CN102986420A - Cultivating method of eucommia ulmoides - Google Patents

Cultivating method of eucommia ulmoides Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102986420A
CN102986420A CN2012104823884A CN201210482388A CN102986420A CN 102986420 A CN102986420 A CN 102986420A CN 2012104823884 A CN2012104823884 A CN 2012104823884A CN 201210482388 A CN201210482388 A CN 201210482388A CN 102986420 A CN102986420 A CN 102986420A
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seed
kilograms
eucommia
bark
centimetres
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CN102986420B (en
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李凤琪
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Liyang Technology Development Center
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TIANMUHU HEALTH PRODUCT CO Ltd LIYANG
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Abstract

The invention provides a cultivating method of eucommia ulmoides, which comprises the steps of: preprocessing and seeding eucommia ulmoides seeds, growing seedlings, transplanting, and carrying out field-management and pest control. According to the cultivating method, the planting percent of the eucommia ulmoides can be increased, the eucommia ulmoides well grows, and high survival rate of transplanting is achieved.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of the bark of eucommia
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of tree, relate to especially a kind of cultivation method of the bark of eucommia.
Background technology
The bark of eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv) is the distinctive famous and precious economic tree of China, in Subtropic of China to 26 provinces of warm temperate zone (district, city) cultivation, about 5,000,000 mu of area under cultivation is arranged all.Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides is the rare traditional Chinese medicine of China's special product and important foreign exchange earning goods and materials, has strengthening the bones and muscles, filling liver kidney, for a long time clothes anti-effect of waiting for a long time of making light of one's life by commiting suicide, for Chinese medicine top grade.Studies have shown that in a large number modern age, Eucommia Fruit has high economic worth and utilizes prospect, pericarp (kind skin) contains the multiple mineral elements such as chlorogenic acid, Aucubin, Geniposidic acid, rosin element disaccharide glucoside, polysaccharide, amino acid and Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca, P, B, Mg, K, have the pharmacological function similar with Bark of Eucommia Ulmoides, and have no side effect; What be worth to propose especially is, bark of eucommia kind benevolence contains the abundant unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid, and wherein alpha-linolenic acid content reaches more than 60%, has remarkable reducing blood lipid, hypotensive and suppress the effects such as thrombotic diseases, prevention miocardial infarction and cerebral infarction.The bark of eucommia is still produced the quality raw materials of several functions food except traditional medicine is used.The tree-like grace of the bark of eucommia, well developed root system, growth rapidly, strong stress resistance, damage by disease and insect are few, are that the husky good spy in district in hills, mountain area and Plain uses economic tree.The utilization of Eucommia Fruit more and more is subject to people's attention, and to produce Eucommia Fruit as main, orchard, the gardening cultivation mode of folium cortex eucommiae, skin, fruit, male flower comprehensive utilization will become one of Main Cultivation pattern of bark of eucommia production development.
The plantation of the bark of eucommia take seminal propagation, carry out the pattern of expanding species as main.Its seed belongs to low form, requires low temperature moistening in the embryo development procedure, and seed its germination rate after processing 50~70 days below 10 degrees centigrade can reach 90%.But such low temperature treatment time is longer, especially is unfavorable for having the bark of eucommia plantation of scientific research demand, can't breed rapidly new varieties, tests new planting technology.Therefore need a kind of method for cultivating eucommia, can utilize the quick seedling of seed.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of breeding method of the bark of eucommia, the method comprises the preliminary treatment of eucommia bark seed and sowing, grows seedlings, and transplants, field management, these several parts of the extermination of disease and insect pest, the method can improve the planting percent of the bark of eucommia, the bark of eucommia is grown fine, and transplanting survival rate is high, and the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) selected seed and seed processed in whole good furrow, is opened ditch dark about 5 centimetres by 40 centimetres of line-spacings, at early March seed is sprinkled in the ditch equably, and it is flat to cover the fine earth lid, a little suppression, and the upper cover grass keeps moistening, 3~4 kilograms of every mu of sowings;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, will cover grass and throw off, treat that seedling selects cloudy thinning when growing 3~5 true leaves, 9~10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, nursery stage fertilising in per 15 days once can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, and perhaps urea is 5 kilograms every mu;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters * 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, 12~15 kilograms of farmyard manures are executed in the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, the weak seedling that the rear removal that comes up during nursery stage is overstocked, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow the ground internal water accumulation, to note when the coming year, transplanted spring watering, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once after transplanting, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8~10 kilograms every mu when preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed with behind 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim and the fine earth mixing during sowing, if damping off occur then water with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim of 50%, if the generation root rot is watered with 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50%, the situation of blade if the generation aphid is caused harm is with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor.
Wherein in the step (1) processing of seed is processed in such a way:
(1) gathers eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the clear water of these seeds with 20~25 degrees centigrade soaked 20~24 hours;
(2) seed in the step (1) being carried out alternating temperature processes, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 1~3 degree centigrade of temperature and carried out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in 60~65 degrees centigrade the warm water and soaked 3~4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
(3) seed that step (2) is obtained soaked in nutrient solution 2~3 hours, can sow after draining;
(4) be placed on after the seed of step (4) being handled well takes out and shone under the infrared lamp 20~30 minutes.
In seed treatment, the prescription of the nutrient solution described in the step (3) is: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA 1mg/L, NAA 1mg/L.
In seed treatment, the infrared light wavelength described in the step (4) is 850~1100 nanometers, is sent by infrared radiator, and power is 300~500W, and seed is apart from 50~60 centimetres of infrared radiators.
The cultivation method of the bark of eucommia provided by the invention not only makes its planting percent improve by the specially treated to eucommia bark seed, but also has shortened the time of seedling, makes its growing way in this growth cycle of First Year more vigorous, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Cultivate by the following method the bark of eucommia:
At early March seed is sprinkled in the ditch equably, it is flat to cover fine earth lid, a little suppression, and the upper cover grass keeps moistening, 3~4 kilograms of every mu of sowings;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, will cover grass and throw off, treat that seedling selects cloudy thinning when growing 3~5 true leaves, 9~10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, nursery stage fertilising in per 15 days once can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, and perhaps urea is 5 kilograms every mu;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters * 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, 12~15 kilograms of farmyard manures are executed in the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, the weak seedling that the rear removal that comes up during nursery stage is overstocked, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow the ground internal water accumulation, to note when the coming year, transplanted spring watering, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once after transplanting, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8~10 kilograms every mu when preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed with behind 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim and the fine earth mixing during sowing, if damping off occur then water with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim of 50%, if the generation root rot is watered with 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50%, the situation of blade if the generation aphid is caused harm is with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor.
Wherein in the step (1) processing of seed is processed in such a way:
(1) gathers eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the clear water of these seeds with 25 degrees centigrade soaked 24 hours;
(2) seed in the step (1) being carried out alternating temperature processes, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 1 degree centigrade of temperature and carried out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in 60 degrees centigrade the warm water and soaked 4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
(3) seed that step (2) is obtained soaked in nutrient solution 2 hours, and the prescription of this nutrient solution is: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA 1mg/L, NAA 1mg/L.Can sow after draining;
(4) be placed under the infrared lamp after the seed of step (4) being handled well takes out and shone 20 minutes, infrared light wavelength is 1000 nanometers, is sent by infrared radiator, and power is 500W, and seed is apart from 60 centimetres of infrared radiators.
The result is as follows in cultivation: after planting emergence rate reaches more than 70%, and average height of seedling reaches 130 centimetres after emerging 1 year, and leading thread reaches 2 centimetres, and survival rate reaches 98% after transplanting, and plants that mean stand height reaches 3.4 meters after 2 years.
Embodiment 2
Cultivate by the following method the bark of eucommia:
At early March seed is sprinkled in the ditch equably, it is flat to cover fine earth lid, a little suppression, and the upper cover grass keeps moistening, 3~4 kilograms of every mu of sowings;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, will cover grass and throw off, treat that seedling selects cloudy thinning when growing 3~5 true leaves, 9~10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, nursery stage fertilising in per 15 days once can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, and perhaps urea is 5 kilograms every mu;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters * 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, 12~15 kilograms of farmyard manures are executed in the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, the weak seedling that the rear removal that comes up during nursery stage is overstocked, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow the ground internal water accumulation, to note when the coming year, transplanted spring watering, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once after transplanting, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8~10 kilograms every mu when preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed with behind 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim and the fine earth mixing during sowing, if damping off occur then water with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim of 50%, if the generation root rot is watered with 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50%, the situation of blade if the generation aphid is caused harm is with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor.
Wherein in the step (1) processing of seed is processed in such a way:
(1) gathers eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the clear water of these seeds with 20 degrees centigrade soaked 24 hours;
(2) seed in the step (1) being carried out alternating temperature processes, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 3 degrees centigrade of temperature and carried out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in 65 degrees centigrade the warm water and soaked 4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
(3) seed that step (2) is obtained soaked in nutrient solution 3 hours, and the prescription of this nutrient solution is: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA 1mg/L, NAA 1mg/L.Can sow after draining;
(4) be placed under the infrared lamp after the seed of step (4) being handled well takes out and shone 30 minutes, infrared light wavelength is 900 nanometers, is sent by infrared radiator, and power is 400W, and seed is apart from 55 centimetres of infrared radiators.
Keep 10 degrees centigrade of seeds of 60 days to carry out the seedling experiment in the damp sand with clean and be stored in through routine always embodiment 1 and 2 seeds that obtain.Implantation time is December 20, selects leeward area without shade to set up the seedbed, and the sanding loam is 40 centimetres at the bottom of bed, waters vola water before the sowing, sows the sandy loam of surface coverage 5 cm thicks after the sowing according to the mode of 10 centimetres of seed spacings.After planting keep sandy soil moistening, and at furrow loam cake grass, need timely draining if any ponding.
The result is as follows in cultivation: after planting emergence rate reaches more than 70%, and average height of seedling reaches 130 centimetres after emerging 1 year, and leading thread reaches 2 centimetres, and survival rate reaches 98% after transplanting, and plants that mean stand height reaches 3.4 meters after 2 years.
Those skilled in the art can make replacement or modification to content of the present invention according to content disclosed by the invention and the art technology of grasping; but these replacements or modification should not be considered as breaking away from the present invention's design, and these replacements or modification are all in the claimed interest field of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the breeding method of a bark of eucommia, the method may further comprise the steps:
(1) selected seed and seed processed in whole good furrow, is opened ditch dark about 5 centimetres by 40 centimetres of line-spacings, at early March seed is sprinkled in the ditch equably, and it is flat to cover the fine earth lid, a little suppression, and the upper cover grass keeps moistening, 3~4 kilograms of every mu of sowings;
(2) grow seedlings, after coming up, will cover grass and throw off, treat that seedling selects cloudy thinning when growing 3~5 true leaves, 9~10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, nursery stage fertilising in per 15 days once can be executed 1500 kilograms every mu of farmyard manures, and perhaps urea is 5 kilograms every mu;
(3) transplant, sow winter then, according to the distance of 2 meters * 2 meters of seeding row spacings, dig 60 centimetres of diameters, 12~15 kilograms of farmyard manures are executed in the hole that the degree of depth is 60 centimetres in every hole, and one strain of every hole is transplanted;
(4) field management, the weak seedling that the rear removal that comes up during nursery stage is overstocked, weed with a hoe, keep ground moistening, but can not allow the ground internal water accumulation, to note when the coming year, transplanted spring watering, annual spring and fall is respectively executed farmyard manure or farmyard manure once after transplanting, 10 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure, 8 kilograms of the every strains of farmyard manure;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest, the ferrous sulfate powder that applies 8~10 kilograms every mu when preparing nursery bed carries out disinfection, be sprinkling upon on the seedbed with behind 4 kilograms of 50% carbendazim and the fine earth mixing during sowing, if damping off occur then water with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim of 50%, if the generation root rot is watered with 1000 times of liquid of topsin of 50%, the situation of blade if the generation aphid is caused harm is with 800 times of sprinklings of 40% missible oil Rogor.
2. the cultivation method of the bark of eucommia described in the claim 1 is characterized in that wherein in the step (1) processing of seed being processed in such a way:
(1) gathers eucommia bark seed, gather ripe then eucommia bark seed, select full grains, without the seed of damage by disease and insect, the clear water of these seeds with 20~25 degrees centigrade soaked 20~24 hours;
(2) seed in the step (1) being carried out alternating temperature processes, first eucommia bark seed is positioned in the freezer of 1~3 degree centigrade of temperature and carried out low temperature treatment 24 hours, subsequently seed is taken out from freezer, be positioned in 60~65 degrees centigrade the warm water and soaked 3~4 hours, cold and heat succeed each other like this and process 3 times;
(3) seed that step (2) is obtained soaked in nutrient solution 2~3 hours, can sow after draining;
(4) be placed on after the seed of step (4) being handled well takes out and shone under the infrared lamp 20~30 minutes.
3. the cultivation method of the bark of eucommia described in the claim 2 is characterized in that in seed treatment, and the prescription of the nutrient solution described in the step (3) is: ammonium nitrate 30g/L, sodium phthalate 0.5g/L, sodium humate 0.2mg/L, kinetin 1.5mg/L, BA 1mg/L, NAA 1mg/L.
4. the cultivation method of the bark of eucommia described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that in seed treatment the infrared light wavelength described in the step (4) is 850~1100 nanometers, is sent by infrared radiator, power is 300~500W, and seed is apart from 50~60 centimetres of infrared radiators.
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103392573A (en) * 2013-08-02 2013-11-20 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 Eucommia ulmoides plug seedling method
CN103583372A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-02-19 陕西理工学院 Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in-vitro rapid-propagation method
CN104081978A (en) * 2014-07-01 2014-10-08 南江县百草中药材有限公司 Eucommia ulmoides planting method
CN104798489A (en) * 2015-05-12 2015-07-29 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 Method for breaking morning glory seed dormancy
CN105340530A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-02-24 阜南县晨浩种植专业合作社 Peper seed artificial breeding method
CN105766510A (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-07-20 重庆市万盛经开区黑山镇供销合作社有限公司 Method for planting cortex eucommiae
CN105815187A (en) * 2016-05-28 2016-08-03 甘肃中医药大学 Efficient low-cost planting method for eucommia ulmoides in arid desert area
CN106305094A (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-01-11 贵州省仁怀市辉盛农业科技有限公司 Eucommia ulmoides planting method of capable of preventing and controlling diseases and pests
CN106386326A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 马健 Cultivation method for eucommia ulmoides
CN106550734A (en) * 2015-09-26 2017-04-05 马国坚 Bark of eucommia technology is planted leanly in south
CN106954503A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-07-18 东北林业大学 A kind of northern leaf cultural method of bark of eucommia woods
CN109418050A (en) * 2017-08-24 2019-03-05 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 A kind of method of artificial culture Herba Cistanches

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《湖北林业科技》 20110430 王平等 杜仲栽培技术 1-4 , 第2期 *
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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103392573A (en) * 2013-08-02 2013-11-20 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 Eucommia ulmoides plug seedling method
CN103583372A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-02-19 陕西理工学院 Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in-vitro rapid-propagation method
CN103583372B (en) * 2013-11-29 2015-05-13 陕西理工学院 Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in-vitro rapid-propagation method
CN104081978A (en) * 2014-07-01 2014-10-08 南江县百草中药材有限公司 Eucommia ulmoides planting method
CN105766510A (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-07-20 重庆市万盛经开区黑山镇供销合作社有限公司 Method for planting cortex eucommiae
CN104798489A (en) * 2015-05-12 2015-07-29 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 Method for breaking morning glory seed dormancy
CN106550734A (en) * 2015-09-26 2017-04-05 马国坚 Bark of eucommia technology is planted leanly in south
CN105340530A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-02-24 阜南县晨浩种植专业合作社 Peper seed artificial breeding method
CN105815187A (en) * 2016-05-28 2016-08-03 甘肃中医药大学 Efficient low-cost planting method for eucommia ulmoides in arid desert area
CN106305094A (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-01-11 贵州省仁怀市辉盛农业科技有限公司 Eucommia ulmoides planting method of capable of preventing and controlling diseases and pests
CN106386326A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 马健 Cultivation method for eucommia ulmoides
CN106954503A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-07-18 东北林业大学 A kind of northern leaf cultural method of bark of eucommia woods
CN109418050A (en) * 2017-08-24 2019-03-05 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 A kind of method of artificial culture Herba Cistanches
CN109418050B (en) * 2017-08-24 2021-09-14 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 Method for artificially cultivating cistanche

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