CN105638202A - Novel light, simple and efficient cultivation method for continuous cropping of cotton and potatoes - Google Patents

Novel light, simple and efficient cultivation method for continuous cropping of cotton and potatoes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105638202A
CN105638202A CN201610001102.4A CN201610001102A CN105638202A CN 105638202 A CN105638202 A CN 105638202A CN 201610001102 A CN201610001102 A CN 201610001102A CN 105638202 A CN105638202 A CN 105638202A
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China
Prior art keywords
cotton
potato
rhizoma solani
solani tuber
tuber osi
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CN201610001102.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
范术丽
喻树迅
朱海勇
黄群
杨军
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Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201610001102.4A priority Critical patent/CN105638202A/en
Publication of CN105638202A publication Critical patent/CN105638202A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Abstract

The invention relates to a cotton-potato cultivation method and belongs to the field of agriculture. According to a traditional planting mode in cottons areas in the south, cotton and rape are interplanted, since the labor intensity is high and the economic benefit is low, in recent years, most cotton farmers give up planting of succession crops including rape after cotton harvest, and then land is idle. A novel light and simple cotton-potato cultivation method for planting potatoes for one season at the idle land after cotton harvest comprises the steps that when cotton harvest is over, cotton straw is collected, smashed and disinfected, and potato seeds are spread on the cotton land and covered with cotton straw powder; when the potatoes are ripe, the potatoes can be picked up and harvested simply by opening the cover object. Compared with a traditional potato planting method, land plowing, potato digging and other procedures are simplified, labor intensity can be greatly reduced, and income of the cotton farmers is increased.

Description

One grows cotton simplification Efficient Cultivation new method light-duty with Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping
Art
The present invention relates to one to grow cotton potato culture method, belong to agriculture field.
Background technology
Cotton region, south tradition planting patterns is the interplanting of Cotton Gossypii Brassica campestris L, for striving season, racing against time, not yet terminates at cotton harvesting, and cotton plant continued growth, in field, manually creeps into cotton plant space transplanting rape Seedling, it is achieved Cotton Gossypii and Brassica campestris L interplanting, to increase economic efficiency. Because being grown in, the cotton plant in field is dense grows thickly, it is impossible to use machinery transplanting rape, and it is big the labor intensity such as manually to transplant, water, and operation is loaded down with trivial details, and efficiency is low. The a large amount of labour force in Rural Areas at Present shifts to city, and after stay-at-home old at rural, weak and women labour has been difficult to cotton, Brassica campestris L transplants this heavy task, and for this, most of cotton growers abandon the succession crop plantations such as Brassica campestris L after cotton harvesting, and soil is idle.
China has a large population and a few land, the soil of Jin Zhan world cultivated area 7%, supports the population in the Liao Zhan world 22%. The crop growth environment conditions such as vast cotton region, south temperature, light, water are advantageous, for gathering in the crops more agricultural product on limited soil, applicant constantly brings forth new ideas, invented after utilizing cotton harvesting plant idly one season Rhizoma Solani tuber osi cotton potato simple and laborsaving cultivation new method, achieve significant economic benefit, there is stronger practicality, to ensureing that China's grain security has great meaning.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the application, by adopting factory culturing cotton Seedling, carry out mechanization transplanting, or adopt Mechanical direct sowing mode plant cotton, when cotton harvesting all terminates, with stalk harvester, cotton stalk powder is processed in cotton stalk collection, by cotton stalk powder disinfection, potato kind is directly put in the soil that winter is idle after cotton harvesting, cover in potato kind by sterilized cotton stalk powder, to replace tradition Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to plough, potato seed, dig the planting type of potato, reduce labor intensity energetically, improve efficiency, and significantly improve cotton field economic benefit.
The technical scheme realizing above-mentioned purpose and take, including:
1, raising seedling of cotton is transplanted
33cm �� 50cm is had the plastics cave dish of 100 and fills the peat composed of rotten mosses, clay, perlite by volume 7: 2: 1 or seedling medium that is alone or that mix in any proportion, spill sufficient water, substrate is made to be sufficiently humidified so as to, agglomerating with hand grip, webs gap is dripped for degree, the short season cotton kind of selection period of duration��100 day, sowing, insulation nursery, cotton Seedling is transplanted when reaching 2 leaf 1 heart;Or with the short season cotton flower variety Mechanical direct sowing Cotton Gossypii land for growing field crops of period of duration��100 day.
2, cotton stalk cutting processes
It is ground into wood sawdust shape powder not of uniform size for 0.3cm-0.7cm after cotton stalk cutting, pile 2m �� 3m �� 20m bar buttress, covered with plastic film on buttress, surrounding is obturaged, steam is passed in heap, keep 75 DEG C temperatures above 5-24 hour, to kill harmful pathogenic microorganism and to reduce too high C/N ratio, or process cotton powder of straw with compost natural fermentating method.
3, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi seeding and growing seedling
Select period of duration��90 day toxicity-removing white potato kind, be divided longitudinally into 2-4 block from terminal bud to potato tail, be then cut into the potato block of 25g-30g respectively, it is ensured that each potato block has 1-2 eye. Seed coat agent is watered by normal concentration, is sprayed onto in potato seed stripping and slicing after shaking up, and sows after drying; Or soak 10 minutes with the seed coat agent suspension of normal concentration, pull out and dry, or dress seed with carbendazim powder+calcium magnesium phosphate, put into Sowing machine for potatoes, put into nitro compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 8: 15: 22 in seeder simultaneously and rich board biological organic fertilizer is irrigated greatly on mountain, put potato kind by the density of regulation and spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer on idle cotton field, covering treated cotton powder of straw, cladding thickness 8-10cm immediately.
4, potato disease pest control
After emerging, preventing and treating potato scab, bacterial wilt by crystal aerugo aqueous solution pouring root, determined worm amine or pymetrozine preventing and treating potato virus disease and biography murder by poisoning worm every 10 days with Ningnanmycin+alkene, during height of seedling 15cm, dimethomorph or cymoxanil prevent and treat the late blight of potato.
5, potato harvest
During Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation, push cotton stalk powder covering aside with hands, pick up Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, ground Rhizoma Solani tuber osi straw are carried out compost also field simultaneously.
Compared with prior art the application has the following advantages.
1, described cotton potato continuous cropping new method is namely after cotton harvesting, and cotton field is no-tillage, potato seed is directly placed on furrow face, cotton field, and with cotton stalk powder Wheat straw mulching in potato seed, coordinates suitable fertilising and control measures, until gathering in the crops fresh potato.
Relative to tradition potato planting mode, new method can reduce when potato sowing turns over whole field and trench digging digs cave recruitment, directly push cotton stalk powder covering aside can be taken off Rhizoma Solani tuber osi when results, it is to avoid because plough or hoe dig and take potato and cause the breakage of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi. Cotton stalk powder covers Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and is particularly not affected by extruding at expanding stage in growth course, therefore the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi neat and consistent of new method plantation, surface cleaning is smooth, bright in colour attractive in appearance, breakage rate is extremely low, and commodity is good, relatively conventional soil planting patterns more than output increased 30%-50%, effect of increasing production highly significant, is the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi light cultivation new technique of a dart transfer, high-yield and high-efficiency.
2, the Cotton Gossypii that described very big raising cotton field economic benefit is traditional and Brassica campestris L interplanting, Semen Brassicae campestris 1500-2200kg can be received in per hectare cotton field, and Semen Brassicae campestris price is 4.50 yuan/kg, it is achieved output value 6750-9900 unit; Cotton Gossypii and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi 60000-75000kg can be produced in per hectare cotton field, and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi price is 1.00 yuan //kg, realize output value 60000-75000 unit, being 7-8 times of the Semen Brassicae campestris output value, economic benefit highly significant, is the great innovation of the double; two processed cultivation technique in cotton field.
3, described Ensuring Food Safety China has a large population and a few land, grain-production can not meet far away supply, need the substantial amounts of grain of import to ensure the living needs of compatriots every year, future longer one period China's grain demand remain rigidity growth trend, Semen Tritici aestivi, Oryza sativa L., the big staple food grain of Semen Maydis three are by the impact of cultivated land resource, the constraint of water resource and planting benefit, space is little, cost is high in volume increase, and the volume increase space of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is big, less costly. 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi strategy and policy as one of China's four big staple food grains.Utilize cotton field plantation in winter slack Rhizoma Solani tuber osi development potentiality huge, for guaranteeing grain security, optimize the structure of agriculture, promote increasing peasant income, revitalize countryside regional economic, be significant.
4, described environmental protection is compared with tradition open country plantation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, cotton stalk powder is coated with the effect of insulation, moisturizing and suppression weed growth, and cotton stalk powder mulching plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is omnidistance without spraying chemical herbicide, alleviates the pesticide pollution to environment, therefore, it is a safety production technique. Utilize cotton stalk powder mulching plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, can prevent peasant household from burning the environmental pollution that discarded cotton straw causes after cotton harvesting everywhere, to preserving the ecological environment, reduce the harm of haze, be the breakthrough new technique of an environment protection treating. Compare with plastic film mulching cultivation, the pollution to soil of the mulch film residual can be reduced.
5, described quality is higher in recent years, and some places adopt rice straw mulching plantation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, inevitably have gap because of rice straw mulching, produce light leak, see that light mutability is green, produce substantial amounts of solanen in potato raw growth process, edible easily cause poisoning. Cotton stalk powder covers tight seamless, and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi grows under completely black dark condition, without solanen, enhances edible safety, and the Potato Quality that compared with therefore planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi with rice straw mulching, new method produces is higher, has the feature of marked improvement.
6, resources advantage Cotton Gossypii and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping are made full use of described in, it is possible to be greatly enhanced luminous energy and land utilization ratio, dramatically increase the economic benefit of unit are.
7, the cotton stalk powder that increases fertility of land described in covering can be degraded voluntarily and can improve Soil structure; make loosing soil; preservation capacity of water and fertility strengthens; cotton powder of straw culture underglass Rhizoma Solani tuber osi can solve the problem that cotton stalk processes well, turns waste into wealth, and can be effectively increased the soil organism; culture fertility; reducing fertilizer amount, protecting agriculture ecological environment, to promoting that agricultural sustainable development has a very important role.
8, described resistance strengthens under potato sprouting maximum conditions, and traditional cultivation potato sprouting rate is zero, and cotton improving straw mulching cultivation potato sprouting rate is 100%, and effect is extremely notable. Main cause is that cotton powder of straw can be incubated dehumidifying, it is to avoid the long-term overcast and rainy supersaturation moisture infringement to Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, reduces rotten kind, improves emergence rate, and can improve Potato Quality and resistance to fortune storage property harvest time.
9, described method simplicity cotton powder of straw culture underglass Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is compared with tradition potato planting, simplifies and ploughs, rakes the soil level, ditches, digs planting potato program, straighten and connect sowing on earth's surface, the covering that flips during Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation can be gathered in the crops, and alleviates labor intensity, improves production efficiency; Compared with traditional cultivation method, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi adheres to results without earth, and smooth surface is vivid, and yampi number increases, and improves commodity rate 35%. When do not have condition use machinery manually actuated, method is simple, dart transfer, increasing both production and income, it it is a practical cultivation technique, reached high yield, high-quality, low consumption, pollution-free, speed up to the overall goal of resource continuous utilization, it is achieved society and economic double benefit.
10, described industrial prospect wide Potato ring rot bacteria industrial chain is longer, is processed into starch and can rise in value 1 times; It is processed into lactic acid and can rise in value 3 times; It is processed into food and can rise in value 4 times; Produce super absorbent resin and can rise in value 8 times; It is processed into modified starch and can rise in value 15 times;Manufacture biogum to rise in value more than 60 times. Potato pure starch by fermentation or adopts additive method can produce more than 300 kind of modified starch, can be widely applied to the multiple industry such as medicine, weaving, casting, dyestuff. It was predicted that to the year two thousand thirty, China's potato starch demand is up to 3,000,000 tons, when the time comes, China will become the industry center of the potato food production and processing in the Asian-Pacific area or even the whole world, trade, and Potato Industry has a extensive future.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for concrete operation method of the present invention is described, the scope of the present invention without limitation.
Embodiment 1
Mid-May, selecting short season cotton kind CCRI 425, machine sowing cotton field, after cotton harvesting, mid-November, machinery reclaimed cotton straw, grinding and processing becomes 0.3cm-0.5cm wood sawdust shape powder, is piled into 2m height, 3m width, the stripe shape heap of 20m length, heap face covered with plastic film, surrounding is tightened, and passes into steam disinfection in 5-10 hour.
Mid-December, select the potato kind through detoxification, it is cut into 25-30g fritter, every piece should retain more than one eye, with seed coat agent spraying disinfection potato block, or select virus-free miniature small seed potato to load Rhizoma Solani tuber osi special seeder, in seeder fertilizer container, add fertilizer simultaneously, starting sowing and cover cotton stalk powder, cladding thickness is advisable with 10-20cm.
Spraying preventing and treating potato virus disease is carried out with Ningnanmycin by specified volume after Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emerges.
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi early squaring, sprays the too golden growth regulation of cotton, promotes that photosynthetic organism shifts to underground tuber, improves the yield of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
Field erection solar insect-killing light and yellow stick into plate, to trap and kill Rhizoma Solani tuber osi insect.
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi bottom stem and leaf have a greater part of turn yellow time, push cotton stalk powder covering aside and namely can be taken off Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
Embodiment 2
By the end of April, being made into seedling medium in any proportion with the peat composed of rotten mosses+perlite+clay, select short season cotton kind CCRI 50, with planting with sowing machine in plastics cave dish, be incubated nursery, land for growing field crops planted by machine by the end of May.
By the end of November, after cotton harvesting, cotton stalk is collected and is pulverized growth about 5-7cm powdered substance, zymocyte and carbamide is added by specified volume, pile the stripe shape heap of 2m �� 3m �� 10m, covered with plastic film on heap, after one week, turning is once, afterwards every turning again in 5 days, until temperature is down to close with atmospheric temperature in heap.
Mid-January in next year, select the precocious toxicity-removing white potato kind of period of duration��80 day, it is cut into about 25-30g potato block, dress seed with calcium magnesium phosphate, by regulation density sowing, at potato block overlying lid layer 5-10cm thick agricultural residues powder or edible fungi residues or slag or flyash or wood sawdust or rice husk or fine earth through becoming thoroughly decomposed or squeeze sugar leftover bits and pieces or papermaking leftover bits and pieces or the peat composed of rotten mosses or Vermiculitum or perlite is alone or uses with in arbitrary volume ratio, push ground cover aside during Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation, pick up Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.

Claims (4)

1. one grow cotton and the light-duty simplification Efficient Cultivation new method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping is characterized in that, including:
(1), raising seedling of cotton is transplanted
33cm �� 50cm is had the plastics cave dish of 100 and fills the peat composed of rotten mosses, clay, perlite by volume 7: 2: 1 or seedling medium that is alone or that mix in any proportion, spill sufficient water, substrate is made to be sufficiently humidified so as to, agglomerating with hand grip, webs gap is dripped for degree, the short season cotton kind of selection period of duration��100 day, sowing, insulation nursery, cotton Seedling reach 2 leaves wholeheartedly time transplant;
(2), cotton stalk cutting processes
Not of uniform size Powdered of 0.3cm-0.7cm it is ground into after cotton stalk cutting, pile 2m �� 3m �� 20m bar buttress, covered with plastic film on buttress, surrounding is obturaged, steam is passed in heap, keep 75 DEG C temperatures above 5-24 hour, to kill harmful pathogenic microorganism and to reduce too high C/N ratio, or process cotton stalk powder by pile fermentation method;
(3), Rhizoma Solani tuber osi seeding and growing seedling
Selecting period of duration��90 day toxicity-removing white potato kind, be cut into the potato block of 25g-30g, seed coat agent is watered by normal concentration, is sprayed onto in potato seed stripping and slicing after shaking up, and sows after drying; Or soak 10 minutes with the seed coat agent suspension of normal concentration, pull out and dry, or dress seed with carbendazim powder+calcium magnesium phosphate, put into Sowing machine for potatoes, put into nitro compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 8: 15: 22 in seeder simultaneously and rich board biological organic fertilizer is irrigated greatly on mountain, put potato kind by the density of regulation and spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer on idle cotton field, covering treated cotton powder of straw, cladding thickness 8-10cm immediately;
(4), potato disease pest control
After emerging, preventing and treating potato scab, bacterial wilt by crystal aerugo aqueous solution pouring root, determined worm amine or pymetrozine preventing and treating potato virus disease and biography murder by poisoning worm every 10 days with Ningnanmycin+alkene, during height of seedling 15cm, dimethomorph or cymoxanil prevent and treat the late blight of potato;
(5), potato harvest
During Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation, push cotton stalk powder covering aside with hands, pick up Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, ground Rhizoma Solani tuber osi straw are carried out compost also field simultaneously.
2. according to claim 1 one grow cotton and the light-duty simplification Efficient Cultivation new method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping is characterized in that, including: after potato sowing, covering treated agricultural residues powder or edible fungi residues or slag or flyash or wood sawdust or rice husk or fine earth or squeezing sugar leftover bits and pieces or papermaking leftover bits and pieces or the peat composed of rotten mosses or Vermiculitum immediately or perlite is alone or uses with in arbitrary volume ratio, cladding thickness covers lid layer 5-20cm. Push ground cover aside during Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maturation, pick up Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
3. according to claim 1 one grow cotton and the light-duty simplification Efficient Cultivation new method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping is characterized in that, including: after potato sowing, covering treated agricultural residues powder or edible fungi residues or slag or flyash or wood sawdust or rice husk or fine earth or squeezing sugar leftover bits and pieces or papermaking leftover bits and pieces or the peat composed of rotten mosses or Vermiculitum immediately or perlite is alone or uses with in arbitrary volume ratio, surface is covered with plastic film again.
4. according to claim 1 one grow cotton and the light-duty simplification Efficient Cultivation new method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping is characterized in that, including: Rhizoma Solani tuber osi early squaring, spray the too golden growth regulation of cotton, promote that photosynthetic organism shifts to underground tuber, improve the yield of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
CN201610001102.4A 2016-01-05 2016-01-05 Novel light, simple and efficient cultivation method for continuous cropping of cotton and potatoes Pending CN105638202A (en)

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CN114246113A (en) * 2021-04-15 2022-03-29 江西省红壤研究所 Edible sweet potato simplified cultivation method

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Application publication date: 20160608