CN116897816A - Method for cultivating industrial sweetsop seedlings and dwarfing potted plants - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for cultivating and potting the seedlings of industrialized sweetsop includes cultivating the seedlings, transplanting grafted seedlings, dwarfing and pruning, and reasonably retaining fruits; the application aims to provide a pipelining and industrialization production method of sweetsop as a potted cash crop by adopting the technologies of seedling cultivation, transplanting grafted seedlings into a potting container, dwarfing pruning and the like, and provides a practical and standardized dwarfing pruning scheme.

Description

Method for cultivating industrial sweetsop seedlings and dwarfing potted plants

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of fruit tree regulation and cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating industrial sweetsop seedlings and dwarfing potted plants.

Background

Annona squarrosa (academic name: annona squarrosa), also called Annona squamosa (Hainan) forest, mallotus (Guangxi) fructus Annona squamosa, cantonese (Cantonese), apocynum venetum (Guangxi), sakya, annona squamosa, and Buddha, which are perennial semi-deciduous small arbor plants of Annona genus of Annonaceae family, and Annona squamosa is tropical fruit. The sweetsop fruit is delicious and rich in nutrition, has the effect of activating brain cells in scientific research, and is commonly used for treating brain atrophy abroad. The custard apple has obvious auxiliary dietary therapy effect on relieving symptoms when a patient frequently eats the custard apple, in addition, the custard apple has higher fiber content, can effectively promote intestinal peristalsis and remove stool accumulated in the intestines, is also an optimal antioxidant fruit, and can effectively delay skin aging and whiten skin. The sweetsop can be used for planting tropical fruit trees and is suitable for planting and ornamental in garden greenbelts.

In recent years, the technology of fruit tree potting has been developed rapidly. The potted fruit tree is an organic integration of the fruit tree cultivation technology and the traditional Chinese bonsai art, has the advantages of high harvest and beautiful appearance of fruit tree cultivation, and the traditional Chinese bonsai art, and has unique style and charm. The potted plant is not only suitable for the demonstration area of the cash crops, but also suitable for the residence of ordinary residents, and the popularization and development of the potted plant technology is not purely an agricultural technology, but also is an economic industry meeting the demands of common people. The sweetsop potted plant has strong ornamental property, nutrition and health care, and the sweetsop has strong auspicious meaning in China because the appearance of the sweetsop is peculiar and also called as 'Buddha' fruit; the sweetsop leaves are fragrant, can emit aromatic hydrocarbon, and has certain mosquito-killing property; the evergreen leaves have extremely strong ornamental value when used as potted plants. Therefore, the potting technology of the sweetsop is further developed in China, and effective pest and disease prevention and control measures are adopted by combining with the advanced cultivation technology and grafting technology, so that more economic benefits are brought to agriculture in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide an industrialized sweetsop seedling cultivation and potting dwarfing method, which aims at some technical contents of the existing fruit tree potting in China, combines the growth and development characteristics of the sweetsop, and performs dwarfing potting through cultivation technologies such as seedling cultivation, stock selection, reinforced pruning, water and fertilizer management and the like, so that the sweetsop is applied to bonsai cultivation, has ornamental and edible values, and enriches artistic contents of courtyard life.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating and potting the seedlings of industrialized sweetsop is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) Seedling cultivation: specifically comprises

Selecting a nutrition pot: diameter 10 is selectedcm or more, height 25The square or round mouth nutrition pot with the length of more than cm is made of degradable black plastic or black non-woven fabrics;

preparing a seedling substrate: uniformly mixing coconut chaff, plant ash, red loam and organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:1:6:2 to prepare a seedling substrate, wherein the pH value of the red loam is regulated to be above pH6.0, and sieving the red loam with a 200-mesh sieve before use; the organic fertilizer needs to be fully piled and decomposed;

sterilizing a seedling substrate: selecting high-temperature sterilization or medicament sterilization, and performing high-temperature sterilization: placing the mixed matrix into a high-temperature steam sterilizer, maintaining the temperature at 120 ℃ to be more than 1 and h, and cold-cutting and airing the matrix and then filling the matrix into a nutrition pot; and (3) medicament sterilization: preparing 0.4% -0.6% formaldehyde aqueous solution, uniformly spraying the formaldehyde aqueous solution onto seedling substrates or adding 15 g-20 g70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder into each cubic substrate, uniformly mixing, covering a plastic film for covering over 24: 24 h, uncovering the film, airing and filling the film into a nutrition pot;

stock variety selection and cultivation: selecting Annona citrifolia and Annona ananas variety to cultivate stock, cleaning stock seed with clear water, soaking in sterilizing agent 12 h, taking out, and broadcasting on sandOn the bed, covering 2 cm thick sandy soil on the surface of the seeds, and sowing the seeds with the density of 1 000-1 500 grains/m ² The seeds are moved into a nutrition pot loaded with seedling raising matrix when the seeds germinate one to two true leaves;

scion collection: selecting an A.P sweetsop or Gefner variety as a scion, cutting the top of a planned collected branch to promote the growth of a branch bud before the collection of scion branches of 7 d;

grafting: 2-4 months each year, selecting sunny weather for grafting, wherein the optimal air temperature for grafting is 20-25 ℃ in daytime, the lowest air temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃, selecting a stock which grows well and has the diameter of 0.5-cm, selecting a fresh scion branch, removing leaves on the branch, exposing buds at the base of a leaf stalk, and keeping moisture for later use;

and (3) grafted seedling management: the sunshade net is pulled in time to shade before grafting into living days with strong sunlight and high temperature, the grafting is checked to see whether the grafting is alive or not 5 to 7 weeks after grafting, the non-living grafting is carried out in time, after grafting, the stock part is frequently checked to find out that a new bud emerges, and the bud body is timely erased from the base part;

and (3) water and fertilizer management: spraying water is forbidden before grafting from 3 d to scion germination, fertilization is not performed before grafting from 7 d to the scion bud length is not more than 3cm, then 0.5% of balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is sprayed every 25 d, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 30 d to the leaf surface, water is sprayed frequently in the whole seedling stage, the wetting of the nutrition pot is kept, and the water content of the nutrition pot matrix is kept at 70%; applying the fruit strengthening fertilizer for 1 time in 4-5 months each year, spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, retracting the fruit branches to 35-40 cm in a short section, wiping off leaves, and enabling the fruit branches to enter a breeding period as soon as possible;

pest control: adopts physical control method, every 1 hm ² Suspending 450-600 degradable yellow plates with the size of 25cm multiplied by 40cm for trapping and killing pests; every 1. 1 hm ² ～1.5 hm ² Setting a trap lamp to trap and kill adults of phototactic pests;

nursery stock is transplanted: cutting the top of the grafted seedling at the plant height of 45-cm, simultaneously erasing 2-3 leaves below the cut from the base of the leaf stalk to expose the hidden buds of the base of the leaf stalk, recording measures taken in each link of grafting management, pest control and nursery emergence, establishing a seedling production file, and properly preserving for 2 years;

(2) Transplanting the grafted seedlings to a potting container: selecting a potting container with good drainage and ventilation properties, wherein the potting substrate is prepared from peat, coconut coir, perlite and fermented dry chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 10-15: 1:1: 3-5, mixing, namely, placing the potting substrate into a potting container, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment to reduce the germ carrying amount in the substrate; 5 months, transferring grafted seedlings which are well healed after grafting into a potting container;

(3) Dwarfing and pruning: building a backbone branch with a first-level branch and a second-level branch, and controlling crown width every year; the method comprises the following steps: topping when the height of the trunk of the transplanted potted seedling reaches 15-25 cm so as to break the top advantage, culturing 3-4 primary branches on the trunk, and erasing the rest; cutting off the first-stage branches in time when the first-stage branches reach 40-50 cm, culturing 2-3 second-stage branches, erasing the rest, controlling the lengths of the second-stage branches within 40cm so as to avoid overlarge crowns, controlling the heights of the trees within 130-160 cm and not more than 180 cm at maximum, and naturally opening the shaped tree forms, wherein the culturing of the backbone branches of plants is completed; culturing backbone branches according to the topping and chopping steps to control crown width every year, spraying plant growth inhibitor after topping for 1 week every year, and spraying chlormequat chloride 500 mg/L and paclobutrazol 250 mg/L;

(4) Fertilizer and water management: the humidity of the substrate of the potting container is controlled to be 50-65%; the potted plant substrate is added according to the loss of the potted plant substrate every year, and long-acting slow release fertilizer and foliar fertilizer are added; spraying 0.2-0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to keep fruits and strengthen fruits; applying bean cakes and peanut dry scraps in winter in the current year, applying a pre-flower fertilizer 1 time in 1-2 months of transplanting, promoting flower bud differentiation, applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer 1 time in 4-5 months, taking a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as a main component, shortening and retracting the fruit branches to about 40CM, wiping off leaves, and promoting the fruit branches to enter a breeding period as soon as possible;

(5) Reasonable fruit retention: the sweetsop in the new basin can be reserved in the 2 nd year, the reserved fruit amount of the sweetsop is determined according to the thickness of the trunk, and the ratio relation of the trunk circumference and the reserved fruit amount is 1:1 to 1.2.

Further preferably, the stock seedling stage in the stock variety selection and cultivation needs to be sprayed with water frequently, so that the moisture of the nutrition pot is kept, and the water content of the nutrition pot matrix is kept at 70%; spraying with 0.5% balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) every 15. 15 d.

Further, the grafting in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:

cutting stock: cutting off the stock seedling at a position 15 to cm away from the ground, and directly cutting down the smooth side of the stock with a little xylem by using a grafting knife to a depth of 2 cm to 3 cm;

cutting scions: selecting scion branches with basically the same size as the stock, cutting off branch sections with 3 cm-5 cm containing a full bud, cutting off cortex with 2 cm length under the bud, and cutting off long cutting surfaces with xylem, which are slightly longer than the bud side, on the opposite side;

scion and stock engagement: inserting the scion bud outwards and downwards into the stock incision, tightly inserting and ensuring that at least one surface of the scion and the stock form layers to be completely aligned;

binding the stock ears: the scion and the stock are tightly wound and wrapped by a special grafting film with the length of 30 cm and the width of 3cm, and the scion and the stock are knotted and fixed, so that the scion is in a closed environment.

Further, drain holes are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the potting container, and pad tiles or stones with diameters larger than the drain holes are arranged at the drain holes at the bottom, so that root rot caused by unsmooth drainage is avoided; the potting soil filling step comprises the following steps: firstly, laying a substrate with the thickness of 10-15 cm on the bottom of a basin, spraying 800-1000 times of a 50% wettable powder of carbendazim for sterilization, adding a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 2-3 cm, transferring the sweetsop grafted seedlings into the basin, and adding the substrate to the position of 5-8 cm at the mouth of the basin.

In addition, the potted plant substrate is prepared from peat, coconut coir, perlite and fermented dry chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 15:1:1:3, mixing and sterilizing at a high temperature of 150-200 ℃.

More preferably, 15-30 g of a long-acting slow-release fertilizer rich in nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and 2g of a foliar fertilizer are additionally applied in fertilizer water management every year, wherein the long-acting slow-release fertilizer is a lion-horse-brand compound fertilizer or a Schdanli three-amp compound fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer is a European wheat foliar fertilizer or a deep noprofen foliar fertilizer in England.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:

the sweetsop potted plant has the advantages of good harvest of fruit tree cultivation, artistic beauty of traditional Chinese bonsai, unique style and charm, and ornamental and edible fruits; the application aims to provide a pipelining and industrialization production method of the sweetsop as a potted cash crop by adopting the technologies of seedling cultivation, transplanting grafted seedlings into a potting container, dwarfing pruning and the like, and provides a practical and standardized dwarfing pruning scheme.

The popularization and development of the potting technology is not purely an agricultural technology, is an economic industry meeting the requirements of common people, has good popularization and practical values, and can generate good economic benefit after wide popularization and application.

Description of the embodiments

The present application will be further described below in order to make the technical means, innovative features, achieved objects and effects achieved by the present application easy to understand.

The examples described herein are specific embodiments of the present application, which are intended to illustrate the inventive concept, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the application to the embodiments and scope of the application. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art can adopt other obvious solutions based on the disclosure of the claims and specification, including those adopting any obvious substitutions and modifications to the embodiments described herein.

A method for cultivating industrial sweetsop seedlings and dwarfing potted plants, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Seedling cultivation: specifically comprises

Selecting a nutrition pot: diameter 10 is selectedcm or more, height 25The square or round mouth nutrition pot with the length of more than cm is made of degradable black plastic or black non-woven fabrics;

preparing a seedling substrate: uniformly mixing coconut chaff, plant ash, red loam and organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:1:6:2 to prepare a seedling substrate, wherein the pH value of the red loam is regulated to be above pH6.0, and sieving the red loam with a 200-mesh sieve before use; the organic fertilizer needs to be fully piled and decomposed;

sterilizing a seedling substrate: selecting high-temperature sterilization or medicament sterilization, and performing high-temperature sterilization: placing the mixed matrix into a high-temperature steam sterilizer, maintaining the temperature at 120 ℃ to be more than 1 and h, and cold-cutting and airing the matrix and then filling the matrix into a nutrition pot; and (3) medicament sterilization: preparing 0.4% -0.6% formaldehyde aqueous solution, uniformly spraying the formaldehyde aqueous solution onto seedling substrates or adding 15 g-20 g70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder into each cubic substrate, uniformly mixing, covering a plastic film for covering over 24: 24 h, uncovering the film, airing and filling the film into a nutrition pot;

stock variety selection and cultivation: selecting Annona citrifolia and Annona ananas variety to cultivate stock, cleaning stock seeds with clean water, soaking the stock seeds in a sterilizing agent for 12 h, fishing out the stock seeds, sowing the stock seeds on a sand bed, covering the surfaces of the stock seeds with 2 cm thick sand soil, and sowing the stock seeds at a density of 1 000-1 500 grains/m ² The seeds are moved into a nutrition pot loaded with seedling raising matrix when the seeds germinate one to two true leaves; the seedling stage of the stock needs to be sprayed with water frequently, so that the moisture of the nutrition pot is kept, and the water content of the nutrition pot matrix is kept at 70%; spraying with 0.5% balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) every 15. 15 d.

Scion collection: the scion is selected from A.P sweetsop or Gefner variety, 7 d before scion branch collection, the planned collected branches are cut off to promote the branch buds to be strong, and the grafting combination is beneficial to plant dwarf culture and plant potting shaping management;

grafting: 2-4 months, preferably 3 months, each year, grafting in sunny days, wherein the optimal grafting temperature is 20-25 ℃ in daytime, the lowest grafting temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃, the robust stock with the diameter of more than 0.5 and cm is selected, fresh scion branches are selected, leaves on the branches are removed, buds at the base of a leaf stalk are exposed, and moisture is kept for later use;

the grafting specifically comprises the following steps:

cutting stock: cutting off the stock seedling at a position 15 to cm away from the ground, and directly cutting down the smooth side of the stock with a little xylem by using a grafting knife to a depth of 2 cm to 3 cm;

cutting scions: selecting scion branches with basically the same size as the stock, cutting off branch sections with 3 cm-5 cm containing a full bud, cutting off cortex with 2 cm length under the bud, and cutting off long cutting surfaces with xylem, which are slightly longer than the bud side, on the opposite side;

scion and stock engagement: inserting the scion bud outwards and downwards into the stock incision, tightly inserting and ensuring that at least one surface of the scion and the stock form layers to be completely aligned;

binding the stock ears: the scion and the stock are tightly wound and wrapped by a special grafting film with the length of 30 cm and the width of 3cm, and the scion and the stock are knotted and fixed, so that the scion is in a closed environment.

And (3) grafted seedling management: the sunshade net is pulled in time to shade before grafting into living days with strong sunlight and high temperature, the grafting is checked to see whether the grafting is alive or not 5 to 7 weeks after grafting, the non-living grafting is carried out in time, after grafting, the stock part is frequently checked to find out that a new bud emerges, and the bud body is timely erased from the base part;

and (3) water and fertilizer management: spraying water is forbidden before grafting from 3 d to scion germination, fertilization is not performed before grafting from 7 d to the scion bud length is not more than 3cm, then 0.5% of balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is sprayed every 25 d, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 30 d to the leaf surface, water is sprayed frequently in the whole seedling stage, the wetting of the nutrition pot is kept, and the water content of the nutrition pot matrix is kept at 70%; applying the fruit strengthening fertilizer for 1 time in 4-5 months each year, spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, retracting the fruit branches to 35-40 cm in a short section, wiping off leaves, and enabling the fruit branches to enter a breeding period as soon as possible;

pest control: adopting a physical control method, suspending 450-600 degradable yellow plates with the size of 25cm multiplied by 40cm in each 1 hm < 2 > to trap and kill pests; arranging a trap lamp for trapping and killing adults of phototactic pests every 1 hm 2-1.5 hm 2; control principle: according to the plant protection policy of ' pre-prevention as main and comprehensive prevention and control ', the harmless control principle of ' agricultural prevention and control as main and physical prevention and control as auxiliary ' chemical prevention and control ' is adhered to. The agricultural control method comprises the following steps: in the seedling period, water is not sprayed as much as possible in a rainy day, proper temperature, humidity and illumination are kept, and the layout is reasonably arranged. Chemical control is adopted: the main diseases are anthracnose, 50% thiophanate-methyl 800-time liquid, 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 1-000-time liquid or 10% difenoconazole 1-000-time liquid are used in the medicine control department for foliar spraying, and the pesticide is in accordance with the specification of GB/T8321.

The insect pest mainly comprises white fly and thrips, the pesticide is controlled by using 10% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate of 2 times liquid, or 30% thiamethoxam suspending agent of 2-3 times liquid, or 20% dinotefuran of 2-3 times liquid, and the pesticide is applied to the front and back sides of leaves of seedlings in the evening, and the pesticide is in accordance with the specification of GB/T8321.

Nursery stock is transplanted: cutting the top of the grafted seedling at the plant height of 45-cm, simultaneously erasing 2-3 leaves below the cut from the base of the leaf stalk to expose the hidden buds of the base of the leaf stalk, recording measures taken in each link of grafting management, pest control and nursery emergence, establishing a seedling production file, and properly preserving for 2 years;

(2) Transplanting the grafted seedlings to a potting container: selecting a potting container with good drainage and ventilation properties, wherein the potting substrate is prepared from peat, coconut coir, perlite and fermented dry chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 10-15: 1:1: 3-5, wherein the potting matrix is prepared by mixing peat, coconut coir, perlite and fermented dry chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 15:1:1:3, mixing, and sterilizing at a high temperature of 150-200 ℃ to reduce the germ carrying amount in the matrix; 5 months, transferring grafted seedlings which are well healed after grafting into a potting container; drain holes are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the potting container, and pad tiles or stones with diameters larger than the drain holes are arranged at the drain holes at the bottom, so that root rot caused by unsmooth drainage is avoided; the potting soil filling step comprises the following steps: firstly, laying a substrate with the thickness of 10-15 cm on the bottom of a basin, spraying 800-1000 times of a 50% wettable powder of carbendazim for sterilization, adding a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 2-3 cm, transferring the sweetsop grafted seedlings into the basin, and adding the substrate to the position of 5-8 cm at the mouth of the basin.

(3) Dwarfing and pruning: building a backbone branch with a first-level branch and a second-level branch, and controlling crown width every year; the method comprises the following steps: topping when the height of the trunk of the transplanted potted seedling reaches 15-25 cm so as to break the top advantage, culturing 3-4 primary branches on the trunk, and erasing the rest; cutting off the first-stage branches in time when the first-stage branches reach 40-50 cm, culturing 2-3 second-stage branches, erasing the rest, controlling the lengths of the second-stage branches within 40cm so as to avoid overlarge crowns, controlling the heights of the trees within 130-160 cm and not more than 180 cm at maximum, and naturally opening the shaped tree forms, wherein the culturing of the backbone branches of plants is completed; culturing backbone branches according to the topping and chopping steps to control crown width every year, spraying plant growth inhibitor after topping for 1 week every year, and spraying chlormequat chloride 500 mg/L and paclobutrazol 250 mg/L;

(4) Fertilizer and water management: the humidity of the substrate of the potting container is controlled to be 50-65%; the potted plant substrate is added according to the loss of the potted plant substrate every year, and long-acting slow release fertilizer and foliar fertilizer are added; applying bean cakes and peanut dry scraps in winter in the current year, applying a pre-flower fertilizer 1 time in 1-2 months of transplanting, promoting flower bud differentiation, applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer 1 time in 4-5 months, taking a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as a main component, shortening and retracting the fruit branches to about 40CM, wiping off leaves, and promoting the fruit branches to enter a breeding period as soon as possible; spraying 0.2-0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the fruiting period to keep and strengthen fruits; 15-30 g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer rich in nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and 2g of foliar fertilizer are applied each year, wherein the long-acting slow-release fertilizer is a lion-brand compound fertilizer or a Schdanli-trian compound fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer is a European-wheat leaf fertilizer or a Shenno-common-signal leaf fertilizer in the United kingdom.

(5) Reasonable fruit retention: the sweetsop in the new basin can be reserved in the 2 nd year, the reserved fruit amount of the sweetsop is determined according to the thickness of the trunk, and the ratio relation of the trunk circumference (cm) and the reserved fruit amount (each) is 1:1 to 1.2.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the application to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.

Claims (1)

1. A method for cultivating and potting the seedlings of industrialized sweetsop is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

seedling cultivation: specifically comprises

Selecting a nutrition pot: selecting a square or round nutrition pot with the diameter of more than 10cm and the height of more than 25cm, wherein the material is degradable black plastic or black non-woven fabric;

preparing a seedling substrate: uniformly mixing coconut chaff, plant ash, red loam and organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:1:6:2 to prepare a seedling substrate, wherein the pH value of the red loam is regulated to be above pH6.0, and sieving the red loam with a 200-mesh sieve before use; the organic fertilizer needs to be fully piled and decomposed;

sterilizing a seedling substrate: selecting high-temperature sterilization or medicament sterilization, and performing high-temperature sterilization: placing the mixed matrix into a high-temperature steam sterilizer, maintaining the temperature at 120 ℃ to be more than 1 and h, and cold-cutting and airing the matrix and then filling the matrix into a nutrition pot; and (3) medicament sterilization: preparing 0.4% -0.6% formaldehyde aqueous solution, uniformly spraying the formaldehyde aqueous solution onto seedling substrates or adding 15 g-20 g70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder into each cubic substrate, uniformly mixing, covering a plastic film for covering over 24: 24 h, uncovering the film, airing and filling the film into a nutrition pot;

stock variety selection and cultivation: selecting Annona citrifolia and Annona ananas variety to cultivate stock, cleaning stock seeds with clean water, soaking the stock seeds in a sterilizing agent for 12 h, fishing out the stock seeds, sowing the stock seeds on a sand bed, covering the surfaces of the stock seeds with 2 cm thick sand soil, and sowing the stock seeds at a density of 1 000-1 500 grains/m ² The seeds are moved into a nutrition pot loaded with seedling raising matrix when the seeds germinate one to two true leaves; the seedling stage of the stock needs to be sprayed with water frequently, so that the moisture of the nutrition pot is kept, and the water content of the nutrition pot matrix is kept at 70%; spraying with 0.5% balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) every 15 d;

scion collection: selecting an A.P sweetsop or Gefner variety as a scion, cutting the top of a planned collected branch to promote the growth of a branch bud before the collection of scion branches of 7 d;

grafting: 2-4 months each year, selecting sunny weather for grafting, wherein the optimal air temperature for grafting is 20-25 ℃ in daytime, the lowest air temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃, selecting a stock which grows well and has the diameter of 0.5-cm, selecting a fresh scion branch, removing leaves on the branch, exposing buds at the base of a leaf stalk, and keeping moisture for later use;

the grafting specifically comprises the following steps:

cutting stock: cutting off the stock seedling at a position 15 to cm away from the ground, and directly cutting down the smooth side of the stock with a little xylem by using a grafting knife to a depth of 2 cm to 3 cm;

cutting scions: selecting scion branches with basically the same size as the stock, cutting off branch sections with 3 cm-5 cm containing a full bud, cutting off cortex with 2 cm length under the bud, and cutting off long cutting surfaces with xylem, which are slightly longer than the bud side, on the opposite side;

scion and stock engagement: inserting the scion bud outwards and downwards into the stock incision, tightly inserting and ensuring that at least one surface of the scion and the stock form layers to be completely aligned;

binding the stock ears: tightly wrapping the scions and the stocks by using a special grafting film with the length of 30 cm and the width of 3cm, and knotting and fixing the scions and the stocks so that the scions are in a closed environment;

and (3) grafted seedling management: the sunshade net is pulled in time to shade before grafting into living days with strong sunlight and high temperature, the grafting is checked to see whether the grafting is alive or not 5 to 7 weeks after grafting, the non-living grafting is carried out in time, after grafting, the stock part is frequently checked to find out that a new bud emerges, and the bud body is timely erased from the base part;

and (3) water and fertilizer management: spraying water is forbidden before grafting from 3 d to scion germination, fertilization is not performed before grafting from 7 d to the scion bud length is not more than 3cm, then 0.5% of balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is sprayed every 25 d, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed every 30 d to the leaf surface, water is sprayed frequently in the whole seedling stage, the wetting of the nutrition pot is kept, and the water content of the nutrition pot matrix is kept at 70%; applying the fruit strengthening fertilizer for 1 time in 4-5 months each year, spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate, retracting the fruit branches to 35-40 cm in a short section, wiping off leaves, and enabling the fruit branches to enter a breeding period as soon as possible;

pest control: adopts physical control method, every 1 hm ² Suspending 450-600 degradable yellow plates with the size of 25cm multiplied by 40cm for trapping and killing pests; every 1. 1 hm ² ～1.5 hm ² Setting a trap lamp to trap and kill adults of phototactic pests;

nursery stock is transplanted: cutting the top of the grafted seedling at the plant height of 45-cm, simultaneously erasing 2-3 leaves below the cut from the base of the leaf stalk to expose the hidden buds of the base of the leaf stalk, recording measures taken in each link of grafting management, pest control and nursery emergence, establishing a seedling production file, and properly preserving for 2 years;

(2) Transplanting the grafted seedlings to a potting container: selecting a potting container with good drainage and ventilation properties, wherein the potting substrate is prepared from peat, coconut coir, perlite and fermented dry chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 10-15: 1:1: 3-5, preferably 10-15: 1:1: 3-5; the potting matrix is preferably peat, coconut coir, perlite and fermented dry chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 15:1:1:3, mixing and sterilizing at a high temperature of 150-200 ℃. The potted substrate is sterilized at high temperature before being filled into a potting container, so as to reduce the germ carrying amount in the substrate; 5 months, transferring grafted seedlings which are well healed after grafting into a potting container; drain holes are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the potting container, and pad tiles or stones with diameters larger than the drain holes are arranged at the drain holes at the bottom, so that root rot caused by unsmooth drainage is avoided; the potting soil filling step comprises the following steps: firstly, laying a substrate with the thickness of 10-15 cm on the bottom of a basin, spraying 800-1000 times of a 50% wettable powder of carbendazim for sterilization, adding a layer of organic fertilizer with the thickness of 2-3 cm, transferring the sweetsop grafted seedlings into the basin, and adding the substrate to the position of 5-8 cm at the mouth of the basin;

(3) Dwarfing and pruning: building a backbone branch with a first-level branch and a second-level branch, and controlling crown width every year; the method comprises the following steps: topping when the height of the trunk of the transplanted potted seedling reaches 15-25 cm so as to break the top advantage, culturing 3-4 primary branches on the trunk, and erasing the rest; cutting off the first branch in time when the first branch reaches 40-50 cm, culturing 2-3 second branches, erasing the rest branches, controlling the length of the second branches within 40cm so as to avoid overlarge crowns, controlling the tree height within 130-160 cm, and naturally opening the shaped tree form, wherein the culturing of the backbone branches of the plants is completed; culturing backbone branches according to the topping and chopping steps to control crown width every year, spraying plant growth inhibitor after topping for 1 week every year, and spraying chlormequat chloride 500 mg/L and paclobutrazol 250 mg/L;

(4) Fertilizer and water management: the humidity of the substrate of the potting container is controlled to be 50-65%; the potted plant substrate is added according to the loss of the potted plant substrate every year, and long-acting slow release fertilizer and foliar fertilizer are added; spraying 0.2-0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to keep fruits and strengthen fruits; applying bean cakes and peanut dry scraps in winter in the current year, applying a pre-flower fertilizer 1 time in 1-2 months of transplanting, promoting flower bud differentiation, applying a fruit strengthening fertilizer 1 time in 4-5 months, taking a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as a main component, shortening and retracting the fruit branches to about 40CM, wiping off leaves, and promoting the fruit branches to enter a breeding period as soon as possible; 15-30 g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer rich in nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and 2g of foliar fertilizer are applied in fertilizer management each year, wherein the long-acting slow-release fertilizer is a lion-horse brand compound fertilizer or a Schdanli three-amp compound fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer is a European wheat foliar fertilizer or a Shenzhen Nuo-Puxin foliar fertilizer in England;

(5) Reasonable fruit retention: the sweetsop in the new basin can be reserved in the 2 nd year, the reserved fruit amount of the sweetsop is determined according to the thickness of the trunk, and the ratio relation of the trunk circumference and the reserved fruit amount is 1:1 to 1.2.