CN102986420B - Cultivating method of eucommia ulmoides - Google Patents
Cultivating method of eucommia ulmoides Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986420B CN102986420B CN201210482388.4A CN201210482388A CN102986420B CN 102986420 B CN102986420 B CN 102986420B CN 201210482388 A CN201210482388 A CN 201210482388A CN 102986420 B CN102986420 B CN 102986420B
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivating method of eucommia ulmoides, which comprises the steps of: preprocessing and seeding eucommia ulmoides seeds, growing seedlings, transplanting, and carrying out field-management and pest control. According to the cultivating method, the planting percent of the eucommia ulmoides can be increased, the eucommia ulmoides well grows, and high survival rate of transplanting is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of tree, relate to especially a kind of cultivation method of the bark of eucommia.
Background technology
The bark of eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv) is the distinctive famous and precious economic tree of China, all has cultivation, approximately 5,000,000 mu of area under cultivations at Subtropic of China to 26 provinces (district, city) of warm temperate zone.Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides is the rare traditional Chinese medicine of China's special product and important foreign exchange earning goods and materials, has strengthening the bones and muscles, filling liver kidney, the clothes resistance to effect of waiting for a long time of making light of one's life by commiting suicide for a long time, for Chinese medicine top grade.Studies have shown that in a large number modern age, Eucommia Fruit has high economic worth and utilizes prospect, pericarp (seed coat) contains the multiple mineral elements such as chlorogenic acid, Aucubin, Geniposidic acid, rosin element disaccharide glucoside, polysaccharide, amino acid and Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca, P, B, Mg, K, there is the pharmacological function similar with Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides, and have no side effect; It is particularly worth mentioning that, bark of eucommia kind benevolence contains the unsaturated fatty acids such as abundant alpha-linolenic acid, and wherein alpha-linolenic acid content reaches more than 60%, has remarkable reducing blood lipid, hypotensive and inhibition thrombotic diseases, the effects such as prevention miocardial infarction and cerebral infarction.The bark of eucommia, except traditional medicine is used, is still produced the quality raw materials of several functions food.The tree-like grace of the bark of eucommia, rapidly, strong stress resistance, damage by disease and insect are few, are the good spy's economic trees in the husky district in hills, mountain area and Plain for well developed root system, growth.The utilization of Eucommia Fruit is more and more subject to people's attention, and to produce Eucommia Fruit as main, orchard, the gardening cultivation mode of folium cortex eucommiae, skin, fruit, male flower comprehensive utilization will become one of Main Cultivation pattern of bark of eucommia production development.
The plantation of the bark of eucommia taking seminal propagation, carry out expanding species pattern as main.Its seed belongs to low form, requires low temperature moistening in embryo development procedure, seed 10 degrees Celsius following process 50～70 days after its germination rate can reach 90%.But such low temperature treatment time is longer, be especially unfavorable for having the bark of eucommia plantation of scientific research demand, cannot breed rapidly new varieties, test new planting technology.Therefore need a kind of method for cultivating eucommia, can utilize the quick seedling of seed.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of breeding method of the bark of eucommia, the method comprises pretreatment and the sowing to eucommia bark seed, grows seedlings, and transplants, field management, these several parts of the extermination of disease and insect pest, the method can improve the planting percent of the bark of eucommia, the bark of eucommia is grown fine, and transplanting survival rate is high, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selected seed seed is processed, in whole good furrow, opens 5 centimetres of ditches that left and right is dark by 40 centimetres of line-spacings, at early March, seed is sprinkled in ditch equably, covers fine earth lid flat, suppression a little, and upper cover grass keeps moistening, 3～4 kilograms of every mu of sowings;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, lid grass is thrown off, in the time that seedling grows 3～5 true leaves, select cloudy thinning, 9～10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the fertilising of every 15 days of nursery stage once, can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, or 5 kilograms every mu, urea;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters × 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres, executes 12～15 kilograms of farmyard manures in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, after coming up when nursery stage, remove overstocked weak seedling, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow ground internal water accumulation, when the coming year, transplanted spring, to note watering, after transplanting, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8～10 kilograms every mu in the time of preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, after mixing with fine earth with 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim when sowing, be sprinkling upon on seedbed, if there is damping off, the 1000 times of liquid pourings of carbendazim with 50%, if root rot 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50% occur to be watered, the situation of blade if generation aphid is caused harm, with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor.
Wherein in step (1), the processing of seed is processed in such a way:
(1) gather eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, these seeds are soaked 20～24 hours with the clear water of 20～25 degrees Celsius;
(2) seed in step (1) is carried out to alternating temperature processing, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 1～3 degree Celsius of temperature and carries out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in the warm water of 60～65 degrees Celsius and soak 3～4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
(3) seed step (2) being obtained soaks 2～3 hours in nutrient solution, after draining, can sow;
(4) seed of step (4) being handled well is placed under infrared lamp and irradiates 20～30 minutes after taking out.
In seed treatment, the formula of the nutrient solution described in step (3) is: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA 1mg/L, NAA 1mg/L.
In seed treatment, the infrared light wavelength described in step (4) is 850～1100 nanometers, is sent by infrared radiator, and power is 300～500W, and seed is apart from 50～60 centimetres of infrared radiators.
The cultivation method of the bark of eucommia provided by the invention, by the specially treated to eucommia bark seed, not only makes its planting percent improve, but also has shortened the time of seedling, makes its growing way in this growth cycle of First Year more vigorous, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Cultivate by the following method the bark of eucommia:
At early March, seed is sprinkled in ditch equably, covers fine earth lid flat, suppression a little, upper cover grass keeps moistening, sows 3～4 kilograms for every mu;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, lid grass is thrown off, in the time that seedling grows 3～5 true leaves, select cloudy thinning, 9～10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the fertilising of every 15 days of nursery stage once, can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, or 5 kilograms every mu, urea;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters × 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres, executes 12～15 kilograms of farmyard manures in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, after coming up when nursery stage, remove overstocked weak seedling, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow ground internal water accumulation, when the coming year, transplanted spring, to note watering, after transplanting, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8～10 kilograms every mu in the time of preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, after mixing with fine earth with 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim when sowing, be sprinkling upon on seedbed, if there is damping off, the 1000 times of liquid pourings of carbendazim with 50%, if root rot 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50% occur to be watered, the situation of blade if generation aphid is caused harm, with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor.
Wherein in step (1), the processing of seed is processed in such a way:
(1) gather eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, these seeds are soaked 24 hours with the clear water of 25 degrees Celsius;
(2) seed in step (1) is carried out to alternating temperature processing, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 1 degree Celsius of temperature and carries out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in the warm water of 60 degrees Celsius and soak 4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
(3) seed step (2) being obtained soaks 2 hours in nutrient solution, and the formula of this nutrient solution is: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA 1mg/L, NAA 1mg/L.After draining, can sow;
(4) seed of step (4) being handled well is placed under infrared lamp and irradiates 20 minutes after taking out, and infrared light wavelength is 1000 nanometers, is sent by infrared radiator, and power is 500W, and seed is apart from 60 centimetres of infrared radiators.
Cultivation result is as follows: after planting emergence rate reaches more than 70%, and after emerging 1 year, average height of seedling reaches 130 centimetres, and leading thread reaches 2 centimetres, and after transplanting, survival rate reaches 98%, plants mean stand height after 2 years and reaches 3.4 meters.
Embodiment 2
Cultivate by the following method the bark of eucommia:
At early March, seed is sprinkled in ditch equably, covers fine earth lid flat, suppression a little, upper cover grass keeps moistening, sows 3～4 kilograms for every mu;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, lid grass is thrown off, in the time that seedling grows 3～5 true leaves, select cloudy thinning, 9～10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the fertilising of every 15 days of nursery stage once, can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, or 5 kilograms every mu, urea;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters × 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres, executes 12～15 kilograms of farmyard manures in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, after coming up when nursery stage, remove overstocked weak seedling, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow ground internal water accumulation, when the coming year, transplanted spring, to note watering, after transplanting, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8～10 kilograms every mu in the time of preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, after mixing with fine earth with 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim when sowing, be sprinkling upon on seedbed, if there is damping off, the 1000 times of liquid pourings of carbendazim with 50%, if root rot 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50% occur to be watered, the situation of blade if generation aphid is caused harm, with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor.
Wherein in step (1), the processing of seed is processed in such a way:
(1) gather eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, these seeds are soaked 24 hours with the clear water of 20 degrees Celsius;
(2) seed in step (1) is carried out to alternating temperature processing, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 3 degrees Celsius of temperature and carries out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in the warm water of 65 degrees Celsius and soak 4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
(3) seed step (2) being obtained soaks 3 hours in nutrient solution, and the formula of this nutrient solution is: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA 1mg/L, NAA 1mg/L.After draining, can sow;
(4) seed of step (4) being handled well is placed under infrared lamp and irradiates 30 minutes after taking out, and infrared light wavelength is 900 nanometers, is sent by infrared radiator, and power is 400W, and seed is apart from 55 centimetres of infrared radiators.
Embodiment 1 is cleaned and is stored in damp sand always with the seeds of 2 acquisitions and through routine and keep carrying out seedling experiment together with 10 degrees Celsius of seeds of 60 days.Implantation time is December 20, selects leeward area without shade to set up seedbed, and 40 centimetres, sanding loam at the bottom of bed waters vola water before sowing, sows the sandy loam of surface coverage 5 cm thicks after sowing according to the mode of 10 centimetres of seed spacing.After planting keep sandy soil moistening, and at furrow upper cover grass, need timely draining if any ponding.
Cultivation result is as follows: after planting emergence rate reaches more than 70%, and after emerging 1 year, average height of seedling reaches 130 centimetres, and leading thread reaches 2 centimetres, and after transplanting, survival rate reaches 98%, plants mean stand height after 2 years and reaches 3.4 meters.
Those skilled in the art can make and replacing or modification content of the present invention according to content disclosed by the invention and the art technology of grasping; but these replacements or modification should not be considered as departing from the present invention's design, and these replacements or modification are all in the claimed interest field of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a breeding method for the bark of eucommia, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selected seed seed is processed, in whole good furrow, opens 5 centimetres of ditches that left and right is dark by 40 centimetres of line-spacings, at early March, seed is sprinkled in ditch equably, covers fine earth lid flat, suppression a little, and upper cover grass keeps moistening, 3～4 kilograms of every mu of sowings;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, lid grass is thrown off, in the time that seedling grows 3～5 true leaves, select cloudy thinning, 9～10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, the fertilising of every 15 days of nursery stage once, can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, or 5 kilograms every mu, urea;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters × 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres, executes 12～15 kilograms of farmyard manures in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, after coming up when nursery stage, remove overstocked weak seedling, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow ground internal water accumulation, when the coming year, transplanted spring, to note watering, after transplanting, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8～10 kilograms every mu in the time of preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, after mixing with fine earth with 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim when sowing, be sprinkling upon on seedbed, if there is damping off, the 1000 times of liquid pourings of carbendazim with 50%, if root rot 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50% occur to be watered, the situation of blade if generation aphid is caused harm, with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor;
It is characterized in that wherein in step (1), the processing of seed being processed in such a way:
1. gather eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, these seeds are soaked 20～24 hours with the clear water of 20～25 degrees Celsius;
2. the seed in step (1) is carried out to alternating temperature processing, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 1～3 degree Celsius of temperature and carries out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in the warm water of 60～65 degrees Celsius and soak 3～4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
3. seed step (2) being obtained soaks 2～3 hours in nutrient solution, after draining, can sow;
4. the seed of step (4) being handled well is placed under infrared lamp and irradiates 20～30 minutes after taking out.
2. the bark of eucommia breeding method described in claim 1, is characterized in that in seed treatment, and the formula of the nutrient solution of step described in is 3.: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA1mg/L, NAA1mg/L.
3. the bark of eucommia breeding method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in seed treatment, the infrared light wavelength of step described in is 4. 850～1100 nanometers, sent by infrared radiator, power is 300～500W, and seed is apart from 50～60 centimetres of infrared radiators.
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103392573A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-20 | 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 | Eucommia ulmoides plug seedling method |
| CN103583372B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-05-13 | 陕西理工学院 | Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in-vitro rapid-propagation method |
| CN104081978A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-08 | 南江县百草中药材有限公司 | Eucommia ulmoides planting method |
| CN105766510A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆市万盛经开区黑山镇供销合作社有限公司 | Method for planting cortex eucommiae |
| CN104798489B (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-09-21 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | One breaks the seed dormant method of morning glory |
| CN106550734A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-04-05 | 马国坚 | Bark of eucommia technology is planted leanly in south |
| CN105340530A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-24 | 阜南县晨浩种植专业合作社 | Peper seed artificial breeding method |
| CN105815187A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-08-03 | 甘肃中医药大学 | Efficient low-cost planting method for eucommia ulmoides in arid desert area |
| CN106305094A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 贵州省仁怀市辉盛农业科技有限公司 | Eucommia ulmoides planting method of capable of preventing and controlling diseases and pests |
| CN106386326A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 马健 | Cultivation method for eucommia ulmoides |
| CN106954503A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-18 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of northern leaf cultural method of bark of eucommia woods |
| CN109418050B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for artificially cultivating cistanche |
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Effective date of registration: 20170724 Address after: Licheng Town East Street Liyang city 213300 Jiangsu city of Changzhou province No. 182 Patentee after: Liyang Technology Development Center Address before: 213300, 168, Zhao Zhuang Road, Liyang Economic Development Zone, Changzhou, Jiangsu, Liyang Patentee before: Tianmuhu Health Product Co., Ltd., Liyang |