CN1918971B - Seeds production method for few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation - Google Patents
Seeds production method for few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding planting method of little-seed rool first-filial generation, which comprises the following steps: screening superior local type, crossing, selecting originally, selecting secondly, adopting multi-year purifying regenerative self-crossing 99-6 as father and long round number 1 as mother, crossing, selecting base ground, allocating nourishing soil, sanitizing, lifting bed geothermal, disposing seed, sowing, managing sprout, planting, managing after planting, gathering pollen, reserving, emasculating to pollinate, picking, reaping, producing hybrid seeds of regenerating eggplant.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the producing method for seed of the first-filial generation producing method for seed, particularly few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation of eggplant.
Two, background technology
Eggplant is the solanberry class popular vegetable that people like food, especially more is subjected to consumer's welcome owing to purple eggplant kind rich vitamins P.But in the existing kind, precocious disease resistance is poor, adds that seed influences commodity and edibility more; Few seed or resistance difference or have influence on the enthusiasm that the vegetable grower produces evening in maturing stage.This actual needs in commodity production and market comsupton is inconsistent.Can allow so eggplant was not only precocious, high yield, not only lack seed, high-quality and but also disease resistance by force to satisfy the market production and consumption?
Three, summary of the invention
Needs at above-mentioned situation and the edible eggplant of people, the present invention's purpose just provides a kind of producing method for seed of few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation, can be used for the plantation of few-seed purple eggplant, it is many to overcome existing purple eggplant seed, edibility is low, thereby solve the need problem of people to few-seed purple eggplant, the technical scheme of its solution is, screen good farmers' landrace, promptly through hybridization, primary election, the inbred line 99-6 that final election is purificated and rejuvenated for many years (resistant variety: fruit pyriform, the pericarp purple, glossy, pulp white, densification, delicate sepal and fruit junction white) be male parent, oval No. 1 (few seed, early-maturing variety, the fruit subcircular, the pericarp atropurpureus, the fruit top is green, the green white of pulp, fine and close, delicacy, sepal and fruit junction light green color) for female parent (the seed selection process of few seed female parent: constantly seed door eggplant inbred line is lacked in screening from few seed door eggplant) makes up the production of hybrid seeds, its first generation of hybrid is bred according to the following steps and is carried out:
Production of hybrid seeds base selection → preparation nutrition soil → sterilization with promote after seedbed ground temperature → seed treatment → sowing → seedling management → field planting → field planting the collection of management → pollen and storage → castration eggplant → kind of eggplant eggplant production of hybrid seeds of gathering → regenerate of pollinating → pluck, the parent advanced person of seed selection of the present invention, science, high yield, high-quality is practical, utilize heterotic principle, it is strong to filter out coordinate force, anti-continuous cropping, the purple eggplant new varieties of the first-filial generation that genetic effect is good, efficiently solve continuous cropping and soil-borne disease problem in the eggplant production, for eggplant cultivation and eggplant breeding provide new germ plasm resource, it is applied, will drive the progress of eggplant plant husbandry, for creative contribution is made in the development of eggplant vegetables industryization!
It is to be noted, because of the present invention by king's surname inventor seed selection success, so claim that this first-filial generation few-seed purple eggplant is the few-seed purple eggplant king, its method claims few-seed purple eggplant king's breeding planting method (as follows) again.
Four, embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete condition the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The present invention is a principle of utilizing heterosis, hybrid vigor, and screening existing purple eggplant inbred line 99-6 is male parent, few seed, precocious ovally hybridize cooperation for female parent No. 1 and breeds and form, and its production of hybrid seeds is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) production of hybrid seeds base of few-seed purple eggplant is selected and handled: the base is selected to follow following principle, and is suitable ecological, favourable isolation, traffic convenience, technical force, peasant income etc.
1, seedtime: average daily temperature is 18 ℃-20 ℃ in the canopy.
2, prepare (promote cold bed in the rural area and grow seedlings, the method is economic, practical, certainly, with good conditionsily carries out industrialization at intelligent greenhouse and grows seedlings better) before the sowing.
(1) preparation nutrition soil: with volume ratio: 5 parts of rural area soils, 4 parts of horsehits become thoroughly decomposed, 1 part in ashes (ash is best), every cubic metre adds phosphoric acid diamino 2kg, with the mixing of sieving of above-mentioned thing, and every 500kg composite soil sprays 2kg5 degree lime sulfur and carries out soil disinfection, according to sowing area, prepare the nutrition soil of 5-7cm thickness, be laid in the cold bed.Said lime sulfur is that lime and sulphur and water are with weight ratio: 1: 1.4: 14 ratio boils and forms, method: discharge water earlier in the pot, burn to gradually opening, put into quicklime again and add big fire and boil and made in 40 minutes.The quality that lime sulfur boils becomes positive correlation with the quality of method and raw material.
(2) sterilization and lifting seedbed ground temperature: sow preceding 10 days to sterilizing in the cold bed, sterilization method: after every square metre of area was used sulphur 4g+80% dichlorvos 1g+ sawdust 8g mixing ignition, the button film was airtight, draws daytime and covers intensification with mat, night, lid was covered insulation with mat, and its temperature is remained on more than 15 ℃.
(2) seed treatment:
(1) seed soaking: sow preceding 7 days seed is put into 55 ℃-60 ℃ water and stir, clear water cleans then, uses 1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate again, and sterilization back seed soaking 8 hours is rubbed with the hands then and planted, cleans, drains; (2) vernalization is wrapped in seed in the clean wet cloth, and carry out alternating temperature and handle under seed ventilates the condition of preserving moisture: showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in 5-7 days, temperature is 16-30 ℃, 30 ℃ of daytimes preferably, 16 ℃ of nights;
Sowing: male parent is than maternal early sowing 10 days, before the sowing to soil in the cold bed rake, having peace of mind, nutrition soil in upper berth waters with infiltration 15cm soil layer degree of being.After water oozes down, will urge the seed of bud to mix the fine sand uniform broadcasting.Every square metre of sowing quantity 5-10g, every mu of sowing quantity 10-20g, thousand grain weigth 5.6g in the demand seeding and seedling raising of father and mother's ratio 1: 4 (being delegation's male parent, the four lines female parent) originally, can determine seeding quantity according to production of hybrid seeds area.This must separate father and mother and grow seedlings separately.Broadcast the back and cover the thick nutrition soil of 1cm, and spend lime sulfur to the bed surface spray disinfectant with 1.Detain film then and heat up, add a cover the straw mat insulation night, temperature remains on more than 16 ℃;
(3) seedling management:
When (1) treating that seedling grows 1-2 sheet true leaf, carry out the branch seedling, divide and to water once before the seedling permeablely, be convenient to lifting.And foliage spray 0.2% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+600 times of (nutrition) liquid of 50% carbendazim.Dividing seedling furrow nutrition soil thickness is 7-10cm, and the fine morning is selected in the leveling compacting, and 20mg/kg is stained with root with methyl, plants seedling by the seeding row spacing that 10cm is square, and every mu is generally 1500 strains;
(2) temperature treatment: the control temperature is 15-30 ℃, preferably 30 ℃ of daytimes, is not less than 15 ℃ night;
(3) fertilising: use by urea 3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g and add water to the aqueous solution (or being write as with 0.3% urea+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) the sprinkling blade face that 1000ml makes, foliage spray in per 10 days once;
(4) hardening: field planting was watered once permeable in preceding 10 days, and the aeration-cooling hardening of carrying out, and temperature is 10-20 ℃, and 20 ℃ of daytimes preferably, 10 ℃ of nights, and spray 0.3 ° of lime sulfur once, seedling age is 50-60 days when transplanting;
(4) field planting:
(1) prepares before the field planting: be equipped with high-quality farmyard manure 2000kg-3000kg+30kg superphosphate and evenly be spread on the face of land, twice of soil rotary tillage then, rake;
(2) plantation mode: trench planting arch shed type: open the field planting ditch, the north and south row to, ditch is apart from 0.8m, furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.2m, every mu of ditch spread potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 50kg, mixed soil is mixed even, pours water with ditch before the field planting, carries out field planting by the spacing in the rows of 0.6-0.7m then, detain little shed winter protection immediately, support can be used bamboo skin, mock etc.;
(3) by the four lines female parent, delegation's male parent is interplanted.
(5) manage after the field planting:
(1) becoming furrow planting plants into ridge: the first tenday period of a month in April temperature more than 15 ℃ the time, rupture of membranes is drawn seedling the canopy film is become mulch film, in conjunction with the making ridge of earthing up, becomes ridge and plants;
(2) rich water quality management: after one week of field planting, open shed one end and water seedling recovering water one time, when ridging envelope ridge, in conjunction with every 667m that waters
2Sealing fertilizer 15kg, urea 10kg is controlled water restraining the growth of seedlings later on, treat that the hybridization of most of door eggplant is stared after, water swollen fruit water, and mu is executed urea 10kg;
(3) spray nutritious liquor improves fruit-setting rate: use to add water to 1000ml (or being write as with 0.3% borax+0.3% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+10mg/kg gibberellin) by borax 3g, urea 3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g and gibberellin 10ng and carry out foliage spray, can effectively improve fruit-setting rate, use 500 times of spraying decorations of commercially available Solanin thin up Solanin in addition, can impel fruit development, not only precocious, and fruit is individual big;
(4) training is pruned: adopt two dried pruning methods: extract door eggplant and depauperation bud, side shoot, impel, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and stay well-developed eggplant and four door socket 3-5 are really castrated to be pollinated, promote to be subjected to the Steamed dumpling with pork precocity eggplant and four door socket precocities, and early ripe;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest: adopt above-mentioned culture technique, general disease-free generation.Insect pest mainly contains aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, 28 ladybugs, eggplant snout moth's larva, liriomyza bryoniae, yellow tea mite, cutworm, Qi mite, mole cricket, two spotted spider mite etc.;
Prevent and treat method: late April (being that the ridge plantation was planted back 10 days) sprays with 800 times of liquid complete stools of 1000 times of liquid+chlorophos of 10% Imidacloprid, after, per 20 days are once, and are used alternatingly with avermectin, mite gram.
(6) preparation before being pollinated:
(1) the be pollinated preparation of apparatus: before being pollinated, be ready to tweezers, get powder box, the device that is pollinated, vial, absorbent cotton, mark rope drier and refrigerator;
(2) staff training before being pollinated, is participated in the general knowledge that the personnel of being pollinated must grasp the first-filial generation production of hybrid seeds;
(7) pollen collection and storage:
Pollen is captured in 6 of every mornings to carry out between at 5 in afternoon.Select the well-developed crack or bud that is about to out, take out pollen with tweezers, put into the pollen box, put the drier inner drying 12 hours, pollen promptly is scattered, and can use, if tood many or too much for use the same day, can be placed on drying, and is standby in the refrigerator of temperature about 5 ℃;
(8) castrate and be pollinated
(1) castrate, to the maternal healthy and strong bud of opening in second day, castrate afternoon, whole flower pesticide will be thoroughly extractd in castration, and it is light that action is wanted, and notes not damaging column cap and ovary, if find what flower pesticide had ftractureed, then bud will be extractd;
(2) be pollinated, being pollinated can be the morning on the secondth (pistil stigma can keep two days fertility), and with being pollinated rod, rubber tip or be subjected to the sticking pollen dab of tube cell to the column cap of extracing stamen, no matter the sort of mode is pollinated, and must spare, want capacity;
(9) planting eggplant gathers:
45-50 days kind eggplant physiological ripeninies after being pollinated can be plucked, and judge kind of the sign of eggplant maturation: change yellow by purple, behind the seed collection, placement is dry, the ventilation;
The assurance of production of hybrid seeds amount is based sales on production, and promotes method with binary: first achievement commercialization, industrialization again.Every mu of system of the method few-seed purple eggplant seed is between 25kg ± 1kg;
(10) the regeneration eggplant production of hybrid seeds
Plant eggplant results back on the occasion of late July, suitable ratooning is bred.Its method: plant eggplant at trunk apart from face of land 10cm place, cut off the top branch with scraper, 0.2 ° of lime sulfur of full garden spray, loosen the soil then, topdress, water, promote the side shoot rudiment, select the good side shoot of growth potential to cultivate, and manage by two dried pruning methods, unnecessary rudiment is removed, but with hybrid seeding again in this method 1 month, and last till early September.Pluck kind of an eggplant before the frost, after after-ripening, collect seed again.Get caught up in as rich water, per mu yield few-seed purple eggplant seed still can reach 15-20kg.The method is suitable for the Yellow River and Huai He River Haiti district.
With first generation of hybrid breeding-few-seed purple eggplant that said method is produced, planted experimentally following characteristics through multiple spot:
1, the maturing stage early: the door eggplant and gives birth between 6-the 7th leaf, firmly takes 8-10 days from buddingging to the fruit seat, and staring from the door eggplant takes 14 days to solanberry commodity maturation;
2, output height: average strain is produced more than the 5kg, more than the per mu yield 7000kg;
3, fruit is individual especially big: more than the heavy 1.5kg of high fertilizer and water condition Xiamen solanberry, the heavy 3.4kg of maximum fruit weighs more than the 1kg, more than the four door socket solanberry 0.6kg solanberry;
4, best in quality: pulp white is fine and close and delicate, with few seed kind Tianjin two late-maturing eggplants on year-on-year basis the ratio of pulp and seed to hang down more than 10 percentage points;
5, shelf life is long: the pulp densification, the not shrinkage of shelf two weeks pericarp, the seed physiological ripening lags behind, with other kind on year-on-year basis the seed physiological ripening want late two weeks;
6, disease resistance is good: plant is tall and big, and growing way is prosperous, blade plumpness, cane, vein purple, anti-brown spot, verticillium wilt, cotton disease;
7, resistance, anti-continuous cropping are strong: be not subjected to freeze injury more than 4 ℃, but pistil normal development below 37 ℃; The second crop soil result that grows is normal;
8, commodity is strong: fruit subcircular (long 18-20cm, wide 16-18cm), pericarp purple, glossy, outward appearance is gorgeous, and Xinxiang area outdoor cropping in early spring sale price of market was 1 yuan/jin in 2004, other purple eggplant kind sale price of market 0.7-0.8 unit/jin, price exceeds more than 20% on year-on-year basis.
In a word, the present invention utilizes heterotic principle, success to filter out coordinate force strong, anti-continuous cropping, the purple eggplant new varieties of the first-filial generation that genetic effect is good, inventive method is simple, effect is obvious, efficiently solves continuous cropping and the soil-borne disease problem of eggplant in producing, for eggplant cultivation and eggplant breeding provide new germ plasm resource, it is applied, will drive the progress of eggplant kind industry, make creative contribution for the development of eggplant vegetables industry, economic and social benefit is huge.
Claims (3)
1. the producing method for seed of a few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation is characterized in that, is to be male parent by inbred line 99-6, oval No. 1 for female parent carries out hybrid seeding, hybrid seeding carries out according to the following steps:
The production of hybrid seeds base that A, selection are isolated, and preparation nutrition soil, the preparation of nutrition soil is with volume ratio: 5 parts of rural area soils, 4 parts of horsehits become thoroughly decomposed, 1 part of ashes or ash, every cubic metre adds phosphoric acid diamino 2kg, with the mixing of sieving of above-mentioned thing, and every 500kg composite soil sprays 5 ° of lime sulfurs of 2kg and carries out soil disinfection, and the thickness of nutrition soil is 5-7cm; Sow preceding 10 days to sterilizing in the cold bed, after promptly every square metre of area was used sulphur 4g+80% dichlorvos 1g+ sawdust 8g mixing ignition, the button film was airtight, and ground temperature remains on more than 15 ℃; Said 5 ° of lime sulfurs are to be with weight ratio by lime and sulphur and water: 1: 1.4: 14 ratio, when adding hot water and gradually opening, put sulphur earlier, after free lime and add big fire, boil the lime sulfur thin up that formed in 40 minutes and form;
B, seed treatment and sowing: sow preceding 7 days seed is put into 55 ℃-60 ℃ water and stir, clear water cleans then, use 1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate again, sterilization back seed soaking 8 hours is rubbed with the hands then and is planted, clean, drain, place wet cloth, temperature is 16-30 ℃, alternating temperature was handled 5-7 days, sowed again, and male parent was than maternal early sowing 10 days, before the sowing soil in the cold bed is raked, steady and sure, nutrition soil in upper berth waters with infiltration 15cm soil layer, will urge the seed of bud to mix the fine sand uniform broadcasting, every mu of sowing quantity 10-20 gram, broadcast the back and cover the thick nutrition soil of 1cm, and with 1 ° of lime sulfur to the bed surface spray disinfectant, temperature remains on more than 16 ℃; Said 1 ° of lime sulfur is to be with weight ratio by lime and sulphur and water: 1: 1.4: 14 ratio, when adding hot water and gradually opening, put sulphur earlier, after free lime and add big fire, boil the lime sulfur thin up that formed in 40 minutes and form;
C, seedling management: when treating that seedling grows 1-2 sheet true leaf, spray nutrient solution, branch seedling water, dividing seedling furrow nutrition soil thickness is 7-10cm, the leveling compacting, 20mg/kg is stained with root with methyl, plant seedling by the seeding row spacing that 10cm is square, temperature is 15-30 ℃, use during this time to add water to 1000ml by 3g urea and 3g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and make the aqueous solution and spray the blade face, foliage spray in per 10 days once, field planting was watered once permeable in preceding 10 days, and the aeration-cooling hardening of carrying out, temperature is 10-20 ℃, and sprays 0.3 ° of lime sulfur once, carries out field planting in the time of seedling age 50-60 days; Said spray nutrient solution, this nutrient solution are to add water to the aqueous solution that 1000ml makes by borax 3g, urea 3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g and gibberellin 10mg; 0.3 ° lime sulfur is to be with weight ratio by lime and sulphur and water: 1: 1.4: 14 ratio, when adding hot water and gradually opening, put sulphur earlier, after free lime and add big fire, boil the lime sulfur thin up that formed in 40 minutes and form;
D, field planting: evenly be spread on the face of land with farmyard manure 2000kg-3000kg+30kg superphosphate, twice of soil rotary tillage then, rake, the trench digging field planting, ditch is apart from 0.8m, furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.2m, every mu of ditch spread potassium sulphate or potassium chloride 50kg, mixed soil is mixed even, pour water with ditch before the field planting, carry out field planting by the spacing in the rows of 0.6-0.7m then, by the four lines female parent, delegation's male parent is interplanted;
Manage after E, the field planting: after one week of field planting, open shed one end and water seedling recovering water one time, rupture of membranes is drawn seedling the canopy film is become mulch film after 10 days, in conjunction with the ridging making ridge, becomes ridge and plants, when ridging envelope ridge, in conjunction with every 667m that waters
2Sealing fertilizer 15kg, urea 10kg, control water restraining the growth of seedlings later on, after treating that the hybridization of most of door eggplant is stared, water swollen fruit water, and mu is executed urea 10kg and spray nutritious liquor improves fruit-setting rate, carrying out positive branch afterwards prunes, extract door eggplant and depauperation bud, side shoot, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and stay well-developed eggplant and four door socket 3-5 are really castrated to be pollinated, and carry out preventing disease and pest and handle; Said spray nutritious liquor is to use to add water to the aqueous solution that 1000ml makes by borax 3g, urea 3g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g and gibberellin 10mg and carry out foliage spray;
F, maternal castrate and be pollinated: select the well-developed crack or male parent bud that is about to out, take out pollen, put the drier inner drying 12 hours, the pollen capacity of male parent is coated onto on the maternal column cap of extracing stamen, with 500 times of spraying decorations of Solanin thin up, 45-50 days kind eggplant physiological ripeninies after being pollinated are plucked the production of hybrid seeds.
2. the producing method for seed of few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said preventing disease and pest is handled, be that ridge was planted back 10 days, 800 times of aqueous solution complete stools are sprayed for 1000 times of aqueous solution of Imidacloprid with 10% and chlorophos, after, per 20 days are once, and are used alternatingly with avermectin, mite gram.
3. the producing method for seed of few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the said production of hybrid seeds is suitable for the production of hybrid seeds of regeneration eggplant and breeds, after method is kind of eggplant results, kind of eggplant at trunk apart from face of land 10cm place, cut off the top branch with scraper, 0.2 ° of lime sulfur of full garden spray, loosen the soil then, topdress, water, promote the side shoot rudiment, select the good side shoot of growth potential to cultivate, and manage by two dried pruning methods, unnecessary rudiment is removed, but with hybrid seeding again in this method 1 month, collects seed after ripe again.
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| CN101816282A (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-09-01 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | Hybrid round eggplant seed production method |
| CN101891532A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-24 | 沈阳农业大学 | Nutrient medium used for reducing disease incidence of soil-borne disease of thin-skin melons and method for preparing same |
| CN104855121A (en) * | 2015-06-14 | 2015-08-26 | 六安市裕南春蔬果种植专业合作社 | Purple eggplant planting method |
| CN104938089B (en) * | 2015-06-27 | 2016-07-20 | 蚌埠市双墩农业生物科技开发有限责任公司 | A kind of method improving eggplant seed germination percentage |
| CN106069096A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 固镇县华原家庭农场 | A kind of hardening off method strengthening eggplant seedling body constitution |
| CN115517165B (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-06-23 | 福州市蔬菜科学研究所 | Breeding method of indeterminate growth type eggplant inbred line |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 等.茄子常规采种及杂交制种技术.福建农业 9.2000,(9),第8页. |
| 许东锋 |
| 许东锋;等.茄子常规采种及杂交制种技术.福建农业 9.2000,(9),第8页. * |
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