CN103270863B - Bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method. Fermented bark and a mixture of humus and river sand serve as a base material, the base material is laid on a seedling cultivation vessel, 1-2 layers of gauze is laid on the base material, water is poured to soak the base material, bletilla striata seeds are sown on the gauze, a transparent plastic film is utilized to wrap the seedling cultivation vessel, and the seedling cultivation vessel is placed in an artificial intelligent cultivation box to grow seedlings and strengthen the seedlings. The bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method breaks through a traditional corm planting and cultivation mode of bletilla striata, the quality degeneration problem existing in vegetative propagation is resolved, and a new path is created for sexual propagation seedling cultivation of the bletilla striata genus of orchidaceae. The bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method is simple in operation, low in cost and short in seedling cultivation period; the germination rate reaches up to 90%, the planting percent is 70%-80%, and good practical popularization significance is provided for large-scale propagation seedling cultivation of the bletilla striata.

Description

Method for raising seedlings of white and rapid propagation

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial planting of medicinal plants, and in particular relates to a method for rapidly propagating seedlings of the orchid plant Radix chinensis.

Background technique

Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb is a plant of the genus Bletilla striata in the family Orchidaceae, mainly produced in Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and other places. Baiji is a traditional Chinese medicine in my country. The medicinal part is the underground pseudobulb, which has the effects of astringent and hemostasis, nourishing qi and promoting body fluid, promoting muscle growth and relieving pain. Recent research results show that the chemical composition of a large amount of water-soluble polysaccharides in Pseudomonas baicalensis is glucomannan, and its physical and chemical properties are basically similar to gum arabic and tragacanth gum, which can replace them as suspending agents and emulsifiers for food and chemical industry. In addition, according to modern pharmacological research, Baiji polysaccharide also has the functions of reducing irritation, protecting the skin, and delaying aging, and is a safe medical raw material.

With the continuous deepening of research, the application range of Baiji has become more and more extensive, and the market demand has increased year by year. In addition, people's unrestrained excessive mining has led to the shortage of Baiji resources. Through research and investigation, it is found that the seeds of Baiji are small, without endosperm, only underdeveloped embryos and a single-cell seed coat. Under natural conditions or conventional breeding methods, the seeds cannot germinate at all. The existing planting of Baiji is mainly propagated by division, the reproduction rate is low and the reproduction speed is slow, and the current production capacity is far from meeting the demand of the market. Adopting the aseptic rapid seedling raising technology can shorten the growth cycle of white and seedlings, and significantly increase the emergence rate of seeds, but the investment cost is high and the operation process is complicated. And in the process of plant tissue culture, various variations may appear in the regenerated plants and their offspring, and this variation is universal. Because these mutations are mostly bad mutations, these mutations will cause greater losses and harm in production.

At the same time, according to research, a well-developed scape can produce 8 to 13 fruit pods per year, and there are thousands to tens of thousands of seeds in each fruit pod. However, due to the indisputable fact that it is difficult for the seeds to germinate, the resources of the aboveground part of the plant are often neglected. Therefore, as long as the bottleneck of Baiji's seed germination is broken, a new method of raising seedlings that saves costs and increases efficiency can be created.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of low reproductive rate, slow propagation speed, and high cost of the traditional planting method of bletilla, and provide a method for fast breeding of bletilla with labor saving, low cost and high efficiency.

The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems consists of the following steps:

1. Picking and preservation of white and pods

The fully developed bletilla pods with an embryo age of more than 18 weeks were selected for picking, and the picked bletilla pods were packed into kraft paper bags, dried in a ventilated and cool place, and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

2. Preparation of matrix

Select humus, river sand and fermented bark, mix the fermented bark with humus and river sand evenly according to the mass ratio of 1 to 5:3 to 8:1, spray carbendazim and insecticide to prepare matrix.

3. Seed sowing and seedling raising

Plane the pods after the low-temperature treatment in step 1 along the longitudinal ribs, take out the seeds in the pods, mix the seeds and plant ash at a volume ratio of 1:500-1000, and spread the substrate prepared in step 2 on a seedling dish First, the thickness of the substrate is 1/3 to 1/2 of the depth of the seedling dish. Spread 1 to 2 layers of gauze on the substrate, water and soak the substrate, and use a brush to mix the seeds at a rate of 3 to 5 grains/ ^cm2. The density is evenly spread on the gauze, the seedling dish is wrapped with a transparent plastic film, and the seedlings are raised in an artificial intelligence incubator at 28°C, light intensity 3000Lx, and light 12h/12h.

4. Strong seedlings

After 20 to 30 days of seedling cultivation, remove the plastic film on the seedling dish, and spray Lanbao growth-promoting liquid, calcium chloride aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 1%, and root-rooting powder aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 1% each once a week. The ambient humidity is 70% to 80%, and insecticides are used to kill insects once a month.

The above-mentioned Lanbao growth-promoting solution is made by the National Engineering Laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University. Its preparation method is: add 6-benzylaminoadenine and naphthaleneacetic acid to the MS liquid medium without adding agar and sucrose to obtain the mother solution. 10.0 mg of 6-benzylaminoadenine and 2.5 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid were added to the medium, and the mother liquor and distilled water were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:50 to prepare Lanbao Growth-promoting Liquid; rooting powder was provided by Zhuhai Zhengdao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

5. Transplanting

When the seedlings grow to 2-3cm, harden the seedlings and transplant them.

In step 2 of the preparation matrix of the present invention, humus, river sand and fermented bark are selected, and the bark, humus and river sand are preferably mixed evenly according to the volume ratio of 2:4:1, and carbendazim and insecticide are sprayed agent, formulated as a matrix.

In step 4 of growing seedlings of the present invention, the humidity of the environment is regulated by watering with a mist nozzle.

The insecticide described in the present invention is bagged soil insect killing net, which is provided by Wuwei County Flower Fertilizer Factory in Anhui Province, and each gram of soil insect killing net is mixed with 1 L of water and then root irrigation or directly sprayed.

The invention breaks through the traditional corm planting and seedling raising mode of bacilla, solves the problem of quality degradation existing in asexual reproduction, and creates a new way for sexual propagation and seedling cultivation of orchidaceae baiji. Through the use of the method of the present invention, the germination rate of the seeds of Baiji is as high as 90%, the seedlings are uniform, and the seedling rate is 70% to 80%, and the seedling cultivation period is short, the operation is simple, and the cost is low. The large number of natural attributes makes Baiji's large-scale breeding and seedling breeding practically meaningful in terms of economy and production. Simultaneously, because the orchidaceae seed germination pathway is basically consistent, the method of the present invention has certain versatility for the cultivation of orchidaceae seedlings, and can be used for large-scale and large-scale cultivation of orchidaceae seedlings. We have adopted the method of the present invention to carry out direct-seeding seedling cultivation of the orchidaceae plants, Dendrobium candidum and Dendrobium officinale, and all obtain satisfactory results.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the effect of different seedling raising methods on white and seed germination rate under light conditions.

Figure 2 is the effect of different seedling raising methods on the growth and development of white and direct-seeding seedlings under light conditions.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Example 1

1. Picking and preservation of white and pods

The fully developed bletilla pods with an embryo age of more than 18 weeks were selected for picking, and the picked bletilla pods were packed into kraft paper bags, dried in a ventilated and cool place, and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

2. Preparation of matrix

Select humus, river sand, and fermented bark, mix the fermented bark, humus, and river sand evenly at a mass ratio of 2:4:1, spray carbendazim and soil insecticide, and prepare a substrate.

The above-mentioned insecticides are net insecticides in bags, provided by Wuwei County Flower Fertilizer Factory in Anhui Province.

3. Seed sowing and seedling raising

Plane the pods after the low-temperature treatment in step 1 along the longitudinal ribs, take out the seeds in the pods, mix the seeds and plant ash in a volume ratio of 1:500, spread the substrate prepared in step 2 on the seedling dish, The thickness of the substrate is 1/3 of the depth of the seedling dish. Spread a layer of gauze on the substrate, water the substrate to soak it, and use a brush to evenly spread the mixed seeds on the gauze at a density of 3 grains/cm ² . Wrap the seedling dish with a plastic film and place it in an artificial intelligence incubator at 28°C, light intensity 3000Lx, and light 12h/12h.

4. Strong seedlings

After 30 days of seedling cultivation, the plastic film on the seedling dish was removed, and Lanbao growth-promoting liquid, calcium chloride aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 1%, and root-rooting powder aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 1% were sprayed once a week, and sprayed with a mist nozzle. Water to keep the ambient humidity of seedling cultivation at 70%, and kill insects once a month with 1g/L of soil insect killing net aqueous solution root irrigation.

The above-mentioned Lanbao growth-promoting solution is made by the National Engineering Laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University. Its preparation method is: add 10.0mg6-benzylaminoadenine and 2.5mg naphthaleneacetic acid to 1L of MS liquid medium without adding agar and sucrose to obtain Mother liquor, add 1L of distilled water to every 20mL mother liquor, and prepare Lanbao growth-promoting liquid; root-growing powder is provided by Zhuhai Zhengdao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; soil insect killing net is provided by Anhui Wuwei County Flower Fertilizer Factory.

5. Transplanting

When the seedlings grow to 2-3cm, harden the seedlings and transplant them.

Example 2

1. Picking and preservation of white and pods

The fully developed bletilla pods with an embryo age of more than 18 weeks were selected for picking, and the picked bletilla pods were packed into kraft paper bags, dried in a ventilated and cool place, and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

2. Preparation of matrix

Select humus, river sand, and fermented bark, mix the fermented bark, humus, and river sand evenly in a mass ratio of 1:3:1, spray carbendazim and soil insecticide, and prepare a substrate.

3. Seed sowing and seedling raising

Plane the pods after the low-temperature treatment in step 1 along the longitudinal ribs, take out the seeds in the pods, mix the seeds and plant ash at a volume ratio of 1:1000, spread the substrate prepared in step 2 on the seedling dish, The thickness of the substrate is 1/2 of the depth of the seedling dish. Spread 2 layers of gauze on the substrate, water the substrate to soak it, and use a brush to evenly spread the mixed seeds on the gauze at a density of 5 grains/cm ² . Wrap the seedling dish with a plastic film and place it in an artificial intelligence incubator at 28°C, light intensity 3000Lx, and light 12h/12h.

4. Strong seedlings

After 20 days of seedling cultivation, the plastic film on the seedling dish was removed, and Lanbao growth-promoting liquid, calcium chloride aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 1%, and root-rooting powder aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 1% were sprayed once a week, and sprayed with a mist nozzle. Watering, keeping the environment humidity of raising seedlings is 80%, directly spraying insecticidal 1 time with the net aqueous solution of 1g/L soil insect killing every month.

The above-mentioned Lanbao growth-promoting solution is made by the National Engineering Laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University, and its preparation method is the same as that of Example 1; the root-growing powder is provided by Zhuhai Zhengdao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

5. Transplanting

When the seedlings grow to 2-3cm, harden the seedlings and transplant them.

Example 3

In the preparation matrix step 2 of Examples 1-2, humus, river sand and fermented bark were selected, and the fermented bark, humus, and river sand were mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 5:8:1, and sprayed more Bactazim and insecticides, formulated as a matrix. Other steps are the same as the corresponding embodiment.

In order to determine the best processing step of the present invention, the inventor has carried out a large amount of laboratory research tests, and various test situations are as follows:

According to the investigation and analysis of the original place environment to the wild Radix Radix, in conjunction with the unique growth habit of Orchidaceae, the inventor carries out Radix Radix Radix Seedling Cultivation in different seedling-raising modes, and specific seedling mode is shown in Table 1, and every kind of seedling-raising mode repeats test three times, simultaneously Different seedling raising methods were used for dark treatment control experiments, and the emergence of different seedling raising methods was regularly observed and recorded. The test results are shown in Table 2 and Figures 1-2.

Table 1 Different seedling raising methods

It can be seen from Table 2 and Figures 1-2 that the seeds of Bletilla chinensis are easy to germinate under light conditions, and the seeds under dark treatment hardly grow, which shows that light has a great influence on the germination of Bletilla chinensis seeds. Under light conditions, adopt seedling raising method C, and spread a layer of filter paper on the substrate, which effectively prevents the seeds from infiltrating, but blocks the contact between the seedlings and the soil, causing the seedlings to basically have no nutrients to absorb, so the seed germination rate is low , the seedlings grow slowly. After 20 days of sowing, the emergence rate of Baiji only reaches about 20%, and the plant height of Baiji seedlings is only about 0.2cm; adopting seedling raising method D, because the proportion of river sand in the substrate is too high, it is not easy to store 20 days after sowing, the emergence rate of Baiji only reached about 30%, and the plant height of Baiji seedlings was only about 0.3cm; using seedling raising method A, the seedlings on the surface of the substrate Covered with gauze, it can not only play the role of moisturizing, drainage and ventilation, but also prevent white and seed seepage. After the seeds germinate, they can take root in the substrate through the mesh on the gauze and absorb the nutrients in the substrate to meet their normal growth needs. At the same time, due to the appropriate proportion of river sand in the matrix, it is beneficial to the air permeability and water repellency of the roots of Baiji seedlings. The height is about 0.47cm. Compared with other seedling raising methods, the seed germination speed is faster, and the final seedling rate is 87%, which meets the requirements of large-scale direct seeding and rapid seedling raising of Baiji seeds; using seedling raising method B, the seed germination speed Relatively slow, the final seedling rate is 70%.

It can be seen from the above experiments that in the whole seedling raising process of Baiji seeds, different seedling methods have a great influence on the germination of seeds and the growth and development of seedlings. The germination rate and growth status of seeds are lower when seedling methods C and D are adopted. , compared with A and B, there is a big difference, and the comprehensive effect of seedling raising method B is second than that of seedling raising method A. Therefore, the present invention chooses to carry out large-scale direct direct seeding rapid seedling cultivation of Radix radix seedlings with seedling raising mode A, that is: mix the fermented bark with humus and river sand in a mass ratio of 1 to 5:3 to 8:1, and spray Carbendazim and insecticides are prepared into a substrate, the fruit pods after low temperature treatment are planed along the longitudinal ribs, the seeds in the pods are taken out, the seeds and plant ash are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:500-1000, and the Spread the substrate on the seedling dish, the thickness of the substrate is 1/3~1/2 of the depth of the seedling dish, spread 1~2 layers of gauze on the substrate, water and soak the substrate, use a brush to mix the seeds in 3~ The density of 5 grains/cm ² is evenly spread on the gauze, the seedling dish is wrapped with a transparent plastic film, and the seedlings are raised in an artificial intelligence incubator at 28°C, light intensity 3000Lx, and light 12h/12h.

Claims (4)

1. a method for bletilla fast seedling raising, is characterized in that it is made up of following step:

(1) low temperature treatment of bletilla fruit pod

Choose and grow full and embryo and reach 18 weeks above bletilla fruit pods age and pluck, by the bletilla of harvesting really pod pack in kraft paper bag, be placed in ventilating and cooling place and dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator;

(2) preparation matrix

The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting, is that 1～5:3～8:1 mix with humus, river sand according to mass ratio by the bark fermenting, and sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix;

(3) planting seed and growing seedlings

Fruit pod after step (1) low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in fruit pod, seed is mixed and mixed thoroughly for 1:500～1000 by volume with ash, the matrix of preparation in step (2) is laid in and is grown seedlings on ware, the thickness of matrix is 1/3～1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, on matrix upper berth, 1～2 layer of gauze, waters water saturates matrix, with writing brush by the seed after mixing according to 3～5/cm ²the sowing on gauze of even density, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of growing seedlings, be placed in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings;

(4) strong sprout

After growing seedlings 20～30 days, throw off the plastic film of growing seedlings on ware, each 1 time of the root-inducing powder aqueous solution that the calcium chloride water that to spray respectively weekly blue precious growth-promoting liquid, mass fraction be 1% and mass fraction are 1%, the ambient humidity of growing seedlings is 70%～80%, monthly uses insecticide desinsection 1 time;

The precious growth-promoting liquid of above-mentioned orchid is: add 6-benzyl aminoadenine, methyl α-naphthyl acetate to not adding in the MS liquid nutrient medium of agar and sucrose, obtain mother liquor, in every liter of medium, add 6-benzyl aminoadenine 10.0mg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 2.5mg, by mother liquor with distilled water by volume for 1:50 mixes, be mixed with blue precious growth-promoting liquid;

(5) transplant

Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm, do hardening and process and transplant.

2. the method for bletilla fast seedling raising according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in preparation matrix step (2), choose humus, river sand and fermentation bark later, be that 2:4:1 mix with humus, river sand according to volume ratio by the bark fermenting, spray carbendazim and insecticide, be mixed with matrix.

3. the method for bletilla fast seedling raising according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step in strong sprout (4), the mode that described ambient humidity adopts Fine spray shower nozzle to water regulates.

4. the method for bletilla fast seedling raising according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described insecticide is that packed eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, every gram of eupolyphage sece steleophaga kill and be only watered 1L after root fill with or directly spray.

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