CN104145652A - Method for planting okra in high-altitude areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting okra in high-altitude areas. The method includes steps of processing seeds; sowing the seeds and raising seedlings; preparing lands, performing bedding and planting the seedlings in fields; managing the fields; harvesting the okra and the like. The method for planting the okra has the advantages that the method is completely adaptive to cold climatic environments of the high-altitude areas, the cold resistance, the disease resistance and the stress resistance of the okra can be enhanced, the yield of the okra can be increased, the quality of the okra can be improved, the yield can be increased by 30% at least as compared with an existing method for planting okra, the okra planted by the aid of the method tastes delicate and smooth and is high in nutritional value, market requirements can be completely met, and the method has important economic and social benefits and is worth of being widely popularized.

Description

A kind of method high altitude localities plantation gumbo

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method high altitude localities plantation gumbo, belong to agriculture cultivation technology field.

Background technology

Gumbo has another name called swordweed, coffee ambrette, hair eggplant, is the annual herbaceous plant of Malvaceae, originates in Africa.Its edible is partly fruit pod, divide again green and red two kinds, its tender and crisp succulence, lubricious oiliness, fragrance is unique, is of high nutritive value, and favored by the common people, has become the people institute heat grade nutritive health-care vegetable that pursues high, the fashionable whole world.In torrid areas such as Europe Africa Middle East, India and Southeast Asia, extensively cultivate at present, also there is cultivation in China.Yet in China high altitude localities, the implantation methods of gumbo is immature, unreasonable, causes gumbo to yield poorly and poor quality, cannot meet the need of market.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method high altitude localities plantation gumbo, improves gumbo at the plantation yield and quality of high altitude localities.

For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A method high altitude localities plantation gumbo, comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment

1-2 days basks seeds before seed soaking, then with 50-60 ℃ of hot water, scald kind of a 20-30min, again with the 24-36h that soaks seed in 30-35 ℃ of clear water, then with the 5-10h that soaks seed in-3-0 ℃ frozen water, then put into the 20-25 ℃ of mountain spring water 15-20min that gets warm again after a cold spell, pull seed out and put into the 1% liquor potassic permanganate 20-30min that soaks seed, pull seed out, clear water cleans up, and after draining away the water, by seed vernalization at 28-32 ℃ of temperature, 70-80% seed sprouting can be sowed;

(2) seeding and seedling raising

March, early and middle ten days was at cold bed, greenhouse by solar heat seeding and seedling raising, and seedling bed earth mixes formulated with 14-18 part peat soil, 12-16 part leaf mould, 10-15 part decomposed cow dung, 5-10 part ooze, 4-6 part Desert Sand, 3-5 part weter hyacinth powder, 2-3 part modified mineral particle; Leveling seedbed, by seeding row spacing 10-12 centimetre program request, earthing 1.5-2 cm thick, should keep a soil temperature degree 24-26 ℃ after broadcasting, within 4-5 days, germinate unearthed, seedling age 30-40 days, field planting during seedling 2-3 sheet true leaf;

The preparation method of above-mentioned modified mineral particle is as follows: a, get the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 40-50, hokutolite 20-30, attapulgite 15-20, loess stone 10-15, Sodium Polyacrylate 5-10, calcium lignosulfonate 4-8, Carboxymethylinulin sodium 3-6, urea 10-15, superphosphate 5-10, potassium fulvate 2-4, sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) seed powder 3-6, trehalose 2.5-4.5, kerosene shale ash 4-7, blackstrap 2-3, oil foot 3-5, polyglutamic acid 4.5-6.5, hydroxyethylcellulose 5-10; B, get medical stone, hokutolite, attapulgite, loess stone and mix, 640-780 ℃ of calcining 2-3h, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, powder after sieving adds water making beating and makes the suspension that concentration is 50-60%, then add Sodium Polyacrylate, calcium lignosulfonate, Carboxymethylinulin sodium, 4000-5000rpm speed lapping 15-20min, is spray dried to powder; C, the above-mentioned powder making is mixed with remaining raw material, granulation, dries;

(3) bedding of whole ground and field planting

Gumbo is avoided continuous cropping, can not connect stubble with fruit vegetables, to avoid root-knot nematode, preferably selects root vegetables, leaf vegetables etc. to make front stubble; Soil is advisable with deep, the fertile loam loose, that preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong of soil layer, after before before winter, stubble is gathered in the crops, 20-25cm in time deep ploughs, per hectare is removed and is executed decomposed dung 70000-80000 kilogram, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 250-350 kilogram, mixing rakes makes the wide 100-150cm of being, height is the furrow of 20-30cm;

Adopt the plantation of narrow ridge duplicate rows, row spacing 100-120 centimetre, every ridge kind two row, line-spacing 70-80 centimetre, spacing in the rows 40-50 centimetre, furrow furrow width 50-60 centimetre;

(4) field management

1. thinning

Thinning for the first time during the broken heart of thinning, removes residual small and weak seedling, and thinning for the second time during 2-3 sheet true leaf, selects and remain strong sprout, final singling during 3-4 sheet true leaf, and 1 strain is stayed in every cave;

2. intertill and clean tillage and ridging

After Seeding planting, after growing the 1st true leaf, should intertill for the first time, chesson promotes its root system development, and the 1st the flowers are in blossom puts front reinforcement intertillage, so that appropriateness restraining the growth of seedlings, in order to root system development, after yielding positive results, plant strain growth is accelerated, and waters after topdressing at every turn and all should intertill, cultivation and banking before envelope ridge, prevents plant lodging;

3. water and fertilizer management

Water: broadcast the appropriate to the occasion morning and evening of lack of water in latter 20 days and manually spray, after seedling is slightly large, can spray or furrow irrigation by machinery, season hot summer, water requirement was large on the occasion of the gumbo results Sheng phase, and surface temperature is high, should be in the morning before 9, afternoon, post sunset watered, and avoided watering and hindering root under high temperature, noted draining rainy season, prevent dead seedling, the maintenance ground moistening of take whole vegetative period is degree;

Topdress: within after final singling or field planting 5-7 days, impose 1 time and carry seed manure, 40-60 kilogram for per hectare, to clear water 3000-4000 kilogram by pouring into; The phase of yielding positive results imposes short fertilizers for potted flowers 1 time, and per hectare is executed the night soil water 45000-50000 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and waters and imposes in the ranks; Enter fruit picking after date, then impose fruit-promoting fertilizer 1-2 time, per hectare is executed nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 200-300 kilogram, spreads manuer in holes between strain or, executes rear earthing in the ranks; Enter bloom, fruit picking is during the phase, available 2% superphosphate soak also,, sprays in the positive back side of leaf portion after at 4 o'clock in afternoon at cloudy day or fine day, is sprayed onto leaf portion moistening;

4. the priming leaf of pruning: in the later stage of gumbo growth, should destroy base portion side shoot; After the tender fruit of results, retain bottom 1-2 sheet leaf, extract remaining blade; After major branch grows to 50-60cm, carry out pinching, can promote top side shoot result, improve early yield;

(5) gather

6-8 days after blossom fall, gathers when tender fruit grows to 8-10 centimetre, can obtain best commodity fruit; Gather and should carry out between the lights, while gathering, at carpopodium place, cut, in order to avoid injury limb, can last till early October picking time from late June, after the first fruit is gathered, the initial stage gathered once every 2-4 days, with temperature, raise, shorten at the interval of gathering, in the full bearing period in August, every day or gather every other day once, after September, mercury dropped, gathered once every 3-4 days.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The implantation methods of gumbo of the present invention, adapt to the high altitude localities sex climate environment that cools completely, can strengthen cold resistance, disease resistance and the resistance of gumbo, improve the yield and quality of gumbo, with respect to existing gumbo implantation methods volume increase, more than 30%, plantation gumbo delicate mouthfeel is out lubricated, be of high nutritive value, meet the need of market completely, there is important economy and social benefit, be worth promoting.

Embodiment

A method high altitude localities plantation gumbo, comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment

Before seed soaking, bask seeds 2 days, then with 55 ℃ of hot water, scald kind of a 25min, again with the 24h that soaks seed in 35 ℃ of clear water, then with the 8h that soaks seed in-2 ℃ of frozen water, then put into 25 ℃ of mountain spring waters 15min that gets warm again after a cold spell, pull seed out and put into the 1% liquor potassic permanganate 25min that soaks seed, pull seed out, clear water cleans up, and after draining away the water, by seed vernalization at 30 ℃ of temperature, 75% seed sprouting can be sowed;

(2) seeding and seedling raising

March, early and middle ten days was at cold bed, greenhouse by solar heat seeding and seedling raising, and seedling bed earth mixes formulated with 16 parts of peat soils, 14 parts of leaf moulds, 12 parts of decomposed cow dungs, 8 parts of oozes, 5 parts of Desert Sands, 4 parts of weter hyacinth powder, 2.5 parts of modified mineral particles; Leveling seedbed, by 10 centimetres of program requests of seeding row spacing, earthing 2 cm thicks, should keep 25 ℃ of soil temperature degree after broadcasting, within 4-5 days, germinate unearthed, seedling age 30-40 days, field planting during seedling 2-3 sheet true leaf;

The preparation method of above-mentioned modified mineral particle is as follows: a, get the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 45, hokutolite 25, attapulgite 18, loess stone 12, Sodium Polyacrylate 7, calcium lignosulfonate 5, Carboxymethylinulin sodium 4, urea 10, superphosphate 6, potassium fulvate 3, sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) seed powder 4, trehalose 3, kerosene shale ash 5, blackstrap 2.5, oil foot 4, polyglutamic acid 5, hydroxyethylcellulose 8; B, get medical stone, hokutolite, attapulgite, loess stone and mix, 720 ℃ of calcining 3h, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, powder after sieving adds water making beating, and to make concentration be 55% suspension, then add Sodium Polyacrylate, calcium lignosulfonate, Carboxymethylinulin sodium, 5000rpm speed lapping 15min, is spray dried to powder; C, the above-mentioned powder making is mixed with remaining raw material, granulation, dries;

(3) bedding of whole ground and field planting

Gumbo is avoided continuous cropping, can not connect stubble with fruit vegetables, to avoid root-knot nematode, preferably selects root vegetables, leaf vegetables etc. to make front stubble; Soil is advisable with deep, the fertile loam loose, that preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong of soil layer, after before before winter, stubble is gathered in the crops, the 20cm that deep ploughs in time, per hectare is removed and is executed 75000 kilograms of decomposed dungs, 300 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, mixing rakes makes the wide 120cm of being, height is the furrow of 25cm;

Adopt the plantation of narrow ridge duplicate rows, 100 centimetres of row spacings, every ridge kind two row, 70 centimetres of line-spacings, 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 50 centimetres of furrow furrow widths;

(4) field management

1. thinning

Thinning for the first time during the broken heart of thinning, removes residual small and weak seedling, and thinning for the second time during 2-3 sheet true leaf, selects and remain strong sprout, final singling during 3-4 sheet true leaf, and 1 strain is stayed in every cave;

2. intertill and clean tillage and ridging

After Seeding planting, after growing the 1st true leaf, should intertill for the first time, chesson promotes its root system development, and the 1st the flowers are in blossom puts front reinforcement intertillage, so that appropriateness restraining the growth of seedlings, in order to root system development, after yielding positive results, plant strain growth is accelerated, and waters after topdressing at every turn and all should intertill, cultivation and banking before envelope ridge, prevents plant lodging;

3. water and fertilizer management

Water: broadcast the appropriate to the occasion morning and evening of lack of water in latter 20 days and manually spray.After seedling is slightly large, can spray or furrow irrigation by machinery, season hot summer, water requirement was large on the occasion of the gumbo results Sheng phase, and surface temperature is high, should be in the morning before 9, afternoon, post sunset watered, and avoided watering and hindering root under high temperature, note draining rainy season, prevent dead seedling, the maintenance ground moistening of take whole vegetative period is degree;

Topdress: within after final singling or field planting 5-7 days, impose 1 time and carry seed manure, per hectare is with 50 kilograms, to 3500 kilograms, clear water by pouring into; The phase of yielding positive results imposes short fertilizers for potted flowers 1 time, and per hectare is executed 48000 kilograms, the night soil water of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and waters and imposes in the ranks; Enter fruit picking after date, then impose fruit-promoting fertilizer 1-2 time, per hectare is executed 250 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, spreads manuer in holes between strain or, executes rear earthing in the ranks; Enter bloom, fruit picking is during the phase, available 2% superphosphate soak also,, sprays in the positive back side of leaf portion after at 4 o'clock in afternoon at cloudy day or fine day, is sprayed onto leaf portion moistening;

4. the priming leaf of pruning: in the later stage of gumbo growth, should destroy base portion side shoot; After the tender fruit of results, retain bottom 1-2 sheet leaf, extract remaining blade; After major branch grows to 50-60cm, carry out pinching, can promote top side shoot result, improve early yield;

(5) gather

6-8 days after blossom fall, gathers when tender fruit grows to 8-10 centimetre, can obtain best commodity fruit; Gather and should carry out between the lights, while gathering, at carpopodium place, cut, in order to avoid injury limb, can last till early October picking time from late June, after the first fruit is gathered, the initial stage gathered once every 2-4 days, with temperature, raise, shorten at the interval of gathering, in the full bearing period in August, every day or gather every other day once, after September, mercury dropped, gathered once every 3-4 days.

Adopt the gumbo that gumbo that above-mentioned implantation methods plants is out planted out with conventional method to compare, have the following advantages:

As seen from the above table, compare with traditional cultivation method, implantation methods gumbo per mu yield of the present invention has improved 31.6%, and plantation gumbo quality better out, and delicate mouthfeel is lubricated, is of high nutritive value, and planting cost is low, and high production is profitable, is applicable to large-scale promotion.

Claims (1)

1. in a method for high altitude localities plantation gumbo, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) seed treatment

1-2 days basks seeds before seed soaking, then with 50-60 ℃ of hot water, scald kind of a 20-30min, again with the 24-36h that soaks seed in 30-35 ℃ of clear water, then with the 5-10h that soaks seed in-3-0 ℃ frozen water, then put into the 20-25 ℃ of mountain spring water 15-20min that gets warm again after a cold spell, pull seed out and put into the 1% liquor potassic permanganate 20-30min that soaks seed, pull seed out, clear water cleans in only, and after draining away the water, by seed vernalization at 28-32 ℃ of temperature, 70-80% seed sprouting can be sowed;

(2) seeding and seedling raising

March, early and middle ten days was at cold bed, greenhouse by solar heat seeding and seedling raising, and seedling bed earth mixes formulated with 14-18 part peat soil, 12-16 part leaf mould, 10-15 part decomposed cow dung, 5-10 part ooze, 4-6 part Desert Sand, 3-5 part weter hyacinth powder, 2-3 part modified mineral particle; Leveling seedbed, by seeding row spacing 10-12 centimetre program request, earthing 1.5-2 cm thick, should keep a soil temperature degree 24-26 ℃ after broadcasting, within 4-5 days, germinate unearthed, seedling age 30-40 days, field planting during seedling 2-3 sheet true leaf;

The preparation method of above-mentioned modified mineral particle is as follows: a, get the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 40-50, hokutolite 20-30, attapulgite 15-20, loess stone 10-15, Sodium Polyacrylate 5-10, calcium lignosulfonate 4-8, Carboxymethylinulin sodium 3-6, urea 10-15, superphosphate 5-10, potassium fulvate 2-4, sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) seed powder 3-6, trehalose 2.5-4.5, kerosene shale ash 4-7, blackstrap 2-3, oil foot 3-5, polyglutamic acid 4.5-6.5, hydroxyethylcellulose 5-10; B, get medical stone, hokutolite, attapulgite, loess stone and mix, 640-780 ℃ of calcining 2-3h, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, powder after sieving adds water making beating and makes the suspension that concentration is 50-60%, then add Sodium Polyacrylate, calcium lignosulfonate, Carboxymethylinulin sodium, 4000-5000rpm speed lapping 15-20min, is spray dried to powder; C, the above-mentioned powder making is mixed with remaining raw material, granulation, dries;

(3) bedding of whole ground and field planting

Gumbo is avoided continuous cropping, can not connect stubble with fruit vegetables, to avoid root-knot nematode, preferably selects root vegetables, leaf vegetables etc. to make front stubble; Soil is advisable with deep, the fertile loam loose, that preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong of soil layer, after before before winter, stubble is gathered in the crops, 20-25cm in time deep ploughs, per hectare is removed and is executed decomposed dung 70000-80000 kilogram, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 250-350 kilogram, mixing rakes makes the wide 100-150cm of being, height is the furrow of 20-30cm;

Adopt the plantation of narrow ridge duplicate rows, row spacing 100-120 centimetre, every ridge kind two row, line-spacing 70-80 centimetre, spacing in the rows 40-50 centimetre, furrow furrow width 50-60 centimetre;

(4) field management

1. thinning

Thinning for the first time during the broken heart of thinning, removes residual small and weak seedling, and thinning for the second time during 2-3 sheet true leaf, selects and remain strong sprout, final singling during 3-4 sheet true leaf, and 1 strain is stayed in every cave;

2. intertill and clean tillage and ridging

After Seeding planting, after growing the 1st true leaf, should intertill for the first time, chesson promotes its root system development, and the 1st the flowers are in blossom puts front reinforcement intertillage, so that appropriateness restraining the growth of seedlings, in order to root system development, after yielding positive results, plant strain growth is accelerated, and waters after topdressing at every turn and all should intertill, cultivation and banking before envelope ridge, prevents plant lodging;

3. water and fertilizer management

Water: broadcast the appropriate to the occasion morning and evening of lack of water in latter 20 days and manually spray, after seedling is slightly large, can spray or furrow irrigation by machinery, season hot summer, water requirement was large on the occasion of the gumbo results Sheng phase, and surface temperature is high, should be in the morning before 9, afternoon, post sunset watered, and avoided watering and hindering root under high temperature, noted draining rainy season, prevent dead seedling, the maintenance ground moistening of take whole vegetative period is degree;

Topdress: within after final singling or field planting 5-7 days, impose 1 time and carry seed manure, 40-60 kilogram for per hectare, to clear water 3000-4000 kilogram by pouring into; The phase of yielding positive results imposes short fertilizers for potted flowers 1 time, and per hectare is executed the night soil water 45000-50000 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and waters and imposes in the ranks; Enter fruit picking after date, then impose fruit-promoting fertilizer 1-2 time, per hectare is executed nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 200-300 kilogram, spreads manuer in holes between strain or, executes rear earthing in the ranks; Enter bloom, fruit picking is during the phase, available 2% superphosphate soak also,, sprays in the positive back side of leaf portion after at 4 o'clock in afternoon at cloudy day or fine day, is sprayed onto leaf portion moistening;

4. the priming leaf of pruning: in the later stage of gumbo growth, should destroy base portion side shoot; After the tender fruit of results, retain bottom 1-2 sheet leaf, extract remaining blade; After major branch grows to 50-60cm, carry out pinching, can promote top side shoot result, improve early yield;

(5) gather

6-8 days after blossom fall, gathers when tender fruit grows to 8-10 centimetre, can obtain best commodity fruit; Gather and should carry out between the lights, while gathering, at carpopodium place, cut, in order to avoid injury limb, can last till early October picking time from late June, after the first fruit is gathered, the initial stage gathered once every 2-4 days, with temperature, raise, shorten at the interval of gathering, in the full bearing period in August, every day or gather every other day once, after September, mercury dropped, gathered once every 3-4 days.