CN105230354B - A kind of fast breeding method of apple from root dwarfing interstock nursery stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid cultivation method of apple self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings, the specific steps are as follows: the dwarfing intermediate stock is grafted to the base stock and then cuttage is carried out, and the base of the stock seedling with the dwarfing intermediate stock to be grafted is The rootstock is rooted, and after the buds of the dwarfed middle stock reach 10 centimeters, the seedlings are hardened and field transplanted, and then the scion of an excellent apple variety is grafted onto the dwarfed middle stock to obtain the apple self-rooted dwarfed middle stock seedlings. The invention not only makes full use of apple varieties and rootstock resources, but also is simple and labor-saving, shortens the seedling cultivation cycle of apple dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings to one year, reduces input costs, and the survival rate of the year can reach more than 95%, and the emergence rate of high-quality strong seedlings can reach 80%. The above rapid cultivation method for self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings of apples.

Description

A rapid cultivation method for self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings of apples

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree seedling breeding, and in particular relates to a rapid cultivation method for apple self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings.

Background technique

Due to the advantages of early fruiting, high yield, quick effect, ventilation and light transmission, good fruit quality, short crown, convenient management, labor saving, and mechanized operation, the apple dwarf rootstock cultivation method has long been highly valued internationally. More than 90% of apple cultivation in most European countries, as well as the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and other countries adopts the low-stock cultivation method, and the short-stock cultivation is also the development direction of my country's apple production in the future. However, the dwarfing rootstock seedlings of apples in European and American countries are mostly based on self-rooted stock, and Japan mostly adopts self-rooted dwarfing intermediate rootstock. Japan's self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedling raising technology is divided into three steps: base stock cutting rooting, base stock grafting intermediate stock, and intermediate stock grafting varieties, which require a seedling cycle of 2 to 3 years. Due to the problems of difficult propagation of apple dwarfing self-root stock, low reproduction coefficient and high cost, most of the apple dwarf stock seedlings in my country are mainly seeded dwarfed intermediate stock. Composed of three parts of the species, this kind of seedlings has large individual differences, long seedling cycle (3 years) and vigorous vegetative growth of the tree body, resulting in poor orchard uniformity, late results, and difficult management.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the current problems of large individual differences among apple seedling dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings, long seedling cultivation period and vigorous tree body vegetative growth, etc., resulting in poor orchard uniformity, late fruiting, and difficult management, the present invention provides an apple self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock. A rapid cultivation method for stock seedlings, which is to graft the dwarfed middle stock onto the base stock and then carry out cuttings, the base stock of the stock seedlings with the dwarfed middle stock to be grafted takes root, and the buds of the dwarfed middle stock are as long as 10 cm Afterwards, harden the seedlings and transplant in the field, and then graft the scion of an excellent apple variety onto the dwarfed middle stock to obtain the apple self-rooted dwarfed middle stock seedling.

Wherein, the grafting of the dwarfed intermediate stock onto the base stock and then the cutting is carried out during the dormant period of apples or 2 to 3 weeks before the germination of fruit trees in spring, generally in early March; On the middle anvil, it is carried out in the summer of that year, usually from May to June.

The concrete steps of a kind of rapid cultivation method of apple self-root dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings provided by the invention are as follows:

1) During the dormant period of apples or 2 to 3 weeks before the germination of fruit trees in spring, the dwarfed intermediate stock is grafted onto the collected base stock, and then cuttage is carried out to obtain the rootstock seedlings grafted with the dwarfed intermediate stock. On the base stock, only Keep 1 to 2 buds, and erase the rest. After the base stock takes root, and the buds on the dwarfed middle stock grow to 5 cm, then erase the remaining buds on the base stock;

2) After the buds of the dwarfing middle stock on the stock seedlings of the dwarfing middle stock are grafted up to 10 centimeters, carry out hardening and field transplanting to obtain field stock seedlings;

3) In the summer of that year, graft the scions of good apple varieties onto the dwarfed middle stock of field rootstock seedlings. After grafting, erase the buds on the base stock and the buds on the upper part of the dwarfed middle stock, and keep 1 to 2 lower parts of the dwarfed middle stock. Buds, after the buds of the scion grow to 5 cm, the buds retained by the dwarfing intermediate stock are erased.

Wherein, the base stock is preferably the crabapple which is easy to take root and has strong resistance.

Wherein, the dwarf intermediate stock is preferably SH6.

Wherein, the dwarfing intermediate stock in step 1) is collected during the dormant period of apples or 2 to 3 weeks before the germination of fruit trees in spring, and then placed in a cool and humid place for later use, or picked as needed.

Wherein, in step 1), the grafting of the dwarfed intermediate anvil to the collected base anvil is to graft a 10-15 cm long dwarfed intermediate anvil onto the base anvil by cleaving to tie it firmly, and the dwarfed intermediate anvil Keep 1-2 buds.

Wherein, for the cutting described in step 1), the base of the base stock before cutting is subjected to rapid dipping treatment with auxin analogs.

The auxin analog is preferably a 2000ppm IBA solution.

Wherein, the substrate in step 1) is a substrate with a volume ratio of peat:perlite:vermiculite of 2:1:1.

Wherein, it takes 20 to 30 days for the stock to be rooted in step 1).

Wherein, step 2) described seedling hardening, needs 7～10 days.

Wherein, the field transplanting described in step 2), after transplanting, each row of seedlings is fixed with a string to prevent the wind from breaking.

Wherein, the scion of an excellent apple variety described in step 3) is collected during the dormant period of the apple or 2 to 3 weeks before the germination of the fruit tree in spring and then placed in a cool and humid place for subsequent use, or picked as needed.

Wherein, in step 3) the scion of the excellent apple variety described in grafting is on the dwarfing middle stock of the field stock seedling, and it is that the scion with a length of 2 to 3 nodes is grafted onto the dwarfing middle stock by the split grafting method, and the scion is bound firmly. Keep 1-2 buds on the top.

The binding is firm and is bound with plastic film strips with a thickness of 0.012-0.015 mm.

The present invention also provides the application of the method for quickly cultivating apple self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings in apple breeding.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention can realize rapid breeding of seedlings suitable for apple dwarfing intermediate stock, which not only makes full use of apple varieties and rootstock resources, but also is simple and labor-saving, shortens the seedling cultivation cycle of apple dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings to one year, and reduces input costs. The invention relates to a rapid cultivation method for apple self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings with a survival rate of more than 95 percent and a high-quality strong seedling emergence rate of more than 80 percent.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the photo after the dwarfing intermediate stock is grafted to the base stock in embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is the photograph after the root stock seedling base stock grafted with dwarf intermediate stock in embodiment 1 takes root.

detailed description

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any modifications or substitutions made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

The method of the present invention was tested in the apple dwarfing intermediate stock nursery of Yang Town, Shunyi District, Beijing. The base stock of the cuttings was selected as the round leaf crabapple, and the SH6 dwarfing intermediate stock section was grafted onto the base stock. After the root stock took root, the seedlings were hardened and fielded. Transplanting, and finally grafting the scion of the Miyato Fuji variety onto the dwarfing middle rootstock section of the apple.

Cutting base stock selection: choose the rooting and strong resistance of the round leaf crabapple as the cutting base stock.

In the first ten days of March 2014, graft the dwarfed intermediate rootstock section to the base stock and then cut it into the substrate: cut off the smooth part at a height of about 5 cm from the substrate surface, and cut the SH6 dwarfed intermediate rootstock section by splitting. Graft to the rootstock of the round-leaf crabapple, and tie it firmly with thin plastic strips with a thickness of 0.015 mm, leaving the middle rootstock buds when tying. The auxin analogs are quickly dipped in 2000ppm IBA solution before cuttings; the cuttings are rooted in the matrix plugs, and the matrix is a mixture of peat: perlite: vermiculite with a volume ratio of 1:1:1 . After grafting, keep 1 to 2 buds on the base stock to germinate, and erase the rest (see Figure 1). After the SH6 dwarfing intermediate stock buds grow to 5 cm, erase the remaining 1 to 2 buds on the base stock.

Grafting has the seedling hardening and the field transplanting of the stock seedling of dwarfing middle stock: the SH6 dwarfing middle stock apple seedling that grafting is finished, treats base stock to take root (seeing Fig. 2), SH6 dwarfing middle stock bud grows to about 10cm, carries out Seedling hardening takes 7 to 10 days; after hardening, the seedlings are transplanted in the field, and each row of seedlings is fixed with a string to prevent them from being broken by the wind.

Grafting the apple variety scion on the dwarf middle rootstock section: In June 2014, the scion of the variety was made of annual Miyato Fuji branches, cut to a length of 3 knots, and the Miyato Fuji variety was grafted to the SH6 dwarf middle rootstock section by split grafting. Leave 2 buds on the scion of the variety, tie it firmly with thin plastic strips with a thickness of 0.015 mm, and leave the scion buds when binding. After grafting, delete the buds on the base stock first, and then delete the buds on the upper part of the SH6 dwarfed intermediate stock, and keep 1 to 2 buds from the lower part of the intermediate stock to germinate. After the buds of the Miyato Fuji variety grow to 5 cm, remove the SH6 dwarfed buds. Melt 1-2 buds from the lower part of the middle rootstock.

The experimental results show that the nursery stock breeding period lasts for one year, the survival rate of the year is over 95%, and the emergence rate of high-quality strong seedlings is over 80%.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of apple is from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock, it is characterised in that it is transfers dwarfing interstock It is connected on base anvil and carries out cuttage again, the base anvil of the rootstock seedling to be grafted for having a dwarfing interstock is taken root, and the bud of its dwarfing interstock After 10 centimetres, hardening and field-transplanting are carried out, remarries and connects the scion of apple improved seeds to dwarfing interstock, obtain apple Fruit is from root dwarfing interstock nursery stock；Comprise the following steps that：

1) 2~3 weeks before apple rest period or the germination of spring fruit tree, dwarfing interstock is grafted onto on the base anvil of collection, then is entered Row cuttage, obtaining grafting has the rootstock seedling of dwarfing interstock, and 1~2 bud is only retained on its base anvil, and remaining is erased, and treats base anvil Take root, and the bud of dwarfing interstock grows into after 5 centimetres on base anvil of erasing again the bud retained；

2) after the bud of the dwarfing interstock on the rootstock seedling to be grafted for having a dwarfing interstock is up to 10 centimetres, hardening and crop field are carried out Transplanting, obtains crop field rootstock seedling；

3) summer then, in the scion of grafting apple improved seeds to the dwarfing interstock of crop field rootstock seedling, it is erased after grafting The bud of base anvil and the bud on dwarfing interstock top, retain dwarfing interstock bottom 1~2 bud, treat that the bud of scion grows into 5 centimetres The bud that dwarfing interstock of erasing again afterwards retains.

2. apple as claimed in claim 1 is from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock, it is characterised in that step 1) It is described that dwarfing interstock is grafted onto on the base anvil of collection, to use cleft graft by the dwarfing interstock grafting of 10~15 centimeter lengths Colligation is solid on to base anvil, and 1-2 bud is retained on dwarfing interstock.

3. apple as claimed in claim 1 is from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock, it is characterised in that step 1) The cuttage, the base portion of base anvil carries out the quickly dipped processing of auxin analog before cuttage, and the auxin is similar Thing is 2000ppm IBA solution.

4. apple as claimed in claim 1 is from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock, it is characterised in that step 1) The cuttage, matrix used are peat：Perlite：Vermiculite volume ratio 2：1：1 matrix.

5. apple as claimed in claim 1 is from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock, it is characterised in that step 1) It is described to treat that base anvil is taken root, need 20~30 days；Step 2) the hardening, need 7~10 days.

6. apple as claimed in claim 1 is from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock, it is characterised in that step 3) To on the dwarfing interstock of crop field rootstock seedling, it is by scion that length is 2~3 sections for the scion of the grafting apple improved seeds It is solid that colligation on dwarfing interstock is grafted onto using cleft graft, 1~2 bud is retained in scion.

7. apple as described in claim any one of 1-6 exists from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock, its feature In the dwarfing interstock is SH6.

8. any one of the claim 1-7 apples are from the fast breeding method of root dwarfing interstock nursery stock in apple is bred Using.