CN109005732A - A kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109005732A CN109005732A CN201810775785.8A CN201810775785A CN109005732A CN 109005732 A CN109005732 A CN 109005732A CN 201810775785 A CN201810775785 A CN 201810775785A CN 109005732 A CN109005732 A CN 109005732A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method, the technical problem to be solved is that improve Gleditsia sinensis Seeds bud ratio, survival rate and improve Chinese honey locust quality；The technical solution of use are as follows: 1) select mature, full and with high purity seed, dressed seed with insecticide, with Anti-moth-eating；2) seed is impregnated using concentrated sulfuric acid solution, rinses seed with clear water later, seed is then impregnated using warm water；3) vernalization；4) gas permeability, water-retaining property and avirulent matrix are prepared, seeding and seedling raising is carried out in greenhouse, after nursery stock is unearthed and grows true leaf, sprays slow-release fertilizer, nutrient solution and bactericide；5) nursery stock definite value；6) preferable kind is selected to be grafted after stock is sprouted to leaf stretching period；The present invention can shorten the Chinese honey locust budding time, improve the bud ratio of Chinese honey locust, cultivate excellent Chinese honey locust kind.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method.
Background technique
Chinese honey locust is one of distinctive Caesalpiniaceae Gleditsia tree species in China, is the life for building forests for water and soil conservation and forests for windbreak and sand-fixation
The economical tree species of state.Chinese honey locust fruit has the value such as health care, medicine, washing, and Fructus Gleditsia acupuncture contains a variety of chemical combination such as phenols, amino acid
Object has very high economic value, and supply falls short of demand for Chinese honey locust nursery stock demand, and production Chinese honey locust breeding becomes the key of Chinese honey locust plantation.
The cultivation of Chinese honey locust at present substantially acquires seed on the big tree of result, carries out nursery, Gleditsia sinensis Seeds sprout with
Emergence rate is low, and sprout time is longer, and the variation of institute nursery wood plant is larger, and blade, resistance, quil of Chinese honey locust etc. have very big
Difference, it cannot be guaranteed that Chinese honey locust high and stable yield, character best in quality.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, proposes a kind of raising Chinese honey locust bud ratio, keeps Chinese honey locust excellent
The Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method of quality.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: step of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method
Suddenly include: 1) to choose seeds: selecting the seed of mature, full and with high purity, clean free from admixture and high vigor, it is desirable that seed seed producing rate
Be 25%~30%, mass of 1000 kernel 650g~800g is dressed seed with insecticide, with Anti-moth-eating, insecticide can select pentachloronitrobenzene or
Person's metrifonate；
2) seed treatment:
A. seed is impregnated using concentrated sulfuric acid solution, makes its dealkalize, kind soft and soggyization, is ceaselessly stirred during immersion；
B. when seed kind skin is presented dark reddish brown or has tiny crackle, then it should stop impregnating, pour out sulfuric acid liquid, and use clear water
Seed is rinsed, rinsing to the residual water pH of the surface of the seed is 7；
C. seed is then impregnated using warm water, warm water temperature is 38 DEG C~42 DEG C, and soaking time is 2 days~3 days, and seed is made to absorb water
Expansion, never directly touches seed with hand in seed treatment processes；
3) vernalization；
4) hole plate seedling growth:
A. substrate preparation, it is desirable that matrix has gas permeability, water-retaining property and nontoxicity, and the matrix of use includes turf, vermiculite, pearl
Rock, adds decomposed manure, nutrient solution and sterilizing and deinsectization solution stirs evenly, and the pH range of matrix is 5.7~6.5 ranges
It is interior, it is used after stacking 20 days~30 days；
B. seeding and seedling raising, early March are started to carry out seeding and seedling raising in greenhouse, be sowed using hole tray, and hole tray specification is 32 holes
6.5cm × 10cm, one seed of every bunch planting, depth of planting are the ㎝ of 1 ㎝~1.5, are careful not to leakage cave, are after planting covered with matrix
Hole tray, with scraper plate strike off disk keep seed and matrix it is closely sturdy, then by the hole tray of sowing with plastic film covering 5 days~
7 days, to keep the temperature and humidity during germination, achievees the effect that seed through soil fastly and emergence is neat, but during this period
Notice that observation discovery seed is appeared, throw off plastic foil in time, burns nursery stock to death to prevent temperature is excessively high, nursery stock after planting canopy temperature
Must control is being suitable for the temperature range of seedling growth, and day temperature is at 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 14 DEG C~16 DEG C of evening temperature, such as temperature
It, can be by opening or closing air door and spraying precipitation, closed adjusting temperature in time when degree is raised and lowered, temperature is held daytime
Shading net shading can be gone up when continuing more than 35 DEG C, keep the temperature range that seedling growth period is suitable；Water management is adhered to a small amount of more
Secondary principle keeps humidity generally between 65%~85%, and moisture grasp is unable to overdrying or overly moist, and seedling overly moist is easy rotten
With generation disease, overdrying is prevented and treated young shoot and is damaged, and can specifically carry out according to weather and temperature conditions, water spraying time generally will be in the morning
It is carried out before 11 points and after at 3 points in afternoon, heat wave can be generated to prevent high temperature period watering and caused damages to nursery stock；
C. foliage dressing, after nursery stock is unearthed and grows true leaf, Seedling Stage sprays slow-release fertilizer and bactericide, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage sprays battalion
Nutrient solution and bactericide；
5) nursery stock definite value: first 5~7 days of field planting, hardening of divulging information keep 18~20 DEG C daytime, 13-17 DEG C of night, are colonized first 2 days,
It waters to nursery stock, Tu Tuo is kept not dissipate, in favor of lifting, then change bed transplanting；
6) it grafts；
A. variety selection, by the Sorosis variety that the variety certification committee is assert, such as G302, G303, fruit thorniness kind, such as general
Fourth, or selection show preferable kind in locality；
B. grafting time, leaf stretching period is arrived in selection after stock is sprouted, generally in early March~the first tenday period of a month in May；
C. it is grafted using cleft graft.
The concentrated sulfuric acid concentration used in the step 2 is 98%, the weight ratio 3:1 of the concentrated sulfuric acid and seed, and soaking time is
15-18 minutes.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) for method of piling, on the sunny side, ventilation accumulate seed, covered using film
Lid can be sowed when seed starts germination.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) for germinating box method, with diameter be 0.05mm~0.8mm, through over cleaning and
The sand grains of high-temperature sterilization does casting bed material, and the water content of casting bed is 65%, with a thickness of 2cm, surfacing, but cannot do by reality, casting bed
After good, first Gleditsia sinensis Seeds are fitly emitted on bed surface with tweezers, equably spread the loose sand of one layer of 2cm thickness of lid again above,
Box cover is finally covered, is put into 5 DEG C of illumination bud case and carries out vernalization, after 3 days~4 days, when radicle exposes 1cm~2cm
Sowing.
The cleft graft that the step 6) uses, first with shrub and hedge trimmer by stock away from cutting, the section 15cm~20cm of ground at
Smooth, the thorn on stock is disposed, then uses sharp grafting knife, and stock is rived from centre, and depth is 3cm or so, by scion
2 buds are stayed in upper end, lower end is whittled into the wedge-shaped section of 3cm or so, bevel wants flat and smooth, and the scion cut is inserted rapidly
Enter the notch of stock, main points be " above show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, under pedal sky, forming layer is against forming layer ", and be fastened, connect with plastic film strip
After should erase sprout tillers in time, prevent nutrient consumption, conducive to budder sprouting and grafting part healing, need to remove coppice shoot 3 times~5 times,
It budders and loosens plastic strip when growing to 10 ㎝ in time.
The step 2 stops impregnating when there is 25%~35% seed kind skin that dark reddish brown is presented or has tiny crackle.
5~6 times that seed warm water volume is seed volume are impregnated in the step 2.
Turf in the step 4), vermiculite, perlite weight ratio be 1:1:2 or 1:2:2.
The step 4) is that Seedling Stage interval sprays the once slow-release fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer for 15 days to the method for foliage dressing,
Sprayed at nursery stock Fast-growing stage every 10 days once based on phosphorus, potassium and its configuration microelement nutrient solution sprayed, can make
With Ai Ketai, dosage is 6000g/ mus, achievees the purpose that nursery stock robust growth with this, due to this prevalent variety cultivation method take from
Start the measure that selected Medicament soaked seed is just carried out to seed, matrix is handled by sterilizing, therefore generally disease is occurred and compared
It is few, but be to accomplish to put prevention first, 2 bactericides are monthly sprayed, insecticide can use Puli gram 20mL/ mus, be watered 1000 times,
A situation arises for observation insect pest at any time, carries out specific aim prevention and treatment in time.
The step 5) is carried out changing bed transplanting by the seeding row spacing of 0.3m × 0.5m.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art.
One, the present invention impregnates seed using the concentrated sulfuric acid, warm water, has abolished the strong suspend mode of seed, and guarantee the work of seed
Power shortens the budding time of seed, improves the bud ratio of seed.
Two, scion of the present invention ensure that Chinese honey locust using excellent Sorosis variety, fruit thorniness kind or local preferable kind
Fine quality, improve the economic value of Chinese honey locust.
Three, the engrafting method that the present invention uses is easily operated, management is simple, practical, is suitble to large-scale promotion application.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of the step of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method includes:
1) it chooses seeds: selecting the seed of mature, full and with high purity, clean free from admixture and high vigor, it is desirable that seed seed producing rate is
25%, mass of 1000 kernel 650g are dressed seed with insecticide, and with Anti-moth-eating, insecticide selects pentachloronitrobenzene；
2) seed treatment:
A. seed is impregnated using concentrated sulfuric acid solution, makes its dealkalize, kind soft and soggyization, is ceaselessly stirred during immersion；
B. when seed kind skin is presented dark reddish brown or has tiny crackle, then it should stop impregnating, pour out sulfuric acid liquid, and use clear water
Seed is rinsed, rinsing to the residual water pH of the surface of the seed is 7；
C. seed is then impregnated using warm water, warm water temperature is 38 DEG C, and soaking time is 2 days, makes seed water swelling, in seed
Seed is directly never touched with hand in treatment process；
3) vernalization；
4) hole plate seedling growth:
A. substrate preparation, it is desirable that matrix has gas permeability, water-retaining property and nontoxicity, and the matrix of use includes turf, vermiculite, pearl
Rock, adds decomposed manure, nutrient solution and sterilizing and deinsectization solution stirs evenly, and the pH of matrix is 5.7, makes after stacking 20 days
With；
B. seeding and seedling raising, early March are started to carry out seeding and seedling raising in greenhouse, be sowed using hole tray, and hole tray specification is 32 holes
6.5cm × 10cm, one seed of every bunch planting, depth of planting are 1 ㎝, are careful not to leakage cave, after planting cover hole tray with matrix, use
Scraper plate strikes off disk and keeps seed and matrix closely sturdy, then covers the hole tray of sowing plastic film 5 days, to keep planting
Temperature and humidity during son germination achievees the effect that seed through soil fastly and emergence is neat, but pays attention to observation discovery during this period
Seed is appeared, and throws off plastic foil in time, burns nursery stock to death to prevent temperature is excessively high, after planting canopy temperature must be controlled suitable nursery stock
The temperature range of suitable seedling growth, day temperature when being raised and lowered such as temperature, can lead at 25 DEG C, 14 DEG C of evening temperature
After opening or closing air door and spraying precipitation, closed adjusting temperature in time, temperature can go up shading net when being continued above 35 DEG C daytime
Shading keeps the temperature range that seedling growth period is suitable；A small amount of multiple principle is adhered in water management, and humidity is kept generally to exist
Between 65%~85%, moisture grasp is unable to overdrying or overly moist, and seedling overly moist is easy rotten and generates disease, and overdrying prevents and treats young shoot
It is impaired, it can specifically be carried out according to weather and temperature conditions, water spraying time generally will be before 11 points of the morning and at 3 points in afternoon is with laggard
Row can generate heat wave to prevent high temperature period watering and cause damages to nursery stock；
C. foliage dressing, after nursery stock is unearthed and grows true leaf, Seedling Stage sprays slow-release fertilizer and bactericide, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage sprays battalion
Nutrient solution and bactericide；
5) nursery stock definite value: first 5 days of field planting, hardening of divulging information keep 18 DEG C daytime, 13 DEG C of night, are colonized first 2 days, water to nursery stock,
It keeps Tu Tuo not dissipate, in favor of lifting, then changes bed transplanting；
6) it grafts；
A. variety selection, by the Sorosis variety that the variety certification committee is assert, such as G302, G303, fruit thorniness kind, such as general
Fourth, or selection show preferable kind in locality；
B. grafting time is selected in early March, and stock arrives leaf stretching period after sprouting；
C. it is grafted using cleft graft；
The concentrated sulfuric acid concentration used in the step 2 is 98%, the weight ratio 3:1 of the concentrated sulfuric acid and seed, and soaking time is 15 points
Clock.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) for method of piling, on the sunny side, ventilation accumulate seed, covered using film
Lid can be sowed when seed starts germination.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) for germinating box method, with diameter be 0.05mm~0.8mm through over cleaning and
The sand grains of high-temperature sterilization does casting bed material, and the water content of casting bed is 65%, with a thickness of 2cm, surfacing, but cannot do by reality, casting bed
After good, first Gleditsia sinensis Seeds are fitly emitted on bed surface with tweezers, equably spread the loose sand of one layer of 2cm thickness of lid again above,
Box cover is finally covered, is put into 5 DEG C of illumination bud case and carries out vernalization, after 3 days, can be sowed when radicle exposes 1cm.
The cleft graft that the step 6) uses, first with shrub and hedge trimmer by stock away from being cut the 15cm of ground at, section will smoothly,
Thorn on stock is disposed, then with sharp grafting knife, stock is rived from centre, and depth is 3cm or so, and scion is stayed in upper end
Lower end is whittled into the wedge-shaped section of 3cm or so by 2 buds, and bevel wants flat and smooth, and the scion cut is rapidly inserted into stock
Notch, main points be " above show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, under pedal sky, forming layer is against forming layer ", and be fastened with plastic film strip, should be timely after connecing
Sprout tillers is erased, nutrient consumption is prevented, conducive to sprouting and the grafting part healing of buddering, need to remove coppice shoot 3 times, budder when growing to 10 ㎝
Plastic strip is loosened in time.
The step 2 stops impregnating when there is 25% seed kind skin that dark reddish brown is presented or has tiny crackle.
The warm water volume that seed is impregnated in the step 2 is 5 times of seed volume.
Turf in the step 4), vermiculite, perlite weight ratio be 1:1:2 or 1:2:2.
The step 4) is that Seedling Stage interval sprays the once slow-release fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer for 15 days to the method for foliage dressing,
Sprayed at nursery stock Fast-growing stage every 10 days once based on phosphorus, potassium and its configuration microelement nutrient solution sprayed, can make
With Ai Ketai, dosage is 6000g/ mus, achievees the purpose that nursery stock robust growth with this, due to this prevalent variety cultivation method take from
Start the measure that selected Medicament soaked seed is just carried out to seed, matrix is handled by sterilizing, therefore generally disease is occurred and compared
It is few, but be to accomplish to put prevention first, 2 bactericides are monthly sprayed, insecticide can use Puli gram 20mL/ mus, be watered 1000 times,
A situation arises for observation insect pest at any time, carries out specific aim prevention and treatment in time.
The step 5) is carried out changing bed transplanting by the seeding row spacing of 0.3m × 0.5m.
Embodiment 2
A kind of the step of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method includes:
1) it chooses seeds: selecting the seed of mature, full and with high purity, clean free from admixture and high vigor, it is desirable that seed seed producing rate is
27%, mass of 1000 kernel 750g are dressed seed with insecticide, and with Anti-moth-eating, insecticide selects metrifonate；
2) seed treatment:
A. seed is impregnated using concentrated sulfuric acid solution, makes its dealkalize, kind soft and soggyization, is ceaselessly stirred during immersion；
B. when seed kind skin is presented dark reddish brown or has tiny crackle, then it should stop impregnating, pour out sulfuric acid liquid, and use clear water
Seed is rinsed, rinsing to the residual water pH of the surface of the seed is 7；
C. seed is then impregnated using warm water, warm water temperature is 40 DEG C, and soaking time is 3 days, makes seed water swelling, in seed
Seed is directly never touched with hand in treatment process；
3) vernalization；
4) hole plate seedling growth:
A. substrate preparation, it is desirable that matrix has gas permeability, water-retaining property and nontoxicity, and the matrix of use includes turf, vermiculite, pearl
Rock, adds decomposed manure, nutrient solution and sterilizing and deinsectization solution stirs evenly, and the pH of matrix is 6.2, makes after stacking 25 days
With；
B. seeding and seedling raising, early March are started to carry out seeding and seedling raising in greenhouse, be sowed using hole tray, and hole tray specification is 32 holes
6.5cm × 10cm, one seed of every bunch planting, depth of planting are 1.5 ㎝, are careful not to leakage cave, after planting cover hole tray with matrix,
Striking off disk with scraper plate keeps seed and matrix closely sturdy, then covers the hole tray of sowing plastic film 6 days, to keep
Temperature and humidity during germination achievees the effect that seed through soil fastly and emergence is neat, but pays attention to observation hair during this period
Existing seed is appeared, and is thrown off plastic foil in time, is burnt nursery stock to death to prevent temperature is excessively high, after planting canopy temperature must control nursery stock
It is suitable for the temperature range of seedling growth, day temperature, 15 DEG C of evening temperature, can when being raised and lowered such as temperature at 28 DEG C
By opening or closing air door and spraying precipitation, closed adjusting temperature in time, temperature can go up shading when being continued above 35 DEG C daytime
Net shading keeps the temperature range that seedling growth period is suitable；A small amount of multiple principle is adhered in water management, keeps humidity general
Between 65%~70%, moisture grasp is unable to overdrying or overly moist, and seedling overly moist is easy rotten and generates disease, overdrying prevention and treatment children
Bud is impaired, can specifically carry out according to weather and temperature conditions, and water spraying time generally will be before 11 points of the morning and after at 3 points in afternoon
It carries out, heat wave can be generated to prevent high temperature period watering and caused damages to nursery stock；
C. foliage dressing, after nursery stock is unearthed and grows true leaf, Seedling Stage sprays slow-release fertilizer and bactericide, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage sprays battalion
Nutrient solution and bactericide；
5) nursery stock definite value: first 6 days of field planting, hardening of divulging information keep 19 DEG C daytime, 15 DEG C of night, are colonized first 2 days, water to nursery stock,
It keeps Tu Tuo not dissipate, in favor of lifting, then changes bed transplanting；
6) it grafts；
A. variety selection, by the Sorosis variety that the variety certification committee is assert, such as G302, G303, fruit thorniness kind, such as general
Fourth, or selection show preferable kind in locality；
B. grafting time was selected in early April, and stock arrives leaf stretching period after sprouting；
C. it is grafted using cleft graft；
The concentrated sulfuric acid concentration used in the step 2 is 98%, the weight ratio 3:1 of the concentrated sulfuric acid and seed, and soaking time is 17 points
Clock.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) for method of piling, on the sunny side, ventilation accumulate seed, covered using film
Lid can be sowed when seed starts germination.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) for germinating box method, with diameter be 0.05mm~0.3mm through over cleaning and
The sand grains of high-temperature sterilization does casting bed material, and the water content of casting bed is 65%, with a thickness of 2cm, surfacing, but cannot do by reality, casting bed
After good, first Gleditsia sinensis Seeds are fitly emitted on bed surface with tweezers, equably spread the loose sand of one layer of 2cm thickness of lid again above,
Box cover is finally covered, is put into 5 DEG C of illumination bud case and carries out vernalization, after 4 days, can be sowed when radicle exposes 2cm.
The cleft graft that the step 6) uses, first with shrub and hedge trimmer by stock away from being cut the 18cm of ground at, section will smoothly,
Thorn on stock is disposed, then with sharp grafting knife, stock is rived from centre, and depth is 3cm or so, and scion is stayed in upper end
Lower end is whittled into the wedge-shaped section of 3cm or so by 2 buds, and bevel wants flat and smooth, and the scion cut is rapidly inserted into stock
Notch, main points be " above show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, under pedal sky, forming layer is against forming layer ", and be fastened with plastic film strip, should be timely after connecing
Sprout tillers is erased, nutrient consumption is prevented, conducive to sprouting and the grafting part healing of buddering, need to remove coppice shoot 4 times, budder when growing to 10 ㎝
Plastic strip is loosened in time.
The step 2 stops impregnating when there is 30% seed kind skin that dark reddish brown is presented or has tiny crackle.
The warm water volume that seed is impregnated in the step 2 is 6 times of seed volume.
Turf in the step 4), vermiculite, perlite weight ratio be 1:1:2 or 1:2:2.
The step 4) is that Seedling Stage interval sprays the once slow-release fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer for 15 days to the method for foliage dressing,
Sprayed at nursery stock Fast-growing stage every 10 days once based on phosphorus, potassium and its configuration microelement nutrient solution sprayed, can make
With Ai Ketai, dosage is 6000g/ mus, achievees the purpose that nursery stock robust growth with this, due to this prevalent variety cultivation method take from
Start the measure that selected Medicament soaked seed is just carried out to seed, matrix is handled by sterilizing, therefore generally disease is occurred and compared
It is few, but be to accomplish to put prevention first, 2 bactericides are monthly sprayed, insecticide can use Puli gram 20mL/ mus, be watered 1000 times,
A situation arises for observation insect pest at any time, carries out specific aim prevention and treatment in time.
The step 5) is carried out changing bed transplanting by the seeding row spacing of 0.3m × 0.5m.
Embodiment 3
A kind of the step of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method includes:
1) it chooses seeds: selecting the seed of mature, full and with high purity, clean free from admixture and high vigor, it is desirable that seed seed producing rate is
30%, mass of 1000 kernel 800g are dressed seed with insecticide, and with Anti-moth-eating, insecticide selects metrifonate；
2) seed treatment:
A. seed is impregnated using concentrated sulfuric acid solution, makes its dealkalize, kind soft and soggyization, is ceaselessly stirred during immersion；
B. when seed kind skin is presented dark reddish brown or has tiny crackle, then it should stop impregnating, pour out sulfuric acid liquid, and use clear water
Seed is rinsed, rinsing to the residual water pH of the surface of the seed is 7；
C. seed is then impregnated using warm water, warm water temperature is 42 DEG C, and soaking time is 2 days, makes seed water swelling, in seed
Seed is directly never touched with hand in treatment process；
3) vernalization；
4) hole plate seedling growth:
A. substrate preparation, it is desirable that matrix has gas permeability, water-retaining property and nontoxicity, and the matrix of use includes turf, vermiculite, pearl
Rock, adds decomposed manure, nutrient solution and sterilizing and deinsectization solution stirs evenly, and the pH of matrix is 6.5, makes after stacking 30 days
With；
B. seeding and seedling raising, early March are started to carry out seeding and seedling raising in greenhouse, be sowed using hole tray, and hole tray specification is 32 holes
6.5cm × 10cm, one seed of every bunch planting, depth of planting are 1.5 ㎝, are careful not to leakage cave, after planting cover hole tray with matrix,
Striking off disk with scraper plate keeps seed and matrix closely sturdy, then covers the hole tray of sowing plastic film 7 days, to keep
Temperature and humidity during germination achievees the effect that seed through soil fastly and emergence is neat, but pays attention to observation hair during this period
Existing seed is appeared, and is thrown off plastic foil in time, is burnt nursery stock to death to prevent temperature is excessively high, after planting canopy temperature must control nursery stock
It is suitable for the temperature range of seedling growth, day temperature, 16 DEG C of evening temperature, can when being raised and lowered such as temperature at 30 DEG C
By opening or closing air door and spraying precipitation, closed adjusting temperature in time, temperature can go up shading when being continued above 35 DEG C daytime
Net shading keeps the temperature range that seedling growth period is suitable；A small amount of multiple principle is adhered in water management, keeps humidity general
Between 70%~80%, moisture grasp is unable to overdrying or overly moist, and seedling overly moist is easy rotten and generates disease, overdrying prevention and treatment children
Bud is impaired, can specifically carry out according to weather and temperature conditions, and water spraying time generally will be before 11 points of the morning and after at 3 points in afternoon
It carries out, heat wave can be generated to prevent high temperature period watering and caused damages to nursery stock；
C. foliage dressing, after nursery stock is unearthed and grows true leaf, Seedling Stage sprays slow-release fertilizer and bactericide, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage sprays battalion
Nutrient solution and bactericide；
5) nursery stock definite value: first 7 days of field planting, hardening of divulging information keep 20 DEG C daytime, 17 DEG C of night, are colonized first 2 days, water to nursery stock,
It keeps Tu Tuo not dissipate, in favor of lifting, then changes bed transplanting；
6) it grafts；
A. variety selection, by the Sorosis variety that the variety certification committee is assert, such as G302, G303, fruit thorniness kind, such as general
Fourth, or selection show preferable kind in locality；
B. grafting time selected in the first tenday period of a month in May, and stock arrives leaf stretching period after sprouting；
C. it is grafted using cleft graft；
The concentrated sulfuric acid concentration used in the step 2 is 98%, the weight ratio 3:1 of the concentrated sulfuric acid and seed, and soaking time is 18 points
Clock.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) for method of piling, on the sunny side, ventilation accumulate seed, covered using film
Lid can be sowed when seed starts germination.
The germination accelerating method used in the step 3) is 0.4mm~0.6mm through over cleaning and height with diameter for germinating box method
The sand grains of temperature disinfection does casting bed material, and the water content of casting bed is 65%, with a thickness of 2cm, surfacing, but cannot carry out by reality, casting bed
Afterwards, first Gleditsia sinensis Seeds are fitly emitted on bed surface with tweezers, equably spread the loose sand of one layer of 2cm thickness of lid again above, most
Rear cover upper box cover is put into 5 DEG C of illumination bud case and carries out vernalization, after 4 days, can sow when radicle exposes 1.5cm.
The cleft graft that the step 6) uses, first with shrub and hedge trimmer by stock away from being cut the 20cm of ground at, section will smoothly,
Thorn on stock is disposed, then with sharp grafting knife, stock is rived from centre, and depth is 3cm or so, and scion is stayed in upper end
Lower end is whittled into the wedge-shaped section of 3cm or so by 2 buds, and bevel wants flat and smooth, and the scion cut is rapidly inserted into stock
Notch, main points be " above show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, under pedal sky, forming layer is against forming layer ", and be fastened with plastic film strip, should be timely after connecing
Sprout tillers is erased, nutrient consumption is prevented, conducive to sprouting and the grafting part healing of buddering, need to remove coppice shoot 5 times, budder when growing to 10 ㎝
Plastic strip is loosened in time.
The step 2 stops impregnating when there is 35% seed kind skin that dark reddish brown is presented or has tiny crackle.
The warm water volume that seed is impregnated in the step 2 is 6 times of seed volume.
Turf in the step 4), vermiculite, perlite weight ratio be 1:1:2 or 1:2:2.
The step 4) is that Seedling Stage interval sprays the once slow-release fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer for 15 days to the method for foliage dressing,
Sprayed at nursery stock Fast-growing stage every 10 days once based on phosphorus, potassium and its configuration microelement nutrient solution sprayed, can make
With Ai Ketai, dosage is 6000g/ mus, achievees the purpose that nursery stock robust growth with this, due to this prevalent variety cultivation method take from
Start the measure that selected Medicament soaked seed is just carried out to seed, matrix is handled by sterilizing, therefore generally disease is occurred and compared
It is few, but be to accomplish to put prevention first, 2 bactericides are monthly sprayed, insecticide can use Puli gram 20mL/ mus, be watered 1000 times,
A situation arises for observation insect pest at any time, carries out specific aim prevention and treatment in time.
The step 5) is carried out changing bed transplanting by the seeding row spacing of 0.3m × 0.5m.
Above embodiment is merely exemplary to illustrate the principle of the present invention and its effect, and is not intended to limit the present invention.For
Person skilled in the art all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modifies above-described embodiment or is improved.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by tool usually intellectual in all act technical fields
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method, which is characterized in that a kind of the step of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method includes:
1) choose seeds: selecting seed producing rate is the seed of 25%~30%, mass of 1000 kernel 650g~800g, is dressed seed with insecticide, with Anti-moth-eating；
2) seed treatment:
A. seed is impregnated using concentrated sulfuric acid solution, is ceaselessly stirred during immersion；
B. when seed kind skin is presented dark reddish brown or has tiny crackle, then it should stop impregnating, pour out sulfuric acid liquid, and use clear water
Seed is rinsed, rinsing to the residual water pH of the surface of the seed is 7；
C. seed is then impregnated using warm water, warm water temperature is 38 DEG C~42 DEG C, and soaking time is 2 days~3 days；
3) vernalization；
4) hole plate seedling growth:
A. substrate preparation, the matrix of use include turf, vermiculite, perlite, add decomposed manure, nutrient solution and sterilizing and
Deinsectization solution stirs evenly, and the pH range of matrix is to use after stacking 20 days~30 days in 5.7~6.5 ranges；
B. seeding and seedling raising is sowed using hole tray, and depth of planting is the ㎝ of 1 ㎝~1.5, is after planting covered hole tray with matrix, is used scraper plate
Strike off disk, then cover the hole tray of sowing plastic film 5 days~7 days, nursery stock after planting in greenhouse day temperature 25
DEG C~30 DEG C, 14 DEG C~16 DEG C of evening temperature, keep humidity between 65%~85%；
C. foliage dressing, after nursery stock is unearthed and grows true leaf, Seedling Stage sprays slow-release fertilizer and bactericide, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage sprays battalion
Nutrient solution and bactericide；
5) nursery stock definite value: first 5 days~7 days of field planting, hardening of divulging information keep 18 DEG C~20 DEG C daytime, 13 DEG C~17 DEG C of night, are colonized
It first 2 days, waters to nursery stock, then changes bed transplanting；
6) it grafts:
A. variety selection, by the Sorosis variety that the variety certification committee is assert, fruit thorniness kind；
B. leaf stretching period is arrived in grafting time, selection after stock is sprouted；
C. it is grafted using cleft graft.
2. a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that is used in the step 2 is dense
Sulfuric acid concentration is 98%, the weight ratio 3:1 of the concentrated sulfuric acid and seed, and soaking time is 15 minutes~18 minutes.
3. a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that is used in the step 3) urges
Bud method is method of piling, on the sunny side, ventilation accumulate seed, covered using film, when seed start germination can sow.
4. a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that is used in the step 3) urges
Bud method is germinating box method, and with diameter be 0.05mm~0.8mm, the sand grains through over cleaning and disinfection does casting bed material, and casting bed contains
Water is 65%, and with a thickness of 2cm, after casting bed is carried out, Gleditsia sinensis Seeds are emitted on bed surface, spreads the pine of one layer of 2cm thickness of lid again above
Loose sand finally covers box cover, is put into 5 DEG C of illumination bud case and carries out vernalization, after 3 days~4 days, when radicle exposes 1cm~2cm
It can sow.
5. a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cleft grafting that the step 6) uses
Method first by stock away from cutting at the 15cm~20cm of ground, then stock is rived from centre, and depth is 3cm or so, by scion upper
2 buds are stayed at end, and lower end is whittled into the wedge-shaped section of 3cm, by the notch of the scion cut insertion stock, and use plastic film strip
It is fastened, erases sprout tillers, budder and loosen plastic strip when growing to 10cm.
6. a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2 when have 25%~
When 35% seed kind skin is presented dark reddish brown or has tiny crackle, stop impregnating.
7. a kind of according to claim 1, Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method described in 3 or 5 any claims, which is characterized in that
The warm water temperature that seed is impregnated in the step 2 is 40 DEG C, and warm water volume is 5 times~6 times of seed volume.
8. a kind of according to claim 1, Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method described in 4 or 5 any claims, which is characterized in that
Turf in the step 4), vermiculite, perlite weight ratio be 1:1:2 or 1:2:2.
9. a kind of according to claim 1, Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method described in 4 or 5 any claims, which is characterized in that
The step 4) is that Seedling Stage interval sprays the once slow-release fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer for 15 days to the method for foliage dressing, in nursery stock speed
Raw every 10 days of the phase sprays once based on phosphorus, potassium and its nutrient solution of configuration microelement is sprayed, and monthly sprays 2 sterilizations
Medicine.
10. according to claim 1 or a kind of Chinese honey locust prevalent variety cultivation method described in 6, which is characterized in that the step 5) is pressed
The seeding row spacing of 0.3m × 0.5m carries out changing bed transplanting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112166737A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-05 | 贵州大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of gleditsia sinensis seeds |
| CN115176610A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-14 | 贵州大学 | Method for rapidly cultivating grafted gleditsia sinensis seedlings |
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| CN104115676A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-29 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Chinese honey locust bud seedling twig grafting method |
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| CN104115676A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-29 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Chinese honey locust bud seedling twig grafting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112166737A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-05 | 贵州大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of gleditsia sinensis seeds |
| CN112166737B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-03-18 | 贵州大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of gleditsia sinensis seeds |
| CN115176610A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-10-14 | 贵州大学 | Method for rapidly cultivating grafted gleditsia sinensis seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20181218 |