CN109429954A - The alternating method of strawberry and rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, provide the alternating method of a kind of strawberry and rice, and this method includes that the operation of rice is planted after planting strawberry；Wherein, the operation for planting rice includes using paddy drought seedling, in conjunction with the operation of wide narrow row trickle irrigation cultivation.The alternating method of strawberry provided by the invention and rice can well solve continuous cropping obstacle caused by strawberry continuous cropping, it can not only delay or eliminate the continuous cropping obstacles such as the soil salinity characters due to caused by facility strawberry continuous cropping, nutrient imbalance, soil-borne disease insect pest be serious, and land utilization ratio is improved, increase economic benefit.

Description

The alternating method of strawberry and rice

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, in particular to the alternating method of a kind of strawberry and rice.

Background technique

Strawberry is the herbaceos perennial for belonging to rosaceae Fragaria, is universally acknowledged fruit queen, every hectogram grass 50-100 containing vitamin C milligrams of the certain kind of berries, than apple, high 10 times of grape or more, there is very high nutritive value, it is deep to be disappeared by vast Expense person likes.

Changping District, Beijing is located at 40 degree of north latitude, is the best grown place for producing strawberry, and Changping strawberry is known as " the capital spring first Fruit " not only has the characteristics that short growth cycle, manageability, planting benefit are high, quick, and strawberry nutrition it is abundant, it is sour-sweet can Mouth, aromatic flavour, it has also become the situation of selling well gift during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival.

Therefore, strawberry economic benefit is higher, and the market competitiveness is strong, occupies an important position in modern plant.Strawberry Industry has become one of the pillar industry of Changping strategy of agricultural development.

Strawberry cultivating has a common saying to be called " 1 year good, and 2 years flat, just not all right by 3 years ".It is true also really in this way, I Plantation from year to year, germ is also in accumulation from year to year.Especially in the strawberry production in fixed greenhouse, due to long-term Continuous crop strawberry will cause growth and sprawling, soil property severe exacerbation, soil physico-chemical property, the rhizosphere microorganism group of pest and disease damage Deterioration, strawberry autotoxicity phenomenon, make strawberry easy infection root rot, wilt disease, verticillium wilt, damping-off, nematodiasis and blight etc. A variety of soil-borne diseases or rhizome disease occur serious.

At present Changping sunlight greenhouse strawberry production area it is larger, production area Relatively centralized, each place of production productive life also compared with It is long, it is most of to have produced 10 years or more, during long-time produces, it is primarily present following three major issues: first, continuous kind It plants monocrop and forms expendable soil environment；Second, heavier problem occurs for pest and disease damage；The safety in production of third, strawberry is asked Topic.Above-mentioned three problems have seriously affected the production of sunlight greenhouse strawberry, cause the residual exceeded, quality of yield decline, agriculture to reduce, warp Ji benefit glides atrophy, the decline of peasant planting enthusiasm, no longer cultivated etc. as a result, being unfavorable for the sustainable development of local agricultural year by year.

Subject to conditions and economic interests to drive, strawberry carries out always continuous cropping production.Continuous cropping Strawberry Growth is bad, Plant is mainly manifested in plant height decline, and the number of blade is reduced, and biomass decline, the primary growth stages such as budding, bloom obviously fall behind In crop rotation strawberry, and in the phase of yielding positive results, with the increase that nutriment consumes in the raising of temperature and plant, continuous cropping strawberry Growth and development state sharply deteriorates, and yellow occurs in aerial part, wilts and the symptoms such as withered, make the productive potentialities of strawberry year by year under Drop.Less serious case's underproduction 30%~50%, severe one total crop failure total crop failure, causes massive losses to strawberry production, continuous cropping obstacle serious prestige The sustainable development of facility strawberry production is coerced.

Currently, prevention and treatment strawberry continuous cropping obstacle has following several method in production: (1) selecting the stronger kind of disease resistance.(2) Change continuous cropping and be made as rotation system, rotates crops within 1 year one as far as possible, with other crop efficent rotations.But a lot of crop varieties are not suitable for and grass Certain kind of berries crop rotation (such as solanaceous crops identical with strawberry pest and disease damage, such as spring eggplant, eggplant), select which kind of rotation crop to need a large amount of Work.(3) surface soil is replaced, is generally suitable for Protectorate cultivation.The soil of 30~40cm depth on continuous cropping ridge is scooped away, it is again objective into fertilizer Fertile surface soil.(4) applying organic manure, and deep plough and improve soil physical and chemical property and fertility.(5) solar energy high temperature sterilizes.(6) chemical drugs Agent disinfection.

But above six kinds of sterilization methods all cut both ways.The strawberry of disease-resistant Europe system is planted in Changping area, and strawberry fruit is inclined Acid, inferior quality are not suitable for citizen's picking.Strawberry profession growing area arable land is nervous, can fall without ground substantially.Soil removal and replacement workload is very Greatly, soil removal and replacement is taken a lot of work again arduously in greenhouse, and is unfavorable for the raising of soil fertility.Soil disinfection is carried out with chloropicrin, it is necessary to Professional is asked to operate, technical requirements are higher, and cost is also high, also will cause pollution environment.It is carried out disinfection using solar energy method, This method was not only economical, but also pollution-free, convenient for operation；But Disinfection Effect is influenced by weather again, encounters successive cloudy days, Disinfection Effect It will be undesirable.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present inventor is led to by a large amount of work discovery It crosses strawberry and rice crop rotation, the generation of strawberry cropping disease can be substantially reduced, improve the yield and quality of strawberry, to solve Determined production in continuous cropping obstacle.

The present invention provides the alternating methods of a kind of strawberry and rice, and the method includes planting water after planting strawberry The operation of rice；Wherein, the operation of the plantation rice includes using paddy drought seedling, the operation cultivated in conjunction with wide, narrow row trickle irrigation.

In a preferred embodiment, the operation of the paddy drought seedling, which is included in, starts to educate rice seedling late March The operation of seedling；

Preferably, it is 400m that the operation for educating rice seedling, which includes according to a floor area,²Standard canopy room uses kind of a rice The operation of the amount breeding of the kind amount 0.8-1kg, preferably 0.9kg of paddy；

It is further preferred that the breeding includes using being sowed in hole tray after water seed soaking, 3 kinds are put in every cave Son, the operation then sprinkled profoundly water；

It is further preferred that the seedling age of rice seedling is 28-32 days；

It is further preferred that transplanting first 3 days are sprayed pest control using imidacloprid；1-2 days before transplanting, with 20% tricyclic 750 times of liquid of azoles spray seedling, to prevent rice blast.

In a preferred embodiment, wide, the cultivation of narrow row trickle irrigation the operation includes:

By east-west direction, from an installation drip irrigation pipe of canopy room, water dropper spacing 8-12cm, the wide row of drip irrigation pipe is away from for 35- 45cm, narrow row is away from for 15-25cm.

In a preferred embodiment, strawberry cultivating carries out in facility canopy room；

Virus-free strawberry seedling is selected, the requirement of strawberry seedling maternal plant is short strong, and stem thickness has 4-5 piece or the above leaf, root system complete It is whole, there are more new root, no disease and pests harm；

Strawberry cultivating includes the operation of fertilising bedding, and the operation of the fertilising bedding includes:

In conjunction with plowed soils, according to applying decomposed high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, mistake after at least ploughing twice per acre It rakes；

Make strawberry furrow, the furrow bottom width 60-70cm of the strawberry furrow, the wide 35-45cm of furrow face, furrow height with width 80-120cm 35-40cm, furrow spacing 30-40cm, the trend of furrow are North and South direction；

After strawberry furrow are carried out, a piece drip irrigation pipe of paving among every furrow face, water dropper spacing 8-12cm, and the other end of drip irrigation pipe It is fixed in furrow face.

In a preferred embodiment, strawberry cultivating include from strawberry seedling select well developed root system, no disease and pests harm, New stem thickness degree 0.5cm or more, there is operation of the stolon seedling of the current year pumping of 4-5 piece young leaves as current year's production seedling；

Production seedling is transplanted to mid-September at the bottom of August；

Preferably, be promote slow seedling, transplanting cloudy day carry out, with rise with cultivation；

It is determined by 6000-8000 plants per acre and produces seed density in planting, every two row of ridge cultivation is colonized by triangle disposition；Produce seedling Spacing in the rows is 18-22cm；

Production seedling field planting the previous day carries out coverage shading with sunshade net, and strawberry furrow is poured once permeable；Produce seedling field planting When make the strawberry back of a bow outwardly, and make root system full extension in planting pit, depth with banket water heavy reality after the seedling heart be slightly above Native table is advisable；After the completion of full canopy field planting, then primary small water is poured, to promote soil heavy real, accelerates strawberry living, sprayed daily with micro- spray 2-3 water mist sprays 1 minute, every time for cooling down and increasing indoor humidity, to improve production shoot survival percent；

After strawberry production seedling survives, every weekly selection fine day morning pours a water, and to keep the humidity of soil, and polishing is raw in time Produce seedling.

In a preferred embodiment, strawberry cultivating includes the operation for covering canopy film: when the extraneous lowest temperature is in 8- Start to cover canopy film heat preservation at 10 DEG C, it is preferred to use PO film or without dripping long-lived film；

Preferably, the previous day of canopy film is covered, a water is first poured, is opened to the maximum uptake after covering canopy film, bottom air port Open 50cm or so；As weather turns cold, air port is gradually reduced；Temperature on average is at 0 DEG C or so, the canopy film grave in lower air port Sternly；

Preferably, unregistered land film or two facial mask of black and white are selected, in November the just spreading on strawberry furrow；Before spreading, An old leaf is first made a call to, then pours a water, the preferably spreading after 10 points, in order to avoid the blade that damage is too many；Mulch will be as far as possible Pave whole, strawberry is all dug out, especially inflorescence and growing point have to expose outside film；

Preferably, when temperature on average is at 0 DEG C or so, canopy room heat preservation is covered；

Preferably, for every plant of strawberry in addition to main bud, the lateral bud of choosing stalwartness and North and South direction retains 1-2, other lateral buds are same It extracts；

Preferably, it is put into honeybee within 5-6 days before strawberry blooms, putting a beehive with 0.5 mu of ground is advisable；

Preferably, 10 above functions leaves are stayed for every plant, extract dead leaf, old leaf, stolon and shortening stem paraclade in time, Flower thinning is carried out at the entire florescence, starts expanding stage in young fruit and carries out fruit thinning, each scape stays 1 top fruit, 3-4 side fruit, removes Carpopodium is short, spends small, fruit unloose or lopsided flowers and fruits and disease pest fruit；

Preferably, moisturizing is carried out using under-film drip irrigation form, left and right is poured water once every other week after spreading, is poured water every time 1-2 tons/400m², preferably pour water in the morning of fine day；Indoor humidity is larger after strawberry is poured water, and first has to close canopy temperature raising, to the greatest extent It is fast to improve and restore ground temperature, when higher to noon room temperature, the small air port 10cm is first put, waits and leaks informaton after twenty minutes, then is carried out Leak informaton greatly hydrofuge；

Preferably, strawberry production seedling imposes N, P with water from field planting to blooming₂O₅、K₂The weight ratio of O is the flat of 20:20:20 Weigh fertilizer 1.8-2.2kg/400m²；In fruit expanding period and maturity period, N, P are imposed with water₂O₅、K₂The weight ratio of O is 15:10:35 High potash fertilizer 3.5-4.5kg/400m², fair weather carries out weekly once.

In a preferred embodiment, the epidemic disaster management of strawberry cultivating operates as follows:

When strawberry 30% shows flower bud, epidemic disaster is controlled are as follows: 25-28 DEG C of daytime, 10-15 DEG C of night, air humidity 65%- 75%；When strawberry 30% blooms, epidemic disaster is controlled are as follows: 23-25 DEG C of daytime, 8-10 DEG C of night, air humidity 35%-45%； Control the epidemic disaster of Fruit and maturity period are as follows: 20-25 DEG C of daytime, 5-8 DEG C of night, air humidity 60%-70%；

The management of leaking informaton of strawberry cultivating operates as follows:

After the sun rises in the morning, pull open insulation quilt first, then etc. upper one hour, then uptake opens 0.8-1.2cm's Air port was closed after 8-12 minutes in air port；

It is preferred that using three sections of principles leaked informaton, i.e., " small-big-small-to close ", when room temperature rises to 28 DEG C, first open 8- The small air port 12cm when room temperature drops to 25 DEG C, then increases the amount of leaking informaton；If temperature, which continues to rise, further increases air port, 11 points of noon or so the high air ports Shi Kai great of temperature；Gradually reduce the mouth that leaks informaton in the afternoon, the pass when the indoor temperature of canopy is down to 20 DEG C Uptake；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of strawberry cultivating operates as follows:

Since November, using the small peaceful acarid control red spider in California, reaching the basic guarantee every plant of strawberry that is averaged has 16- The injected volume of the small peaceful mite in 20 Californias；

Canopy every first hangs 30 efficient trap type Huang plates and traps and kills aphid, when both ends or more occurs in every yellow plate When aphid, every canopy launches 50 harmonia axyridia ovum cards, about 1000 harmonia axyridia ovum every time；After two weeks, it launches second；

Every canopy prevents and treats gray mold with Bravo fumigant 180-220g；

The entire growth period of strawberry production seedling all hangs sulphur tank, places 25-35g sulphur powder in tank every time, uses at dusk Sulphur tank is 3.5-4.5 hours stifling, smoked primary every 2-4 days, to prevent and treat powdery mildew；

It after the first tenday period of a month in May harvest strawberry, uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested immediately, canopy film is not removed, and only upper and lower air port is all got to most Greatly；

First according to 400m²Canopy room water 2 tons and pour primary small water, it is wet furrow face soil is spread and sunk in, strawberry is connected root and ground Partial cauline leaf removes together；After the indoor cauline leaf of canopy is all removed completely, strawberry furrow are abolished, plough soil twice, it is smooth Soil in canopy room.

In a preferred embodiment, using rice varieties precocious, disease-resistant, that yielding ability is good, on May, the middle ten days will The rice seedling cultivated carries out rice transplanting in canopy room, carries out by the density of equal hill spacing 28-32cm, 3 plants of every cave rice seedlings balled transplanting Field planting, is transplanted in the strawberry canopy room put in order；Every floor area 400m²Canopy room with 4200-4600 plants of seedling；Field planting is completed It is poured water immediately with trickle irrigation afterwards, so that wet soil, pours 2 tons of seedling recovering waters after a week, then do not water in 15 days, promote root System is lower to prick；It is always maintained at ground moistening later；Transplanting in 15-20 days finishes rice in may.

In a preferred embodiment, every canopy waters 8-12 tons when rice is colonized, and can pour a 1.8-2.2 after a week The seedling recovering water of ton；After two weeks, 4-6 tons of water is poured in rice plant of tillering stage；

A rich water is chased after when 8 leaves of heading stage, imposes urea 4.5-5.5kg and potassium chloride 2-3kg per acre；Pustulation period chases after again Rich water, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15-0.25kg is watered 25kg foliage-spray per acre.

In a preferred embodiment, selection germination percentage height, full rice paddy seed carry out medicine before formal sowing Agent seed soaking, every 10kg seed use 25% P applied levels missible oil 3mL, convert into 600-800 times of liquid and soak seed 2 hours, dislike for preventing and treating Seedling diseases；

Rice booting heading stage Frontline, chlopyrifos, imidacloprid mix anti-planthopper, rice leaf roller, striped rice borer；Use well The anti-banded sclerotial blight of hilllock mycin, triadimefon, false smut；60kg is watered using 45% tricyclazole wettable powder 110g and prevents and treats rice blast by spraying Disease；

Rice harvesting the last week does not rewater, and is in yellow to 95% or more glume of rice, and grain sizing is hardened, and the grain of rice is in saturating It is gathered in when bright shape；

Before September 5 by rice harvesting after, 28-32cm, preferably 30cm depth of first plowing, rotary tillage two after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up 5 days Time, and next round farming is carried out after the root system of straw is picked.

The alternating method of strawberry provided by the invention and rice can well solve the barrier of continuous cropping caused by strawberry continuous cropping Hinder, it is serious can not only to delay or eliminate the soil salinity characters due to caused by facility strawberry continuous cropping, nutrient imbalance, soil-borne disease insect pest Equal continuous cropping obstacles, and land utilization ratio is improved, increase economic benefit.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be in following specific embodiment part detailed description.

Specific embodiment

To keep technical solution of the present invention, objects and advantages clearer, below by specific implementation example to this hair It is bright to be described in further detail.It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for describing and explaining this Invention, is not intended to restrict the invention.

In order to solve continuous cropping obstacle caused by strawberry continuous cropping, land utilization ratio is improved, is increased economic efficiency, grower is increased Income, the present invention provides the alternating methods of a kind of strawberry and rice.

The alternating method of strawberry provided by the invention and rice includes the operation that rice is planted after planting strawberry；Its In, the operation for planting rice includes using paddy drought seedling, in conjunction with the operation of wide narrow row trickle irrigation cultivation.

The alternating method of strawberry and rice that preferred embodiment of the invention provides is described below in detail.

One, the plantation of strawberry operates as follows:

(1), strawberry is colonized

Strawberry cultivating carries out in facility canopy room (greenhouse).

In the present invention, if the floor area of facility canopy room (or referred to as canopy room) is 400m without specified otherwise²。

1, breeding is planted in choosing

Select virus-elimination seedlings: maternal plant requirement is short strong, and stem thickness has 4-5 piece or the above leaf, and root system is complete, has more new Root, no disease and pests harm.

Preferably selected in actual production bud differentiation it is early, it is cold-resistant, high yield, kind best in quality.Such as " beauty ", " Christmas It is red " etc..The main breed of " beauty " as strawberry accounts for 90% or more of Changping plantation market, the mature early, growth potential of the kind By force, fruit is of fine quality greatly, yielding ability is good and sweet and sour taste, is suitble to picking.

2, fertilising bedding

In conjunction with plowed soils, according to applying decomposed high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, mistake after at least ploughing twice per acre It rakes.

Make strawberry furrow (that is, the occupied ground width of each strawberry furrow, including the space between furrow with width 80-120cm For 80-120cm), the furrow bottom width of strawberry furrow can be 60-70cm, and wide furrow face can be 35-45cm, and furrow height can be 35- 40cm, furrow spacing can be 30-40cm, and the trend of furrow is North and South direction.

Specifically, with the range between any one or two in 80,90,100,110 and 120cm of width, such as 80- 100cm, 90-110cm or 100-120cm, preferably 100cm make strawberry furrow；Furrow bottom width can be 60,62,64,65,66,68 and The range between any one or two in 70cm, such as 60-64cm, 62-66cm or 64-70cm, preferably 65cm；Furrow face is wide It can be the range between any one or two in 35,37,39,40,42,44 and 45cm, such as 35-40cm, 39-42cm Or 40-45cm, preferably 40cm；Furrow height can be the model between any one or two in 35,36,37,38,39 and 40cm It encloses, such as 35-37cm, 36-38cm or 37-40cm, preferably 38cm；Furrow spacing can be 30,32,34,35,36,38 and 40cm In any one or two between range, such as 30-34cm, 32-36cm or 35-40cm, preferably 35cm.

After furrow are carried out, suitably furrow face is clapped with spade.Then a drip irrigation pipe, water dropper spacing 8- are spread among every furrow face 12cm (such as can be the range between any one or two in 8,9,10,11 and 12cm, such as 8-10cm, 9-11cm Or 10-12cm, preferably 10cm), and it is made into U-clamp with iron wire, the other end of drip irrigation pipe is fixed in furrow face.

3, production seedling selection

Well developed root system, no disease and pests harm, new stem thickness degree 0.5cm or more are selected, there is the stolon of the current year pumping of 4-5 piece young leaves Seedling is as current year's production seedling.

4, transplantation of seedlings is played

Strawberry is transplanted after starting germination differentiation.It can be transplanted at the bottom of general August to mid-September.It is slow to promote Seedling, transplanting be preferably chosen at cloudy progress, with rise with cultivation.Ventilation and heat is paid attention in transit, and exposure is put in anti-extrusion.

By 6000-8000 plants per acre (such as can for 6000,6200,6400,6600,6800,7000,7200,7400, 7600, any one in 7800 and 8000 plants or the range between two, for example, 6000-7000 plants, 7200-8000 plants, 6600-7400 plants or 6800-7800 plants) determine that production seed density in planting, every two row of ridge cultivation are colonized by triangle disposition.According to life Produce the size of seedling, spacing in the rows be that 18-22cm (such as can be between any one or two in 18,19,20,21 and 22cm Range, such as 18-20cm, 19-21cm or 20-22cm, preferably 20cm).Field planting the previous day with shading rate 50% or so (such as Sunshade net 45-55%) carries out coverage shading, and strawberry furrow is poured primary permeable.When field planting one it is noted that the strawberry back of a bow outwardly； Two it is noted that field planting depth, when plant make root system full extension in planting pit, depth with banket water heavy reality after the seedling heart it is slightly higher Yu Tubiao is advisable.To accomplish when field planting it is deep do not bury the heart, shallowly not crab rooting；Third is that after the completion of full canopy field planting, then primary small water is poured, to promote It is heavy real into soil, accelerate strawberry living；Fourth is that 2-3 water mist is sprayed with micro- spray daily, every time spray 1 minute, for cooling down after field planting With increase indoor humidity, to improve production shoot survival percent.

After strawberry production seedling survives, general every weekly selection fine day morning pours a water, to keep the humidity of soil.And pay attention to wanting Timely polishing produces seedling.

(2), field management

1, it tillage and weeding: during slow seedling, often waters, the soil of strawberry furrow face is very hardened, is also easy to long weeds. With small iron wire rake the soil rake pine of furrow seedling, and grass is extracted in the case where not injuring Strawberry Seedlings root system.

2, extract old leaf and stolon: strawberry was colonized after half a month, it is seen that Strawberry Leaves have guttation, and root system is taken root tightly It is real, it can suitably extract old leaf, sick leaf and stolon.

3, it covers canopy film: starting to cover canopy film heat preservation when the extraneous lowest temperature is at 8-10 DEG C, generally mid-October is left It is right, it is preferred to use the high PO film of light transmittance (polyolefin film, polyolefin film) or without dripping long-lived film.Cover the previous of canopy film It, first pours a clear water, can open to the maximum uptake after covering canopy film, 50cm or so is opened in bottom air port.As weather turns cold, wind Mouth is gradually reduced.Late Novenber, temperature on average (China Meteorological platform announce daily mean temperature, similarly hereinafter) at 0 DEG C or so, The canopy film grave in lower air port is tight.

4, covering with ground sheeting

Unregistered land film or two facial mask of black and white is selected the plastic film mulch time to be determined, generally ten according to plant growth condition and temperature Start spreading at the beginning of one month.Before plastic film mulch, an old leaf suitably first is made a call to, then pour a water, the preferably spreading after 10 points, in order to avoid Damage too many blade.Mulch will be paved whole as far as possible, strawberry all be dug out, especially inflorescence and growing point is certain Expose outside film.

5, covering and heat insulating quilt

Canopy room heat preservation is covered by the middle ten days and the last ten days in November, temperature on average at 0 DEG C or so.

6, lateral bud is selected and remain

For every plant of strawberry in addition to main bud, the lateral bud of choosing stalwartness and North and South direction retains 1-2, other lateral buds are extractd without exception.

7, honeybee pollination

It is put into honeybee within 5-6 days before flowering, putting a beehive with 0.5 mu of ground is advisable.It never sprays during putting bee, must such as spray Medicine need to move on to beehive outside canopy before spray, and the latter week that sprays again moves into beehive in canopy room.

8, plant management and flower and fruit thinning

Every plant is stayed 10 above functions leaves.Dead leaf, old leaf, stolon and shortening stem paraclade are extractd in time.Entire flower Phase can carry out flower thinning, and fruit thinning, which should start expanding stage in young fruit, to carry out, and each scape stays 1 top fruit, 3-4 side fruit, removes fruit Obstruct it is short, spend small, fruit unloose or lopsided flowers and fruits and disease pest fruit.

9, water and fertilizer management

Strawberry is shallow root system crop, and most of Root Distribution is in 20cm shallow soil layer, and blade is more, transpiration rate is big, to soil Reaction of moisture is sensitive, happiness humidity and flood afraid of water.Soil is advisable with keeping the 70% of field capacity；Fruit expanding period demand is most It is more, up to 80% or more.

Strawberry carries out moisturizing using under-film drip irrigation form.Left and right is poured water once every other week after usual spreading, is filled every time 1-2 tons/400m of water², pour water and be preferably selected in the morning of fine day.Indoor humidity is larger after strawberry is poured water, and first has to close canopy temperature raising, as early as possible Improve and restore ground temperature.When higher to noon room temperature, the small air port 10cm is first put, waits and leaks informaton after twenty minutes, then carried out big Leak informaton hydrofuge.

For strawberry production seedling from field planting to bloom (this is first stage), this period is more steady to the absorption of nutrient, can N, P are imposed with water₂O₅、K₂O weight ratio is the balance fertilizer 1.8-2.2kg/400m of 20:20:20², preferably 2kg/400m²(with N, P₂O₅、K₂The weight ratio that O is calculated)；The balance fertilizer can be the Christmas tree purchased from the gloomy agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd sale of Beijing Foote Board water solubility balance fertilizer.Second stage is fruit expanding period and maturity period, therefore plant absorbs and the nutrient of consumption is more, N, P can be imposed with water₂O₅、K₂O weight ratio is the high potash fertilizer 3.5-4.5kg/400m of 15:10:35², preferably 4kg/400m²(with N, P₂O₅、K₂The weight ratio that O is calculated), fair weather carries out weekly once；The high potash fertilizer can be for purchased from the gloomy agriculture section of Beijing Foote The Christmas tree board high water solubility potash fertilizer of skill Co., Ltd sale.

10, epidemic disaster management

Strawberry likes warm cold air and waits, and in process of production, temperature needed for different growthdevelopmental stages is different.Strawberry cauline leaf Growing thermophilic is 20-30 DEG C, and it is 20-25 DEG C that photosynthetic functions of strawberry, which acts on thermophilic, and flower bud differentiation period preference temperature is 10-20 DEG C.Strawberry It is stringenter to air humidity requirement, generally in relative humidity 80% hereinafter, florescence requires the relative humidity of 40%-60%.It wants According to the case where weather at that time and the specific growth period of strawberry, to adjust the indoor epidemic disaster of canopy.

When strawberry 30% shows flower bud (i.e. 30% strawberry has bud), suitable epidemic disaster are as follows: 25-28 DEG C of daytime, 10-15 DEG C of night, air humidity 70% or so (such as 65%-75%) is conducive to the growth of strawberry cauline leaf.When strawberry 30% opens When flower (i.e. 30% strawberry has the flowers are in blossom to put), suitable epidemic disaster are as follows: 23-25 DEG C of daytime, 8-10 DEG C of night, air is wet Spend 40% or so (such as 35%-45%).Above-mentioned temperature and humidity is conducive to the pollination and fertilization of strawberry.Fruit and maturation The suitable epidemic disaster of phase are as follows: 20-25 DEG C of daytime, 5-8 DEG C of night, air humidity 60%-70%.Fruit and maturity period are such as Fruit temperature is excessively high, humidity is excessive, and it is small, of poor quality to will cause berry, is easy to catch an illness rotten；Temperature is too low, and strawberry fertility is slow, holds Easy freezing berry, postpones Time To Market.

Correct canopy room leak informaton management be strawberry high yield essential condition.Therefore temperature management will in time, and measure will be in place. Daylight is sufficient, and temperature is high, canopy room daytime, the control of night temperature in reasonable range, prevents " fluctuated ".

Under normal circumstances, after the sun rises in the morning, first have to pull open insulation quilt, then etc. upper one hour, then uptake Open the air port of 1cm or so (such as 0.8-1.2cm), 10 minutes or so (such as 8-12 minutes) closing air ports.If when fine day on daytime, General 10:30 can reach 28-30 DEG C later in canopy room, it should be noted that leak informaton in time.Three sections of principles leaked informaton are used at this time, i.e., " small-big-small-to close ", when room temperature rises to 28 DEG C, first opens the small air port 10cm or so (such as 8-12cm), small air port is put Wind can not only cool down, but also can also exclude pernicious gas with hydrofuge；When room temperature drops to 25 DEG C, then increase the amount of leaking informaton； If temperature, which continues to rise, further increases air port, 11 points of noon or so the high air ports Shi Kai great of temperature；Afternoon is gradually the mouth that leaks informaton It reduces, shuts air port when the indoor temperature of canopy is down to 20 DEG C.If it is the cloudy day, general noon opens small air port and leaks informaton 10-20 points Clock.

(3), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

According to the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", to kill pathogen, worm sources are attached most importance to, using cultural control as base Plinth carries out the prevention and treatment of strawberry pest and disease damage supplemented by chemical prevention.

Diseases of Strawberry mainly has powdery mildew and gray mold；Insect pest mainly has red spider and aphid.It, can to guarantee food safety Since November, monthly (canopy room floor area is 400m to every canopy², similarly hereinafter) and the small peaceful mite in 5 bottles of Californias is launched, reach basic guarantor The injected volume that average every plant of strawberry has the small peaceful mite in 16-20 California is demonstrate,proved, prevention and treatment red spider can be obtained good effect.Prevent and treat aphid Worm can first use measure of biotic control.For example, every canopy can hang 30 efficient trap type Huang plates first and lure aphid adult It kills, when there are both ends and the above aphid on every yellow plate, every canopy launches 50 harmonia axyridia ovum cards (every ovum card about 20 every time Ovum), about 1000 harmonia axyridia ovum.At dusk or harmonia axyridia ovum card is suspended on aphid and caused harm near sites by early morning, so as to After larvae hatch, feeding to prey, hanging position direct sunlight can should be avoided as early as possible, be discharged again after 2 weeks second；Heterochromatic wooden dipper Each worm state of worm is very sensitive to insecticidal/acaricidal agent, therefore preferably avoids in 15 days using desinsection before and after discharging harmonia axyridia Acaricide.

Canopy indoor humidity is big, it is therefore desirable to keypoint control gray mold and powdery mildew.Grey mold can be prevented and treated with Bravo fumigant Disease；Specifically, can according to every canopy (canopy room floor area be 400m²) 180-220g is discharged, the preferably dosage of 200g is prevented It controls.

The entire growth period of strawberry production seedling can all hang sulphur tank, place 25-35g, preferably 30g sulphur in tank every time Powder, it is 3.5-4.5 hours stifling with sulphur tank at dusk, it is preferably 4 hours, smoked primary every 2-4 days, to prevent and treat powdery mildew.

(4), strawberry harvests

Strawberry is harvested in time.Different harvest maturity is determined according to season difference, in December current year to secondary Mid-February in year is advisable with ninety percent ripe harvesting；It is advisable in March next year to April with medium well harvesting；May next year is with seventy percent Ripe harvesting is preferred.

(5), it levels land

The first tenday period of a month in May, strawberry are uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested immediately after all harvesting.Canopy film is not removed, and only upper and lower air port is all got to It is maximum.

Primary small water is first poured (i.e. according to 400m²2 tons of canopy room irrigation amount watering), it is wet furrow face soil is spread and sunk in, strawberry It extracts, all transports outside canopy, concentration is dealt carefully with together with the cauline leaf of root and aerial part.The indoor cauline leaf of canopy is all removed After clean, manually or mechanical breaking strawberry furrow, ploughed twice with small-size rotary tiller, soil in smooth canopy room.

(6) drip irrigation pipe is installed

According to the east-west direction of canopy room, from an installation drip irrigation pipe, water dropper spacing 8-12cm.The wide row of drip irrigation pipe away from for 35-45cm, narrow row are alternately installed away from for 15-25cm；Wherein, wide row is away from referring to trickle irrigation adjacent between two neighboring furrow Spacing between pipe, narrow row is away from the spacing between two drip irrigation pipes referred on a furrow.For anti-weeds, by east-west direction, The upper surface of drip irrigation pipe, full canopy spread black mulch film；The specification of black mulch film can be thick for 2.5m wide, 0.015cm.

Specifically, water dropper spacing can be the range between any one or two in 8,9,10,11 and 12cm, such as 8-10cm, 9-11cm or 10-12cm, preferably 10cm.The wide row of drip irrigation pipe is away from can be in 35,37,39,40,42,44 and 45cm Any one or two between range, such as 35-40cm, 39-44cm or 40-45cm, preferably 40cm；Narrow row is away from can be 15, any one in 17,19,20,22,24 and 25cm or the range between two, such as 15-20cm, 19-24cm or 20- 25cm, preferably 20cm.

Two, Rice Cropping

Rice Cropping uses dry rice seedling drip irrigation cultivation technology, operates as follows:

1, suitable rice varieties are selected

It is preferred that selecting the rice varieties precocious, disease-resistant, yielding ability is good.Such as the high-grade rice kind rice fragrance of a flower 2 can be selected Number (authorization of Jilin in 2016, number: the careful rice 2016011 of Ji, lucky agriculture product examine word [2016] 002), or selection Guangdong Province's agriculture The high-grade rice kind Huang Huazhan of rice research institute, industry academy of sciences breeding (rice 2005010 is examined in Guangdong).

2, rice hole plate dry rice seedling

Start late March to educate rice seedling, a floor area is 400m²The kind amount 0.8- of standard canopy room kind of paddy 1kg (preferably 0.9kg) is sowed in hole tray (can use 218 hole hole trays) after (20 ± 5 DEG C) of warm water seed soaking, and every cave puts 3 Grain seed, then sprinkles profoundly water, seedling age 28-32 days (preferably 30 days) of rice seedling.Four leaf of rice seedling wholeheartedly when rice transplanting.It moves It plants first 3 days and pest control is sprayed using imidacloprid.1-2 days before transplanting, seedling is sprayed with 20% 750 times of liquid of tricyclazole, prevents rice blast Disease.

3, rice transplanting

On May, the middle ten days rice seedling cultivated is subjected to rice transplanting in canopy room, (such as can be with by equal hill spacing 28-32cm For the range between any one or two in 28,29,30,31 and 32cm, such as 28-30cm or 30-32cm, preferably Density 30cm), 3 plants of every cave rice seedlings balled transplanting are colonized, and are transplanted in the strawberry canopy room put in order.Every canopy room ( Face area 400m²) with seedling 4200-4600 plants of (such as any one in 4200,4300,4400,4500 and 4600 plants or two Between range, such as 4200-4400 plants, 4300-4500 plants or 4400-4600 plants, preferably 4400 plants).It is vertical after the completion of field planting It is poured water with trickle irrigation, specifically drips and have to drop thoroughly (so that wet soil, that is, " every canopy (ground face when field planting described below Product 400m²) 10 tons of watering "), 2 tons of seedling recovering waters are poured after a week, are not then watered in 15 days, promote to prick under root system.After It is always maintained at ground moistening.Because crops for rotation arrange tightly, rice will finish in transplanting in 15-20 days in may.

4, fertilizer and water management

Because preceding stubble is strawberry, soil fertility is more fertile, and strawberry production uses rear remaining fertilizer, substantially can satisfy Rice Production Demand, may not need additional application fertilizer.

In several critical periods of paddy growth, to strengthen management.Rice every canopy (floor area 400m when being colonized²) watering 8- 12 tons (preferably 10 tons)；The seedling recovering water of one time 1.8-2.2 tons (preferably 2 tons) can be poured after a week；After two weeks, in rice plant of tillering stage Pour the water of one time 4-6 tons (preferably 5 tons).A rich water is chased after when 8 leaves of heading stage, imposes urea 4.5-5.5kg per acre (preferably 5kg) and potassium chloride 2-3kg (preferably 2.5kg).Pustulation period chases after a rich water again, phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen 0.15-0.25kg per acre (preferably 0.2kg) is watered 25kg foliage-spray.

4, disease pest and weed is prevented and treated

Medicament soaked seed can prevent multiple diseases perhaps when sowing.Germination percentage height, full seed are selected, before formal sowing Medicament soaked seed is carried out, specifically, every 10kg seed is newborn using the P applied levels of 25% (that is, effective component Prochloraz content 250g/L) Oily 3mL converts into 600-800 times of liquid and soaks seed 2 hours, is mainly used to prevent and treat bakanae disease.

Rice booting heading stage is the critical period of rice pest prevention and treatment, can be mixed anti-with Frontline, chlopyrifos, imidacloprid Planthopper, rice leaf roller, striped rice borer etc., with jinggangmycin, the anti-banded sclerotial blight of triadimefon, false smut etc..Using 45% tricyclazole Wettable powder 110g is watered 60kg and prevents and treats rice blast by spraying.

The above pest and disease damage answers optimum period prevention, advocates bionomic control, according to circumstances reduces chemical agent use to the greatest extent.

5, harvesting in due course

Harvesting the last week does not rewater.General 95% or more glume of rice is in yellow, and grain sizing is hardened, and the grain of rice is transparent Shape can gather in.

6, rice harvesting post-processes

Before September 5, after rice harvesting, the 28-32cm that first plows (such as can be 28,29,30,31 and 32cm In any one or two between range, preferably 30cm) it is deep, sun the earth which has been ploughed up 5 days, revolved twice with rotary cultivator, and the root of straw System picks.After September 10, carry out next round farming (starting the strawberry cultivating of a new round).

The alternating method of strawberry provided by the invention and rice, it is wide, narrow using paddy drought seedling after planting strawberry Row trickle irrigation simplified cultivation the Integration of Water into Fertilizer plants rice, and the purpose that water-saving increasing grain increases income may be implemented.

Paddy drought seedling is a kind of novel water-saving high-yield and high-efficiency agricultural technology, rice in conjunction with wide, narrow row drip irrigation cultivation technology With hole tray dry rice seedling technology, rice shoot can be made short strong, root activity is strong, and root of hair is fast after cultivation, and tiller is vigorous, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, can early plant It is early to receive；Black mulch film is covered when field planting, can be given preserving soil moisture, be avoided reducing labor intensity to rice weeding；Wide, narrow row is planted Training improves rice field ventilation and penetrating light and photosynthetic rate, mitigates disease, accelerates dry-matter accumulation；Trickle irrigation liquid manure one Change technology, water consumption only needs 100 cubic metres per acre, can save water 70% or more than conventional rice cultivation.Improve liquid manure benefit With rate, farm work number and labor intensity are reduced, has the function of apparent water-saving, section branch, saving of labor, volume increase, synergy, in north Water shortage serious area in capital has tremendous expansion potentiality.Using a standard canopy room (greenhouse), 30,000 can at least be taken in by planting strawberry Member, also crop rotation rice, can harvesting rice 200-300kg.Peasant has both harvested paddy in this way, has meal, and has taken in cash, accomplishes " strawberry, rice are neglected neither, and banknote, grain are come together ", is highly suitable for this area and widelys popularize.

It below will the present invention will be described in detail by specific embodiment.

Embodiment 1:

It is more to plant strawberry in the farm of oneself by the owner Wang Xunmei of the Changping District town the Xing Shou village Dong Zhuan strawberry an ancient unit of weight ecological farm village Year, strawberry allows him to build up the family fortunes.But since continuous cropping, strawberry growing way are more and more weaker year after year.He has used various methods, although having one Determine effect, but cannot all reach ideal effect.

The first tenday period of a month in May, 2015 (after in September, 2012 plant always grass planting in the strawberry continuous cropping for being carried out continuously 3 years The certain kind of berries) after, at this end under the guidance of technician, he is after strawberry is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and in 8 strawberry canopy rooms, (floor area is 400m²) In, No. 2 rice of the northeast rice fragrance of a flower (Jilin authorization in 2016, number: the careful rice 2016011, Ji Nong of Ji have been planted as follows Product examine word [2016] 002).

The first tenday period of a month in May, 2015 uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested immediately after all harvesting to strawberry.The canopy film of canopy room is not removed, only it is upper, Maximum is all got in lower air port.

Primary small water first is poured according to 2 tons of each canopy room irrigation amount, it is wet furrow face soil is spread and sunk in, strawberry is connected root and overground part The cauline leaf divided all removes, and then uses mechanical breaking strawberry furrow, is ploughed twice with small-size rotary tiller, soil in smooth canopy room.

In the east-west direction of canopy room, from an installation drip irrigation pipe, water dropper spacing 10cm.The wide row of drip irrigation pipe away from for 40cm, Narrow row is away from for 20cm.For anti-weeds, by east-west direction, in the upper surface of drip irrigation pipe, full canopy spreads black mulch film；The rule of black mulch film Lattice are that 2.5m wide, 0.015cm are thick.

In late March, 2015 uses No. 2 progress rice seedling cultivations of the northeast rice fragrance of a flower, selects germination percentage height, full kind Son is converted into 700 times of liquid and is soaked seed 2 hours according to every 10kg seed before formal sowing using 25% P applied levels missible oil 3mL, with For preventing and treating bakanae disease.According to the kind amount 0.9kg breeding of each canopy room kind of paddy, in 218 hole hole trays after 20 DEG C of water seed soakings In sowed, 3 seeds are put in every cave, are then sprinkled profoundly water, the seedling age of rice seedling 30 days.Four leaf of rice seedling wholeheartedly when insert Seedling.Pest control was sprayed using imidacloprid in transplanting first 3 days.1-2 days before transplanting, seedling, prevention are sprayed with 20% 750 times of liquid of tricyclazole Rice blast.

The first tenday period of a month in May, 2015 according to seeding row spacing (that is, equal hill spacing 30cm) rice cultivation of 30*30cm, stand after the completion of field planting It is poured water with trickle irrigation, so that wet soil.Every canopy pours 2 tons of seedling recovering waters after a week, does not then water in 15 days, promotes root System is lower to prick, and is always maintained at ground moistening later.5 tons of water is poured in rice plant of tillering stage every canopy.

A rich water is chased after when 8 leaves of heading stage, imposes 5kg urea and 2.5kg potassium chloride per acre.Pustulation period chases after disposable fertilizer again Water, can be according to being watered 25kg foliage-spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2kg per acre.

Rice booting heading stage Frontline, chlopyrifos, imidacloprid mix anti-planthopper, rice leaf roller, striped rice borer etc., use The anti-banded sclerotial blight of jinggangmycin, triadimefon, false smut etc..60kg is watered using 45% tricyclazole wettable powder 110g to prevent and treat by spraying Rice blast.

Harvesting the last week does not rewater.95% or more glume of rice is in yellow, and grain sizing is hardened, when the grain of rice is transparent Gather in rice.The tiller of rice single plant is at most up to 20 plants.All harvest paddy 1520kg, average single canopy on September one, 2015 Room harvests paddy 190kg.

On September 5th, 2015, after rice harvesting, 30cm depth of first plowing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up 5 days, is revolved twice with rotary cultivator, and The root system of straw is picked.September 10 can start the strawberry cultivating of a new round.

In mid-September, 2015 selects seven canopy room plantation " beauty " strawberries and canopy room plantation " poinsettia " strawberry, It plants as follows:

Short strong, stem thickness is selected, there is 4-5 piece or the above leaf, root system is complete, there is more new root, the detoxification of no disease and pests harm Seedling is as maternal plant.

According to the amount for applying decomposed high-quality farmyard manure 2500kg per acre, fertilising while ploughing twice of soil, then Rake is crossed to level land.

The specification of strawberry furrow is: making strawberry furrow, furrow bottom width 65cm, the wide 40cm of furrow face, furrow spacing 35cm with width 100cm. The trend of furrow is North and South direction.After furrow are carried out, suitably furrow face is clapped with spade.Then a drip irrigation pipe is spread among every furrow face, Water dropper spacing 10cm, and it is made into U-clamp with iron wire, the other end of drip irrigation pipe is fixed in furrow face.

Well developed root system, no disease and pests harm, new stem thickness degree 0.5cm or more are selected from maternal plant, there is the current year pumping of 4-5 piece young leaves Stolon seedling as current year's production seedling.The cloudy day to production seedling transplant, with rise with cultivation.Notice that ventilation dissipates in transit Exposure is put in heat, anti-extrusion.It is determined by 7000 plants per acre and produces seed density in planting, every two row of ridge cultivation is colonized, strain by triangle disposition Away from for 20cm.Field planting the previous day carries out coverage shading with the sunshade net of shading rate 50%, and strawberry furrow is poured once permeable.Field planting When one it is noted that the strawberry back of a bow outwardly；Two it is noted that field planting depth, when plant make root system full extension in planting pit, depth with The seedling heart after watering heavy reality that bankets is slightly above native table and is advisable.To accomplish when field planting it is deep do not bury the heart, shallowly not crab rooting；Third is that full canopy has been colonized Cheng Hou, then primary small water is poured, to promote soil heavy real, accelerate strawberry living；Fourth is that 3 water mists are sprayed with micro- spray daily after field planting, Spray 1 minute every time, for cooling down and increasing indoor humidity, to improve production shoot survival percent.

After strawberry production seedling survives, every weekly selection fine day morning pours a water, to keep the humidity of soil.And pay attention to timely Polishing produces seedling.

In the case where not injuring Strawberry Seedlings root system, with small iron wire rake the soil rake pine of furrow seedling, and grass is extracted.Strawberry is fixed After plant half a month, it is seen that Strawberry Leaves have guttation, and root system takes root consolidation, suitably excision old leaf, sick leaf and stolon.When outer Boundary's lowest temperature starts to cover the high PO film heat preservation of light transmittance at 8-10 DEG C.The previous day for covering canopy film, a clear water is first poured, Uptake can be opened to the maximum after covering canopy film, 50cm or so is opened in bottom air port.As weather turns cold, air port is gradually reduced.2015 Late Novenber in year, for the daily mean temperature that China Meteorological platform is announced at 0 DEG C or so, the canopy film grave lower air port is tight.

Unregistered land film is selected, starts spreading in the beginning of November, 2015.Before plastic film mulch, an old leaf suitably first is made a call to, then pour one Secondary water, the spreading after 10 points, in order to avoid the blade that damage is too many.Mulch to pave as far as possible it is whole, strawberry whole It digs out, especially inflorescence and growing point have to expose outside film.The middle ten days and the last ten days in November, 2015, temperature on average at 0 DEG C or so, Canopy room heat preservation is covered.

For every plant of strawberry in addition to main bud, the lateral bud of choosing stalwartness and North and South direction retains 1-2, other lateral buds are extractd without exception.

It is put into honeybee within 5-6 days before flowering, putting a beehive with 0.5 mu of ground is advisable.It never sprays during putting bee, must such as spray Medicine need to move on to beehive outside canopy before spray, and the latter week that sprays again moves into beehive in canopy room.

Every plant is stayed 10 above functions leaves.Dead leaf, old leaf, stolon and shortening stem paraclade are extractd in time.Entire flower Phase can carry out flower thinning, and fruit thinning, which should start expanding stage in young fruit, to carry out, and each scape stays 1 top fruit, 3-4 side fruit, removes fruit Obstruct it is short, spend small, fruit unloose or lopsided flowers and fruits and disease pest fruit.

The 70% of soil conservation field capacity；Fruit expanding period keeps 80% or more of field capacity.

Moisturizing is carried out using under-film drip irrigation form.Left and right is poured water primary every other week after usual spreading, pours water 1.5 every time Ton/400m², pour water and be selected in the morning of fine day.Indoor humidity is larger after strawberry is poured water, and first has to close canopy temperature raising, as early as possible improve and Restore ground temperature.When higher to noon room temperature, the small air port 10cm is first put, waits and leaks informaton after twenty minutes, then the row that leaked informaton greatly It is wet.

For strawberry production seedling from field planting to blooming, this period is more steady to the absorption of nutrient, imposes N, P with water₂O₅、K₂O weight Amount is than the Christmas tree board water solubility balance fertilizer 2kg/400m for 20:20:20².Second stage be fruit expanding period and maturity period, Therefore plant absorbs and the nutrient of consumption is more, can impose N, P with water₂O₅、K₂O weight ratio is the Christmas tree board of 15:10:35 High water solubility potash fertilizer 4kg/400m², fair weather carries out weekly once.

In process of production, strawberry cauline leaf is kept to grow 20-30 DEG C of thermophilic, photosynthetic functions of strawberry acts on 20-25 DEG C of thermophilic, bud 10-20 DEG C of idiophase thermophilic, relative humidity 80% hereinafter, florescence 40%-60% relative humidity.

When strawberry 30% shows flower bud (i.e. 30% strawberry has bud), keep suitable epidemic disaster are as follows: daytime 25- 28 DEG C, 10-15 DEG C of night, air humidity 65%-75% are conducive to the growth of strawberry cauline leaf.When strawberry 30% blooms (i.e. 30% Strawberry there is the flowers are in blossom to put) when, keep suitable epidemic disaster are as follows: 23-25 DEG C of daytime, 8-10 DEG C of night, air humidity 35%-45%.Above-mentioned temperature and humidity is conducive to the pollination and fertilization of strawberry.

Fruit and maturity period keep suitable epidemic disaster are as follows: 20-25 DEG C of daytime, 5-8 DEG C of night, air humidity 60%-70%.

Under normal circumstances, after the sun rises in the morning, first have to pull open insulation quilt, then etc. upper one hour, then uptake The air port for opening 1cm, closes air port after ten minutes.If when fine day on daytime, general 10:30 can reach 28-30 DEG C in canopy room later, It is noted that leaking informaton in time.The principle leaked informaton using three sections, i.e. " small-big-small-to close ", when room temperature rises to 28 DEG C, are first opened The small air port of 10cm, small air port leak informaton and can not only cool down, but also can also exclude pernicious gas with hydrofuge；When room temperature drops When to 25 DEG C, then increase the amount of leaking informaton；If temperature, which continues to rise, further increases air port, 11 points of noon or so the high Shi Kai great of temperature Air port；Gradually reduce the mouth that leaks informaton in the afternoon, shuts air port when the indoor temperature of canopy is down to 20 DEG C.If it is the cloudy day, it is general in Noon opens small air port and leaks informaton 10-20 minutes.

Since in November, 2015, monthly every canopy launches the small peaceful mite in 5 bottles of Californias, reaches basic guarantee and is averaged every plant of grass The certain kind of berries has the injected volume of the small peaceful mite in 16-20 California, to prevent and treat red spider.Anti- eliminate aphis first can hang 30 efficient trap types by every canopy Yellow plate traps and kills aphid adult, and when there is both ends aphid on every yellow plate, every canopy discharges 50 harmonia axyridia ovum every time Card, total about 1000 harmonia axyridia ovum.At dusk or harmonia axyridia ovum card is suspended on aphid and caused harm near sites by early morning, so as to children After worm hatching, feeding to prey, hanging position direct sunlight can should be avoided as early as possible.It is discharged again after 2 weeks second.It is different discharging The front and back of color ladybug is avoided using insecticidal/acaricidal agent in 15 days.

The entire growth period of strawberry production seedling can all hang sulphur tank, place 30g sulphur powder in tank every time, use sulphur at dusk Sulphur tank is 4 hours stifling, smoked primary every 3 days, to prevent and treat powdery mildew.Canopy, prevention and treatment are smoked according to the every canopy of 200g with Bravo fumigant Gray mold.

Different harvest maturity is determined according to season difference, in December, 2015 in mid-February, 2016, with nine Maturation harvesting is advisable；It is advisable in March, 2016 to April with medium well harvesting；In May, 2016 is preferred with medium well harvesting.

Generally speaking, after planting strawberry after rice crop rotation using above-mentioned, the growing way of strawberry production seedling was compared with last year, There is apparent advantage.Strawberry growing way is healthy and strong, and bud differentiation effect is good, and just up to 3 or more before every plant of Spring Festival of inflorescence, carpopodium is short And it is sturdy, strawberry pollen is more, and flower is big, and single fruit focuses on 30g or more, maximum up to 75g.And strawberry fruit sweet and sour taste, Many frequent customers are attracted.

According to statistics, the canopy rooms of initial First Year seven plantation " beauty " strawberries are averaged each canopy room (400m²) can obtain The strawberry of 1450kg, strawberry mean fruit weight reach 24g, and strawberry is averaged pol (that is, Brix degree, contained in every 100 grams of liquid glucoses The dissolution grams of solid matter) it is 8.9；And 3 years common continuous cropping modes, each canopy room of third annual can only generally obtain The strawberry of 1000kg, the Mean Fruit Weight of strawberry are 16g, and the strawberry pol that be averaged is 7.5.

The canopy room of one plantation " poinsettia " strawberry can obtain the strawberry of 1550kg, and strawberry mean fruit weight reaches 30g, Strawberry be averaged pol be 10.5；And 3 years common continuous cropping modes, each canopy room of third annual can only generally obtain 1100kg Strawberry, the Mean Fruit Weight of strawberry is 23g, and the strawberry pol that be averaged is 7.9.

The first tenday period of a month in May, 2015, after 3 years strawberry continuous croppings, each canopy room red-color strawberries of third annual are only harvested 1000kg converts into every 667m²Yield of strawberry is 1666.7kg；And after rice crop rotation in the 4th year, the first tenday period of a month in May, 2016, Through calculating, each canopy room averagely harvests strawberry 1172.04kg, converts into every 667m²Yield of strawberry reaches 1953.4kg, before crop rotation Production increases 17.2% ((1953.4-1666.7)/1666.7*100%).

To sum up, using the crop rotation method of the strawberry of the present embodiment and rice, it can not only obtain the output of paddy more, And the yield of strawberry can be improved, while the condition of strawberry is more preferable, to considerably increase the income of farmer.

Embodiment 2

Using with the identical strawberry of embodiment 1 and rice cropping mode, continue to plant in the canopy room that finishes of strawberry harvesting Then rice plants strawberry.

According to statistics, average single canopy room can harvest paddy 200kg, harvest than first time crop rotation rice Shi Dandong canopy room more The paddy of 10kg.

Canopy rooms each canopy room that is averaged of seven plantation " beauty " strawberries can obtain 1480kg, and strawberry mean fruit weight reaches 26g, strawberry be averaged pol be 9.3.

The canopy room of one plantation " poinsettia " strawberry can obtain the strawberry of 1565kg, and strawberry mean fruit weight reaches 33g, Strawberry be averaged pol be 10.5.

It can be seen that further improving the yield and condition of strawberry when than first time crop rotation strawberry.

Test case:

As described in Example 1, three Nian Lianzuo that strawberry is carried out since the first tenday period of a month in May, 2012, until in May, 2015 The continuous cropping for terminating 3 years ten days is changed to strawberry and rice crop rotation, and acquisition soil sample is detected after strawberry harvests year by year.? That is, collecting soil sample in the following time respectively:

The soil sample (soil sample after strawberry cultivating 1 year) that soil sample 1:2013 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting；

The soil sample (soil sample after strawberry continuous cropping 3 years) that soil sample 2:2015 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting；

The soil sample (soil sample after first time crop rotation) that soil sample 3:2016 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting；

The soil sample (soil sample after second of crop rotation) that soil sample 4:2017 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting, and point The index of correlation of above-mentioned soil sample 1- soil sample 4 is not detected.

Above-mentioned soil sample acquisition and detection work are carried out by Soil Fertilizer Working Station, Beijing.

Soil sample acquisition method is as follows:

5 0-30cm depth soil samples are taken at random by " s " shape in each canopy room, and each soil sample respectively takes 250g, then by 8 canopy rooms In soil sample be sufficiently mixed after for detecting.

Take 50g soil sample 1 to soil sample 4 respectively, being respectively put into stirring in 250mL water dissolves it sufficiently, and standing takes afterwards for 24 hours Clear liquid, as soil extract.

The index and detection method of soil samples and detecting are as follows:

1, EC value (Electrical Conductivity soluble-salt concentration)

EC value detection method is as follows:

It takes 50g soil sample 1 to soil sample 4 respectively, is respectively put into 250mL water, makes it by the stirring of clockwise direction with glass rod After standing 30 minutes, the EC value of measurement soil sample leachate is counted with EC for sufficiently dissolution, and each sample detects five times, discards maximum The average value of remaining three numerical value is taken after value and minimum value.

2, pH value

PH value detection method is as follows:

It takes 50g soil sample 1 to be respectively put into 125mL water to soil sample 4 respectively, takes beaker gently to vibrate 5 minutes with hand, then It is filtered with filter paper, with the pH value of pH meter measurement filtrate, each sample is detected five times, takes residue after discarding maximum value and minimum value The average value of three numerical value.

3、N0^3-Content and SO4^2-Content

N0^3-And SO4^2-Both ions are the Main Factors of soil acidification, are the main originals that EC value increases and pH value reduces Cause.)

SO4^2-Content is measured with EDTA Indirect Complexometric Titration Methods, N0³Content is measured with Pbenoldisulfonic Acid colorimetric method.

As a result as shown in table 1 below.

Table 1: Soil K+adsorption index

	EC value (mScm-1)	N03-Content (mg/kg)	SO42-Content (mg/kg)	pH
					Soil sample 1	0.274	85.42	132.6	7.5
Soil sample 2	0.561	193.76	353.41	6.75
					Soil sample 3	0.398	131.2	289.5	6.95
Soil sample 4	0.354	126.88	273.45	7.2

The soil sample (soil sample after strawberry cultivating 1 year) that soil sample 1:2013 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting；

The soil sample (soil sample after strawberry continuous cropping 3 years) that soil sample 2:2015 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting；

The soil sample (soil sample after first time crop rotation) that soil sample 3:2016 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting；

The soil sample (soil sample after second of crop rotation) that soil sample 4:2017 the first tenday period of a month in May strawberry is collected after harvesting.

According to the Soil K+adsorption result in table 1 it can be found that with strawberry the (soil of soil sample 1 and soil sample 2 of farming year after year Testing index), soil EC value gradually rises, and the EC value critical point of crop growth obstacle is 0.5mScm^-1If soil EC value is higher than 0.5mScm^-1, then the growth and development of crop will be severely impacted；Meanwhile with the farming year after year of strawberry, soil N0 in earth^3-Content and SO4^2-Content also gradually rises, and will lead to soil acidification in this way, and soil pH reduces year by year, illustrates soil acid Property problem it is increasingly severe, the acidification of soil will lead to that strawberry growth is impaired, and yield of strawberry decline, condition reduce.

After using the alternating method of strawberry of the invention and rice, Soil K+adsorption index gradually improves (soil sample 3 to soil sample 4 Soil K+adsorption index), soil EC value gradually decreases, N0 in soil^3-Content and SO4^2-Content is also gradually reduced, and pH is also gradually It is restored to the neutral environment that strawberry is suitable for plantation.

It can be seen that the alternating method of strawberry provided by the invention and rice can effectively delay or eliminate facility strawberry block The continuous cropping obstacles such as soil acidification caused by strawberry, salinization, nutrient imbalance, soil-borne disease insect pest be serious are planted on ground year after year, can be with Strawberry per mu yield is improved, and has harvested one batch of paddy more, land utilization ratio is improved, increases agriculture production benefit.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.It is done within the spirit and principles of the present invention any to repair Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the alternating method of a kind of strawberry and rice, which is characterized in that the method includes planting rice after planting strawberry Operation；Wherein, the operation of the plantation rice includes using paddy drought seedling, the operation cultivated in conjunction with wide, narrow row trickle irrigation.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by:

The operation of the paddy drought seedling includes starting to educate the operation of rice seedling in late March；

Preferably, it is 400m that the operation for educating rice seedling, which includes according to a floor area,²The kind of standard canopy room kind of paddy Measure the operation of the amount breeding of 0.8-1kg, preferably 0.9kg；

It is further preferred that the breeding includes using warm waterIt is sowed in hole tray after kind, 3 seeds are put in every cave, so The operation sprinkled profoundly water afterwards；

It is further preferred that the seedling age of rice seedling is 28-32 days；

It is further preferred that transplanting first 3 days are sprayed pest control using imidacloprid；1-2 days before transplanting, with 20% tricyclazole 750 times of liquid spray seedling, to prevent rice blast.

3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:

Wide, the cultivation of narrow row trickle irrigation the operation includes:

By east-west direction, from an installation drip irrigation pipe of canopy room, water dropper spacing 8-12cm, the wide row of drip irrigation pipe away from for 35-45cm, Narrow row is away from for 15-25cm.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by:

Strawberry cultivating carries out in facility canopy room；

Virus-free strawberry seedling is selected, the requirement of strawberry seedling maternal plant is short strong, and stem thickness has 4-5 piece or the above leaf, and root system is complete, There are more new root, no disease and pests harm；

Strawberry cultivating includes the operation of fertilising bedding, and the operation of the fertilising bedding includes:

It crosses and harrows after at least ploughing twice according to decomposed high-quality farmyard manure 2000-3000kg is applied per acre in conjunction with plowed soils It is flat；

Make strawberry furrow, the furrow bottom width 60-70cm of the strawberry furrow, the wide 35-45cm of furrow face, the high 35- of furrow with width 80-120cm 40cm, furrow spacing 30-40cm, the trend of furrow are North and South direction；

After strawberry furrow are carried out, a drip irrigation pipe, water dropper spacing 8-12cm are spread among every furrow face, and the other end of drip irrigation pipe is fixed In furrow face.

5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by:

Strawberry cultivating includes having 4-5 piece new from well developed root system, no disease and pests harm, new stem thickness degree 0.5cm or more is selected in strawberry seedling Operation of the stolon seedling of the current year pumping of leaf as current year's production seedling；

Production seedling is transplanted to mid-September at the bottom of August；

Preferably, be promote slow seedling, transplanting cloudy day carry out, with rise with cultivation；

It is determined by 6000-8000 plants per acre and produces seed density in planting, every two row of ridge cultivation is colonized by triangle disposition；Produce seedling spacing in the rows For 18-22cm；

Production seedling field planting the previous day carries out coverage shading with sunshade net, and strawberry furrow is poured once permeable；Make when production seedling field planting The strawberry back of a bow outwardly, and make root system full extension in planting pit, depth with banket water heavy reality after the seedling heart be slightly above native table It is advisable；After the completion of full canopy field planting, then primary small water is poured, to promote soil heavy real, accelerates strawberry living, spray 2-3 with micro- spray daily Secondary water mist sprays 1 minute, every time for cooling down and increasing indoor humidity, to improve production shoot survival percent；

After strawberry production seedling survives, every weekly selection fine day morning pours a water, to keep the humidity of soil, and polishing production in time Seedling.

6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized by:

Strawberry cultivating includes the operation for covering canopy film: starting to cover canopy film heat preservation when the extraneous lowest temperature is at 8-10 DEG C, preferably Using PO film or without the long-lived film of drop；

Preferably, the previous day of canopy film is covered, a water is first poured, is opened to the maximum uptake after covering canopy film, bottom air port is opened 50cm or so；As weather turns cold, air port is gradually reduced；Temperature on average is at 0 DEG C or so, the canopy film grave in lower air port Sternly；

Preferably, unregistered land film or two facial mask of black and white are selected, in November the just spreading on strawberry furrow；Before spreading, first beat A time old leaf, then a water, the preferably spreading after 10 points are poured, in order to avoid the blade that damage is too many；Mulch will be spread as far as possible It is smooth, strawberry is all dug out, especially inflorescence and growing point have to expose outside film；

Preferably, when temperature on average is at 0 DEG C or so, canopy room heat preservation is covered；

Preferably, for every plant of strawberry in addition to main bud, the lateral bud of choosing stalwartness and North and South direction retains 1-2, other lateral buds are plucked without exception It removes；

Preferably, it is put into honeybee within 5-6 days before strawberry blooms, putting a beehive with 0.5 mu of ground is advisable；

Preferably, 10 above functions leaves are stayed for every plant, dead leaf, old leaf, stolon and shortening stem paraclade is extractd in time, whole A florescence carries out flower thinning, starts expanding stage in young fruit and carries out fruit thinning, each scape stays 1 top fruit, 3-4 side fruit, removes carpopodium It is short, spend small, fruit unloose or lopsided flowers and fruits and disease pest fruit；

Preferably, moisturizing is carried out using under-film drip irrigation form, left and right is poured water once every other week after spreading, and pour water 1-2 every time Ton/400m², preferably pour water in the morning of fine day；Indoor humidity is larger after strawberry is poured water, and first has to close canopy temperature raising, as early as possible Ground temperature is improved and restored, when higher to noon room temperature, the small air port 10cm first put, waits and leak informaton after twenty minutes, then is carried out big Leak informaton hydrofuge；

Preferably, strawberry production seedling imposes N, P with water from field planting to blooming₂O₅、K₂The weight ratio of O is the balance fertilizer of 20:20:20 1.8-2.2kg/400m²；In fruit expanding period and maturity period, N, P are imposed with water₂O₅、K₂The weight ratio of O is the height of 15:10:35 Potash fertilizer 3.5-4.5kg/400m², fair weather carries out weekly once.

7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by:

The epidemic disaster management of strawberry cultivating operates as follows:

When strawberry 30% shows flower bud, epidemic disaster is controlled are as follows: 25-28 DEG C of daytime, 10-15 DEG C of night, air humidity 65%-75%； When strawberry 30% blooms, epidemic disaster is controlled are as follows: 23-25 DEG C of daytime, 8-10 DEG C of night, air humidity 35%-45%；Control The epidemic disaster of Fruit and maturity period are as follows: 20-25 DEG C of daytime, 5-8 DEG C of night, air humidity 60%-70%；

The management of leaking informaton of strawberry cultivating operates as follows:

After the sun rises in the morning, pull open insulation quilt first, then etc. upper one hour, then uptake opens the air port of 0.8-1.2cm, Air port is closed after 8-12 minutes；

It is preferred that using three sections of principles leaked informaton, i.e., " small-big-small-to close ", when room temperature rises to 28 DEG C, first open 8-12cm Small air port when room temperature drops to 25 DEG C, then increases the amount of leaking informaton；If temperature, which continues to rise, further increases air port, noon The high air port Shi Kai great of 11 points or so temperature；Gradually reduce the mouth that leaks informaton in the afternoon, shuts wind when the indoor temperature of canopy is down to 20 DEG C Mouthful；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of strawberry cultivating operates as follows:

Since November, using the small peaceful acarid control red spider in California, reaching the basic guarantee every plant of strawberry that is averaged has 16-20 only The injected volume of the small peaceful mite in California；

Canopy every first hangs 30 efficient trap type Huang plates and traps and kills aphid, when both ends and the above aphid occurs in every yellow plate When, every canopy launches 50 harmonia axyridia ovum cards, about 1000 harmonia axyridia ovum every time；After two weeks, it launches second；

Every canopy prevents and treats gray mold with Bravo fumigant 180-220g；

The entire growth period of strawberry production seedling all hangs sulphur tank, places 25-35g sulphur powder in tank every time, uses sulphur at dusk Tank is 3.5-4.5 hours stifling, smoked primary every 2-4 days, to prevent and treat powdery mildew；

It after the first tenday period of a month in May harvest strawberry, uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested immediately, canopy film is not removed, and maximum is all only got in upper and lower air port；

First according to 400m²Canopy room water 2 tons and pour primary small water, it is wet furrow face soil is spread and sunk in, strawberry is connected root and aerial part Cauline leaf removes together；After the indoor cauline leaf of canopy is all removed completely, strawberry furrow are abolished, plough soil twice, in smooth canopy room Soil.

8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized by:

Using rice varieties precocious, disease-resistant, that yielding ability is good, on May, the middle ten days carries out the rice seedling cultivated in canopy room Rice transplanting is colonized by the density of equal hill spacing 28-32cm, 3 plants of every cave rice seedlings balled transplanting, is transplanted to the strawberry canopy room put in order In；Every floor area 400m²Canopy room with 4200-4600 plants of seedling；It is poured water immediately with trickle irrigation after the completion of field planting, so that soil is wet Thoroughly, 2 tons of seedling recovering waters are poured after a week, are not then watered in 15 days, promote to prick under root system；It is wet to be always maintained at soil later Profit；Transplanting in 15-20 days finishes rice in may.

9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized by:

Every canopy waters 8-12 tons when rice is colonized, and can pour 1.8-2.2 tons of seedling recovering waters after a week；After two weeks, in rice Tillering stage pours 4-6 tons of water；

A rich water is chased after when 8 leaves of heading stage, imposes urea 4.5-5.5kg and potassium chloride 2-3kg per acre；Pustulation period chases after once again Rich water, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15-0.25kg is watered 25kg foliage-spray per acre.

10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized by:

Germination percentage height, full rice paddy seed are selected, Medicament soaked seed is carried out before formal sowing, every 10kg seed uses 25% P applied levels missible oil 3mL converts into 600-800 times of liquid and soaks seed 2 hours, for preventing and treating bakanae disease；

Rice booting heading stage Frontline, chlopyrifos, imidacloprid mix anti-planthopper, rice leaf roller, striped rice borer；Use Jinggangmei Element, the anti-banded sclerotial blight of triadimefon, false smut；60kg is watered using 45% tricyclazole wettable powder 110g and prevents and treats rice blast by spraying；

Rice harvesting the last week does not rewater, and is in yellow to 95% or more glume of rice, and grain sizing is hardened, and the grain of rice is transparent When gather in；

Before September 5 by rice harvesting after, 28-32cm, preferably 30cm depth of first plowing, twice of rotary tillage after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up 5 days, And next round farming is carried out after the root system of straw is picked.