CN103270863A - Bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Provided is a bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method. Fermented bark and a mixture of humus and river sand serve as a base material, the base material is laid on a seedling cultivation vessel, 1-2 layers of gauze is laid on the base material, water is poured to soak the base material, bletilla striata seeds are sown on the gauze, a transparent plastic film is utilized to wrap the seedling cultivation vessel, and the seedling cultivation vessel is placed in an artificial intelligent cultivation box to grow seedlings and strengthen the seedlings. The bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method breaks through a traditional corm planting and cultivation mode of bletilla striata, the quality degeneration problem existing in vegetative propagation is resolved, and a new path is created for sexual propagation seedling cultivation of the bletilla striata genus of orchidaceae. The bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method is simple in operation, low in cost and short in seedling cultivation period; the germination rate reaches up to 90%, the planting percent is 70%-80%, and good practical popularization significance is provided for large-scale propagation seedling cultivation of the bletilla striata.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant artificial planting technique field, be specifically related to the quick breeding and seedling method of orchid bletilla.
Background technology
Bletilla (Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray) Rchb) is the orchid family bletilla platymiscium, ground such as main product Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi.Bletilla is as China's traditional Chinese medicine, and medicinal part is underground pseudobulb, and the effect of astringing to arrest bleeding, nourishing generate fluid, myogenic pain relieving is arranged.In recent years result of study shows, the chemical composition of a large amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is glucomannans in the bletilla pseudobulb, and its physicochemical property is basic similar with gum Arabic and tragacanth, alternative they as supensoid agent and emulsifier for food and chemical field.In addition, show according to modern pharmacological research, bletilla polysaccharide also have reduce stimulate, protection skin, function such as delay senility, be the higher medical material of safety.
Along with deepening continuously of research, the range of application of bletilla also more and more widely, the demand in market increases year by year, adds the immoderate exhaustive exploitation of people and excavates, and has caused the bletilla resource once deficient.Find that by research and investigation the bletilla seed is tiny, no endosperm has only the embryo of ateliosis and the kind skin of the unicellular formation of one deck, if under field conditions (factors) or employing conventional breeding mode, seed can't be sprouted at all.Existing bletilla plantation is mainly bred in the plant division mode, and reproduction rate is low, reproduction speed is slow, and present output does not satisfy the demand in market far away.Adopt aseptic fast seedling growing technology can shorten the growth cycle of bletilla seedling, significantly improve the emergence rate of seed, but its cost of investment height, complicated operating process.And in plant tissue culture course, various variations may occur among regeneration plant and the offspring, and this variation has generality.Because mostly these variations are some bad variations, these variations will cause bigger loss and harm in production.
Show according to the study simultaneously, the well-developed bletilla of a strain, every scape can produce 8～13 pieces of fruit pods every year, and in each fruit pod several thousand to several ten thousand seeds is arranged.But because difficult this undisputable fact of sprouting of bletilla seed makes the resource of bletilla acrial part often be ignored by the people.As long as so break this bottleneck of seed germination of bletilla, just can start out the novel seedling raising manners of a cost-saving synergistic.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome that traditional bletilla planting patterns reproduction rate is low, reproduction speed is slow, the high shortcoming of cost, and a kind of method of saving the quick breeding and seedling of bletilla artificial, that cost is low, efficient is high is provided.
Solving the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts is made up of following step:
1, harvesting and the preservation of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo reaches 18 weeks above bletillas fruit pods age and plucks, the bletilla fruit pod of plucking is packed in the kraft paper bag, place the ventilating and cooling place to dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator.
2, preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting is that 1～5:3～8:1 mixes with the bark that fermented and humus, river sand according to mass ratio, sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix.
3, planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step 1 low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in the fruit pod, seed and ash mixed for 1:500～1000 by volume mix thoroughly, step 2 matrix prepared is tiled on the ware of growing seedlings, the thickness of matrix is 1/3～1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, 1～2 layer of gauze waters water saturates matrix on the matrix upper berth, with the seed of writing brush after with mixing according to 3～5/cm
2Density sow uniformly on gauze, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of will growing seedlings, place in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
4, strong sprout
Threw off the plastic film on the ware of growing seedlings after growing seedlings 20～30 days, spraying the blue precious short liquid, mass fraction of giving birth to weekly respectively is that 1% calcium chloride water and mass fraction are 1% the root-inducing powder aqueous solution each 1 time, the ambient humidity of growing seedlings is 70%～80%, and every month with insecticide desinsection 1 time.
The above-mentioned blue precious short liquid of giving birth to is made by oneself by national engineering laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University, its compound method is: add 6-benzyl aminoadenine, methyl in the MS liquid nutrient medium that does not add agar and sucrose, obtain mother liquor, add 6-benzyl aminoadenine 10.0mg, methyl 2.5mg in every liter of medium, mother liquor and distilled water by volume for 1:50 mixes, are mixed with the blue precious short liquid of giving birth to; Root-inducing powder is provided by Zhuhai right way Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
5, transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm, do hardening and handle and transplant.
In the preparation matrix step 2 of the present invention, the bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting is that 2:4:1 mixes with bark and humus, river sand the best according to volume ratio, sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix.
In strong sprout of the present invention step 4, the mode that described ambient humidity adopts Fine spray shower nozzle to water is regulated.
Insecticide of the present invention is that packed eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, and flower fertilizer factory provides by the Wuwei County, Anhui Province, and root was irritated or directly sprinkling after every gram eupolyphage sece steleophaga was killed and converted water 1L only.
The present invention has broken through the traditional bulb of bletilla and has planted the pattern of growing seedlings, and has solved the quality deterioration problem that exists in the vegetative propagation, grows seedlings for the sexual propagation of the orchid family bletilla genus and has started a new way.Use by the inventive method, the germination rate of bletilla seed is up to 90%, it is neat to emerge, planting percent is 70%～80%, and growing-seedling period is short, and simple to operate, cost is lower, again in conjunction with the huge natural quality of seed amount in the bletilla fruit pod, the large-scale breeding of bletilla is grown seedlings had the practical significance in economic, the production.Simultaneously because the orchid family seed germination approach basically identical, thereby the inventive method has certain versatility for the cultivation of orchid seedling, can be used for the large tracts of land scale breeding of orchid.We have adopted the inventive method that orchid bletilla, dendrobium candidum have been carried out the direct sowing and seedling of seed at present, all obtain satisfied effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be under the illumination condition different seedling raising mannerses to the influence of bletilla seed germination rate.
Fig. 2 is the influence that different seedling raising mannerses grow to the live seedling of bletilla under the illumination condition.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, harvesting and the preservation of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo reaches 18 weeks above bletillas fruit pods age and plucks, the bletilla fruit pod of plucking is packed in the kraft paper bag, place the ventilating and cooling place to dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator.
2, preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting is that 2:4:1 mixes with the bark that fermented and humus, river sand according to mass ratio, sprays carbendazim and eupolyphage sece steleophaga and kills only, is mixed with matrix.
Above-mentioned insecticide is that packed eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, and flower fertilizer factory provides by the Wuwei County, Anhui Province.
3, planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step 1 low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in the fruit pod, seed for mixing, is mixed thoroughly 1:500 by volume with ash, step 2 matrix prepared is tiled on the ware of growing seedlings, the thickness of matrix is 1/3 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, 1 layer of gauze waters water saturates matrix on the matrix upper berth, with the seed of writing brush after with mixing according to 3/cm
2Density sow uniformly on gauze, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of will growing seedlings, place in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
4, strong sprout
Threw off the plastic film on the ware of growing seedlings after growing seedlings 30 days, spraying the blue precious short liquid, mass fraction of giving birth to weekly respectively is that 1% calcium chloride water and mass fraction are 1% the root-inducing powder aqueous solution each 1 time, water with Fine spray shower nozzle, the ambient humidity that keeps growing seedlings is 70%, kills water purification solution root with the eupolyphage sece steleophaga of 1g/L and irritates desinsection 1 time in every month.
The above-mentioned blue precious short liquid of giving birth to is made by oneself by national engineering laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University, its compound method is: do not add to 1L and add 10.0mg6-benzyl aminoadenine, 2.5mg methyl in the MS liquid nutrient medium of agar and sucrose, obtain mother liquor, every 20mL mother liquor adds 1L distilled water, is mixed with the blue precious short liquid of giving birth to; Root-inducing powder is provided by Zhuhai right way Bioisystech Co., Ltd; Eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, and flower fertilizer factory provides by the Wuwei County, Anhui Province.
5, transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm, do hardening and handle and transplant.
Embodiment 2
1, harvesting and the preservation of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo reaches 18 weeks above bletillas fruit pods age and plucks, the bletilla fruit pod of plucking is packed in the kraft paper bag, place the ventilating and cooling place to dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator.
2, preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting is that 1:3:1 mixes with the bark that fermented and humus, river sand according to mass ratio, sprays carbendazim and eupolyphage sece steleophaga and kills only, is mixed with matrix.
3, planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step 1 low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in the fruit pod, seed for mixing, is mixed thoroughly 1:1000 by volume with ash, step 2 matrix prepared is tiled on the ware of growing seedlings, the thickness of matrix is 1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, 2 layers of gauze water water saturates matrix on the matrix upper berth, with the seed of writing brush after with mixing according to 5/cm
2Density sow uniformly on gauze, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of will growing seedlings, place in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
4, strong sprout
Threw off the plastic film on the ware of growing seedlings after growing seedlings 20 days, spraying the blue precious short liquid, mass fraction of giving birth to weekly respectively is that 1% calcium chloride water and mass fraction are 1% the root-inducing powder aqueous solution each 1 time, water with Fine spray shower nozzle, the ambient humidity that keeps growing seedlings is 80%, kills water purification solution with the eupolyphage sece steleophaga of 1g/L and directly sprays desinsection 1 time in every month.
The above-mentioned blue precious short liquid of giving birth to is by the self-control of national engineering laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University, and its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1; Root-inducing powder is provided by Zhuhai right way Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
5, transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm hardening, transplant.
Embodiment 3
In the preparation matrix step 2 of embodiment 1～2, the bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting is that 5:8:1 mixes with the bark that fermented and humus, river sand according to mass ratio, sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix.Other steps are identical with corresponding embodiment.
In order to determine optimised process step of the present invention, the inventor has carried out a large amount of laboratory research tests, and various test situation are as follows:
The inventor is according to the investigation and analysis to the Proterozoic environment of wild bletilla, in conjunction with the distinctive habit of growth of orchid, carrying out bletilla with different seedling raising mannerses grows seedlings, concrete seedling raising manners sees Table 1, every kind of seedling raising manners triplicate test, different seedling raising mannerses are done dark place reason check experiment simultaneously, and routine observation records the situation of emerging of different seedling raising manners bletillas.Result of the test sees Table 2 and Fig. 1～2.
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 1
By table 2 and Fig. 1～2 as seen, the bletilla seed is easily sprouted under illumination condition, and in the dark reason seed is down almost grown, and illustrates that illumination is very big to the influence of bletilla seed germination.Under illumination condition, adopt seedling raising manners C, the 1 metafiltration paper on the matrix upper berth prevented from oozing under the seed effectively, but intercepted contacting of seedling and soil, causing seedling not have nutrition substantially can absorb, thereby its seed germination rate is low, and growth of seedling is slow, sows after 20 days, the emergence rate of bletilla only reaches about 20%, and the plant height of bletilla seedling has only about 0.2cm; Adopt seedling raising manners D, because the ratio of river sand is too high in its matrix, be difficult for water storage, and easily form matrix and harden, be unfavorable for the growth of seedling, sow after 20 days, the emergence rate of bletilla only reaches about 30%, and the plant height of bletilla seedling has only about 0.3cm; Adopt seedling raising manners A, top layer in matrix is covered with gauze, both can play and preserve moisture, draining, ventilative effect, can prevent from again oozing under the bletilla seed, can take root in matrix by the mesh on the gauze behind the seed germination, nutrient in the absorption base is to satisfy its normal growth needs, simultaneously owing to contain the river sand of proper proportion in the matrix, be conducive to the ventilative and hydrophobic of bletilla seedling root, seedling development stalwartness and growth rate are very fast, at after planting the 10th day germination rate up to 84%, the plant height of bletilla seedling is about 0.47cm, compares with other seedling raising mannerses, and the speed of seed germination is very fast, and final planting percent is 87%, meets the requirement of the extensive live fast seedling growing of bletilla seed; Adopt seedling raising manners B, seed germination speed is slow relatively, and final planting percent is 70%.
By above-mentioned test as seen, in the whole seedling raising process of bletilla seed, different seedling raising mannerses has very big influence to sprouting and the growth of seedlings growth of seed, adopt seedling raising manners C, D, germination rate and the upgrowth situation of seed are lower, comparing with A, B all has bigger difference, and the resultant effect of seedling raising manners B takes second place than seedling raising manners A.Therefore, the present invention selects to carry out with seedling raising manners A the extensive live fast seedling growing of bletilla seed, that is: the bark that will ferment and humus, river sand is that 1～5:3～8:1 mixes by mass ratio, spray carbendazim and insecticide, be mixed with matrix, fruit pod after the low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in the fruit pod, seed and ash mixed for 1:500～1000 by volume mix thoroughly, matrix is tiled on the ware of growing seedlings, and the thickness of matrix is 1/3～1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, 1～2 layer of gauze on the matrix upper berth, water water saturates matrix, with the seed of writing brush after with mixing according to 3～5/cm
2Density sow uniformly on gauze, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of will growing seedlings, place in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
Claims (5)
1. the method for the quick breeding and seedling of bletilla is characterized in that it is made up of following step:
(1) low temperature treatment of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo reaches 18 weeks above bletillas fruit pods age and plucks, the bletilla fruit pod of plucking is packed in the kraft paper bag, place the ventilating and cooling place to dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator;
(2) preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting is that 1～5:3～8:1 mixes with the bark that fermented and humus, river sand according to mass ratio, sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix;
(3) planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step (1) low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in the fruit pod, seed and ash mixed for 1:500～1000 by volume mix thoroughly, matrix prepared in the step (2) is tiled on the ware of growing seedlings, the thickness of matrix is 1/3～1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, 1～2 layer of gauze waters water saturates matrix on the matrix upper berth, with the seed of writing brush after with mixing according to 3～5/cm
2Density sow uniformly on gauze, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of will growing seedlings, place in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings;
(4) strong sprout
Threw off the plastic film on the ware of growing seedlings after growing seedlings 20～30 days, spraying the blue precious short liquid, mass fraction of giving birth to weekly respectively is that 1% calcium chloride water and mass fraction are 1% the root-inducing powder aqueous solution each 1 time, the ambient humidity of growing seedlings is 70%～80%, and every month with insecticide desinsection 1 time;
(5) transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm, do hardening and handle and transplant.
2. the method for the quick breeding and seedling of bletilla according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in preparation matrix step (2), choose humus, river sand and fermentation bark later, be that 2:4:1 mixes with the bark that fermented and humus, river sand according to volume ratio, spray carbendazim and insecticide, be mixed with matrix.
3. the method for the quick breeding and seedling of bletilla according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step in strong sprout (4), the mode that described ambient humidity adopts Fine spray shower nozzle to water is regulated.
4. the method for the quick breeding and seedling of bletilla according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step in strong sprout (4), the described blue precious short liquid of giving birth to is: add 6-benzyl aminoadenine, methyl in the MS liquid nutrient medium that does not add agar and sucrose, obtain mother liquor, add 6-benzyl aminoadenine 10.0mg, methyl 2.5mg in every liter of medium, mother liquor and distilled water by volume for 1:50 mixes, are mixed with the blue precious short liquid of giving birth to.
5. the method for the quick breeding and seedling of bletilla according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described insecticide is that packed eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, every gram eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed and is converted behind the water 1L root only and irritate or directly spray.
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