CN110972825A

CN110972825A - Technology for cultivating Yangshan rhizoma bletillae field planted seedlings once

Info

Publication number: CN110972825A
Application number: CN201911153042.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张华通; 谢新建; 黄剑雄
Original assignee: Yangshan County Sanlianyang Ecological Agriculture And Forestry Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yangshan County Sanlianyang Ecological Agriculture And Forestry Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-22
Filing date: 2019-11-22
Publication date: 2020-04-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a seedling cultivation technology, in particular to a technology for cultivating once grown seedlings by planting rhizoma bletillae in a field, which comprises the following steps: s1 selecting field planting seedling cultivation garden, S2 preparing field planting seedling cultivation facilities, S3 preparing seedling cultivation substrate, S4 hardening and root promoting cultivation of tissue culture seedlings, S5 bottle out and cleaning of tissue culture seedlings, S6 disinfecting and airing of tissue culture seedlings, S7 tissue culture seedling cultivation, S8 tissue culture seedling cultivation and domestication management, S9 field planting seedling cultivation management and S10 field planting seedling out, the field planting seedlings of the invention are cultivated once, without two different places of tissue culture seedling cultivation and field planting seedling cultivation, thus reducing the needed labor and reducing the seedling loss, not only saving the cost and land, but also reducing the squatting stage when the seedlings are transplanted again, and shortening the seedling period from the beginning of tissue culture seedling transplantation to the beginning of field planting seedling transplantation; the method has the advantages of high quality of seedlings, rapid production, high efficiency and low cost, and can be used for industrial large-scale production of high-quality seedlings.

Description

Technology for cultivating Yangshan rhizoma bletillae field planted seedlings once

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seedling cultivation technology, in particular to a technology for cultivating once-forming planted seedlings of Yangshan bletilla striata in a field.

Background

The rhizoma bletillae seedling cultivation mainly comprises two modes, one mode is that the traditional rhizoma bletillae seedling cultivation is carried out through tissue culture seedling cultivation and field seedling cultivation for two times of transplantation, and the other mode is a more advanced one-time seedling cultivation technology.

For example, the Chinese patent discloses a method for one-time seedling formation of bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings, wherein the propagation culture and rooting culture of the bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings are completed on a culture medium for sterile seeding, only a first culture medium is required to be prepared, and a propagation inducer and a rooting bulb inducer are sequentially added into culture bottle seedlings, so that the bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings from seeds to the rooting bulb seedlings can be completed at one time, and the seedlings can be taken out of the culture bottle and hardened.

The technical proposal can not obtain semi-finished seedlings planted in the field for 2-3 years, and a large amount of proliferation inducer and rooting and bulb-grafting inducer are added, which is not beneficial to the application of bletilla striata as a traditional Chinese medicine or a medicinal component.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a bletilla striata field planting seedling cultivation technology for efficient seedling formation.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the technology for cultivating once-forming seedlings by planting the bletilla striata in the Yangshan land comprises the following steps:

s1 selection of field planting nursery land

An open area with flat terrain, transparent periphery, sufficient light and good drainage is selected, and if a hillside is used, a south side is selected.

S2 preparation of facilities for planting seedlings in field

And installing a plastic greenhouse, wherein the plastic greenhouse is provided with a cultivation environment condition regulation facility and comprises a light regulation system, a humidity condition system, a ventilation regulation system and a spraying system.

S3 seedling substrate preparation

1. The seedling culture substrate is a transplanting substrate, the transplanting substrate comprises a top part and a bottom part, wherein the bottom part is a mixed substrate, the mixed substrate comprises peat soil, organic humus and clean river sand, and the weight ratio of the peat soil to the organic humus to the clean river sand is 6:2:2, wherein the top is clean river sand.

2. Matrix disinfection: the matrix disinfectant is potassium permanganate and 50% of sodium disulfate (or soil bactericides such as fenaminosulf and Guoguanling). The specific operation method comprises mixing matrix with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution while stirring, spraying to make the matrix wet to uniform degree, and spraying 500 times of 50% sodium sulfadiazine (or soil bactericide such as fenaminosulf and Guoguanling) solution on alternate days.

3. Laying a transplanting bed and filling a matrix: the ground of the transplanting shed is higher than the surrounding ground, drainage ditches are arranged around the transplanting shed, the height of the bed edge of the transplanting bed is about 15cm, the transplanting shed can be built by red bricks for construction, the transplanting shed is 1.2m wide, the length of the transplanting shed is specifically determined by the length of the transplanting shed, and 40cm footpaths are paved by red bricks for construction at intervals between the bed and the bed. The transplanting bed is filled with transplanting substrates, and the filling height of the transplanting substrates is about 2cm lower than the bed edge. The transplanting matrix is divided into two parts, and the bottom part is mixed matrix peat soil: organic humus (fermented dry cow dung or dry sheep dung): the clean river sand is 6:2:2 and 8-10 cm thick, and the surface layer is pure clean river sand and 3.0-3.5 cm thick.

S4 tissue culture seedling hardening and root-promoting culture

1. And (4) carrying out root promoting culture and hardening on the rhizoma bletillae tissue culture seedlings in a plastic greenhouse. The seedling exercising method reasonably adjusts the illumination intensity of the rooting seedling culture and exercising according to the principle of 'from weak to strong', avoids the poor growth of the seedlings caused by burning the seedlings due to too strong light or too weak light, and timely adjusts the temperature, the humidity and the like of the exercising according to the weather change.

2. Tissue culture seedling hardening and root promoting culture conditions (seedling hardening plastic greenhouse): the temperature is 18.5-28.5 ℃, the illumination intensity is 6000-8500 Lux, and the illumination time is 8-11 h.

3. The tissue culture seedling hardening and root promoting culture process comprises the following steps: preparing materials for hardening seedling and promoting root culture after the transfer on the superclean bench, immediately sealing the joint of a bottle cap and a bottle by using a preservative film on the same day after the transfer, and putting the bottle cap and the bottle into a seedling hardening plastic greenhouse for hardening seedling culture every other day.

4. The tissue culture seedling hardening and root promoting culture time is generally 50-70 d, and the specific time is determined according to actual conditions.

5. The quality standard of the tissue culture seedling is as follows: (1) the leaves are green, and the number of the leaves reaches more than 3; (2) the diameter of the pseudobulb is more than 0.5 cm; (3) developed (more than 3) root systems and stout; (3) the plant height is more than 8cm (the top blade tip is long to the base of the false bulb); (4) the growth is normal.

S5 tissue culture seedling bottle discharging and cleaning

1. Separating the tissue culture seedling to be cleaned into pollution-free seedling and pollution seedling, and cleaning separately to prevent cross contamination.

2. Tissue culture seedling and bottle discharging: the refined tissue culture seedlings are gently taken out from the culture bottle (care is taken not to hurt roots as much as possible) by using forceps and then put into a prepared clean plastic basin.

3. Tissue culture seedling cleaning: the tissue culture seedling needs to be cleaned with clean water for three times, the first time is to remove the culture medium attached to the tissue culture seedling in the plastic basin, the culture medium without residual base is needed, and the root and seedling are damaged as little as possible. And then cleaned twice with clean water.

S6 tissue culture seedling disinfection and airing seedling

1. Sterilizing pollution-free seedlings: and soaking the cleaned tissue culture seedlings in 0.02% potassium permanganate solution for 5min, taking out, cleaning with clear water once, and cleaning residual potassium permanganate solution attached to the seedlings.

2. Disinfecting the polluted seedlings: the cleaned tissue culture seedlings are soaked in 0.02 percent potassium permanganate solution for 5min, then taken out, cleaned once by tap water, soaked in 1000 times of 70 percent carbendazim (or thiophanate methyl, chlorothalonil and the like) solution and then taken out.

3. And (4) placing the sterilized tissue culture seedlings in a ventilated and shady place for air drying until the moisture attached to the surfaces of the seedlings is just disappeared.

S7 tissue culture seedling planting

1. Tissue culture seedling grading: the tissue culture seedlings after cleaning, sterilizing and airing are classified into one, two, three and stepless grades.

First-stage: (1) the leaves are green, and the number of the leaves reaches more than 3; (2) the diameter of the pseudobulb is more than 0.7 cm; (3) developed (more than 4) root systems and stout; (3) the plant height is more than 10cm (the top blade tip is long to the base of the false bulb); (4) the growth is normal;

and (2) second stage: (1) the leaves are green, and the number of the leaves reaches more than 3; (2) the diameter of the pseudobulb is 0.5-0.7 cm; (3) the root system is developed (2-3 strips) and is robust; (3) the plant height is 6-8 cm (the top blade tip is long until the base of the false-scale stem is long); (4) the growth is normal;

third-stage: in the first case, (1) the leaves are green, and the number of the leaves reaches 2-3; (2) the diameter of the pseudobulb is 0.3-0.5 cm; (3) the root system is generally (1-2); (3) the plant height is 4-6 cm (the top blade tip is long until the base of the false bulb); (4) the growth is normal. In the second case (1), the leaves die but the pseudobulb and root system remain intact; (2) the diameter of the pseudobulb is more than 0.5 cm; (3) developed root system (more than 2 to 3)

Stepless: except the first, second and third stages, the rest are all classified into stepless.

2. Tissue culture seedling planting: planting the plants in different grades and regions and planting the plants on the surface river sand layer, wherein the plant-row spacing is 5 multiplied by 5 cm. During planting, the roots are evacuated and embedded into the matrix together with the pseudobulbs. The substrate should cover the top of the pseudo bulb, just bury the pseudo bulb, can not cover the leaf base, otherwise can cause the seedling to rot because of drenching improperly, also can not plant too shallowly, otherwise be unfavorable for the growth of new root of seedling. After planting, the seedlings are lightly pinched by hands to ensure that the roots of the seedlings are fully contacted with the matrix, and the sterilizing and root-promoting growth nutrient solution (the formula of the sterilizing and root-promoting growth nutrient solution: 1/4MS mineral elements, NAA0.2mg/L, 6BA0.5mg/L and 40 percent of carbendazim (or thiophanate-methyl) 500 solution mixed solution) is sprayed.

S8 tissue culture seedling culture domestication management

1. Humidity management: after the tissue culture seedling is planted, the management of a culture domestication environment must be enhanced, generally, the humidity of about 20 days before the culture domestication environment is kept about 60-75%, ventilation and ventilation are kept, the humidity can be gradually reduced by ventilation according to the domestication condition, and the culture domestication environment can be released according to the conventional management after the seedlings grow new roots and new buds.

2. Illumination management: the freshly planted bletilla striata seedlings need to be shaded (covered by 80% shading nets), the illumination is too strong, the seedlings are easy to burn, high temperature and high humidity in a shed are easy to cause diseases due to the fact that the greenhouse is not ventilated, and the seedlings die seriously. After 180 days, the illumination is enhanced, the shading degree is kept to be about 50-60%, the illumination is continuously enhanced after one year, and the shading degree can be reduced to be about 20-30%, so that the bletilla striata is more suitable for natural conditions when being planted in a field after being outplanted, and the field growth of the bletilla striata is more facilitated.

3. Water content management: the moisture of the matrix must be kept in a wet state all the time, the moisture cannot be excessive, otherwise, seedlings are easy to mildew and rot, when the surface of stem is dry, the stem is wetted by spraying and often ventilated for cooling, attention is paid to observation, when the stem is dry, water is sprayed in time, when the stem is sprayed, a spraying mode is required, and the fact that a water faucet is directly opposite to flushing is avoided. The amount of the sprayed water is less firstly and more secondly, so that the substrate is kept in a wet state (the wet hand is pinched by hands but no water is dripped) at the position 1-3 cm away from the surface in the first 7d, and the growth of roots is promoted. After new roots grow out in about 25-30 days, the terminal buds start to be drawn high, seedlings start to survive and grow, and the water is sprayed to ensure that all substrates are wet (the wet hands are pinched by hands but no water is dripped).

4. Temperature management: the growth temperature of the bletilla striata is generally 15-30 ℃, the optimal growth temperature is 20-23 ℃, the growth is stopped when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, leaves under 10 ℃ are dried up and enter dormancy, and the growth is slow and seedlings are easy to burn when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃. Therefore, after tissue culture seedling planting, the temperature of the early stage cultivation and domestication environment is preferably controlled to be 20-28 ℃, at the temperature, the seedlings start to grow new roots after about 25 days generally, the terminal buds are elongated to be high, if the temperature requirement cannot be met, the temperature is controlled to be within the range of 15-32 ℃, otherwise, the test-tube seedling transplanting fails. And at the later stage, generally about 270d, the management can be carried out according to the conventional management.

5. Ventilation management: through ventilation, the humidity and the temperature of the transplanting environment and the freshness of air can be adjusted, thereby being beneficial to the growth of seedlings and the control of diseases. The whole process of cultivation, domestication and planting needs to be always ventilated.

6. And (3) fertilizer management: spraying 3 times with a sterilizing and root-promoting growth nutrient solution (a formula is mixed solution of 1/4MS mineral elements, NAA0.2mg/L, 6BA0.5mg/L and 40% carbendazim (or thiophanate-methyl) 500 solution) 10 days before tissue culture seedling planting, wherein the spraying is carried out 1 time every 3 days until the surface layer of the matrix is wet. When new roots grow and grow high, water and fertilizer can be sprayed on the substrate, and the formula of the water and fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to the proportion of 1: 1: 0.5: 0.5 was made up to a total concentration of 2000ppm in aqueous solution and applied every 7 days.

7. And (3) pest control: the bactericide is sprayed on the test-tube plantlet 20 days before transplantation, 1 time every 7 days, the bactericide such as carbendazim, halobios, thiophanate methyl, sodium disulide, Guoguanying sodium and Guoguanling can be used alternatively, the bactericide is sprayed once every 10 days later, and after 60 days, the disease prevention and treatment can be carried out in time according to the occurrence condition of diseases. And (3) if diseases occur, timely removing the disease plants, spraying the pesticide once every 2-3 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times. The bactericide must be used interchangeably, and in particular, it may be used in combination of a plurality of kinds (the basic drug cannot be mixed with the acidic drug) and validamycin may be added.

S9 cultivation and management of seedlings planted in field

After the tissue culture and seedling domestication cultivation for one year, the seedlings are required to enter a field for planting and cultivation, the field for planting and cultivation is further cultivated, and the seedlings can be used for full ecological planting in a finished product planting production base after more than one year of cultivation.

1. Thinning and transplanting: after one year of tissue culture, seedling forming, domestication and cultivation, thinning and transplanting are carried out, thinning is carried out according to a method of reserving one seedling in a row, and the row spacing of the reserved seedlings is kept to be 10 multiplied by 10 cm. In addition, the pulled seedlings are transferred to a new seedbed for planting, and the row spacing of the seedlings is kept at 10 multiplied by 10 cm.

2. Humidity management: the humidity is kept at about 50-80%, and ventilation is kept.

3. Illumination management: the shading degree can be reduced to about 20-30%, and even full exposure can be properly carried out in a certain time, so that the method is more suitable for natural conditions when the bletilla striata is planted in a field after outplanting, and is more favorable for the field growth of the bletilla striata.

4. Water content management: the water on the surface of the substrate is properly kept in a dry-wet alternate state, ventilation and cooling are often carried out, attention is paid to observation, water is sprayed in time when the substrate is dry, a spraying mode is required when the substrate is sprayed, and direct spraying by a water tap is forbidden.

5. Temperature management: the temperature is generally kept within the range of 10-32 ℃, and the control is carried out according to the conventional control.

6. Ventilation management: the whole planting process needs to be always ventilated.

7. And (3) fertilizer management: spraying the water fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein the water fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to the proportion of 1: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5 is prepared into water solution with total concentration of 2000ppm for application, and proper amount of trace elements such as boron, iron, zinc and the like are added.

8. And (3) pest control: the pesticide is used according to the planting requirement of GAP of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and can be sprayed for preventing and treating diseases in time according to the occurrence condition of diseases and insect pests. When insect pests and diseases occur, the pests and the diseased plants are removed in time, and the pesticide is sprayed once every 2 to 3 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times. The agents must be used interchangeably, and in particular cases, they may be used in combination (basic agents cannot be mixed with acidic agents) and validamycin, agricultural streptomycin, etc. may be added.

9. Weeding and loosening soil: weeding and loosening soil are carried out once by combining thinning, and weeding and loosening soil are carried out once after half a year.

S10 seedling transplanting in field

1. The quality standard of seedlings planted in the field is as follows: (1) the leaves are full, the color of the leaves is dark green, the leaves are spread, and the number of the leaves reaches more than 3; (2) the leaves are thick and strong, and the plant height is more than 25cm (the top leaves are long from the leaf tips to the base of the false-scale stems); (3) the root system is developed, the plant is healthy, and no diseases or insect pests exist; (4) the growth is normal and no distortion phenomenon exists; (5) the diameter of the pseudobulb is more than 2.0 cm; (6) transplanting, cultivating, domesticating and planting in plastic greenhouse for more than 2 years.

2. Planting seedlings in a field and outplanting: after 2 years of cultivation, domestication and planting, the seedlings meeting the quality standard of field planting can be outplanted for ecological planting in a production base.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the seedlings planted in the field are cultivated once to form seedlings, and the tissue culture seedling formation planting and the field seedling cultivation twice different-place planting are not needed, so that the labor required by the planting can be reduced, and the seedling loss can be reduced. Not only saves cost and land, but also reduces the squatting stage caused by transplanting and replanting, and shortens the seedling stage from the beginning of tissue culture seedling transplantation; the seedling cultivation production operation is simple and convenient, the production capacity is strong, and the time from sowing to outplanting for ecological planting in a production base is only 2 years; the semi-finished seedlings planted in the field for 2-3 years are cultivated to have high survival rate and high growth speed; the method has the advantages of high quality of seedlings, rapid production, high efficiency and low cost, and can be used for industrial large-scale production of high-quality seedlings.

Detailed Description

Selection of field planting nursery garden

The nursery land for transplanting the test-tube plantlets requires a flat terrain, transparent surroundings, sufficient illumination, good drainage, clean and pollution-free open areas, and the south side is required to be selected if the hillside is used.

(II) preparation of facilities for planting and cultivating seedlings in field

1. The standard plastic greenhouse is preferably installed on condition, and the plastic greenhouse must be provided with various cultivation environment condition regulation and control facilities including a light regulation system, a humidity condition system, a ventilation regulation system, a spraying system and the like.

2. If the conditions are not satisfied, a temporary simple plastic shed can be adopted, but the temporary simple plastic shed needs to be rain-proof, and is easy to perform operations such as ventilation, illumination adjustment, temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment, water spraying, fertilization, pest control and the like.

(III) preparation of seedling substrate

1. Preparing a matrix: the matrix used for transplanting the test-tube plantlets is required to be clean, have good ventilation and drainage and have certain water and fertilizer retention capacity. The transplanting matrix is divided into two parts, the bottom is a mixed matrix, peat soil: organic humus (fermented dry cow dung or dry sheep dung): the clean river sand is 6:2:2, and the surface layer is pure clean river sand.

3. Laying a transplanting bed and filling a matrix: the ground of the transplanting shed is higher than the surrounding ground, drainage ditches are arranged around the transplanting shed, the height of the bed edge of the transplanting bed is about 15cm, the transplanting shed can be built by red bricks for construction, the transplanting shed is 1.2m wide, the length of the transplanting shed is specifically determined according to the length, and 40cm footpaths are paved by red bricks for construction at intervals between the bed and the bed. The transplanting bed is filled with transplanting substrates, and the filling height of the transplanting substrates is about 2cm lower than the bed edge. The transplanting matrix is divided into two parts, and the bottom part is mixed matrix peat soil: organic humus (fermented dry cow dung or dry sheep dung): the clean river sand is 6:2:2 and 8-10 cm thick, and the surface layer is pure clean river sand and 3.0-3.5 cm thick.

(IV) hardening off and root-promoting culture of tissue culture seedling

(V) tissue culture seedling taking out of bottle and cleaning

(VI) sterilizing and airing the tissue culture grown seedlings

(VII) tissue culture seedling planting

(VIII) tissue culture seedling culture domestication management

(ninth) cultivation management of field planting seedlings

(ten) field planting seedling outplanting

The foregoing embodiments and description have been presented only to illustrate the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

Claims

1. The technique for cultivating once-forming seedlings by planting the bletilla striata in the Yangshan land is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:

s1 selection of field planting nursery land

Selecting an open area with flat terrain, transparent periphery, sufficient illumination and good drainage;

s2 preparation of facilities for planting seedlings in field

Installing a plastic greenhouse, wherein the plastic greenhouse is provided with a cultivation environment condition regulation facility which comprises a light regulation system, a humidity condition system, a ventilation regulation system and a spraying system;

s3 seedling substrate preparation

1. The seedling culture substrate is a transplanting substrate, the transplanting substrate comprises a top part and a bottom part, wherein the bottom part is a mixed substrate, the mixed substrate comprises peat soil, organic humus and clean river sand, and the weight ratio of the peat soil to the organic humus to the clean river sand is 6:2:2, wherein the top is clean river sand;

2. matrix disinfection: potassium permanganate and 50% of sodium sulfadiazine are used as a matrix disinfectant;

3. laying a transplanting bed and filling a matrix: the ground of the transplanting shed is higher than the surrounding ground, drainage ditches are arranged around the transplanting shed, the bed edge of the transplanting bed is about 15cm in height and can be built by red bricks for buildings, the width of the transplanting shed is 1.2m, the length of the transplanting shed is specifically determined according to the length of the transplanting shed, and 40cm footpaths are paved by the red bricks for buildings at intervals between the beds; filling the transplanting matrix in the transplanting bed, wherein the filling height of the transplanting matrix is 2cm lower than the edge of the bed;

s4 tissue culture seedling hardening and root-promoting culture

1. Carrying out root promoting culture and hardening on rhizoma bletillae tissue culture seedlings in a plastic greenhouse;

2. the tissue culture seedling hardening seedling root promoting culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 18.5-28.5 ℃, the illumination intensity is 6000-8500 Lux, and the illumination time is 8-11 h;

3. the tissue culture seedling hardening and root promoting culture process comprises the following steps: preparing materials for hardening seedling and promoting root culture after the materials are transferred on a superclean bench, immediately sealing the joint of a bottle cap and a bottle by using a preservative film on the same day after the materials are transferred, and putting the materials into a seedling hardening plastic greenhouse for hardening seedling culture every other day;

4. the tissue culture seedling hardening and root promoting culture time is generally 50-70 d;

5. the quality standard of the tissue culture seedling is as follows: (1) the leaves are green, and the number of the leaves reaches more than 3; (2) the diameter of the pseudobulb is more than 0.5 cm; (3) developed (more than 3) root systems and stout; (3) the plant height is more than 8 cm; (4) the growth is normal;

s5 tissue culture seedling bottle discharging and cleaning

1. Separating pollution-free seedlings and pollution seedlings from tissue culture seedlings needing to be cleaned, and cleaning the pollution-free seedlings and the pollution seedlings separately;

2. tissue culture seedling and bottle discharging: gently clamping the refined tissue culture seedlings out of the culture bottle by using tweezers, and putting the seedlings into a prepared clean plastic basin;

3. tissue culture seedling cleaning: cleaning the tissue culture seedlings with clean water for three times, firstly removing the culture medium attached to the tissue culture seedlings in the plastic basin, and then cleaning with clean water for two times;

s6 tissue culture seedling disinfection and airing seedling

1. Sterilizing pollution-free seedlings: soaking the cleaned tissue culture seedlings in 0.02% potassium permanganate solution for 5min, taking out, cleaning with clear water, and cleaning residual potassium permanganate solution attached to the seedlings;

2. disinfecting the polluted seedlings: soaking the cleaned tissue culture seedlings in 0.02% potassium permanganate solution for 5 min; then taking out, washing with tap water once, soaking with 1000 times of 70% carbendazim solution, and taking out;

3. placing the sterilized tissue culture seedlings in a ventilated and cool place for air drying until the moisture attached to the surfaces of the seedlings is just disappeared;

s7 tissue culture seedling planting

1. Tissue culture seedling grading: classifying the tissue culture seedlings after cleaning, sterilizing and airing the seedlings into one, two, three and stepless classes;

2. tissue culture seedling planting: planting the plants in different grades and regions and planting the plants on the surface river sand layer, wherein the plant-row spacing is 5 multiplied by 5 cm. During planting, the roots are evacuated and are embedded into the matrix together with the pseudo bulbs;

s8 tissue culture seedling culture domestication management

1. Humidity management: after the tissue culture seedling is planted, the management of a culture domestication environment must be enhanced, generally, the humidity of about 20 days before the culture domestication environment is kept about 60-75%, ventilation and ventilation are kept, the humidity can be gradually reduced by ventilation according to the domestication condition, and the culture domestication environment can be released according to the conventional management after the seedlings grow new roots and new buds;

2. illumination management: shading the freshly planted bletilla striata seedlings, covering the bletilla striata seedlings by 80% of a shading net, enhancing illumination after 180 days, keeping the shading degree to be about 50-60%, continuously enhancing illumination after one year, and reducing the shading degree to be about 20-30%;

3. water content management: the moisture of the matrix must be kept in a wet state all the time, when the surface of the stem is dry, spraying and ventilating for cooling are carried out, attention is paid to observation, when the surface is dry, water is sprayed in time, and a spraying mode is adopted during water spraying, so that the matrix in the first 7d is kept in the wet state at a position 1-3 cm away from the surface;

4. temperature management: after tissue culture seedling planting, the temperature of the early-stage cultivation and domestication environment is preferably controlled to be between 20 and 28 ℃;

5. ventilation management: the whole process of cultivation, domestication and planting needs to be always ventilated;

6. and (3) fertilizer management: the sterilization root growth promoting nutrient solution can be used 10 days before the tissue culture seedling planting, and the formula of the sterilization root growth promoting nutrient solution is as follows: 1/4MS mixed liquid of mineral elements, NAA0.2mg/L, 6BA0.5mg/L and 40% carbendazim 500 liquid is sprayed for 3 times, 1 time every 3 days, and when the surface layer of the substrate is wet, new roots grow and grow, water and fertilizer are sprayed on the substrate, wherein the water and fertilizer formula comprises that potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate are sprayed according to the proportion of 1: 1: 0.5: 0.5 to a total concentration of 2000ppm in water solution, every 7 days;

7. and (3) pest control: spraying bactericide for 1 time every 7 days before test-tube plantlet transplantation, alternately using carbendazim, haloxyfop, thiophanate methyl, sodium disulfate, Guoguanying sodium and Guoguanling bactericide, spraying bactericide for once every 10 days later, and spraying pesticide for preventing and treating diseases in time after 60 days according to disease occurrence conditions; and (3) generating diseases, timely removing the diseased plants, spraying the pesticide once every 2-3 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.

S9 cultivation and management of seedlings planted in field

After one year of tissue culture, domestication and cultivation, the seedlings are cultivated in field, the field seedlings are further cultivated, and the seedlings are cultivated for more than one year and then can be used for full ecological planting in a finished product planting production base;

s10 seedling transplanting in field

1. The quality standard of seedlings planted in the field is as follows: (1) the leaves are full, the color of the leaves is dark green, the leaves are spread, and the number of the leaves reaches more than 3; (2) the leaves are strong and the plant height is more than 25 cm; (3) the root system is developed, the plant is healthy, and no diseases or insect pests exist; (4) the growth is normal and no distortion phenomenon exists; (5) the diameter of the pseudobulb is more than 2.0 cm; (6) transplanting, cultivating, domesticating and planting in a plastic greenhouse for more than 2 years;

2. The technique for cultivating once-grown seedlings of planted rhizoma bletillae in field of Yangshan and field of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S3, the specific operation method of substrate disinfection is to spray 0.2% potassium permanganate solution while stirring to uniformly wet the substrate, and then to use the substrate after filling in the next day by spraying 500 times of 50% sodium sulfadiazine solution.

3. The technique for cultivating once-grown seedlings of planted rhizoma bletillae in field of Yangshan and field of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the transplanting matrix for the transplanting bed laying and matrix filling is divided into a bottom part and a top part, wherein the bottom part is mixed matrix peat soil: the thickness is 8-10 cm, the top is clean river sand, and the thickness is 3.0-3.5 cm.

4. The technique for cultivating once-grown seedlings of planted rhizoma bletillae in field of Yangshan and field of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S7, the grading standard of tissue culture seedling grading is as follows:

5. The technique for cultivating once-grown seedlings of planted rhizoma bletillae in field of Yangshan and field of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S7, the method for embedding the substrate together with the pseudo bulbs in the tissue culture seedling planting comprises the following steps: covering the top of the pseudo bulb with a substrate, just burying the pseudo bulb without covering a leaf substrate, after planting, lightly pinching with hands to make the root of the seedling fully contact with the substrate, spraying and sterilizing the root growth promoting nutrient solution, and preparing the sterilization root growth promoting nutrient solution formula: 1/4MS mineral element + NAA0.2mg/L +6BA0.5mg/L + 40% carbendazim 500 liquid.

6. The technique for cultivating once-grown seedlings of planted rhizoma bletillae in field of Yangshan and field of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the S9, the cultivation method of the field planting seedlings comprises the following steps:

1. thinning and transplanting: after one year of tissue culture seedling domestication cultivation, thinning and moving a bed, thinning by a method of reserving one seedling, and keeping the row spacing of the reserved seedlings at 10 multiplied by 10 cm; in addition, the pulled seedlings are moved to a new seedbed for planting, and the row spacing of the seedlings is kept to be 10 multiplied by 10 cm;

2. humidity management: the humidity is kept at about 50-80%, and ventilation is kept;

3. illumination management: the shading degree can be reduced to about 20-30%;

4. water content management: properly keeping the moisture on the surface of the substrate in a dry-wet alternate state, ventilating and cooling, paying attention to observation, spraying water in time when dry, and adopting a spraying mode when spraying water;

5. temperature management: the temperature is generally kept within the range of 10-32 ℃;

6. ventilation management: ventilation is required to be kept all the time in the whole planting process;

7. and (3) fertilizer management: spraying the water fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein the water fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to the proportion of 1: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5 is prepared into water solution with total concentration of 2000ppm for application, and a proper amount of trace elements such as boron, iron, zinc and the like are added;

8. and (3) pest control: insect pests and diseases occur, the pests and the diseased plants are removed in time, the pesticide is sprayed once every 2 to 3 days, and the pesticide is continuously sprayed for 2 to 3 times;