CN103141254B - Vegetative propagation method for SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock - Google Patents
Vegetative propagation method for SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vegetative propagation method for an SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock, which is characterized in that the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock is buried to promote germinating new branches, and then cuttage is performed on the new branches to take root in an arched shed. The method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining and processing of grafted seedlings of the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock; 2, obtaining of new branches for cuttage; 3, collection and processing of new branches for cuttage; 4, good processing of cuttage of new branches; 5, management after cuttage; and 6, transplanting and management of cutting seedlings. The method breaks through the bottleneck that apple nursery stock propagation of the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock can only be performed by an intermediate stock method, and enables the cuttage rootage rate of the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock to reach 80%, and the transplanting survival rate to reach more than 75%. According to the method, the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock can completely and really exert the performance of early bearing, high quality and high yield, and the characteristics of strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and good substantivity of rootstock scions. The method has wide application prospect and remarkable social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vegetative propagation technique field of plant, specifically a kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees.
Background technology
SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is to adopt cross breeding method (state's light * Henan Malus spectabilis by Research Inst. for fruit Tree, Agricultural Academy of Shanxi Prov., 1978-1994) the research seed selection forms, comprise from half and downgrading to the polytype of downgrading, there is the time of nourishing and growing that shortens apple tree, the ability that promotion is nourished and grown and transformed to reproductive growth, thereby realize early bearing, high-quality, high yield.SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees has the characteristics such as strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, anvil fringe compatibility be good aspect biological property.Apple expert and orchard worker show through observation and practice for many years: at SH, be grafting apple on Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, M, MM that these Major Economics such as resistance (drought resisting, anti-stripping, cold-resistant, resistant to lodging) of painted, the local flavor of fruit, quality, storability and tree body have all surpassed Britain are Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees.Therefore, SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is the good apple rootstock under suitable China Loess Plateau natural ecological condition.At present, SH is the first-selected stock that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees has become China's Apple Dwarf Stocks planting culture, promise well.
But, because SH is the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees difficulty of taking root, in production, can only be applied by the method as interstock.First with the plantation of the seeds such as Malus spectabilis, Malus baccata, obtain the base anvils, then the SH of one section 15-30 centimetre of grafting thereon being Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, is finally Grafted Variety on Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees at SH.It is that the characteristic of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees can not be given full play to that this grafting method makes SH, especially aspect tree low body, fruit quality and tree body adaptability.Simultaneously, the step of growing seedlings than the many graftings of vigorous stock once, makes the grafting management program loaded down with trivial details, and has extended the outplanting cycle, the effort, with high costs of taking a lot of work.Therefore, carrying out SH is the vegetative propagation of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, realizes the production of its own-rooted tree, and making SH is that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees intrinsic advantage can be given full play to, and seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The present invention can only do interstock in promoting for to solve SH be that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is actual and make SH be that the characteristic of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is not in full use and extended the outplanting cycle, improved a series of restriction SH such as seedling cost is the bottleneck problem of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees fast development, and a kind of SH is provided, is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees.The method is specifically that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees buries the dry shoot that inspires by SH, then by shoot cuttage root-taking in shed.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
(method of bud grafting is the most frequently used grafting method in this area to use in the fall the method for bud grafting, belong to known technology) by SH, be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings then, Second Year spring, when himself sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, by being positioned at the grafting bud on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, (this grafting bud is that SH is Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, down together) above 2 centimeters are cut and are cut out, and remove apical dominance, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, for keeping the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, by on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, by itself sprout, sprouting the branch formed, cut, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground and (can avoid like this apical dominance of branch, be conducive to the even growth of sprout on branch, promote that sprout forms new branch fast, uniformly);
2) acquisition of new branch for cuttage
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, (some band girdle mouths are divided into some joints by branch to the band girdle mouth that is 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, leave 4 blades on every joint branch, the nutrition that leaf photosynthesis on every joint branch produces only can accumulate on this joint branch because of blocking of band girdle mouth, the final sprouting that promotes sprout on this joint branch, so band girdle mouth has played the purpose of building up nutrition), and wrap up the band girdle place with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper (toilet paper, aluminium-foil paper is all in order to protect band girdle mouth, avoid the band girdle mouth contaminated), afterwards this branch is buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch is exposed, until obtain 5-7 the new branch that length is 15-20 centimetre on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days, to promote the growth of new branch,
3) acquisition and processing of new branch for cuttage
By step 2) in the new branch sprouted out from its base portion, block, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 15 minutes (to reach the purpose of sterilization) in 800 times of carbendazim solutions, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and the opposite of the bud of close base portion is cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre (take on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion is cut an inclined-plane otch, long 1 centimetre of otch inclined-plane as entry on new branch; On new branch, the petiole root of each blade just has a bud, and the otch that is positioned at the bud place is easily taken root);
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, the clean river sand sieved is spread to cuttage layer the leveling of 10 cm thicks in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray (to prevent growing of miscellaneous bacteria) thoroughly, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick to press 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows on husky bed cuttage layer, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack, (seeding row spacing is that the size that is leaves of apple stocks according to SH is determined, between the cuttage rear blade, not to be in contact with one another and to be advisable, because blade superposes mutually, easily at the stack position, produce mould, cause blade to rot.Above-mentioned seeding row spacing, hole depth are determined through theory calculating and correlation test, can guarantee that new branch blade does not overlap, base portion does not does not wear and tear, thereby prevent that blade from rotting, brownization of base portion, for inducing the cuttage branch to take root, provide favorable environment); By new branch base portion treated in step 3) at the IBA(of 3000mg/L indolebutyric acid) soak 3 seconds in the aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged hole, with watering can, evenly spray water, (prevent spray from contacting with cutting medium closely make the spray dehydration) closed to the Sramanera in gap, all jacks place, the new branch that righting is tilted, take the shed moisturizing on the cuttage pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 23 ℃-28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃-20 ℃ (temperature is controlled particular importance herein, and must have the temperature difference a day night, otherwise can obviously affect rooting rate), spray water 3-5 every day, makes air humidity remain on more than 90%, early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once every day (in case the uppermost leaf sheet comes off and rots, general each 4-5min that leaks informaton), new branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root while growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and minimizing water spray number of times, reducing air humidity (is guaranteeing under the prerequisite that the cuttage material blade is not wilted, spray water less as far as possible, because water spray too much, can cause substrate temperature too low, humidity is excessive, easily cause cuttage branch base portion blackout, leaf abscission, affect rooting rate), simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, new branch sprays weekly one time of nutrition liquid after taking root, described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea mix for 1:1 in mass ratio, add water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 0.5%, when new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube,
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: (rural area soil is common cultivating soil, and because of often fertilising farming, fertility is higher, and granular structure is good, is one of primary raw material of preparation compost for 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and 1 part of perlite; Farmyard manure is of a great variety and source is wide, quantity is large, be convenient to gather materials on the spot, use on the spot, cost is also lower, contained nutriment is more comprehensive, and it is conducive to promote the formation of soil aggregate, and the ratio of soil air and water is coordinated, make loosing soil, increase the ability of water conservation, insulation, ventilative, fertilizer conservation; Perlite can be transformed soil, regulates soil compaction, controls fertilizer efficiency and fertile degree, and as thinner and the carrier of insecticide and weed killer herbicide); The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root to transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, after transplanting, waters immediately permeablely, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, de-alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Further, in step 1), by the method for bud grafting, by SH, be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is to carry out in August in the fall on the seedling of giving birth to then eight rib Malus spectabilis, be the Best Times of grafting August, because grafting time is too early, likely budders then and can sprout, can't survive the winter, and grafting time is excessively slow, budder and can not well heal with stock, can affect survival rate.
In step 1), when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is northwards overwhelmed to parallel to the ground.After overwhelming, from morning to the daylighting that can make branch at dusk more fully, rationally, thereby promote branch better to grow northwards.
In step 6), in shed, temperature preferably is controlled between 20-25 ℃, in this temperature range, is conducive to the take root growth of seedling of new branch.
SH provided by the invention is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, be that SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees buries the dry method that inspires cuttage root-taking in shoot, shoot shed can to make SH be that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees cuttage root-taking rate reaches 80%, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 75%.Making SH is the characteristic of its early bearing of performance that apple rootstock can be fully real, high-quality, high yield and strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, the good characteristics of anvil fringe compatibility.Having broken through SH and be apple rootstock can only carry out bottleneck that apple nursery stock breeds, realize that SH is the production of apple rootstock cuttage seeding by the method for interstock, except giving full play to the good characteristic that SH is Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, can also make growing-seedling period shorten 1 year, the seedling height is neat, greatly reduce production cost, accelerated the speed of growing seedlings.Have the meaning of milestone in downgrading apple industry, have a extensive future, social and economic benefits is remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
In August, by the method for bud grafting, by SH, be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then, Second Year spring, when the sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedling positions, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, by eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, by itself sprout, sprouting the branch formed, cut, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) acquisition of new branch for cuttage
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, the band girdle mouth that is 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch is buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch is exposed, until obtain 5 new branches that length is 20 centimetres on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days;
3) acquisition and processing of new branch for cuttage
By step 2) in the new branch sprouted out from its base portion, block, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions to 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, the clean river sand sieved is spread to cuttage layer the leveling of 10 cm thicks in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick on husky bed cuttage layer, press 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) is soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged hole, evenly spray water with watering can, gap, all jacks place is closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, take the shed moisturizing on the cuttage pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃; Spray water every day 4 times, make air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root while growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, new branch sprays weekly one time of nutrition liquid after taking root, and described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea mix for 1:1 in mass ratio, add water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 0.5%; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and 1 part of perlite; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root to transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, after transplanting, waters immediately permeablely, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, de-alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Embodiment 2
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
In September, by the method for bud grafting, by SH, be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then, Second Year spring, when the sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedling positions, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, by eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, by itself sprout, sprouting the branch formed, cut, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) acquisition of new branch for cuttage
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, the band girdle mouth that is 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch is buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch is exposed, until obtain 6 new branches that length is 15 centimetres on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days;
3) acquisition and processing of new branch for cuttage
By step 2) in the new branch sprouted out from its base portion, block, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions to 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, the clean river sand sieved is spread to cuttage layer the leveling of 10 cm thicks in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick on husky bed cuttage layer, press 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) is soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged hole, evenly spray water with watering can, gap, all jacks place is closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, take the shed moisturizing on the cuttage pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 25 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 20 ℃; Spray water every day 5 times, make air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root while growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, new branch sprays weekly one time of nutrition liquid after taking root, and described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea mix for 1:1 in mass ratio, add water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 0.5%; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and 1 part of perlite; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root to transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, after transplanting, waters immediately permeablely, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, de-alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Embodiment 3
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
In July, by the method for bud grafting, by SH, be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then, Second Year spring, when the sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedling positions, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, by eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, by itself sprout, sprouting the branch formed, cut, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) acquisition of new branch for cuttage
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, the band girdle mouth that is 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch is buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch is exposed, until obtain 7 new branches that length is 17 centimetres on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days;
3) acquisition and processing of new branch for cuttage
By step 2) in the new branch sprouted out from its base portion, block, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions to 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, the clean river sand sieved is spread to cuttage layer the leveling of 10 cm thicks in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick on husky bed cuttage layer, press 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) is soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged hole, evenly spray water with watering can, gap, all jacks place is closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, take the shed moisturizing on the cuttage pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 23 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 19 ℃; Spray water every day 3 times, make air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root while growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, new branch sprays weekly one time of nutrition liquid after taking root, and described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea mix for 1:1 in mass ratio, add water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 0.5%; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and 1 part of perlite; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root to transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, after transplanting, waters immediately permeablely, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, de-alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Claims (5)
1. a SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
By the method for bud grafting, by SH, be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings then in the fall, Second Year spring, when himself sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, by eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, by itself sprout, sprouting the branch formed, cut, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) acquisition of new branch for cuttage
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, the band girdle mouth that is 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch is buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch is exposed, until obtain 5-7 the new branch that length is 15-20 centimetre on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days;
3) acquisition and processing of new branch for cuttage
By step 2) in the new branch sprouted out from its base portion, block, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions to 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, the clean river sand sieved is spread to cuttage layer the leveling of 10 cm thicks in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, the wetting powder that described carbendazim is active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick on husky bed cuttage layer, press 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) is soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged hole, evenly spray water with watering can, gap, all jacks place is closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, take the shed moisturizing on the cuttage pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 23 ℃-28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃-20 ℃; Spray water 3-5 every day, makes air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root while growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, new branch sprays weekly one time of nutrition liquid after taking root, and described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea mix for 1:1 in mass ratio, add water, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 0.5%; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and 1 part of perlite; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root to transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, after transplanting, waters immediately permeablely, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, de-alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
2. a kind of SH according to claim 1 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 1), be that the method with bud grafting is that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then by SH when August.
3. a kind of SH according to claim 1 and 2 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 1), when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is northwards overwhelmed to parallel to the ground.
4. a kind of SH according to claim 1 and 2 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 6), in shed, temperature preferably is controlled between 20-25 ℃.
5. a kind of SH according to claim 3 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 6), in shed, temperature preferably is controlled between 20-25 ℃.
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| CN104303976A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-01-28 | 河北农业大学 | SH-line apple dwarf rootstock cutting propagation technology |
| CN104663345B (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-04-05 | 山东省果树研究所 | For the softwood cutting propagation method and promoter compositionss of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees |
| CN105230354B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-11-14 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of fast breeding method of apple from root dwarfing interstock nursery stock |
| CN109258258A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-01-25 | 强宁侠 | A kind of method of SH system Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees vegetative propagation |
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| CN113575154A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Cultivation method for cutting seedling |
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