CN108207516B - Method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in high and cold areas by utilizing sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbages to prepare seedlings in a severe cold area by utilizing a sunlight greenhouse, which specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting suitable regions and facilities: selecting the area with the altitude of 2200-3000 meters, the average annual temperature of more than 3.2 ℃ and the average coldest month temperature of more than-10.4 ℃ in winter, adopting a sunlight greenhouse to cultivate the seedlings, wherein the regulation and control performance of the sunlight greenhouse is required to be excellent, the temperature regulation and control range is-3-30 ℃, the maximum temperature difference inside and outside the greenhouse is 28 ℃, and the minimum temperature difference is 5 ℃. In the high-altitude and high-cold area, the sunlight greenhouse is utilized to effectively adjust the conditions of illumination, temperature, water fertilizer and the like, so that the requirements of the early-maturing cabbage seedling on the vegetative growth and reproductive development are met, the seed production seedlings smoothly pass through vernalization, the high-quality seedling production for seed production is finally cultivated, the technical problem that the early-maturing cabbage seedling production in the high-altitude and high-cold area in the north is difficult to overwinter cultivation under the condition of light at the growing point is effectively solved, and the technical guarantee is provided for the development of the perennial vegetable seed production industry.

Description

Method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in high and cold areas by utilizing sunlight greenhouse

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbages to prepare seedlings in a high and cold area by utilizing a sunlight greenhouse.

Background

In high altitude and high cold areas in the north, due to the altitude and the temperature, the technical problem that the early-maturing cabbage seed production seedlings are difficult to cultivate in the winter cannot be effectively solved, thereby influencing the development of the perennial vegetable seed production industry.

Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a solar greenhouse in alpine regions to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a high and cold area by utilizing a sunlight greenhouse, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a severe cold area by using a sunlight greenhouse specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting suitable regions and facilities: selecting a region with the altitude of 2200-;

step two: determining parent quality requirements: the purity of the parent is not less than 99.9%, the purity is not less than 99%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, and the water content is not more than 7%;

step three: determining the seedling growing period and mode: the seedling raising period and mode of the early-maturing cabbage seed production seedling are divided into two types: the first is open field seedling, 1/3 male parent seedlings are firstly cultivated in 15-17 days in 8 months, all female parent seedlings and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 22-25 days in 8 months, 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 1-1 day in 9-30 months, the second is greenhouse seedling, 1/3 male parent seedlings are firstly cultivated in 1-3 days in 10 months, all female parent seedlings and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 7-9 days in 10 months, and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 13-15 days in 10 months;

step four: treating and dishing the seedling substrate: adopting commercial seedling substrate for plug seedling, sterilizing the seedling substrate by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 50% tetramethyl thiuram disulfide wettable powder before tray loading, wherein the sterilization method comprises the steps of using 100 g of medicament per 1 cubic meter, dispersing and stirring uniformly, and adopting 73 holes for tray loading for later use after substrate sterilization;

step five: seedling raising and seedling stage management:

a: sowing: dibbling 1 seed in each hole with a sowing depth of 0.50-1.00 cm by using dry seeds, tightly sealing the sowing holes with a matrix after sowing, enabling the matrix to absorb enough moisture by adopting an infiltrating irrigation mode, and covering the matrix with a mulching film or a moisture-preserving non-woven fabric;

b: and (3) illumination management in the seedling stage: in the middle and late ten days of 8 months, during outdoor seedling culture, the cotyledon period is 11: 30-2: 30, shading by adopting a shading net with 2-3 needles, shading and cooling according to the temperature regulation and control requirements in the whole seedling stage, keeping the illumination intensity of 10000LX-40000LX from the cotyledon stage to the first leaf and first heart stage, and keeping the illumination intensity of 20000LX-60000LX from the two leaves and the first heart stage to the transplanting stage;

c: temperature control is carried out in a seedling raising period in a mode of shading a sunshade net, increasing the ventilation quantity of a greenhouse and shading a half roll of heat preservation quilt;

d: regulating and controlling water and fertilizer in a seedling stage: irrigating in a seedling stage by adopting a sprinkling irrigation mode, sprinkling irrigation once every 5-7 days after seedling emergence, spraying 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces in combination with pest control for 1 time in 14 days after seedling emergence, and spraying 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces in combination with pest control for 1 time in 25 days after seedling emergence;

e: strong seedling standard: strong seedlings are selected before transplanting, and the strong seedling standard is as follows: the plant is strong, the plant height is 12.00 cm-15.00 cm, the pseudostem is 0.25 cm-0.40 cm thick, 5-6 true leaves are provided, the leaves are thick, the leaf color accords with the description of parent characters, the root system is developed, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist;

step six: the overwintering transplanting processing method comprises the following steps:

a: and (3) overwintering greenhouse treatment: non-cruciferous crops are required to be planted in the front stubble, a compound chlorothalonil smoke agent (44% of ammonium nitrate, 26% of charcoal powder, 6% of ammonium oxalate and 24% of 75% of chlorothalonil are prepared into 12.5 g of smoke agent blocks) is placed every 3 m in a greenhouse for 7 days before the greenhouse is used, the greenhouse is scattered and distributed in a dotted manner, the greenhouse is ignited in the evening, the greenhouse is sealed for 12 hours to thoroughly disinfect the greenhouse, soil is fertilized, 6000 kg/hectare (400 kg/667 square meters) of commercial organic fertilizer and 374 kg/hectare (25.00 kg/667 square meters) of diammonium phosphate are applied, soil is deeply turned over, water is irrigated, when the ground surface is dry, the land is prepared into a ridge, the south-north direction of the ridge is transplanted, and the width is 2.50 m-3.00 m;

b: and (3) transplanting the overwintering seedlings: growing seedlings on open field in 8 months: transplanting the first male parent in 25-27 days in 9 months, transplanting the female parent in 1-3 days in 10 months and the second male parent in 1-3 days in 10 months, transplanting the third male parent in 10-13 days in 10 months, and growing seedlings in a greenhouse in 10 months: transplanting the first male parent in 1-3 days in 11 months, transplanting all the female parents and the second male parent in 7-9 days in 11 months, and transplanting the third male parent in 13-15 days in 11 months;

c: the transplanting method comprises the following steps: ditching east and west in the greenhouse, ditching south and north in the cold frame, wherein the depth of the ditch is 8.00 cm-15.00 cm, the row spacing is 25 cm, the plant spacing is 20.00 cm, when transplanting, attention is paid to the substrate blocks of plug seedlings, the bent arch-shaped directions of hypocotyls are consistent, after transplanting, enough seedling stabilizing water is poured, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured for each 667 square meters, and management is carried out before winter after the seedlings are produced and are released;

step seven: winter culture technology of seed production seedlings:

a: temperature management: after the seedlings are transplanted in a greenhouse, the temperature regulation and control method comprises the steps of increasing ventilation volume, semi-rolling heat preservation and shading, covering grass mat with shading at intervals, covering a heat preservation quilt or a grass mat with a late cover, closing a lower air opening after entering winter, ventilating by adopting an upper air opening, and slowly growing the nutrient until the nutrient grows to meet the vernalization requirement, namely the number of rosette leaves reaches 11 to 18, when the thickness of pseudostems reaches 1.5 to 2.0 centimeters, reducing the temperature in the greenhouse to 5 to 7 ℃ in the white day, and the temperature at night is 0 to 3 ℃, so that the nutrient slowly grows, and the low temperature is sensed to pass vernalization;

b: illumination management: the growth point of the seed production seedling needs light every day in the whole culture process, otherwise, the vernalization effect is influenced, so that the seed production yield is greatly influenced, when the seed production seedling is cultured in winter, the illumination needs to be kept for 7-8 hours in sunny days, the illumination intensity is 20000LX-60000LX, and the illumination needs to be carried out for 2-3 hours in the midsummer in snowy days, and when the illumination intensity is lower than 5000LX, a plant growth light supplement lamp is used for supplementing light;

c: and (3) water and fertilizer management: sufficient seedling reviving water is needed to be poured in a sunlight greenhouse after transplanting, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters, intertillage is carried out in time after the seedling reviving, watering and fertilizing are controlled at the same time, squatting seedling is carried out, 25.00 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 15: 15 is applied in combination with irrigation after 28-30 days after transplanting, the watering amount is 25-30 cubic meters per 667 square meters, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out in the greenhouse after watering, watering is carried out once after the seedling production reaches the vernalization requirement, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters, sufficient water is poured once in 7 days before planting, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters for seed production, seedling digging and transplanting are convenient, the humidity of indoor air in the whole greenhouse seedling production process in winter is strictly controlled, the humidity of the air in the second leaf ring period to the fourth leaf ring formation period is controlled at 70-75 percent, then the humidity of the air in the greenhouse is controlled to be below 60 percent, and the greenhouse is moved to the place where the quicklime is spread to reduce the humidity when the humidity of the air is too high in continuous cloudy and snowy days;

d: and (3) pest and disease management: the ventilation and light transmission are increased, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled, the insect-repellent film and the yellow board are hung, and the insect-proof net is arranged at the doorway and the ventilation opening.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: in the high-altitude and high-cold area, the sunlight greenhouse is utilized to effectively adjust the conditions of illumination, temperature, water fertilizer and the like, so that the requirements of the early-maturing cabbage seedling on the vegetative growth and reproductive development are met, the seed production seedlings smoothly pass through vernalization, the high-quality seedling production for seed production is finally cultivated, the technical problem that the early-maturing cabbage seedling production in the high-altitude and high-cold area in the north is difficult to overwinter cultivation under the condition of light at the growing point is effectively solved, and the technical guarantee is provided for the development of the perennial vegetable seed production industry.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a severe cold area by using a sunlight greenhouse specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting suitable regions and facilities: selecting a region with the altitude of 2200-;

step two: determining parent quality requirements: the purity of the parent is not less than 99.9%, the purity is not less than 99%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, and the water content is not more than 7%;

step three: determining the seedling growing period and mode: the seedling raising period and mode of the early-maturing cabbage seed production seedling are divided into two types: the first is open field seedling, 1/3 male parent seedlings are firstly cultivated in 15-17 days in 8 months, all female parent seedlings and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 22-25 days in 8 months, 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 1-1 day in 9-30 months, the second is greenhouse seedling, 1/3 male parent seedlings are firstly cultivated in 1-3 days in 10 months, all female parent seedlings and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 7-9 days in 10 months, and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 13-15 days in 10 months;

step four: treating and dishing the seedling substrate: adopting commercial seedling substrate for plug seedling, sterilizing the seedling substrate by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 50% tetramethyl thiuram disulfide wettable powder before tray loading, wherein the sterilization method comprises the steps of using 100 g of medicament per 1 cubic meter, dispersing and stirring uniformly, and adopting 73 holes for tray loading for later use after substrate sterilization;

step five: seedling raising and seedling stage management:

a: sowing: dibbling 1 seed in each hole with a sowing depth of 0.50-1.00 cm by using dry seeds, tightly sealing the sowing holes with a matrix after sowing, enabling the matrix to absorb enough moisture by adopting an infiltrating irrigation mode, and covering the matrix with a mulching film or a moisture-preserving non-woven fabric;

b: and (3) illumination management in the seedling stage: in the middle and late ten days of 8 months, during outdoor seedling culture, the cotyledon period is 11: 30-2: 30, shading by adopting a shading net with 2-3 needles, shading and cooling according to the temperature regulation and control requirements in the whole seedling stage, keeping the illumination intensity of 10000LX-40000LX from the cotyledon stage to the first leaf and first heart stage, and keeping the illumination intensity of 20000LX-60000LX from the two leaves and the first heart stage to the transplanting stage;

c: temperature control is carried out in a seedling raising period in a mode of shading a sunshade net, increasing the ventilation quantity of a greenhouse and shading a half roll of heat preservation quilt;

d: regulating and controlling water and fertilizer in a seedling stage: irrigating in a seedling stage by adopting a sprinkling irrigation mode, sprinkling irrigation once every 5-7 days after seedling emergence, spraying 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces in combination with pest control for 1 time in 14 days after seedling emergence, and spraying 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces in combination with pest control for 1 time in 25 days after seedling emergence;

e: strong seedling standard: strong seedlings are selected before transplanting, and the strong seedling standard is as follows: the plant is strong, the plant height is 12.00 cm-15.00 cm, the pseudostem is 0.25 cm-0.40 cm thick, 5-6 true leaves are provided, the leaves are thick, the leaf color accords with the description of parent characters, the root system is developed, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist;

step six: the overwintering transplanting processing method comprises the following steps:

a: and (3) overwintering greenhouse treatment: non-cruciferous crops are required to be planted in the front stubble, a compound chlorothalonil smoke agent (44% of ammonium nitrate, 26% of charcoal powder, 6% of ammonium oxalate and 24% of 75% of chlorothalonil are prepared into 12.5 g of smoke agent blocks) is placed every 3 m in a greenhouse for 7 days before the greenhouse is used, the greenhouse is scattered and distributed in a dotted manner, the greenhouse is ignited in the evening, the greenhouse is sealed for 12 hours to thoroughly disinfect the greenhouse, soil is fertilized, 6000 kg/hectare (400 kg/667 square meters) of commercial organic fertilizer and 374 kg/hectare (25.00 kg/667 square meters) of diammonium phosphate are applied, soil is deeply turned over, water is irrigated, when the ground surface is dry, the land is prepared into a ridge, the south-north direction of the ridge is transplanted, and the width is 2.50 m-3.00 m;

b: and (3) transplanting the overwintering seedlings: growing seedlings on open field in 8 months: transplanting the first male parent in 25-27 days in 9 months, transplanting the female parent in 1-3 days in 10 months and the second male parent in 1-3 days in 10 months, transplanting the third male parent in 10-13 days in 10 months, and growing seedlings in a greenhouse in 10 months: transplanting the first male parent in 1-3 days in 11 months, transplanting all the female parents and the second male parent in 7-9 days in 11 months, and transplanting the third male parent in 13-15 days in 11 months;

c: the transplanting method comprises the following steps: ditching east and west in the greenhouse, ditching south and north in the cold frame, wherein the depth of the ditch is 8.00 cm-15.00 cm, the row spacing is 25 cm, the plant spacing is 20.00 cm, when transplanting, attention is paid to the substrate blocks of plug seedlings, the bent arch-shaped directions of hypocotyls are consistent, after transplanting, enough seedling stabilizing water is poured, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured for each 667 square meters, and management is carried out before winter after the seedlings are produced and are released;

step seven: winter culture technology of seed production seedlings:

a: temperature management: after the seedlings are transplanted in a greenhouse, the temperature regulation and control method comprises the steps of increasing ventilation volume, semi-rolling heat preservation and shading, covering grass mat with shading at intervals, covering a heat preservation quilt or a grass mat with a late cover, closing a lower air opening after entering winter, ventilating by adopting an upper air opening, and slowly growing the nutrient until the nutrient grows to meet the vernalization requirement, namely the number of rosette leaves reaches 11 to 18, when the thickness of pseudostems reaches 1.5 to 2.0 centimeters, reducing the temperature in the greenhouse to 5 to 7 ℃ in the white day, and the temperature at night is 0 to 3 ℃, so that the nutrient slowly grows, and the low temperature is sensed to pass vernalization;

b: illumination management: the growth point of the seed production seedling needs light every day in the whole culture process, otherwise, the vernalization effect is influenced, so that the seed production yield is greatly influenced, when the seed production seedling is cultured in winter, the illumination needs to be kept for 7-8 hours in sunny days, the illumination intensity is 20000LX-60000LX, and the illumination needs to be carried out for 2-3 hours in the midsummer in snowy days, and when the illumination intensity is lower than 5000LX, a plant growth light supplement lamp is used for supplementing light;

c: and (3) water and fertilizer management: sufficient seedling reviving water is needed to be poured in a sunlight greenhouse after transplanting, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters, intertillage is carried out in time after the seedling reviving, watering and fertilizing are controlled at the same time, squatting seedling is carried out, 25.00 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 15: 15 is applied in combination with irrigation after 28-30 days after transplanting, the watering amount is 25-30 cubic meters per 667 square meters, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out in the greenhouse after watering, watering is carried out once after the seedling production reaches the vernalization requirement, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters, sufficient water is poured once in 7 days before planting, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters for seed production, seedling digging and transplanting are convenient, the humidity of indoor air in the whole greenhouse seedling production process in winter is strictly controlled, the humidity of the air in the second leaf ring period to the fourth leaf ring formation period is controlled at 70-75 percent, then the humidity of the air in the greenhouse is controlled to be below 60 percent, and the greenhouse is moved to the place where the quicklime is spread to reduce the humidity when the humidity of the air is too high in continuous cloudy and snowy days;

d: and (3) pest and disease management: the ventilation and light transmission are increased, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled, the insect-repellent film and the yellow board are hung, and the insect-proof net is arranged at the doorway and the ventilation opening.

The standard of the high-quality seed production seedling in the invention is that the pseudostem is 1.80-2.50 cm thick, the lotus throne has 11-18 leaves, the leaf ball is not formed, the top end of the center pillar can see clustered tumor-shaped flower bud, the leaf color is normal, the root system is developed and has new root germination, no plant diseases and insect pests exist

Example 2:

a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a high and cold area by using a sunlight greenhouse comprises the following steps of sowing, a cotyledon period, a true leaf period, a three true leaf period, a four leaf and one heart period, three days before transplanting and gradually reducing the required temperature in the transplanting period, and specifically comprises the following steps:

example 3:

a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a high and cold area by using a sunlight greenhouse is characterized in that pest control needs to be carried out 7 days after seedling emergence, 14 days after seedling emergence, 21-28 days after seedling emergence and after seedling emergence, and main pest control methods are as follows:

example 4:

a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a high and cold area by utilizing a sunlight greenhouse is characterized in that winter temperature management of the seedlings changes along with the current period of the seedlings, and concretely comprises the following steps:

example 5:

a method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a high and cold area by using a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the seedlings also need to be sprayed with a medicament for preventing diseases and insect pests, and the method for preventing the diseases and the insect pests by the medicament is as follows:

according to the embodiments 1-5, the invention can effectively solve the technical problem that the seedlings of the early-maturing cabbages in northern high-altitude and high-cold regions are difficult to overwinter culture under the condition of visible light at the growing points, thereby providing technical support for the development of the seed production industry of the perennial root vegetables.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for cultivating early-maturing cabbage seedlings in a severe cold area by using a sunlight greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting suitable regions and facilities: selecting a region with the altitude of 2200-;

step two: determining parent quality requirements: the purity of the parent is not less than 99.9%, the purity is not less than 99%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, and the water content is not more than 7%;

step three: determining the seedling growing period and mode: the seedling raising period and mode of the early-maturing cabbage seed production seedling are divided into two types: the first is open field seedling, 1/3 male parent seedlings are firstly cultivated in 15-17 days in 8 months, all female parent seedlings and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 22-25 days in 8 months, 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 1-1 day in 9-30 months, the second is greenhouse seedling, 1/3 male parent seedlings are firstly cultivated in 1-3 days in 10 months, all female parent seedlings and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 7-9 days in 10 months, and 1/3 male parent seedlings are cultivated in 13-15 days in 10 months;

step four: treating and dishing the seedling substrate: adopting commercial seedling substrate for plug seedling, sterilizing the seedling substrate by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 50% tetramethyl thiuram disulfide wettable powder before tray loading, wherein the sterilization method comprises the steps of using 100 g of medicament per 1 cubic meter, dispersing and stirring uniformly, and adopting 73 holes for tray loading for later use after substrate sterilization;

step five: seedling raising and seedling stage management:

a: sowing: dibbling 1 seed in each hole with a sowing depth of 0.50-1.00 cm by using dry seeds, tightly sealing the sowing holes with a matrix after sowing, enabling the matrix to absorb enough moisture by adopting an infiltrating irrigation mode, and covering the matrix with a mulching film or a moisture-preserving non-woven fabric;

b: and (3) illumination management in the seedling stage: in the middle and late ten days of 8 months, during outdoor seedling culture, the cotyledon period is 11: 30-2: 30, shading by adopting a shading net with 2-3 needles, shading and cooling according to the temperature regulation and control requirements in the whole seedling stage, keeping the illumination intensity of 10000LX-40000LX from the cotyledon stage to the first leaf and first heart stage, and keeping the illumination intensity of 20000LX-60000LX from the two leaves and the first heart stage to the transplanting stage;

c: temperature control is carried out in a seedling raising period in a mode of shading a sunshade net, increasing the ventilation quantity of a greenhouse and shading a half roll of heat preservation quilt;

d: regulating and controlling water and fertilizer in a seedling stage: irrigating in a seedling stage by adopting a sprinkling irrigation mode, sprinkling irrigation once every 5-7 days after seedling emergence, spraying 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces in combination with pest control for 1 time in 14 days after seedling emergence, and spraying 0.5 percent monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces in combination with pest control for 1 time in 25 days after seedling emergence;

e: strong seedling standard: strong seedlings are selected before transplanting, and the strong seedling standard is as follows: the plant is strong, the plant height is 12.00 cm-15.00 cm, the pseudostem is 0.25 cm-0.40 cm thick, 5-6 true leaves are provided, the leaves are thick, the leaf color accords with the description of parent characters, the root system is developed, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist;

step six: the overwintering transplanting processing method comprises the following steps:

a: and (3) overwintering greenhouse treatment: the non-cruciferous crops are required to be planted in the previous crop, the compound chlorothalonil smoke agent is placed every 3 meters 7 days before the greenhouse is used, the greenhouse is distributed in a scattered manner, the greenhouse is ignited in the evening, the greenhouse is sealed for 12 hours to thoroughly disinfect the greenhouse, the soil is fertilized, the commodity organic fertilizer of 6000 kg/hectare, the diammonium phosphate of 374 kg/hectare is applied, the soil is deeply turned over, the water is thoroughly poured, the land is prepared and made into a furrow when the surface of the ground is dry and wet, and the transplanting furrow is arranged in the north-south direction and is 2.50-3.00 meters wide;

b: and (3) transplanting the overwintering seedlings: growing seedlings on open field in 8 months: transplanting the first male parent in 25-27 days in 9 months, transplanting the female parent in 1-3 days in 10 months and the second male parent in 1-3 days in 10 months, transplanting the third male parent in 10-13 days in 10 months, and growing seedlings in a greenhouse in 10 months: transplanting the first male parent in 1-3 days in 11 months, transplanting all the female parents and the second male parent in 7-9 days in 11 months, and transplanting the third male parent in 13-15 days in 11 months;

c: the transplanting method comprises the following steps: ditching east and west in the greenhouse, ditching south and north in the cold frame, wherein the depth of the ditch is 8.00 cm-15.00 cm, the row spacing is 25 cm, the plant spacing is 20.00 cm, when transplanting, attention is paid to the substrate blocks of plug seedlings, the bent arch-shaped directions of hypocotyls are consistent, after transplanting, enough seedling stabilizing water is poured, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured for each 667 square meters, and management is carried out before winter after the seedlings are produced and are released;

step seven: winter culture technology of seed production seedlings:

a: temperature management: after the seedlings are transplanted in a greenhouse, the temperature regulation and control method comprises the steps of increasing ventilation volume, half-roll heat preservation and shading, covering grass mat with shading at intervals, covering a heat preservation quilt or a grass mat at a later time, closing a lower air opening after entering winter, ventilating by adopting an upper air opening, and reducing the temperature of the greenhouse in the day of the daytime to 5-7 ℃ and the temperature of the greenhouse at night to 0-3 ℃ when the nutrient grows to meet the vernalization requirement, namely the number of rosette leaves reaches 11-18, the thickness of pseudostems reaches 1.5-2.0 cm;

b: illumination management: the growing point of the seed production seedling needs to be exposed to light every day in the whole culture process, the illumination needs to be kept for 7-8 hours in sunny days when the seedling is cultured in winter, the illumination intensity is 20000LX-60000LX, the illumination needs to be carried out for 2-3 hours in the afternoon in cloudy snow days, and a plant growth light supplement lamp is used for supplementing light when the illumination intensity is lower than 5000 LX;

c: and (3) water and fertilizer management: sufficient seedling reviving water is needed to be poured in a sunlight greenhouse after transplanting, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters, intertillage is carried out in time after the seedling reviving, watering and fertilizing are controlled at the same time, squatting seedling is carried out, 25.00 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 15: 15 is applied in combination with irrigation after 28-30 days after transplanting, the watering amount is 25-30 cubic meters per 667 square meters, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out in the greenhouse after watering, watering is carried out once after the seedling production reaches the vernalization requirement, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters, sufficient water is poured once in 7 days before planting, 28-30 cubic meters of water is poured in each 667 square meters for seed production, seedling digging and transplanting are convenient, the humidity of indoor air in the whole greenhouse seedling production process in winter is strictly controlled, the humidity of the air in the second leaf ring period to the fourth leaf ring formation period is controlled at 70-75 percent, then the humidity of the air in the greenhouse is controlled to be below 60 percent, and the greenhouse is moved to the place where the quicklime is spread to reduce the humidity when the humidity of the air is too high in continuous cloudy and snowy days;

d: and (3) pest and disease management: the ventilation and light transmission are increased, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled, the insect-repellent film and the yellow board are hung, and the insect-proof net is arranged at the doorway and the ventilation opening.