CN107124977A - A kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method, comprise the following steps：Hole plate seedling growth：In nursery in 4 Mays, every mu of 50g of sowing quantity 35；Managing after sowing：Mulch film is thrown off in time when young shoot breaks ground, seedling grows to 3 true leaves and imposes 0.3% urea, and seedling age can be colonized for 30 days or so；Field planting：When seedling length to 67 true leaf, you can move in carry out site preparation and fertilization before Field planting, field planting, using plum blossom-shaped high-density planting method；Field management：On the basis of farm manure is used sufficient, the every mu of ㎏ of urea 15 20 that spreads manuer in holes during field planting；Harvesting.After the high yield cultivating method plantation of the present invention, per mu yield can reach 6400 kilograms every mu, to realize that wild cabbage steady production lays the first stone, either disease resistance, winter resistance, physiology shape or yield have obvious advantage compared to other kinds, suitable for multiple area plantations, it is easy to penetration and promotion to plant.

Description

A kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of vegetable cultivation, more particularly to a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method.

Background technology

Wild cabbage also known as cabbage, are commonly called as cabbage, belong to Cruciferae, originate in the northern bank in Mediterranean, 16th century start incoming China, is a kind of important vegetables that China various regions are generally planted, and occupies critical role in vegetable growing and supply.It is adapted to Property strong, easily cultivation, resistance to transport, application value is high, and edible range is vegetables cuisines indispensable on mankind's dining table extensively, into For culturing vegetable species important in the world.

24,600,000 mu of whole world cultivated area, China's cabbage area accounts for whole world cultivated area up to 12,000,000 mu 48.8%.Present China various regions are generally cultivated, be the regional spring such as northeast, northwest, North China, the summer, autumn staple vegetable it One.230,000 mu of the long-term cultivated area in Zhangjiakou, accounts for the 2% of national vegetables area.The 17%~20% of Zhan Wo cities vegetables area. Because Zhangjiakou day and night temperature is big, illumination is sufficient, and light quality is good, and pest and disease damage occurs less, and ecological environment is good, and wild cabbage product is sold to All parts of the country, because demand is improved constantly, also increase year by year for plantation yield and seed production demand.

Research of the China to wild cabbage hybrid vigour starts from the later stage fifties in last century, and it is miscellaneous that main research demonstrates a generation Plant has hybrid vigour in terms of yield, resistance.In the later stage sixties to the seventies, wild cabbage selfing is systematically carried out not Affine seed selection and heterosis utilization research, and make a breakthrough, up to the present, the wild cabbage one of countries in the world production All it is to be prepared using sterile line and self incompatible line for hybrid.

China's research male sterile to wild cabbage starts from the initial stage eighties, to overcome the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds to hybridize Rate can not reach 100%, and purity is low, regularity is poor, and parent is degenerated from transaction for a long time, and artificial flower bud is needed during parent propagation Phase pollination cost is high, the defect such as intellectual property is difficult to protect, and starts the positive male sterile breeding methods of research and utilization.Hebei Save as the important vegetables production area of China, the kind in production be entirely it is external introduce and in sweet series of products, kind is suitable in locality Answering property is poor, and such as external kind price is high, and market confusion is hard to tell whether it is true or false, very different.Domestic variety disease resistance is poor, condition, color Pool can not meet market demands etc..Situation is monopolized in locality for break away from external kind, development of national industry meets market pair The demand of head cabbage varieties, carries out the wild cabbage breeding i.e. production of hybrid seeds of oneself, be at the right time with it is necessary, meaning is also very long-range.

With the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's seed selection " in sweet 21 " be representative wild cabbage new varieties, be sterile line and self incompatible line In Hybrid F1 generation, utilizes, mainly self incompatible line parent and the numerous production of hybrid seeds of F1 cenospecies.In central plain area, autumn and winter is utilized Field sowing, Small plastic shed subculture spring flower, season in the beginning of spring crop field definite value breeding pattern, emphasis be Xingtai area.It is sweet as China Blue main producing region, is also the leading industry of local farmers.But there is problems with：Season maturation etc. of blooming is produced and rainy season, mist Haze is in same period, and continuous wet weather is unfavorable for plant blossom and pollen transmission pollination, adds disease, insect pest through a winter Survive the winter, early spring largely occurs, it is impossible to ensure the development of the stalwartness of plant, particularly side shoot, constituted a serious difficulty for breeding processed. Production seed production and quality cannot be guaranteed.Yield poorly, maturity is poor, bud gesture, bud rate are low.General 30-40kg/ mus of yield.

Number of patent application is 201510859988.1 innovation and creation, discloses a kind of high yield cultivating method of wild cabbage, should Method comprises the following steps：Site preparation, nursery, definite value, management, harvesting.The cultural method passes through reasonably using base manure and chasing after Fertilizer, provides the nutrition of abundance so that wild cabbage growing environment is optimized for the growth of wild cabbage, and coordinates effective again Insecticide is used, and overcomes the problem of wild cabbage easily ill causes yield reduction, but the cultural method does not have related data card It is real, it is to be improved in terms of yield, disease resistance.

The method that the patent of invention of Application No. 94100993.9 discloses wild cabbage hybrid seeding, but per mu yield after plantation 3300-3800 kilograms, yield poorly, it is difficult to meet the market demand.

The content of the invention

In order to overcome above problems of the prior art there is provided

A kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps：

(1.1) hole plate seedling growth：Typically in 4-5 month nursery, matrix is watered and mixed thoroughly by every mu of sowing quantity 35-50g in advance, dress Disk, presses cave, presses acupoint depth 8-10mm, and seed is placed in cave per 1, cave, matrix is enclosed, is struck off with flat board；

(1.2) managing after sowing：Mulch film is thrown off in time when young shoot breaks ground, in order to avoid burn seedlings or high seedling is grown, when matrix is arid Spray is poured or furrow are poured, and seedling grows to 3 true leaves and imposes 0.3% urea, and seedling age can be colonized for 30 days or so；

(1.3) it is colonized：When seedling length to 6-7 true leaves, you can move in carrying out site preparation and fertilization before Field planting, field planting, Using plum blossom-shaped high-density planting method, every mu is planted 6000 plants or so；

(1.4) field management

On the basis of farm manure is used sufficient, the every mu of urea 15-20 ㎏ that spread manuer in holes during field planting；Florescence prevents and treats pest and disease damage, enters In the lotus throne later stage, the supply of rich water is increased, every mu chases after nitrogen, phosphorus, the ㎏ of K composite fertilizer 20, keeps soil moisture regime；

(1.5) harvest

It can be harvested when leaf-head wraps reality substantially, and outer layer ball leaf is shinny.

Preferably, in step (1.1) hole plate seedling growth to improve temperature and keep humidity, after planting the lid mulch film on furrow.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-4000 ㎏, two after site preparation in step (1.3) The ㎏ of ammonium 25.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the preparation method of well-rotted farmyard manure is：Annual June is by freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement, pig manure And sheep manure, ratio is 3:2:1, it is stored in manure pit, top covers yellow mud, film successively, and fermentation 2-3 months will using high temperature Farm manure becomes thoroughly decomposed, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, and opens film, stirring, sprinkles into manure pit, is then stirred for after mixing after liquid bio bacterium is diluted The coming year is that can be used.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and also includes hardening before step (1.3) field planting.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the specific method of the hardening is：Carry out low temperature refining within 10 days or so before field planting Seedling, that is, increase the ventilation of canopy room, then gradually removes temperature that canopy film makes seedbed close to outside air temperature, when starting cooling, is Make seedling not by freeze injury, typically rest in 5 DEG C or so, covering can be thrown off completely within 2-3 days before field planting, make itself and field planting field The environment of block is adapted.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and is used in step (1.3) and is opened bedding cultivation, Root growth or plastic film mulching cultivation, The width of furrow because of soil physico-chemical property, pour water condition and plantation density depending on.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, when soil is sand soil, pours the poor plot of water condition, it should use Bedding cultivation is opened, furrow are answered narrow and short.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and answers Root growth when the viscous weight of soil soil property, two rows, field planting are planted per ridge back When dig cave by distance between rows and hills dislocation, band soil is sticked together the field planting of bright water, and depth is defined so that rhizome portion is buried, and by the soil compression of surrounding, So that root is contacted closely with soil, is survived with profit

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, when early spring plants, ridging, and the covering film on ridge, so as to ensure to harvest ahead of time While, improve yield and improve product quality, using plastic film mulching cultivation, should combine and apply weeds in herbicide preventing and treating film.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the method for weeds is in herbicide preventing and treating film：Before overlay film, every mu logical with dish grass Or trefanocide 100-150ml is watered 50 ㎏ even sprayings in furrow face；During using trefanocide, to be mixed after spray with soil；Adopt After the logical spraying of dish grass, the overlay film directly on furrow.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the method for plum blossom-shaped high-density planting is in step (1.3)：110cm film ridgings Cultivation, earthing caudacoria wide 70cm, row spacing 40cm, away from ridge side 10cm, are respectively colonized a line, spacing in the rows 30cm, at four plants of adjacent centers One plant of field planting, by that analogy, realizes that every mu is planted 6000 plants or so.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and being colonized in step (1.4) field management after slow seedling also includes appropriate restraining the growth of seedlings, squats After seedling, which combines to water every mu, imposes urea 15-20 ㎏.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the prevention and controls of wild cabbage florescence main diseases and insect pests include in step (1.4)： Physical control and chemical prevention.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the physical control method includes：Field hangs Yellow sticky trap or yellow plate Bar 25cm × 40cm, applies last layer machine oil, 30-40 blocks/667m thereon², trap and kill aphid.

Any of the above-described scheme is preferably, and the chemical prevention requirement was sprayed for above-mentioned insect every 5-6 days before flowering Medicine, continuous 3-4 use of spray, specific prevention and controls include：Mancozeb and/or general make every effort to overcome prevent and treat samping off, fenaminosulf And/or vertical withered spirit prevents and treats damping-off；Using new phytomycin and/or can kill and/or agricultural streptomycin sulphate prevent and treat black rot； Using Affirm (Merck Co.) missible oil and/or ethiprole suspending agent and/or chlorfenapyr suspending agent preventing and treating cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth；Adopt Prevent eliminating aphis with deltamethrin milk oil and/or imidacloprid and/or Acker Thailand.

Beneficial effect

The present invention provides a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method, using plum blossom-shaped high-density planting, with advantages below：

(1) after is using the high yield cultivating method plantation of the present invention, yield is high, either disease resistance, winter resistance, physiological shaped Shape or yield have obvious advantage compared to other kinds；

(2) is using the implantation methods plantation of the present invention, and sweet 40 per mu yield is up to 6407.761 kgs/acre；

(3) is applied to multiple area plantations, is easy to penetration and promotion to plant.

Embodiment

In order to be best understood from technical scheme and advantage, below by way of embodiment, the present invention is done into One step explanation.

Embodiment 1.1

Term and definition

Sterile line:The male sterility individual plant chosen is cultivated through continuous backcross again with fertile individual hybridization Quality with male sterility feature and neat and consistent.

Maintainer：When hybridizing as male parent and sterile line, F1 can be made to keep the plant lines of male sterility.

Self incompatible line：Refer to complete flower and normal female, andro gamete can be formed, but it is solid to lack self-pollination A kind of self-infertility of ability.

Sweet 40 seed selection, selection is as follows:

1. sterile line breeding method and technology path

The discovery of 1.1 sterile sources and conservation

Autumn in 2003 sows " alar-85 " kind in open country, and definite value is in greenhouse then, through vernalization treatment, to group when blooming Body individual plant carries out Fertility identification, and the standard of identification is that column cap is bright-coloured, exposed, and nectary is flourishing.Flower pesticide is kept mum, and is dyed through tabletting Identification, flower pesticide intracavitary is without pollen.30 individual plants of primary election in more than 12000 colonies, destroy apical dominance, promote lateral bud development, right Side life young shoot its carry out that tissue culture is asexual reserves seed for planting.

The seed selection of 1.2 maintainers

Maintainer 8513-1-2 is the fertile plant in sterile line breeding offspring, through monoploid pollen cultures, obtains more than 30 DH systems, then the self-mating system through flower training two generations strain seed selection.

The seed selection of 1.3 sterile lines

1.3.1 homozygote sterile line breeding technology path

Wild cabbage dominant genic male sterile type is also influenceed in addition to by sterile gene control by modifier, partial male infertility There is environmental sensitivity in strain, under certain genetic background and environmental condition, and a small amount of great-hearted pollen occur in some sterile plants. With the male sterile plant that dominant sterile gene homozygosis is isolated in trace-pollen sterile plant self progeny, tissue culture propagation is recycled Offspring hybridizes to be maternal with maintainer.

1.3.2 the transformation of merit

Sterile plant is first hybridized with Elite inbred, character transformation mainly is carried out to sterile line, for the bad of sterile line Character, selects the self-mating system of merit to be oriented transformation, offspring's sterility and advantage character are integrated in one.

1.3.3 cenospecies Application way and technology path

In Zhangjiakou City academy of agricultural sciences dune ridge subbase preparing hybrid combination.Summer in the same year is carried out in Zhangbei County Xi Shungou bases Field paired observation, combination TM105-7 × F07013-5 has outstanding performance.Carry out after variety test, be officially named " Sweet 40 ".Afterwards pilot production is carried out in the counties of Zhangjiakou City Ba Shang five.So far add up to promote 1219hm²。

The present invention also provides a kind of wild cabbage seeding technique, and wild cabbage seeding technique and high yield cultivating method specific method are as follows:

2nd, wild cabbage seeding technique

Opening sweet " 40 " seeding technique includes sterile line breeding, maintainer, male parent breeding, four parts of cross breeding seed, profit With the climatic superiority on local dam, under dam, work out the numerous seeding technique shown unique characteristics, i.e., nursery under dam, heel in, more Winter-Spring Metaplasia produces pollinated on the strain of trophosome kind, the dam production of hybrid seeds, production parent and cenospecies seed.

(1) breeding of original maternal plant

Original maternal plant gene is MSMS, and itself does not have pollen, as long as there is foreign aid's pollination just to turn into heterozygote, it is preserved Asexual tissue culture is relied primarily on breeding, lateral bud is cut from knot, on MS culture mediums, by producing callus-induction Young shoot breaks up-root is induced, in laboratory, continuous squamous subculture obtains original maternal plant.

Specific method is：Lateral bud is cut from knot, sterilized by arsenic mercury, is seeded on MS culture mediums, callus group is produced Knit；In MS+NAA 0.2mg/L+6-BA 2mg/L culture medium, induction young shoot differentiation；In MS+NAA 0.2mg/L culture medium Rooting induction is carried out, continuous squamous subculture obtains original maternal plant in laboratory.

(2) breeding of sterile line

The preparation of 2.1 cold beds：The wide 2.0m of south-north direction cold bed, ground grading, surface laying 10cm perlites, upper laying Ground cloth, to improve low temperature.

2.2 the preparation of seed plate：50 cave seed plates, seed plate matrix is import turf

2.3 maternal plants are heeled in：

Hardening：In Zhangjiakou region, annual early Febuary, the healthy and strong test tube seedling of maternal plant root leaf development is placed on greenhouse floor 5-7 days, bottle cap is opened and placed again 5-7 days, environment in bottle is merged completely with external environment condition.

Heel in：The cold bed for placing seed plate takes out the seedling in test tube seedling, removes the culture medium of root, is colonized in hole tray. 60% shading rate shelters from heat or light 3-5 days in strong light, temperature control at 15-52 DEG C, plug media keep seeing it is dry see wet, per 7-10 days Impose 0.3% special fertilizer for seedling culture 1 time, turn out the maternal plant survived.

2.4 maintainer nursery：

When female parent heels in 10-15 days, by maintainer seed sowing in 50 cave seed plates.Matrix, cold bed, water and fertilizer management and mother Strain is heeled in identical；

2.5 vernalization treatment：

At the beginning of early March to 4 months, when maternal plant, maintainer rice shoot 3-5 piece leaves, vernalization treatment will be carried out, greenhouse temperature is kept 0-10 DEG C, 30-40 days, at the beginning of continueing to -6 months late Mays；

2.6 field planting：

Late May, maternal plant：Maintainer=1:2 field planting (height above sea level 1400m) open countrys on dam.Line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, It is maternal 3000 plants or so.There is no Cruciferae application in 20km.Mu applies 3 tons of high-quality farm manure, NPK 50kg, Under-film drip irrigation cropping pattern.Water, fertilizer, pest management are identical with the production of hybrid seeds；

2.7 pollination：

5 casees honeybee pollination of every mu of holding at the beginning of 7 months, pollination period is kept for 1-1.5 months；

2.8 ventilation harvests：

The mid-term that bears pods removes maintainer plant, and increase line space is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light.The jaundice of 70% pod is to cut to make thereafter It is ripe, hurricane drier is put into, threshing after drying；

3. the breeding of male parent：

Male parent is self incompatible line, and breeding is different from sterile line propagation for single male parent except field planting, and other complete one Sample, is no longer repeated so to accomplish 6 strictly herein：

One is strictly to select flower bud standard：Select the bud of suitable age to carry out stripping flower bud, can prevent from selecting flower bud too small during stripping flower bud Or from bud in full bloom.The standard of qualified bud should rest in that the flowers are in blossom first 1 day, and general daily per sequence, the flowers are in blossom puts 3-4, from most A nearest circle flower bud has been bloomed to fit stripping flower bud in periphery, is usually no more than 10.

Two be the operation of specification cabage-type rape：When pollinating for the first time, removed flower is opened, remove stamen and give over to and take Powder is used, and then carries out stripping flower bud to bud with sharp mouth tweezers.It can be pollinated with to expose column cap and be advisable during stripping flower bud, bud is made during stripping flower bud Into mechanical wounding it is the smaller the better, to shorten the callus time of bud.Then one, stamen is taken to expose with sharp mouth tweezers Column cap on gently smear, pollination complete.

Three be to carry out pollination mark：When indicating strain seed collecting field number, pollination order, pollination people, pollination with notice plate Between.Then notice plate is tethered on the major branch of whole strain, not contacted to earth with notice plate highly, flooded when watering less than, easily find and will not Bedding bag sub-set lives to be advisable.

Four be to cover inflorescence to copy paper bag：Suitable sack is selected according to plant size with different model copy paper bag Set sack is carried out to the inflorescence of cabage-type rape, column cap or post is washed away after raining there are other wild cabbage pollen to descend slowly and lightly in air-prevention Headdress flower powder.

Five be timely to remove utensil and residual pollen on hand：When in full bloom because wild cabbage is spent, plant entirety flower density compared with Greatly, it is easy to be stained with pollen on hand with it, takes and polliniferous can also be remained on the tweezers of powder.So will when powder is changed plant having awarded Chemical emasculation is carried out to the position of apparatus and contamination pollen with 75% medicinal alcohol, prevents from artificial causing mixing for self-mating system.

Six be to strengthen final-period management and harvesting, prevents that mechanical admixture wild cabbage entered after fruiting period, the increase of liquid manure demand, Accomplish to see to do and just pour, each dissolved in water urea 100g/10m².Into after the peak period that bears pods, plant is adjusted with reference to ventilation It is whole, bottom old leaf, residual leaf are extractd in time, increase draught capacity, the incidence of disease of downy mildew is reduced, while being also noted that in time Spray prevention aphid.It is noted that mark, never mixes the seed of different labels together during harvesting.Label is lost on plant, Field number is found to mark again.Field number and mark board are all lost, determined by field field planting figure.

4th, cenospecies breeds

4.1 sowing

Sowed at the beginning of late Febuary to 3 months under dam in greenhouse hole tray, male parent, the maternal same period are broadcast.50 hole plate seedling growths.

4.2 seedling management

18-22 DEG C of day temperature after seedling all sprouts, it is impossible to more than 26 DEG C；When seedling 3-5 piece leaves, it will carry out at vernalization Reason, 0-10 DEG C of greenhouse temperature of holding, 30-40 days, at the beginning of continueing to -6 months late Mays.Bed temperature when nocturnal temperature takes off straw mat with morning 1-4 DEG C is easy.Ensure that growth of seedling is of moderate size, blade is abundant, strong stress resistance after field planting, hybrid seed yield is high.

4.3 field management

4.3.1 selection of land selects on dam (height above sea level 1400m) water and fertilizer condition guaranteedly, when determining production of hybrid seeds plot, ordinary circumstance Under need to isolate more than 20km.In addition, wild cabbage cultivated in isolated area etc produces field, if any bolting sign, it should receive in time Obtain.2-3 did not planted the plot production of hybrid seeds of brassicaceous vegetable.

4.3.2 site preparation production of hybrid seeds plot avoid with brassicaceous vegetable continuous cropping, be preferably selected.General mu apply fertilizer to the subsoil 3 tons (thick fertilizer, Barnyard manure), 10 kilograms of 50 kilograms of NPK and potassium sulfate make base manure, plough deeply and rake.

4.3.3 field planting：Parent is pressed 1 by mid or late May-early June：2 are colonized in open country, typically using under high ridge, film Drip irrigation is cultivated, and first time water is poured after field planting, and after being rewatered after bolting (after the adjustment florescence), every mu is transplanted 4500-5000 plants. Water is poured, with sharp slow seedling.

4.3.4 watering, fertilizing：When kind of a strain bolting Post flowering, typically topdressed with water, every mu chases after 10 kilograms or so of urea.

4.3.5 the florescence is adjusted：The florescence deviation such as caused by climate reasons, parent that can be too early to bolting carries out heavy pinching, Promote bottom side shoot sprouting, play the effect of adjustment florescence.The mu that comes into bloom places 5-10 case honeybees, and supple-mentary pollination improves production Amount.

4.3.6 pest control：Wild cabbage florescence is mainly prevented and treated pest and disease damage, including physical control and chemical prevention.

Physical control method includes：Field hangs Yellow sticky trap or yellow strip 25cm × 40cm, and last layer is applied thereon Machine oil, 30-40 blocks/667m², trap and kill aphid.

Chemical prevention requirement sprayed a medicine, continuous 3-4 use of spray, tool every 5-6 days for above-mentioned insect before flowering Body prevention and controls and dispenser species are as shown in table 1.

The main diseases and insect pests of table 1 prevent and treat list

Controlling object	Pesticide name
		Samping off	Mancozeb, general make every effort to overcome
Damping-off	Fenaminosulf, vertical withered spirit
		Black rot	New phytomycin, can kill, agricultural streptomycin sulphate
Cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth	Affirm (Merck Co.) missible oil, ethiprole suspending agent, chlorfenapyr suspending agent
		Aphid	Deltamethrin milk oil, imidacloprid, Acker are safe

4.3.7 harvest：When the several pods of kind of strain about half turn yellow, you can cut sowing strain in the morning.Kind of a strain after-ripening, threshing, Clean, dry, in storage and transport process, never kind entanglement and mechanical admixture.The seed not dried can not be packed or raft storage, Fine day, which basks seeds to make thinner on concrete floor, to be exposed to the sun.

The main cultivation crop that sweet " 40 " are Ji Bei is opened, development and the agriculture, rural areas and farmers industry development of variety and production of hybrid seeds industry cease Manner of breathing is closed, and is local pillar industry, and the present invention formulates the seeding technique of wild cabbage preferably to instruct farmer development seed industry, Elite hybrid is provided for market, it is significant.It can solve the problem that the continuous wet weather of southern production of hybrid seeds appearance is unfavorable for plant and opened simultaneously Flower and pollen transmission pollination；Insect pest early spring largely occurs；It cannot ensure the development of the stalwartness of plant, particularly side shoot；Production kind Suboutput and quality cannot be guaranteed, and maturity is poor, the low problem of bud gesture, bud rate.

The present invention is by the above method, and seed production is high, can make " to open sweet 40 " hybrid seed yield and reach 65-75kg/ mus, yield Height, yield is high, and the seed of production is full, purity is high by 100%, cleanliness is high by more than 95%, germination percentage more than 85%, germinating energy 85% More than；；To realize that wild cabbage steady production lays the first stone；After the high yield cultivating method plantation of the present invention, yield is high no matter It is that disease resistance, winter resistance, physiology shape or yield have obvious advantage compared to other kinds；Present invention also ensure that planting Protonatomic mass and quantity, meet the demand of production demonstration；Suitable for multiple area plantations, it is easy to penetration and promotion to plant.

5. the method that wild cabbage carries out high-yield culturing

(1) nursery

According to when ground temperature and cultivar decision nursery period.To improve planting survival rates and reducing transplanting seedling time, spring Shed or greenhouse etc. are can select during wild cabbage nursery and carries out facility hole plate seedling growth method.

(1) hole plate seedling growth：Regional March is in protecting field nursery under Bashing Area early April-the first tenday period of a month in May, dam.Every mu with kind Measure 35-50g.Using 105-128 caves/disk specification seed plate, carry after the previous day pre-processes matrix, cave, pressure are pressed in sabot in second day Acupoint depth 8-10mm, seed is placed in cave per 1, cave, matrix is enclosed, is struck off with flat board, and the hole tray for sowing completion is balanced Code on cold bed, for improve temperature and keep humidity, after planting can on furrow lid mulch film.

(2) managing after sowing：Mulch film is thrown off in time when young shoot breaks ground, in order to avoid burn seedlings or grow high seedling.Matrix arid can spray Pour or furrow are poured.Seedling, which grows to 3 true leaves, can impose 0.3% urea.Seedling age can be colonized for 30 days or so.It should control to pour before field planting Water simultaneously starts hardening.

(2) cultivate

(1) hardening：Seedling can be colonized when growing to 6-7 piece leaves, want low temperature hardening within 10 days or so before this.Start drop Wen Shi, to make seedling by freeze injury, 5 DEG C or so not rested in typically.The ventilation of canopy room is increased first, then gradually removes canopy Film makes the temperature in seedbed close to outside air temperature, can throw off covering completely within 2-3 days before field planting, make it with being colonized the ring of field Border is adapted.

(2) it is colonized：When seedling length to 6-7 true leaves, you can move in Field planting.Site preparation and fertilization, mu are carried out before field planting Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-4000 ㎏, the ㎏ of two ammonium 25.Furrow or ridging are opened, is many typically to open bedding cultivation, the width of furrow is because of soil Earth physicochemical property, pour water condition and plantation density depending on, such as sand soil pours the poor plot of water condition, furrow can be made it is narrow and It is shorter.As the viscous weight of soil property can Root growth, every ridge back two rows of cultivation.During field planting by distance between rows and hills dislocation dig cave, band soil stick together bright water determine Plant.Depth is defined so that rhizome portion is buried, and by the soil compression of surrounding so that root contacted with soil closely, with profit into It is living.Early spring plant, can on ridge covering film.It so not only can ahead of time harvest, can also improve yield and improve product quality.Adopt With plastic film mulching cultivation, best incorporated applies weeds in herbicide preventing and treating film.Before general overlay film, every mu is led to or fluorine pleasure with dish grass Clever 100-150ml is watered 50 ㎏ even sprayings in furrow face, and such as using will mix after trefanocide, spray with soil, and dish grass is logical can Do not mix, the overlay film directly on furrow.

In the present embodiment field planting use the method for plum blossom-shaped high-density planting for：110cm film Root growths, earthing caudacoria Wide 70cm, row spacing 40cm, away from ridge side 10cm, are respectively colonized a line, spacing in the rows 30cm is colonized one plant, with this at four plants of adjacent centers Analogize, realize that every mu is planted 6000 plants or so.

(5) plantation density：Early maturing cabbage, to meet the market requirement, leaf-head weight is typically advisable with 0.8-1.0 ㎏, therefore will Change density dilute planting habit partially, rational close planted.General line-spacing rests in 30 ㎝ or so, spacing in the rows 30-35 ㎝, every mu of strain number Ensure more than 5500-6000, then 6000 ㎏ of yield/mu or so can be achieved.

(3) field management

The plot of general medium fertility, on the basis of farm manure is used sufficient, the every mu of ㎏ of urea 15-20 that spreads manuer in holes during field planting. Suitably restrain the growth of seedlings after field planting slow seedling, urea 15-20 ㎏ are imposed with reference to watering every mu after restraining the growth of seedlings.It is the prosperous of wild cabbage into the lotus throne later stage Growth period is contained, the supply of rich water is now increased, every mu chases after nitrogen, phosphorus, the ㎏ of K composite fertilizer 20.The number of dose should basis Soil fertility height and plant growth condition are flexibly grasped.Keep soil moisture regime, favourable high yield.But Seedling drought resistance is strong, Water restraining the growth of seedlings can be suitably controlled, upper-controlling-lower-promoting, well developed root system effect is played, should accomplish that meeting drought waters after the rosette state.

(4) harvest

Spring wild cabbage should strive for early receipts, can be harvested when leaf-head wraps reality substantially, and outer layer ball leaf is shinny.If harvest is too late When, often there is blastomere, influence quality and yield.Compare neat kind, can harvest for 2-4 times.

6th, process of the test

6.1 " the seed selections of a sweet 40 " maternal male sterile line " TM105-7 "

It is dominant genic male sterile male sterile line by genetic analysis and Fertility identification TM105-7.In " alar-85 " product of introduction Kind, sterile plant offspring carries out continuous backcross with fertile plant and selects sterile line " BX9-3-1-5 ", because its wax is more, development degree Greatly, with " in it is sweet 11 " separation offspring self-mating systems carry out merit transformation to it.Go out fertility not through 6 generation above directive breedings The sterile strain " TM105-7 " of degree of educating 100%, sterile rate 100%.Sterile line character averagely single ball weight 1.3kg, siphonal lobe 9-11 Piece, development degree 65.0cm, wax is light, and ball, newel 6.2cm, master pulse is green, and the micro- sweet tea of mouthfeel, pungent is low.

6.2. sweet 40 " maternal maintainer 8513-1-2 seed selection is opened

Maintainer 8513-1-2 is the fertile plant of sterile line breeding offspring, through monoploid pollen cultures, obtains more than 30 DH System, then the self-mating system through flower training two generations strain seed selection, average list ball weight 1.36kg, siphonal lobe 7-9 pieces, development degree 48.1cm, Wax is few, and ball, master pulse is dark green, and mouthfeel is micro- peppery, newel 9.5cm, with sterile line M0105-7 filial generations, sterile rate 100%, sterile degree 100%.Variable rate technology black rot resistance.

A 6.3 " sweet 40 " male parent F07013-5 seed selection

Four type origins are：1. by hybridizing new varieties cultivated etc.；2. innovation resources and seed materials, such as g13, G27, g119 etc.；3. farmers''s improved seeds, such as black leaf butch haircut, gold morning life, heart wild cabbage, sprouting broccoli, two black leaves, nanmu It is leaf, clumsy and stupid first-class；4. foreign countries introduce resource, and such as golden mu, Beijing precocity, Huang Miao, red capital precocity, early autumn, Fuji is early raw etc..

Male parent F07013-5 is " rare " self progeny's fertile plant, and the self-mating system in the continuous generation of selfing 6, single ball weighs 2.2kg, Siphonal lobe 9-11 pieces, development degree 58cm, wax is few, and ball, master pulse is dark green, and mouthfeel is micro- peppery, stem length 7.7cm.

7th, yielding ability is determined

The head cabbage varieties comparative test table of table 2

Note：G-1, g-2, g-3, g-4 represent sweet 20 respectively, sweet 40, sweet 50, sweet 60

As shown in Table 2, in sweet 21 be control, is planted using the implantation methods of the present invention, sweet 40 per mu yield reaches 6407.761 kgs/acre, super control 9.19% respectively, volume increase, which reaches, compares the not up to level of signifiance between the level of signifiance, kind. G-2 ranks first place, and g-4 occupies second.Do not surpass control has 2, is g-1, g-3 respectively, per mu yield up to 5518.427 kgs/acre, 5472.821 kgs/acre, than the control underproduction -6.02%, -6.80%, the underproduction is not up to the level of signifiance, and both, which compare, does not also reach To the level of signifiance.The the 5th and the 6th is occupied respectively.Sweet 21 occupy the 3rd in control, and green good (ck3) ratio compares the underproduction -0.19%, The 4th is occupied, first No. 4 of iron occupies the 7th than the control underproduction -8.35%.

8.1 variety comparative test

Table 3 uses PLSD methods of analysis of variance,

" the sweet annual bearing of 40 " variety test yield three of table 3

Table 3, sweet 40 with iron first No. 4 be contrast, carry out comparative variety trial in Zhangbei County Xi Shungou bases respectively, first Three experiments are carried out afterwards, are control with " first No. four of iron ", experiment is using the arrangement of random district's groups, 3 repetitions.By table 3 continuous three years Variety comparative test result equally show that " sweet 40 " ratio control " iron head " volume increase reaches the level of signifiance up to 7.8%；

8.2 pilot production

" sweet 40 " the multiple spot regional testing yield result of table 4

Table 4, is carried out continuously 2 years totally 5 testing sites, respectively in Zhangjiakou City Zhangbei County, Kangbao County, Shangyi, Guyuan, Chongli five County carries out pilot production, testing site area 333m²。

In sweet 21 be control, 2015 test result indicates that, no matter in which test block, sweet 40 yield is high Sweet 21 in.High yield cultivating method using the present invention in 2016 is planted to opening sweet 40, test result indicates that, identical examination Sweet 40 yield for testing area is above sweet 40 yield planted using commonsense method for 2015.

Meanwhile, continuous two annual of multiple spot regional testing (table 4) all than control volume increase 15.7%, 18.1%, is absolutely proved " production-increasing function of the sweet 40 " kind under matched breeding technology and cultivation technique.

9. resistance screening

" sweet 40 " on dam the plantation of proving ground normal year be showed no bolting phenomenon.The serious field of continuous cropping in Chongli County Between a situation arises and the extent of injury is investigated, normal field management natural occurrence, without chemical control after morbidity, disease Species has：Black rot, black spot, downy mildew.Investigation method uses " Z " font method, every time 75 plants of investigation.As shown in Table 5, exist " a sweet 40 " disease index is respectively 7.46,16.22,23.06.Show high black rot resistance, anti-black spot and resistance to downy mildew.

" sweet 40 " the disease resistance comparison sheet of table 5

10. the measure of physiological character

Dry matter content is determined using direct oven drying method；Contained using 2,6- dichloropheno-lindophenol titration measuring vitamin Cs Amount；The content of soluble protein is determined using Coomassie brilliant G-250 method

" a sweet 40 " kind dry matter content 5.57mg/g, not up to notable water lower by 7.48% than control 6.02mg/g Flat, water content is high, and cellulose is low, and quality is fresh, tender and crisp palatability is good；Vitamin C content 0.334mg/g, than control 0.300mg/ G is high by 11.33%, reaches the level of signifiance, and nutrition is high；The mg/g of soluble protein 0.637, it is higher by 22.50% than control 0.520mg/g, The pole level of signifiance is reached, protein nutrient is higher.(being shown in Table 6).

The physiological character comparision contents table (mg/g) of table 6

11. the measure of Agronomic trait

Maturity period is control with " first No. four of iron ", and investigation method uses " Z " font method, 15 plants of investigation every time.Measure wild cabbage Main 7 characters：Plant height, development degree, the outer number of sheets (piece), Dan Qiuchong, ball are high：Ball is wide, center pillar height, rhizome high.

As shown in table 7:" sweet 40 " kind plant height 30.19cm, than compare high, development degree 56.08cm, siphonal lobe 9-11 piece, Single ball weight 1.27kg, ball are high：Ball is wide=and 14.33:15.01st, the high 3.0cm of center pillar height 7.1cm, rhizome.

The Agronomic trait application form (cm) of table 7

Sweet 40 are can be seen that by above-mentioned contrast test, either in the side such as disease resistance, winter resistance, yield, character Face other kinds that compare have obvious advantage, are easy to penetration and promotion.

It should be noted that various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or to which part or all technical characteristic Carry out equivalent substitution；And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention skill The scope of art scheme.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

（1.1）Hole plate seedling growth：Typically in 4-5 month nursery, every mu of sowing quantity 35-50g, after matrix is pre-processed, cave is pressed in sabot, Acupoint depth 8-10mm is pressed, seed is placed in cave per 1, cave, matrix is enclosed, is struck off with flat board；

（1.2）Managing after sowing：Mulch film is thrown off in time when young shoot breaks ground, in order to avoid burn seedlings or growing high seedling, spray is poured when matrix is arid Or furrow are poured, seedling grows to 3 true leaves and imposes 0.3% urea, and seedling age can be colonized for 30 days or so；

（1.3）Field planting：When seedling length to 6-7 true leaves, you can move in carry out site preparation and fertilization before Field planting, field planting, use Plum blossom-shaped high-density planting method, every mu is planted 6000 plants or so；

（1.4）Field management

On the basis of farm manure is used sufficient, the every mu of urea 15-20 ㎏ that spread manuer in holes during field planting；Florescence prevents and treats pest and disease damage, into lotus throne In the later stage, the supply of rich water is increased, every mu chases after nitrogen, phosphorus, the ㎏ of K composite fertilizer 20, keeps soil moisture regime；

（1.5）Harvesting

It can be harvested when leaf-head wraps reality substantially, and outer layer ball leaf is shinny.

2. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1.1）It is in hole plate seedling growth Improve temperature and keep humidity, after planting the lid mulch film on furrow.

3. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1.3）Mu after middle site preparation Apply well-rotted farmyard manure 3000-4000 ㎏, the ㎏ of two ammonium 25.

4. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1.3）Also wrapped before field planting Include hardening.

5. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The specific method of the hardening is： Carry out low temperature hardening within 10 days or so before field planting, that is, increase the ventilation of canopy room, then gradually removing canopy film makes the temperature in seedbed Close to outside air temperature, when starting cooling, to make seedling not by freeze injury, 5 DEG C or so are typically rested in, 2-3 days can be complete before field planting Covering is thrown off entirely, it is adapted with being colonized the environment of field.

6. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1.3）Middle use opens ridge cultivation Training, Root growth or plastic film mulching cultivation, the width of furrow because of soil physico-chemical property, pour water condition and plantation density depending on.

7. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：When soil is sand soil, water During the poor plot of condition, it should which, using bedding cultivation is opened, furrow are answered narrow and short.

8. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：Ridging is answered when the viscous weight of soil soil property Cultivation, two rows are planted per ridge back, and cave is dug by distance between rows and hills dislocation during field planting, and band soil sticks together bright water field planting, and depth is so that rhizome portion to be buried It is defined, and by the soil compression of surrounding, so that root is contacted closely with soil, is survived with profit.

9. a kind of wild cabbage high yield cultivating method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：When early spring plants, ridging, and on ridge Upper covering film, so as to while ensureing to harvest ahead of time, improve yield and improve product quality, using plastic film mulching cultivation, Ying Jie Close and apply weeds in herbicide preventing and treating film.

10. a kind of wild cabbage original seed seeding technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1.4）Middle wild cabbage florescence The prevention and controls of main diseases and insect pests include：Physical control and chemical prevention.