CN104541906A - Container nursery method for white bark pine seeds - Google Patents
Container nursery method for white bark pine seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541906A CN104541906A CN201510037764.2A CN201510037764A CN104541906A CN 104541906 A CN104541906 A CN 104541906A CN 201510037764 A CN201510037764 A CN 201510037764A CN 104541906 A CN104541906 A CN 104541906A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a container nursery technology and a container nursery method for white bark pine seeds, and relates to the technical field of plant propagation. The container nursery method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) container selection, (2) treatment of seeds, (3) treatment of a matrix, (4) nursery, and (5) management of container-grown seedlings. The white bark pine seeds are subjected to standard nursery. The container nursery method for the white bark pine seeds has the advantages that the container nursery method is novel in design, and used appliances are unique in structure and are widely used. White bark pine seedlings can come out nursery after three years, white bark pines which come out nursery meets forestation specification requirements and have developed root systems, and a good root ball can be formed. Seedling trunks are upright, the color is normal, apical buds are full, and the white bark pines are not damaged mechanically and are not damaged by diseases and insects. The problem that white bark pine seeds are bred slowly in the northern region is solved. The container nursery method is low in investment, easy to operate, high in effect and high in practicality and generalization performance, and takes effect quickly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of plant propagation, specifically a kind of Pinus bungeana Seeds container seedling culture method.
Background technology
Chinese lace-bark pine (Pinus bungeana), another name bones of the dead pine, three pin pines, lacebark pine, tiger fur pine, curled-up dragon pine etc. are a kind of pine trees originating in Northeast China and middle part.The leaf of Chinese lace-bark pine is needle-like, and leaf sheath comes off, and three pins are a branch of, and smooth surface is green, 6-9 centimeter length, 2 mm wides.The cone of Chinese lace-bark pine is the long 4-7 centimetre of oval, diameter 3-5 centimetre, and dark-brown also has a small amount of fruit scale.The seed 6-8 millimeters long of Chinese lace-bark pine, seed wing is short, has joint, disseminates by birds.Chinese lace-bark pine is the rare tree in China's afforestation, and be arbor species, tree crown is dark green tall and straight, and bark is mottled peculiar, and these seeds belong to deep-rootedness intolerant tree species, wind resistance, resistance to dry and cold, requires not tight to soil; To SO
2gas and flue dust have stronger resistance; Very high to view and admire because it has, ecological and economic worth, and become one of seeds that people generally like, the market demand is large especially.But in Chinese lace-bark pine cultivating process, there is propagation technique slow, the technical problem that survival rate is low.Therefore in order to adapt to requirement of the market economy, a kind of new seedling-cultivating method is starved of, slow to solve Sterile culture technology, the problem that survival rate is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the method utilizing container nursery, solve Chinese lace-bark pine Sterile culture technology slow, survival rate is low, the technical problem that the market demand is large.
Pinus bungeana Seeds container nursery of the present invention carries out breeding and culturing from selection of container, seed treatment, matrix treatments, nursery, container seedling management, has small investment, easy to operate, instant effect, effect advantages of higher.
A kind of Pinus bungeana Seeds container seedling culture method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of container
Container employing thickness is that the non-toxic plastic film processing and fabricating of 0.02mm-0.06mm forms, and adopt and have end container cup as nutrition cup, specification is 8cm × l0cm, and beating 4-8 diameter around container side wall middle and lower part is the aperture of 0.4cm-0.6cm;
(2) seed treatment
Adopt the mode of selection by winnowing to remove Pinus bungeana Seeds impurity, before sowing, seed is taken out, putting into temperature is after 60 DEG C of clear water soak 24 h, remove the impurity and the flat seed of sky that float in the water surface, next change cold water into and soak one day, change cold water afterwards again and soak one day, altogether seed soaking 3 days; The graininess being seed quality 3 times by seed and the quality after the soaking river sand that wets is puddled, and dresses seed with Tuzet, ABT root-inducing powder, and vernalization is carried out in the place being deposited in 20 ± 2 DEG C; When seed grin the person of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reach 40% time, can sow;
(3) matrix treatments
The matrix formulations that Chinese lace-bark pine is suitable for is calculated as [(sandy loam, humus soil, turfy soil): vermiculite: perlite]=4:3:3 by quality ratio; Wherein sandy loam, humus soil and turfy soil mix with the mass ratio of 1:1:1; For the generation of pre-preventing disease and pest, then ferrous sulfate is added thin dry ground, ferrous sulfate and thin dry ground are mixed and made into medicine soil with mass ratio 1:200,1:125 ratio (medicine soil and matrix mass ratio) adds in matrix in mass ratio, and medicine soil stirs with matrix;
(4) nursery
Garden after smooth cleaning is divided into seedbed and pavement, and adopt the container nursery of 8cm × l0cm nutrition cup, dark 20cm at the bottom of nutrition cup, seedbed width is 1m, establishes the wide 40cm of pavement between adjacent seedbed; Hold the drain ditch of surrounding successfully; Clear water is sprayed to the matrix prepared moistening, make water content of substrate be 10% ~ 15%; Matrix is filled in nutrition cup, matrix distance from top rim of a cup 1.5 cm-2cm; Neatly being close to by the nutrition cup installed is placed on seedbed, and surrounding gap, seedbed earth culture is good; Select to sow in May; First utilizing the thin rod of diameter 1cm installing the nutrition cup top punching of matrix during sowing, pressing 3-4 grain planting seed for every glass, and timely earthing; Thickness of earth covering is 1.5 cm-2cm; Water immediately after earthing;
(5) container seedling management
After planting spray water in time, on a small quantity repeatedly, and avoid time-division water spray at noon; Rainy day notes draining, prevents ponding; 6-7 month topdresses 2-3 time, interval 15d, and adopt mass percent concentration to be that 1% thin urine become thoroughly decomposed sprays the 1st time, later 1-2 concentration is 2%, by seedbed areal calculation, and consumption 7-8kg/m
2; In seedbed punching, seedbed every 30cm make a call to one dark be the hole of 10 ~ 15cm, be that 3921 missible oil of 75% mix with water with the mass ratio of 1:50 by concentration, in hand-hole, 5ml is noted in every hole; Whether no matter seedling emergence, to the lignification stage, fall ill, and all will spray bordeaux mixture; Medication will be carried out at fine day, within every 7-10 days, sprays 1 time, sprays 5-l2 time continuously; When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, in good time spray cooling; After seedling growth is stable, by every glass of 1 strain final singling, except unnecessary seedling; The container that is short of seedling is reseeded in time, thinning and reseed rear timely water spray.
Container nursery refers to cultivates nursery stock in a reservoir, and direct sowing and seedling and seedling container are transplanted.Seedling medium in container instead of traditional soil, and nursery stock forms flourishing side root in container, and when planting, root system is preserved complete, and with certain native ball, substantially without slow seedling phenomenon after field planting, greatly can improve the survival rate in afforested project and storage rate.The seedling growing process more complicated of container seedling, limitation volume in cultivate the strong nursery stock of vitality, technical requirement and production cost high.Afforestation practice in recent years shows, container seedling can larger raising survival rate, storage rate, extensively promotes the use of, played huge ecological benefits in the regional afforested project that land occupation condition is poor.
Container seedling culture method is applied to Chinese lace-bark pine by the present invention, and the containers size of employing is conducive to the growth of Chinese lace-bark pine seedling.Soak time, puddle and dress seed with Tuzet, ABT root-inducing powder be conducive to the vernalization of seed with wet river sand; Described matrix formulations be considered Chinese lace-bark pine habit of growth and just draw through great many of experiments, this kind of matrix is very beneficial for growing of Chinese lace-bark pine seedling and can ensures growth of seedling quality; The ferrous sulfate added can kill the pathogenic microorganism in soil.In the water content of seedling raising process mesostroma, the consumption of matrix, each nutrition cup, the seeding quantity of seed all effectively can improve the survival rate of seedling, and promotes the growth of seedling; The fertilizer amount adopted when topdressing effectively can promote growth of seedling and can not bring other harmful effect; Missible oil and bordeaux mixture can effective insect-pest diseases; In step (5), spray cooling can prevent and treat damping off.
The missible oil mixture injected in the number of times that topdresses adopted in container seedling management, fertilizer amount, concentration and seedbed all plays extraordinary effect to the growth of nursery stock.
Further, in step (2) seed treatment, seed pure after selection by winnowing to be placed on well-ventilated, drying, low temperature place store, words with good conditionsi adopt freezer low-temperature storage;
In step (3) matrix treatments, according to the characteristic of Chinese lace-bark pine, mixture farmyard manure in base starting material, consumption is that every 1000kg matrix adds the farmyard manures such as the sheep excrement that 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed.
In step (4) nursery, require to garden smooth, draining is good, illumination is sufficient, ventilate, the soil nursery such as low-lying easy ponding, air port, original producton location can not be selected in, require intensive cultivation wholely, to weed a garden, grass roots, stone, level land;
In the management of step (5) container seedling, when topdressing, also available quality specific concentration is the urea liquid of 0.2%-0.5%, and calculating consumption by seedbed is 6 ~ 7kg/m
2and wash seedling with clear water; Can anti-bird pest to nursery stock erection sunshade net; Carry out artificial weeding when generally matrix is moistening after water spray, weeds are rooted out, prevents loosening shoot root; In line with " except early, except little, except " principle, accomplish in nutrition cup container, pavement and bed surface be without weeds.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention is novel in design, and the nutrition cup structure of employing is unique, and purposes is wide.Chinese lace-bark pine seedling just can go out garden after 3 years, goes out garden Chinese lace-bark pine and meets disposing pattern requirement, possess well developed root system, define good root ball.Seedling is dry upright, and color and luster is normal, and terminal bud is full, has no mechanical damage, without damage by disease and insect.Solve northern Pinus bungeana Seeds and breed a slow difficult problem.And small investment, easy to operate, instant effect, effect is high.High practicability, generalization.
Embodiment
Example 1, to illustrate in conjunction with the Pinus bungeana Seeds container nursery of Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province.
One, selection of container
General employing thickness is that the non-toxic plastic film processing and fabricating of 0.02mm-0.06mm forms, and specification has 8cm × l0cm specification, and main employing has end container, and beating 4-8 diameter around container side wall middle and lower part is the aperture of 0.4cm-0.6cm;
Two, seed treatment
(1). storage, adopts the mode of selection by winnowing to remove impurity, pure seed to be placed on well-ventilated, drying, low temperature place store, words employing freezer low-temperature storage with good conditionsi.(2) process, before sowing, seed is taken out, put into and fill with the container that temperature is 60 DEG C of clear water, after soaking 24 h, remove the impurity and the flat seed of sky that float in the water surface, then change a cold water every day, total immersion kind 3 days.Water under described cold water and room temperature, is generally 20 ~ 25 DEG C.The graininess of seed and 3 times of its quality river sand that wets is puddled, and with Tuzet, the seed dressing of ABT root-inducing powder, is deposited in warm place (20 DEG C ± 2 DEG C) and carries out vernalization.When seed grin the person of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reach 40% time, can sow;
Three, matrix treatments
(1). substrate preparation requirement, if conditions permit, matrix can adopt the forest soil sieved.In addition, according to the characteristic of Chinese lace-bark pine, the base starting material of employing also has sandy loam, humus soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite etc., and mixture farmyard manure, and consumption is that every 1000kg matrix adds the farmyard manures such as the sheep excrement that 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, and increases fertility.The suitable matrix formulations of Chinese lace-bark pine is [(sandy loam, humus soil, turfy soil): vermiculite: perlite)]=4:3:3, and wherein sandy loam, humus soil and turfy soil mix with the mass ratio of 1:1:1.(2). matrix is sterilized, and is the generation of pre-preventing disease and pest, ferrous sulfate is added thin dry ground, consumption is that 40 grams of ferrous sulfate powder and thin dry ground make 8000 grams of medicine soil with mass ratio 1:200, add in 1000kg matrix, with matrix uniform stirring, kill the pathogenic microorganism in soil;
Four, nursery
(1). garden ground select, require to garden smooth, draining is good, illumination is sufficient, ventilation, the soil nursery such as low-lying easy ponding, air port, original producton location can not be selected in.This test is selected in stone and waits nursery, level land.(2). wholely, require intensive cultivation, to weed a garden, grass roots, stone, level land, point seedbed and pavement.The container nursery of 8cm × l0cm nutrition cup, the dark 20cm in the end, bedside degree is 1m, and length is 30m, establishes the wide 40cm of pavement between seedbed.Hold the drain ditch of surrounding successfully.Common space 50 ㎡.(3). dress cup, after substrate preparation completes, sprays clear water moistening, water content 10% ~ 15%.Matrix is tamped, and matrix is filled to from rim of a cup 1.5cm-2cm.Neatly being close to by the nutrition cup installed is placed on seedbed, and surrounding gap, seedbed earth culture is good.(4). sowing, is typically chosen in sowing in May and is advisable.First utilizing the thin rod of diameter 1cm installing the nutrition cup top punching of matrix during sowing, pressing 3-4 grain planting seed for every glass, and timely earthing.Thickness of earth covering is 1.5cm-2cm, basic concordant with rim of a cup after earthing.Water immediately after earthing;
Five, container seedling management
(1). water management, after planting spray water in time, water spray is repeatedly a small amount of.Note avoiding time-division water spray operation at noon.Rainy day notes draining, prevents ponding.(2). fertilizing management, the thin urine become thoroughly decomposed with 1% when topdressing sprays is advisable, and later concentration strengthens gradually.Use that (consumption is 6 ~ 7kg/m if desired with the urea liquid of 0.2%-0.5%
2), and wash seedling with clear water.(3). the extermination of disease and insect pest, Chinese lace-bark pine Seedling Stage emphasis prevention damping off and damping off.Accomplish that control combines, rely mainly on prevention.Erection sunshade net can anti-bird pest, and the main control of grubs of soil insect and mole cricket, punch in seedbed, seedbed every 30cm make a call to one dark be the hole (or every square metre of 3 holes) of 10 ~ 15cm, 3921 missible oil 0.5 kg according to 75% add water the ratio mixing of 25 kg, in hand-hole, and every hole note 5ml.Whether no matter the seedling critical period, for emerging to the lignification stage, fall ill, and all can spray bordeaux mixture.Medication will be carried out at fine day, within every 7-10 days, sprays 1 time, can spray 5-l2 time continuously.When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, in good time spray cooling, prevents and treats damping off.(4). thinning and reseeding, after seedling growth is stable, by every glass of 1 strain final singling, except unnecessary seedling.The container that is short of seedling is reseeded in time, thinning and reseed rear timely water spray.(5). weeding, artificial weeding roots out when generally after water spray, matrix is moistening, and control loosens shoot root.In line with " except early, except little, except " principle, accomplish in container, pavement and bed surface be without weeds.
Claims (2)
1. a Pinus bungeana Seeds container seedling culture method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of container
Container employing thickness is that the non-toxic plastic film processing and fabricating of 0.02mm-0.06mm forms, and adopt and have end container cup as nutrition cup, specification is 8cm × l0cm, and beating 4-8 diameter around container side wall middle and lower part is the aperture of 0.4cm-0.6cm;
(2) seed treatment
Adopt the mode of selection by winnowing to remove Pinus bungeana Seeds impurity, before sowing, seed is taken out, putting into temperature is after 60 DEG C of clear water soak 24 h, remove the impurity and the flat seed of sky that float in the water surface, next change cold water into and soak one day, change cold water afterwards again and soak one day, altogether seed soaking 3 days; The graininess being seed quality 3 times by seed and the quality after the soaking river sand that wets is puddled, and dresses seed with Tuzet, ABT root-inducing powder, and vernalization is carried out in the place being deposited in 20 ± 2 DEG C; When seed grin the person of showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally reach 40% time, can sow;
(3) matrix treatments
The matrix formulations that Chinese lace-bark pine is suitable for is calculated as [(sandy loam, humus soil, turfy soil): vermiculite: perlite]=4:3:3 by quality ratio; Wherein sandy loam, humus soil and turfy soil mix with the mass ratio of 1:1:1; For the generation of pre-preventing disease and pest, then ferrous sulfate is added thin dry ground, ferrous sulfate and thin dry ground are mixed and made into medicine soil with mass ratio 1:200, and 1:125 ratio adds in matrix in mass ratio, and medicine soil stirs with matrix;
(4) nursery
Garden after smooth cleaning is divided into seedbed and pavement, and adopt the container nursery of 8cm × l0cm nutrition cup, dark 20cm at the bottom of nutrition cup, seedbed width is 1m, establishes the wide 40cm of pavement between adjacent seedbed; Hold the drain ditch of surrounding successfully; Clear water is sprayed to the matrix prepared moistening, make water content of substrate be 10% ~ 15%; Matrix is filled in nutrition cup, matrix distance from top rim of a cup 1.5 cm-2cm; Neatly being close to by the nutrition cup installed is placed on seedbed, and surrounding gap, seedbed earth culture is good; Select to sow in May; First utilizing the thin rod of diameter 1cm installing the nutrition cup top punching of matrix during sowing, pressing 3-4 grain planting seed for every glass, and timely earthing; Thickness of earth covering is 1.5 cm-2cm; Water immediately after earthing;
(5) container seedling management
After planting spray water in time, on a small quantity repeatedly, and avoid time-division water spray at noon; Rainy day notes draining, prevents ponding; 6-7 month topdresses 2-3 time, interval 15d, and adopt mass percent concentration to be that 1% thin urine become thoroughly decomposed sprays the 1st time, later 1-2 concentration is 2%, by seedbed areal calculation, and each consumption 7-8kg/m
2; In seedbed punching, seedbed every 30cm make a call to one dark be the hole of 10 ~ 15cm, be that 3921 missible oil of 75% mix with water with the mass ratio of 1:50 by concentration, in hand-hole, 5ml is noted in every hole; Whether no matter seedling emergence, to the lignification stage, fall ill, and all will spray bordeaux mixture; Medication will be carried out at fine day, within every 7-10 days, sprays 1 time, sprays 5-l2 time continuously; When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, in good time spray cooling; After seedling growth is stable, by every glass of 1 strain final singling, except unnecessary seedling; The container that is short of seedling is reseeded in time, thinning and reseed rear timely water spray.
2. a kind of Pinus bungeana Seeds container seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2) seed treatment, seed pure after selection by winnowing to be placed on well-ventilated, drying, low temperature place store, also can adopt freezer low-temperature storage;
In step (3) matrix treatments, according to the characteristic of Chinese lace-bark pine, mixture farmyard manure in base starting material, consumption is that every 1000kg matrix adds the farmyard manures such as the sheep excrement that 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed;
In step (4) nursery, require to garden smooth, draining is good, illumination is sufficient, ventilate, the soil nursery such as low-lying easy ponding, air port, original producton location can not be selected in, require intensive cultivation wholely, to weed a garden, grass roots, stone;
In the management of step (5) container seedling, when topdressing, also available quality specific concentration is the urea liquid of 0.2%-0.5%, and calculating consumption by seedbed is 6 ~ 7kg/m
2, and wash seedling with clear water; Can anti-bird pest to nursery stock erection sunshade net; Carry out artificial weeding when matrix is moistening after water spray, weeds are rooted out, prevent loosening shoot root; In line with " except early, except little, except " principle, accomplish in nutrition cup container, pavement and bed surface be without weeds.
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