mother plant (in "happy type") after grafting for 10 months.

Fig. 11 Situation of the mother plant of the control Chinese fir without pruning and dwarfing.

Fig. 12 Rootstock covered with soil to suppress germination (soil mound is cone shape).

Figure 13 Grafting the mother plant in the spring of the 3rd year (the stereotype is "happy type").

Fig. 14 Situation of mother plant of Chinese fir without pruning and dwarfing.

Fig. 15 Situation of the dwarf mother plant in the third year and put into production of the Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant.

Fig. 16 utilizes conventional method to cultivate and put into production mother plant situation.

Fig. 17 Situation of Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant by conventional grafting method.

Fig. 18 The situation of the crown plant not being truncated and dwarfed in time. The situation of the mother plant of Chinese fir.

Figure 19 The situation of the mother plant of Chinese fir with too many top branches not cut off in the positive crown plant.

Fig. 20 Situation of the seed-producing mother plant of Chinese fir without excessive main branches, dense verticillaries, side branches and internal chamber branches of partial crown plants. Fig. 21 Situation of seed-producing mother plant of truncated Chinese fir not flush with verticillium.

Fig. 22 Situation of seed-producing mother plants of short-cut Chinese fir without cutting tips in time.

Fig. 23 Situation of the mother plant of Chinese fir seedlings after grafting without removing the female flowers of the mother plant in the second year.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following will describe the present invention more fully. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the present disclosure more thorough and comprehensive.

The experimental methods not indicating specific conditions in the following examples are usually in accordance with conventional conditions. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention. The terms used in the description of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a kind of method of cultivating Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant is provided, comprising the following steps,

(1) Cultivation of rootstocks: select the Chinese fir fine-bred family seeds approved by provincial-level or above variety approval institutions to sow and raise seedlings, and the seedlings are cultivated in fertile soil such as paddy fields. Preferably, 1125kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hectare as base fertilizer, and the number of seedlings per square meter is controlled. About 40 to 45 plants, the seedlings cultivated in this way have many fibrous roots and a high proportion of strong seedlings; the 1-year-old bare-rooted seedlings cultivated by the above method are selected as rootstocks, and the trunk of the seedlings is required to be fully lignified, with a height of more than 60 cm and a ground diameter of more than 1 cm. Above the verticillium, well-developed fibrous roots, no disease; the rootstock is planted as it rises, and the size of the planting hole is (56-63) cm × (56-63) cm × (47-52) cm, more preferably 60 cm × 60 cm × 50 cm, Apply bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter content ≥ 60%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ≥ 10%, Bacillus subtilis concentration ≥ 200 million/g) 0.50kg, compound fertilizer 0.21kg-0.27kg as the base fertilizer and cover the topsoil, rain in January to February When planting in cloudy days, the stems of the seedlings are upright when planting, the planting depth is slightly deeper than the root neck of the seedlings by 3cm to 5cm, the surrounding soil is compacted, the covering soil is slightly higher than the ground, the bottom is tight and the top is loose; in June of the year of planting, topdressing with urea 0.13 kg～0.18kg/plant, more preferably 0.15kg/plant, and tending once again in October; according to the above method, the seedling height of the plant can reach more than 1.5m and the ground diameter of more than 4cm after one year of planting, and can be used as rootstock for grafting;

(2) Scion selection: From January to February, the 1-year-old scion in the upper layer of the mother plant is cut as the scion (using the age effect of the scion to improve flowering and firmness), and the scion must be a whorled scion with a whorled terminal bud. , The physiological state is the dormant period, the ear length is 10cm-15cm, and the diameter is 0.8cm-1.0cm.

(3) Grafting: After cutting the scion, graft it immediately, and graft the rootstock at a distance of 8cm to 12cm from the ground (reduce the height of the rootstock, directly dwarf the grafted plants, and make full use of the advantage of the diameter and width of the low position to meet the requirements of grafting, and directly shorten the cultivation. The number of years of qualified rootstock), the diameter of the grafting port is more than 3cm, and the above-mentioned scion is grafted according to the pith cambium butt grafting method, and the side branches near the ground of the rootstock or the shoots of the rootstock are left as vegetative branches.

(4) Management and cultivation of the mother plant in the first year: From May to June, when the scion is slightly longer than 30cm, the shoot is cut off to control the height, and the trunk length is controlled between 20cm and 25cm after the shoot is cut off; then, the plant is planted Weeding and loosening the soil within 1m of the hole, erasing the rootstock germination, removing the nutrient branches of the rootstock, applying 0.2kg of compound fertilizer per plant by furrow method, and spraying trace element foliar fertilizer (800-1000 times dilution ratio); in August, Pruning, height control, and shaping (①For grafted plants with positive crowns, keep the first layer of verticills close to the ground, and control the growth potential of the second layer of verticillaries, including truncating the top, or thinning out the excessive top branches on the verticill cut, and the second layer of verticills. Only keep 1-2 partial crown top branches at the cut of layer verticils, and remove excessively dense verticils; ② For grafted plants with partial crowns and multiple main trunk branches, remove excessive main branches, and only keep 3-4 branches. main trunk branches, thinning over-dense vertices, side branches and internal chamber branches), when the main branch is truncated or excessive top branches on verticills are thinned, the cut is flush with the verticills, and side branches and over-dense vertices are thinned The incision is close to the main branch when it reaches the inner chamber branch, and the tree height is controlled below 80cm. Cut short (cut off 10cm~15cm) to promote the emergence of lateral buds; in October, weed and loosen the soil within 1m of the planting hole, and remove the rootstock germination; in December, the tree body is basically "happy", remove the ground branches of the mother plant And the rootstock germination (bar), then shovel soil to cover the rootstock, compact it, and the mound is in the shape of a cone, inhibiting the rootstock germination (bar) from happening again.

(5) Management and cultivation of the mother plant in the second year: From January to February of the second year, remove the male and female flowers at the initial stage of development of the mother plant, truncate the top, thin out too many main branches, and over-dense flowers according to the method described in (4). There are too many top branches on the verticillium and side branches, inner chamber branches and verticillates, broken slightly, and short-cut; in June, weed and loosen the soil according to the method described in (4), and use the furrow method to apply the biological organic matter described in (1) to each plant. Fertilizer 1.0kg, low-intensity pruning management (broken slightly, short cut, etc.); in October, weeding and loosening the soil according to the method described in (4); in December, low-intensity pruning management according to the method described in (4) (mainly remove Inner chamber branches, shade branches, aging branches), keep the overall light and air permeability of the plant, control the tree height below 1.8m, dwarf to a "happy type", and the tree body is finalized.

(6) Management of the mother plant in the third year and subsequent years: in the spring of the third year and subsequent years, keep the female flowers and male flowers of the dwarfed mother plant, and artificially assist in pollination when the female flowers are pollinated. The pollination time is 10 am. :00～12:00 and 2:00～4:00 in the afternoon, assist pollination at least twice to increase the seed setting rate and seed production rate of the mother plant. In the third year of grafting, the mother plant began to bear fruit and put into production. Every year in June, weed and loosen the soil by the method described in (4), adopt the bio-organic fertilizer 1.0kg described in (1) and 0.5kg of phosphate fertilizer for every plant using the furrow method, and manage the low-intensity pruning of the fruiting branches (breaking a little, removing the shade) branches, etc.), carry out medium-intensity pruning management on non-fruiting branches according to the method described in (4) (truncating the top, thinning out excessive main branches, over-dense vertices and side branches, inner chamber branches, yin branches and verticillary branches) Many top branches, broken slightly, short cut, etc.); in October, weeding and loosening the soil according to the method described in (4); from November to December, after the cones are harvested, pruning management according to the method described in (4) (truncation) , Thinning out dense verticillium and side branches, internal chamber branches, shade branches, old branches and excessive top branches on verticillates), keep the whole plant light and ventilated, control the height of the tree below 2.2m, and maintain a "happy type" dwarf tree.

The current Chinese fir seed orchard has a long cultivation cycle and high management costs for the mother plant. It takes more than 5 years to cultivate and put into production mother plants by conventional methods, and the top of the tree has obvious advantages, and the height grows vigorously. The height of the tree is usually more than 6m, and it is difficult to assist pollination, the fruiting part is high, the seed collection is difficult, and the cost is high; in addition, the mother plant cultivation In the early stage, the poles need to be tied and supported to prevent wind and folds, and in the later stage, the tying and support must be untied, and the rootstocks are routinely degermed three times a year, which is labor-intensive and costly. Adopting the method of the present invention to cultivate and put into production mother plants only needs 4 years (including stages such as stock setting, grafting, and cultivation), and has obvious effects in plant type control, rootstock suppression, balanced distribution of male and female flowers, and increase in flower volume. Body forming, flowering and fruiting time were significantly shortened.

The following specific examples are used for further illustration, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Adopt a kind of fast breeding Chinese fir seed-producing mother plant method of the present invention, popularize and apply in the state-owned Xiaokeng Forest Farm (abbreviation Xiaokeng Forest Farm) in Qujiang District, Shaoguan City, involving 18 parental clones, and cultivating and putting into production 291 mother plants.

Specifically follow the steps below:

(1) January 28, 2016: 1-year-old bare-rooted seedlings bred from the seedlings of Xiaokeng Forest Farm were selected as rootstock seedlings. The trunks of the seedlings were fully lignified, with an average seedling height of 70.3cm and an average ground diameter of 1.33cm. Above verticillium, well-developed fibrous roots, no disease. After raising the seedlings, through appropriate root trimming and root pulping (appropriately adding ABT rooting powder), they were planted in the construction site of the Chinese fir seed garden in the Xiaoping work area of Xiaokeng Forest Farm. Golden Sun Biological Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd., organic matter content ≥ 60%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ≥ 10%, Bacillus subtilis concentration ≥ 200 million/g) 0.5kg, compound fertilizer (Anhui Liuguo Chemical Co., Ltd., NPK 15 -15-15) 0.25kg is the base fertilizer, which has been covered with topsoil. Plant in cloudy days after the rain from January to February. When planting, the seedlings are upright. The planting depth is slightly deeper than the root neck of the seedlings by 3cm to 5cm. The surrounding soil is compacted, and the covering soil is slightly higher than the ground.

(2) June 7, 2016: Forest land tending includes shoveling, clearing, expanding holes, cultivating, etc., topdressing urea 150g per rootstock seedling.

(3) October 11, 2016: Forest land tending includes shoveling weeds, clearing belts, expanding holes, cultivating studs, etc.

(4) January 3, 2017: The average height of the selected rootstock is 1.6m, the average ground diameter is 4.1cm, and the average diameter of the rootstock is 3.9cm thick at a distance of 10cm from the ground. Rapid breeding provides an important role;

See Figure 2. The parental spikes of Jianyuan were cut from the fir breeding garden of Xiaokeng Forest Farm. The spikes were all from the middle and upper layers of the mother tree, which were 1-year-old spikes, whorls with whorl terminal buds, and were in a dormant physiological state. The spikes were long. 12cm to 15cm, diameter 0.8cm to 1.0cm; grafting will be carried out immediately after ear picking, see Figure 3. Specifically, the rootstock is grafted at a distance of 8cm to 12cm from the ground, and the above-mentioned scion is grafted according to the butt grafting method of the pith cambium, and the side branches of the rootstock near the ground or the sprouts of the rootstock are left as vegetative branches, and the scion is also bagged for heat preservation and moisture retention. deal with.

(5) February 28, 2017: Remove the bagging on the scion.

(6) May 17, 2017: See Figure 4, the mother plant after 4 months of grafting. After investigation, the survival rate of grafting reached 96%. The length of each grafted plant was more than 30cm, and then the shoots were cut off to control the height. See Figure 5. After the shoots were cut off, the trunk length was controlled between 20cm and 25cm.

(7) June 2, 2017: Weeding and loosening the soil within 1m of the planting hole of the grafted plant (mother plant), erasing the germination of the rootstock, and removing the vegetative branches of the rootstock. Use furrow method to apply 0.2kg compound fertilizer per plant, and spray trace element foliar fertilizer (dilution factor 800-1000 times). Referring to Fig. 6, it is the mother plant after grafting 6 months.

(8) August 2nd to 3rd, 2017: Pruning, height control, and shaping: ① For grafted plants with crown crowns, keep the first layer of verticils close to the ground, and control the growth potential of the second layer of verticills, including truncation, or Thin out the excessive top branches on the verticillum cut, and only keep 1-2 partial crown top branches at the second layer of verticillary cuts, and thin out the dense verticillaries; ② For grafted plants with partial crowns and multiple main trunk branches , Thin out too many main branches, keep only 3 to 4 main trunk branches, and thin out dense verticils, side branches and inner chamber branches. When the main branch is truncated or the excess branches on the verticillum are removed, the incision is flush with the verticillary branch, and when the side branches, excessively dense verticillary branches and internal chamber branches are removed, the incision is close to the main branch. After treatment, the average tree height is 59cm, the upper and lower branches are misplaced, and the whole plant is transparent and ventilated. On this basis, the central branch of the mother plant is cut slightly (see Figure 8), and the side branches are short-cut with medium and high strength (cut off 10cm-15cm) to promote the occurrence of side buds.

(9) October 13, 2017: Weeding and loosening the soil within 1m of the planting hole, and removing the rootstock, see Figure 7.

(10) December 23-24, 2017: After investigation, the average tree height of each mother plant was 92.1cm, the average crown width was 103.3cm, and the tree body was basically "happy". The plastic dwarfing control mother plant has obvious top dominance (grafting at the same time, also super low grafting), the average tree height is 142.8cm, and the average crown width is 85.0cm; remove the mopping branches of the mother plant and rootstock buds (strips), and then shovel the soil The rootstock is covered, compacted, and the mound is cone-shaped (see Figure 12), thereby inhibiting rootstock germination (strip) from reoccurring.

(11) February 4th to 12th, 2018: remove the male and female flowers at the early stage of development of the mother plant, pruning to control height, shaping (including main branch truncation, thinning out excessive main branches, over-dense verticils and side branches, There are too many top branches on the inner chamber branches and verticillates, slightly broken, and short cut; see Figure 9, remove the excessive top branches and verticillates of the mother plant.

(12) From June 5th to 8th, 2018: Weeding and loosening the soil within 1m of the planting hole, applying 1.0kg of bio-organic fertilizer per plant by furrow method, and low-intensity pruning management (slightly broken, short cut).

(13) From October 9th to 11th, 2018: weeding and loosening the soil within 1m of the planting hole.

(14) December 3rd to 5th, 2018: Low-intensity pruning management, mainly to remove inner chamber branches and old branches, keep the whole plant transparent and ventilated, control the tree height below 1.8m, and dwarf it into a "happy type" , the shape of the tree body.

(15) February 16-18, 2019: Refer to Figure 13, the average tree height of the dwarfed "happy" mother plant is 1.47m, the average crown width is 1.84m, the average number of female flowers is 187/plant, and the average number of male flowers 24 clusters/plant, 1.29m shorter than the control (referring to Figure 14, the mother plant grafted at the same period but not shaped and dwarfed, also super-low grafted), increased by 0.93 times, increased by 60.5%, and increased by 28.4%. In addition, the distribution of male and female flowers is balanced, and the distribution of female flowers is relatively low. On February 16th, between 10:00 am and 12:00 am, the female flowers of the mother plant were artificially pollinated once. The female flower of the mother plant was artificially pollinated once, twice in total.

(16) After March 2019: The mother plant is fruitful and put into production, see Figure 15. Managed according to the method described in this application, the mother plant is a "happy" dwarf tree body, and the height of the tree body and the flowering and fruiting part can be controlled below 2.2m. In particular, the mother plant has a low fruiting part and is easy to collect seeds. The efficiency of seed collection can be increased by more than 1 time, and the labor cost can be reduced by 50%. See Figure 16. It takes more than 5 years to cultivate and put into production mother plants using conventional methods, and the top of the tree has obvious advantages, and the height grows vigorously. The tree height is usually more than 6m, and it is difficult to assist pollination.

Conventional grafting method: The rootstock cultivation period is at least 2 years, and the distance between the grafting interface and the ground is generally 30cm to 50cm. The grafted plants are easy to break in the wind and need to be tied with a pole. In addition, the rootstocks have many sprouts/strips and need to be wiped off every year, which is labor-intensive and expensive. Refer to Fig. 17, it is the conventional grafting method, the mother plant after grafting 6 months, because the scion is taken out slightly and grows to 30cm, does not cut off the tip in time to control the height, the top of the grafted plant has obvious advantages, the height grows vigorously, and the tip is drawn out more than 1.2m.

In addition, in the first year of pruning, height control and shaping, it is also very important for premature birth and fruitfulness, see Figure 18, other steps are as described in the present invention, but the growth potential of the second layer of verticils is not controlled in the year of grafting, and the branches are truncated and pruned. Later, it was found that the canopy of the positive crown plants was not truncated in time and dwarfed, and the canopy moved up, and the dwarfing effect was poor. Referring to Fig. 19, since the crown plant does not cut off too many top branches, it is easy to restore the dominance of the top, but it is difficult to dwarf the tree. Referring to Figure 20, because partial crown plants do not remove too many main branches, too dense verticillium, side branches and internal chamber branches, it is easy to cause problems such as excessive growth of branches, difficulty in flowering and fruiting in advance, and susceptibility to diseases. Referring to Fig. 21, since the truncation of verticills without flushing is easy to promote the occurrence of more terminal buds (branches) or lateral buds (branches), it is not conducive to dwarfing and tree body management. Referring to Fig. 22, due to failure to cut off the tip in time, it is easy to cause excessive growth, and the body of the tree is difficult to control.

Referring to Fig. 23, other steps are according to the present invention, but the female flowers of the mother plant are not removed in the second year of grafting and allowed to bear fruit. As a result, it is found that not removing the female flowers of the mother plant will easily cause the tree body to weaken.

Method of the present invention and existing other method effect comparison such as table 1:

The conventional methods described below (method 1) can be referred to: ① Ou Bin, Jiang Jun, Lou Zhehui, Lu Qinghua, Ou Shurong. The rapid formation technology of fir grafted seed orchards [J]. Fujian Forestry Science and Technology, 2016, 43 (01) :84-88; ②DB44/T1533-2015 Technical Regulations for Construction of Fir Seed Gardens.

The method with dwarf management (method 2) is a method explored in recent years. Please refer to ZL201610281320.8, a method for promoting high and stable yield in Chinese fir seed orchard, and CN201810148502, a method for dwarfing, pruning and high-yielding mother tree in Chinese fir seed orchard.

Table 1 method of the present invention and the effect contrast of existing other cultivation Chinese fir production seed mother plant (putting into production) method

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that the following steps are included:

(1) stock is cultivated, comprising: chooses rootstock seedling, the rootstock seedling is that the life in 1 year of China fir breeding family is grown directly from seeds bare-root seeding, high 60cm or more, the abundant lignifying of trunk, ground diameter 1cm or more, the wheel branch with 4 or more, fibrous root are flourishing, disease-free；Field planting 1 It is grafted after year as stock, the stock is up to 1.5m or more, ground diameter 4cm or more；

(2) scion selects, comprising: interception scion, the scion are verticillate fringe bar and are suspend mode with verticillate terminal bud, physiological status Phase, the thick 0.8cm~1.0cm of diameter；

(3) it grafts: after clip scion, in stock away from bar grafting of breaking at the 8cm~12cm of ground, the thick 3cm or more of bore is grafted, by marrow Heart-shaped stratification rendezvous method grafts the scion, stays stock side shoot near the ground or stock coppice shoot is nutrition branch；

It the management of (4) the 1st years maternal plants and cultivates, comprising: after grafting 4~5 months, when scion is taken out and slightly grown to 30cm or more, immediately Disconnected tip control is high, and the long control of trunk is between 20cm~25cm after the tip that breaks；Fertilising；It prunes and controls high, shaping；After grafting 10~11 months, It removes maternal plant to mop floor branch and stock rudiment, with rear shovel soil covering stock, compacting, the tapered shape of mound inhibits stock rudiment to send out again It is raw；

Maternal plant management in (5) the 2nd years and cultivation: the male flower and female flower of maternal plant early development are extractd in 1~2 month of the 2nd year；Weeding pine Soil, fertilising；It prunes, shaping, keeps plant integral light-transmitting ventilative, set high control in 1.8m hereinafter, downgrading is " happy type ", tree body Sizing；

Maternal plant management in (6) the 3rd years, comprising: the 3rd year spring retained the female flower and male flower for downgrading molding maternal plant, pollinated in female flower Optimum period artificial supplementary pollination, fertilising；It prunes, shaping；It is solid, it obtains the China fir and produces kind of a maternal plant.

2. the method according to claim 1 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (1), the rootstock seedling When plant, plant hole size be (56~63) cm × (56~63) cm × (47~52) cm and apply biological organic fertilizer 0.45kg~ 0.55kg and compound fertilizer 0.21kg~0.27kg be base manure after cover surface soil；In the biological organic fertilizer include the content of organic matter >= 60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g.

3. the method according to claim 1 or 2 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (1), further include After rootstock seedling plants for 4~May, 0.13kg~0.18kg/ plants of urea are imposed.

4. the method according to claim 1 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that the scion is picked up from fringe maternal plant The 1 year raw fringe bar in upper layer.

5. the method according to claim 1 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (4), the fertilising is 0.17kg~0.22kg compound fertilizer is applied using every plant of byfurrow method, and sprays microelement foliage fertilizer.

6. cultivating the method that China fir produces kind of maternal plant according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that described to repair in step (4) Branch control is high, shaping includes: to retain to positive hat grafting strain and lean on ground first layer wheel branch, control second layer wheel branch growth gesture, including cut Top, or remove and cross multiple leaders on wheel branch section, only retain 1~2 inclined crown branch at second layer wheel branch section, removes overstocked wheel Branch；And/or the grafting strain to being preced with, having more trunk branches partially, excessive major branch is removed, only retains 3~4 trunk branches, removes overstocked Take turns branch, side shoot and internal branch, major branch truncation or when removing on wheel branch multiple leaders, section is flushed with branch is taken turns, and removes side shoot and mistake Notch is close to major branch when close wheel branch and internal branch, sets high control in 80cm hereinafter, upper and lower level branch is dislocatedly distributed, plant is integrally saturating Light is ventilative；

Maternal plant center branch is made to break and is slightly handled, 10cm~15cm is cut out to side shoot, promotees lateral bud.

7. the method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that in step (5), using ditch Excute a law every plant and apply the biological organic fertilizer 0.8kg~1.2kg, include in the biological organic fertilizer content of organic matter >=60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g.

8. the according to claim 1 or 6 method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that in step (6), when pollination Between for the morning 10:00~12:00, the 2:00~4:00 in afternoon between.

9. the method according to claim 8 cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant, characterized in that supple-mentary pollination number at least 2 times.

10. the method cultivated China fir and produce kind of maternal plant according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that in step (6), using ditch It excutes a law every plant and applies the biological organic fertilizer 0.8kg~1.2kg and phosphate fertilizer 0.45kg~0.55kg, wrapped in the biological organic fertilizer Include the content of organic matter >=60%, N-P-K content >=10%, bacillus subtilis bacteria concentration >=2.0 hundred million/g.