CN114651659B - Almond light matrix non-woven fabric container seedling raising method - Google Patents
Almond light matrix non-woven fabric container seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114651659B CN114651659B CN202210395446.3A CN202210395446A CN114651659B CN 114651659 B CN114651659 B CN 114651659B CN 202210395446 A CN202210395446 A CN 202210395446A CN 114651659 B CN114651659 B CN 114651659B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings by using a light matrix non-woven fabric container of Acer buergerianum, and belongs to the technical field of propagation of Acer buergerianum. The method comprises the following steps: s1, seed collection and pretreatment: mixing the seeds with river sand, and filling into net-shaped seed bags; s2, preparing a light matrix seedling culture container cup: the matrix is prepared by mixing turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite, and slow release fertilizer and bactericide are applied; s3, seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing: the seeds are soaked by swelling after water absorption, turned after draining, and sowed after the seed white-spitting rate reaches 25-35%. The seedling raising method also comprises daily management after sowing and forestation in rainy season. The invention standardizes a series of steps from seed selection to transplanting of the acer truncatum seedlings, and improves the germination rate and survival rate of the acer truncatum seedlings to the maximum extent by a scientific and effective seedling method, so that the acer truncatum seedlings have good practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of propagation of Acer buergerianum, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method for an Acer buergerianum light matrix non-woven fabric container.
Background
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The deciduous tree of the genus Acer has bark flaking up to 20 meters, leaves are usually 3 cracks, cracks extend forward, edges or irregular saw teeth are formed, fruit pits protrude, fruit wings are unfolded to form acute angles, the fruit wings are light-loving, are slightly yin-loving, are warm and moist climates, are slightly cold-resistant, are water-resistant, are pruning-resistant, and have dark red or orange autumn leaves.
The branches and leaves of the Acer buergerianum are dense, the leaves of the Acer buergerianum are covered with a shade in summer, and the leaves of the Acer buergerianum become dark red and full red and beautiful. Preferably, the tree is planted in an orphan manner, cong Zhi is used as a court tree, and can also be used as a pavement tree and a revetment tree. Three general propagation methods for Acer buergerianum exist: sowing and raising seedlings, cutting and breeding and layering propagation. The seeding seedling and the cutting seedling can be used for mass seedling, so that the method is a more common seedling method. The seedling raising is affected by various factors, but the non-uniform cultivation mode, method and standard are easy to cause the problems of insufficient germination rate, insufficient nutrition of seedlings and the like, and the series of problems restrict popularization and application of the acer truncatum.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the light matrix non-woven fabric container seedling raising method for the acer truncatum, which standardizes a series of steps from seed selection to transplanting of the acer truncatum, and improves the germination rate and survival rate of the acer truncatum seedling to the greatest extent by a scientific and effective seedling raising method, so that the method has good practical application value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for raising seedlings in a light matrix non-woven container of maple, the method comprising:
s1, seed collection and pretreatment: mixing the seeds with river sand, and filling into net-shaped seed bags;
s2, preparing a light matrix seedling culture container cup: the matrix is prepared by mixing turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite, and slow release fertilizer and bactericide are applied;
s3, seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing: the seeds are soaked by swelling after water absorption, turned after draining, and sowed after the seed white-spitting rate reaches 25-35%.
The seedling raising method further comprises daily management after sowing and forestation in rainy seasons.
In a second aspect of the invention, the above method is used for cultivating the obtained Acer buergerianum.
The beneficial technical effects of one or more of the technical schemes are as follows:
the technical scheme effectively standardizes the step of raising the seedlings of the light matrix non-woven fabrics of the Acer buergerianum, solves the problems of easy disease generation, insufficient nutrition and the like of the seedling of the Acer buergerianum, furthest improves the survival rate of the seedling transplanting of the Acer buergerianum by a scientific and beneficial seedling raising method, and simultaneously improves the quality of the Acer buergerianum seedlings. Therefore, the method has good practical application value, especially large-scale industrialized application value.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As mentioned above, there are three general propagation methods for the current delphasubstance: sowing and raising seedlings, cutting and breeding and layering propagation. The seeding seedling and the cutting seedling can be used for mass seedling, so that the method is a more common seedling method. The seedling raising is affected by various factors, but the non-uniform cultivation mode, method and standard are easy to cause the problems of insufficient germination rate, insufficient nutrition of seedlings and the like, and the series of problems restrict popularization and application of the acer truncatum.
In view of this, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for raising seedlings of a light matrix non-woven container of maple, the method comprising:
s1, seed collection and pretreatment: mixing the seeds with river sand, and filling into net-shaped seed bags;
s2, preparing a light matrix seedling culture container cup: the matrix is prepared by mixing turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite, and slow release fertilizer and bactericide are applied;
s3, seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing: the seeds are soaked by swelling after water absorption, turned after draining, and sowed after the seed white-spitting rate reaches 25-35%.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the seedling method further includes daily management after sowing and forestation in rainy season;
the post-sowing daily management includes, but is not limited to:
(1) Greenhouse management: the moisture and humidity in the greenhouse should be kept standard during sowing, the humidity and temperature can be properly reduced when the plant height reaches 190-200mm, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times at intervals of 10-14 days;
(2) And (3) field management: the humidity in the cup of the container for field seedling culture is kept to be standard during sowing;
(3) And (3) temperature control management: if the humidity and the temperature are too high, the temperature can be properly reduced and ventilated, and the humidity of the matrix in the container cup is kept stable;
(4) Air root cutting: when the root system of the seedling grows out of the outer side wall of the non-woven fabric container cup by 40-50mm, root cutting treatment is carried out to prevent and treat root system packing;
(5) When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, thinning and transplanting can be properly performed, and meanwhile, both greenhouse management and field management should pay attention to pest control and timely weed removal, so that the stable growth environment of the seedlings is maintained.
The specific rainy season forestation method comprises the following steps: when the plant height of the seedlings is not lower than 500mm and the ground diameter is not lower than 50mm, transplanting operation can be carried out before the local rainy season comes, and 480-500mm×180-200mm (row spacing×plant spacing) is suitable for general planting.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the step S1, the specific method for seed collection and pretreatment includes:
collecting seeds of the mature period of the acer truncatum seeds, removing fruit wing defects, deformity, plant diseases and insect pests and impurities thereof, airing the seeds, preparing 800-1000 times of bactericide (carbendazim or mancozeb) for cleaning river sand according to 2-3 times of the seeds, mixing the seeds with the bactericide (the carbendazim or mancozeb) until the seeds are wet (the seeds are suitable for being mixed by hands to fall to the ground, and uniformly mixing the soaked seeds with the river sand and filling the mixture into a net-shaped seed bag; selecting good drainage effect of the back yin, digging holes, uniformly stacking seeds on the holes by using thick river sand (100-150 mm) on the bottom pad, adding grass handles to keep the seeds ventilated, covering the seeds with the river sand (200-300 mm), and keeping the river sand moist to ensure that the seeds normally survive winter; it should be noted that the river sand used needs to be sterilized, so as to reduce the risk of seed infection by other bacteria.
In the step S2, the preparation of the light matrix seedling raising container cup specifically comprises the following steps: the substrate is prepared from sawdust ferment: turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite (1-2:5-7:1-2:1, volume ratio), then applying 1-2kg slow release fertilizer per cubic meter of matrix, and spraying 400-500 times carbendazim.
Wherein, the sawdust ferment is selected from conifer sawdust after aerobic fermentation. The sawdust ferment maintains the original sawdust structure and reduces the C/N ratio; after the sawdust is fermented and decomposed, the organic matter content in the matrix can be improved, the pH value of the matrix can be reduced, the release of nutrient elements is facilitated, and the water and fertilizer retaining effect is enhanced; meanwhile, the mixed bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms and the like in the wood chips can be effectively killed in the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process, so that the risk of bacteria contamination and illness of the Acer buergerianum is reduced;
the organic matter content of the turfy soil is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the specific gravity is 0.5-0.7g/cm 3 The pH is 5.5-6.5.
The turfy soil of the invention has the organic matter content of more than 30 percent, soft texture and easy breaking, and the specific weight is 0.5-0.7g/cm 3 Most of the materials are brown or black, and the pH value is generally 5.5-6.5 and slightly acidic; the main function is to improve the physical properties of the product and increase the air permeability of the product.
The vermiculite is formed by heating mica minerals to 1000 ℃ and then expanding at high temperature, has a volume weight of 0.09-0.16 g/cubic centimeter, has a porosity of 95%, contains more nutrient elements such as potassium, calcium and magnesium, can be absorbed and utilized by crops, and has strong water absorption capacity;
the perlite has a porous structure inside, the effective water content is up to 45%, the normal exchange of water, gas and fertilizer is maintained, the volume weight is reduced, and the stable structure of the matrix is maintained; and its porosity promotes the growth and development of the virtual root system of the plant.
The perlite disclosed by the invention can realize soil improvement, regulate soil hardening, prevent crops from lodging, control fertilizer efficiency and fertility, and can be used as a diluent and a carrier of pesticides and herbicides.
The invention selects four raw materials of sawdust ferment, turf, vermiculite and perlite, which have different grain sizes, and forms a layered water absorption and drainage space system by utilizing the size difference among the four different materials, so that the moisture in the matrix can be relatively kept and can be freely moved at the same time; meanwhile, the portability of the whole matrix is maintained, the growth of the acer truncatum pot seedlings is promoted, and the whole survival rate of the pot seedlings is improved.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, the seedling raising cup body is cylindrical, the size of the seedling raising cup body is 80-100mm multiplied by 100-120mm (the bottom diameter multiplied by the cup height), and the seedling raising cup is arranged in a cup shape, so that the seedling raising cup body is convenient to stack and convenient to manage later.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the step S3, the specific method for seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing includes:
s3.1 seed soaking: soaking seeds in normal temperature water (20-25 ℃) until the water swelling soaking time of the seeds is 40-48 hours, changing water for 2-3 times during soaking, and spraying and wetting the light matrix seedling container cup;
s3.2, germination: draining after seed soaking is finished, turning over, keeping the temperature of the seeds moderately balanced, and preparing for sowing when the seed white-out rate reaches 30%;
s3.3, sowing: sowing in a greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85%; sowing in a field, wherein the low temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, and the humidity of the matrix in the seedling container cup is 'held by hands to form clusters, and is dispersed after one touch'; further preferably, the seeding amount is 2-3 grains/seedling container cup.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the above-mentioned Acer buergerianum obtained by cultivation.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating seedlings by using a light matrix non-woven fabric container of Acer buergerianum comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection and pretreatment:
collecting seeds during the mature period of the seeds of the Acer buergerianum, removing fruit wing malformations, plant diseases and insect pests and impurities, and slightly airing. Preparing 2 times of the seeds with 900 times of bactericide (carbendazim) for cleaning river sand, mixing with wet (suitable for standing and scattering by hand), mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and packaging into net-shaped seed bags. Selecting good drainage effect of the back yin, digging holes, uniformly stacking seeds on the seeds by using thick river sand with the thickness of 100-150 mm, adding a proper amount of grass according to the quantity of the seeds to keep the seeds ventilated, and keeping the river sand moist according to the local air Wen Fugai (200-300 mm) to ensure that the river sand normally winters, wherein the river sand is required to be sterilized and disinfected.
2. Light matrix seedling container cup:
the substrate proportion is as follows: turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite (1:7:2:1)/cubic meter, 4 jin of slow release fertilizer/cubic meter, 500 times of carbendazim/cubic meter, and the cup body of the seedling raising cup is cylindrical, and the size is 100mm multiplied by 120mm (bottom diameter multiplied by cup height).
3. Seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing:
(1) Seed soaking: soaking seeds in normal temperature water (20-25 ℃) until the water swelling soaking time of the seeds is 48 hours, changing water for 3 times during the seed soaking period, and spraying and wetting the light matrix seedling container cup.
(2) Accelerating germination: draining after seed soaking is finished, turning over, keeping the temperature of the seeds moderately balanced, and preparing for sowing when the seed white-spitting rate reaches 30%.
(3) Sowing: sowing in a greenhouse, wherein the room temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85%; sowing in a field, wherein the low temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, and the humidity of the matrix in the seedling container cup is ' hand-held to form clusters ' which are scattered after one touch '. The seeding amount is 2-3 grains/seedling container cup.
4. Daily management after sowing:
(1) Greenhouse management: the moisture and humidity in the greenhouse should be kept standard during sowing, the humidity and temperature can be properly reduced when the plant height reaches 200mm, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 14 days.
(2) And (3) field management: the humidity in the cup of the container for field seedling culture should be kept at the standard during sowing.
(3) And (3) temperature control management: if the humidity and the temperature are too high, the temperature can be properly reduced and ventilated, and the humidity of the matrix in the container cup is kept stable.
(4) Air root cutting: when the root system of the seedling grows out of the outer side wall of the non-woven fabric container cup by 50mm, root cutting treatment is needed to prevent and treat the root system packing.
(5) When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, thinning and transplanting can be properly performed, and meanwhile, both greenhouse management and field management should pay attention to pest control and timely weed removal, so that the stable growth environment of the seedlings is maintained.
5. Forestation in rainy season:
when the plant height of the seedlings is not lower than 500mm and the ground diameter is not lower than 50mm, transplanting operation can be carried out before the local rainy season comes, and the planting is preferably 500mm multiplied by 200mm (row spacing multiplied by plant spacing).
Proved by experimental nursery seedling raising in Shandong province forestry science institute experiments, the survival rate of the Acer buergerianum obtained by the method is up to more than 98%, and the seedling height and the ground diameter are also obviously superior to those of the traditional Acer buergerianum seedling raising method.
Example 2
A method for cultivating seedlings by using a light matrix non-woven fabric container of Acer buergerianum comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection and pretreatment:
collecting seeds during the mature period of the seeds of the Acer buergerianum, removing fruit wing malformations, plant diseases and insect pests and impurities, and slightly airing. Preparing 800 times of bactericide (carbendazim) for clean river sand according to 2 times of seeds, mixing with wet (suitable for being agglomerated by hand and immediately scattered), mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and filling into a net-shaped seed bag. Selecting good drainage effect of the back yin, digging holes, uniformly stacking seeds on the seeds by using thick river sand with the thickness of 100-130 mm, adding a proper amount of grass according to the quantity of the seeds to keep the seeds ventilated, and keeping the river sand moist according to the local air Wen Fugai (200-250 mm) to ensure that the river sand normally winters, wherein the river sand is required to be sterilized and disinfected.
2. Light matrix seedling container cup:
the substrate proportion is as follows: turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite (1:6:2:1)/cubic meter, 4 jin of slow release fertilizer/cubic meter, 500 times of carbendazim/cubic meter, and the cup body of the seedling raising cup is cylindrical, and the size is 100mm multiplied by 120mm (bottom diameter multiplied by cup height).
3. Seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing:
(1) Seed soaking: soaking seeds in normal temperature water (20-25 ℃) until the water swelling soaking time of the seeds is 48 hours, changing water for 3 times during the seed soaking period, and spraying and wetting the light matrix seedling container cup.
(2) Accelerating germination: draining after seed soaking is finished, turning over, keeping the temperature of the seeds moderately balanced, and preparing for sowing when the seed white-spitting rate reaches 30%.
(3) Sowing: sowing in a greenhouse, wherein the room temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85%; sowing in a field, wherein the low temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, and the humidity of the matrix in the seedling container cup is ' hand-held to form clusters ' which are scattered after one touch '. The seeding amount is 2-3 grains/seedling container cup.
4. Daily management after sowing:
(1) Greenhouse management: the moisture and humidity in the greenhouse should be kept standard during sowing, the humidity and temperature can be properly reduced when the plant height reaches 200mm, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 14 days.
(2) And (3) field management: the humidity in the cup of the container for field seedling culture should be kept at the standard during sowing.
(3) And (3) temperature control management: if the humidity and the temperature are too high, the temperature can be properly reduced and ventilated, and the humidity of the matrix in the container cup is kept stable.
(4) Air root cutting: when the root system of the seedling grows out of the outer side wall of the non-woven fabric container cup by 50mm, root cutting treatment is needed to prevent and treat the root system packing.
(5) When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, thinning and transplanting can be properly performed, and meanwhile, both greenhouse management and field management should pay attention to pest control and timely weed removal, so that the stable growth environment of the seedlings is maintained.
5. Forestation in rainy season:
when the plant height of the seedlings is not lower than 500mm and the ground diameter is not lower than 50mm, transplanting operation can be carried out before the local rainy season comes, and the planting is preferably 500mm multiplied by 200mm (row spacing multiplied by plant spacing).
Proved by experimental nursery seedling raising in Shandong province forestry science institute experiments, the survival rate of the Acer buergerianum obtained by the method is up to more than 98%, and the seedling height and the ground diameter are also obviously superior to those of the traditional Acer buergerianum seedling raising method.
Example 3
A method for cultivating seedlings by using a light matrix non-woven fabric container of Acer buergerianum comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection and pretreatment:
collecting seeds during the mature period of the seeds of the Acer buergerianum, removing fruit wing malformations, plant diseases and insect pests and impurities, and slightly airing. Preparing a bactericide (mancozeb) 1000 times of the clean river sand according to 2 times of the seeds, mixing the mixture with the bactericide (mancozeb) 1000 times of the bactericide (mancozeb) until the mixture is suitable for being mixed with the river sand by hand to form a ball, and then uniformly mixing the soaked seeds with the river sand, and filling the mixture into a net-shaped seed bag. Selecting good drainage effect of the back yin, digging holes, uniformly stacking seeds by using thick river sand (130-150 mm) on the bottom pad, adding a proper amount of grass according to the quantity of the seeds to keep the seeds ventilated, and keeping the river sand moist according to local air Wen Fugai (260-300 mm) on the seeds to ensure that the river sand can normally pass through winter, wherein the river sand is required to be sterilized and disinfected.
2. Light matrix seedling container cup:
the substrate proportion is as follows: turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite (1:7:1:1)/cubic meter, 4 jin of slow release fertilizer/cubic meter, 500 times of carbendazim/cubic meter, and the cup body of the seedling raising cup is cylindrical, and the size is 100mm multiplied by 120mm (bottom diameter multiplied by cup height).
3. Seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing:
(1) Seed soaking: soaking seeds in normal temperature water (20-25 ℃) until the water swelling soaking time of the seeds is 48 hours, changing water for 3 times during the seed soaking period, and spraying and wetting the light matrix seedling container cup.
(2) Accelerating germination: draining after seed soaking is finished, turning over, keeping the temperature of the seeds moderately balanced, and preparing for sowing when the seed white-spitting rate reaches 30%.
(3) Sowing: sowing in a greenhouse, wherein the room temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85%; sowing in a field, wherein the low temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, and the humidity of the matrix in the seedling container cup is ' hand-held to form clusters ' which are scattered after one touch '. The seeding amount is 2-3 grains/seedling container cup.
4. Daily management after sowing:
(1) Greenhouse management: the moisture and humidity in the greenhouse should be kept standard during sowing, the humidity and temperature can be properly reduced when the plant height reaches 200mm, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 14 days.
(2) And (3) field management: the humidity in the cup of the container for field seedling culture should be kept at the standard during sowing.
(3) And (3) temperature control management: if the humidity and the temperature are too high, the temperature can be properly reduced and ventilated, and the humidity of the matrix in the container cup is kept stable.
(4) Air root cutting: when the root system of the seedling grows out of the outer side wall of the non-woven fabric container cup by 50mm, root cutting treatment is needed to prevent and treat the root system packing.
(5) When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, thinning and transplanting can be properly performed, and meanwhile, both greenhouse management and field management should pay attention to pest control and timely weed removal, so that the stable growth environment of the seedlings is maintained.
5. Forestation in rainy season:
when the plant height of the seedlings is not lower than 500mm and the ground diameter is not lower than 50mm, transplanting operation can be carried out before the local rainy season comes, and the planting is preferably 500mm multiplied by 200mm (row spacing multiplied by plant spacing).
Proved by experimental nursery seedling raising in Shandong province forestry science institute experiments, the survival rate of the Acer buergerianum obtained by the method is up to more than 98%, and the seedling height and the ground diameter are also obviously superior to those of the traditional Acer buergerianum seedling raising method.
Experimental example 1
A method for cultivating seedlings by using a light matrix non-woven fabric container of Acer buergerianum comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection and pretreatment:
collecting seeds during the mature period of the seeds of the Acer buergerianum, removing fruit wing malformations, plant diseases and insect pests and impurities, and slightly airing. Preparing 2 times of the seeds with 900 times of bactericide (carbendazim) for cleaning river sand, mixing with wet (suitable for standing and scattering by hand), mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and packaging into net-shaped seed bags. Selecting good drainage effect of the back yin, digging holes, uniformly stacking seeds on the seeds by using thick river sand with the thickness of 100-150 mm, adding a proper amount of grass according to the quantity of the seeds to keep the seeds ventilated, and keeping the river sand moist according to the local air Wen Fugai (200-300 mm) to ensure that the river sand normally winters, wherein the river sand is required to be sterilized and disinfected.
2. Light matrix seedling container cup:
the matrix proportion is as follows: vermiculite: perlite (7:2:1)/cubic meter, 4 jin of slow release fertilizer/cubic meter, 500 times of carbendazim/cubic meter, and the cup body of the seedling raising cup is cylindrical, and the size is 100mm multiplied by 120mm (bottom diameter multiplied by cup height).
3. Seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing:
(1) Seed soaking: soaking seeds in normal temperature water (20-25 ℃) until the water swelling soaking time of the seeds is 48 hours, changing water for 3 times during the seed soaking period, and spraying and wetting the light matrix seedling container cup.
(2) Accelerating germination: draining after seed soaking is finished, turning over, keeping the temperature of the seeds moderately balanced, and preparing for sowing when the seed white-spitting rate reaches 30%.
(3) Sowing: sowing in a greenhouse, wherein the room temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85%; sowing in a field, wherein the low temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, and the humidity of the matrix in the seedling container cup is ' hand-held to form clusters ' which are scattered after one touch '. The seeding amount is 2-3 grains/seedling container cup.
4. Daily management after sowing:
(1) Greenhouse management: the moisture and humidity in the greenhouse should be kept standard during sowing, the humidity and temperature can be properly reduced when the plant height reaches 200mm, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 14 days.
(2) And (3) field management: the humidity in the cup of the container for field seedling culture should be kept at the standard during sowing.
(3) And (3) temperature control management: if the humidity and the temperature are too high, the temperature can be properly reduced and ventilated, and the humidity of the matrix in the container cup is kept stable.
(4) Air root cutting: when the root system of the seedling grows out of the outer side wall of the non-woven fabric container cup by 50mm, root cutting treatment is needed to prevent and treat the root system packing.
(5) When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, thinning and transplanting can be properly performed, and meanwhile, both greenhouse management and field management should pay attention to pest control and timely weed removal, so that the stable growth environment of the seedlings is maintained.
5. Forestation in rainy season:
when the plant height of the seedlings is not lower than 500mm and the ground diameter is not lower than 50mm, transplanting operation can be carried out before the local rainy season comes, and the planting is preferably 500mm multiplied by 200mm (row spacing multiplied by plant spacing).
The test nursery seedling of Shandong forestry science institute test shows that the survival rate of the Acer buergerianum obtained by the method is about 92%, and the height and ground diameter of the Acer buergerianum seedling are superior to those of the traditional Acer buergerianum seedling raising method.
Experimental example 2
A method for cultivating seedlings by using a light matrix non-woven fabric container of Acer buergerianum comprises the following steps:
1. seed collection and pretreatment:
collecting seeds during the mature period of the seeds of the Acer buergerianum, removing fruit wing malformations, plant diseases and insect pests and impurities, and slightly airing. Preparing 2 times of the seeds with 900 times of bactericide (carbendazim) for cleaning river sand, mixing with wet (suitable for standing and scattering by hand), mixing the soaked seeds with river sand, and packaging into net-shaped seed bags. Selecting good drainage effect of the back yin, digging holes, uniformly stacking seeds on the seeds by using thick river sand with the thickness of 100-150 mm, adding a proper amount of grass according to the quantity of the seeds to keep the seeds ventilated, and keeping the river sand moist according to the local air Wen Fugai (200-300 mm) to ensure that the river sand normally winters, wherein the river sand is required to be sterilized and disinfected.
2. Light matrix seedling container cup:
the substrate proportion is as follows: turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite (1:7:1:2)/cubic meter, 4 jin of slow release fertilizer/cubic meter, 500 times of carbendazim/cubic meter, and the cup body of the seedling raising cup is cylindrical, and the size is 100mm multiplied by 120mm (bottom diameter multiplied by cup height).
3. Seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing:
(1) Seed soaking: soaking seeds in normal temperature water (20-25 ℃) until the water swelling soaking time of the seeds is 48 hours, changing water for 3 times during the seed soaking period, and spraying and wetting the light matrix seedling container cup.
(2) Accelerating germination: draining after seed soaking is finished, turning over, keeping the temperature of the seeds moderately balanced, and preparing for sowing when the seed white-spitting rate reaches 30%.
(3) Sowing: sowing in a greenhouse, wherein the room temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85%; sowing in a field, wherein the low temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, and the humidity of the matrix in the seedling container cup is ' hand-held to form clusters ' which are scattered after one touch '. The seeding amount is 2-3 grains/seedling container cup.
4. Daily management after sowing:
(1) Greenhouse management: the moisture and humidity in the greenhouse should be kept standard during sowing, the humidity and temperature can be properly reduced when the plant height reaches 200mm, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 14 days.
(2) And (3) field management: the humidity in the cup of the container for field seedling culture should be kept at the standard during sowing.
(3) And (3) temperature control management: if the humidity and the temperature are too high, the temperature can be properly reduced and ventilated, and the humidity of the matrix in the container cup is kept stable.
(4) Air root cutting: when the root system of the seedling grows out of the outer side wall of the non-woven fabric container cup by 50mm, root cutting treatment is needed to prevent and treat the root system packing.
(5) When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, thinning and transplanting can be properly performed, and meanwhile, both greenhouse management and field management should pay attention to pest control and timely weed removal, so that the stable growth environment of the seedlings is maintained.
5. Forestation in rainy season:
when the plant height of the seedlings is not lower than 500mm and the ground diameter is not lower than 50mm, transplanting operation can be carried out before the local rainy season comes, and the planting is preferably 500mm multiplied by 200mm (row spacing multiplied by plant spacing).
The test nursery seedling of Shandong forestry science institute test shows that the survival rate of the Acer buergerianum obtained by the method is about 90%, and the height and the ground diameter of the Acer buergerianum seedling are slightly better than those of the traditional Acer buergerianum seedling raising method.
It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting thereof. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the examples given, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the technical solutions of the present invention as required, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for raising seedlings of a light matrix non-woven fabric container of acer truncatum, comprising:
s1, seed collection and pretreatment: mixing the seeds with river sand, and filling into net-shaped seed bags;
s2, preparing a light matrix seedling culture container cup: the matrix is prepared by mixing sawdust ferment, turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite, and slow release fertilizer and bactericide are applied;
s3, seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing: soaking seeds by swelling with water, draining, turning over, and sowing after the seed white-spitting rate reaches 25-35%;
the seedling raising method also comprises daily management after sowing and forestation in rainy season;
in the step S1, the specific method for seed collection and pretreatment includes:
collecting seeds of the mature period of the acer truncatum seeds, removing fruit wing defects, deformity, plant diseases and insect pests and impurities thereof, then airing, preparing clean river sand according to 2-3 times of the seeds, mixing the seeds with 800-1000 times of bactericide liquid, uniformly mixing the soaked seeds with the river sand, and filling the mixture into a net-shaped seed bag; selecting good drainage effect of the back yin, digging holes, filling the bottom with 100-150 mm river sand, uniformly stacking seeds on the holes, adding grass handles to keep seeds ventilated, covering the seeds with 200-300 mm river sand, and keeping the river sand moist to ensure that the river sand normally winters; sterilizing and disinfecting the river sand;
in the step S2, the substrate is fermented according to sawdust: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is prepared according to the volume ratio of 1-2:5-7:1-2:1, then 1-2kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each cubic meter of matrix, and 400-500 times of carbendazim is sprayed;
in the step S3, the specific method for seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing includes:
s3.1 seed soaking: soaking seeds in normal temperature water at 20-25 ℃ until the water swelling soaking time of the seeds is 40-48 hours, changing water for 2-3 times during soaking, and spraying and wetting the light matrix seedling container cup;
s3.2, germination: draining after seed soaking is finished, turning over, keeping the temperature of the seeds moderately balanced, and preparing for sowing when the seed white-out rate reaches 30%;
s3.3, sowing: sowing in a greenhouse, wherein the room temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 75-85%; sowing in a field, wherein the low temperature is not lower than 15 ℃, and the humidity of the matrix in the seedling container cup is 'held by hands to form clusters, and is dispersed after one touch';
the daily management after sowing comprises:
(1) Greenhouse management: the water and the humidity in the greenhouse are kept to be standard during sowing, the plant height is up to 190-200mm, the humidity and the temperature are reduced, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times at intervals of 10-14 days;
(2) And (3) field management: the humidity in the cup of the container for field seedling culture is kept to be standard during sowing;
(3) And (3) temperature control management: when the humidity and the temperature are too high, adopting measures of cooling and ventilating to keep the humidity of the matrix in the container cup stable;
(4) Air root cutting: when the root system of the seedling grows out of the outer side wall of the non-woven fabric container cup by 40-50mm, root cutting treatment is carried out;
(5) When the seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, thinning and transplanting are carried out, and greenhouse management and field management are carried out at the same time, including pest control and weed removal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the germicide is carbendazim or mancozeb.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rainy season forestation specific method comprises: when the plant height of the seedlings is not lower than 500mm and the ground diameter is not lower than 50mm, transplanting operation is carried out before the local rainy season comes, and the row spacing and plant spacing of the seedlings are controlled to be 480-500mm multiplied by 180-200mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the seedling container cup body is cylindrical, and the bottom diameter x cup height dimension is 80-100mm x 100-120mm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein during S3.3 sowing, the sowing amount is 2-3 grains/seedling container cup.
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