CN112889504B - Aronia melanocarpa greenhouse turf soil plug seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Aronia melanocarpa greenhouse turfy soil plug seedling raising method by cutting shoots, which comprises the following steps: s1, sterilizing a turfy soil matrix and a plug, erecting a seedbed base, placing the plug on the seedbed base, and spraying until the matrix is saturated with water for later use; s2, shearing a new branch, and removing buds to serve as cuttings; s3, cutting the cutting slip to obtain cutting slips, and immersing the root of the cutting slip into a rooting agent aqueous solution for medium-speed dipping; s4, spraying to a seedbed before cutting, keeping relative humidity in a greenhouse, and cutting the cutting slips on the plug tray; s5, before rooting of the cutting slips, controlling the transmittance, temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, and adjusting the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse after rooting of the cutting slips. By the cutting seedling method, the scion wood can be integrally transplanted outdoors together with the plug tray for seedling hardening after cutting for 50-60 days, the greenhouse can be subjected to cutting for 2-3 seasons each year, large-scale production is realized, factory seedling raising is realized, the seedling raising period is short, and the efficiency is high.

Description

Aronia melanocarpa greenhouse turf soil plug seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a black chokeberry greenhouse turf soil plug seedling raising method.

Background

Aronia melanocarpa is a precious tree species integrating edible, medicinal, landscaping, ecological protection and other values. The research results of the state university of Illinois show that the bioactive components contained in the Aronia melanocarpa fruits can effectively remove free radicals in human bodies, inhibit active enzymes of premutators, improve blood circulation, regulate nervous system functions and improve immunity. The Aronia melanocarpa is not only a very precious economic forest tree species, but also has multiple benefits of landscaping, wind prevention, sand fixation, water and soil conservation, personal ornamental and the like, and is beneficial to improving the physical health level of human bodies and promoting the green economic development of society by popularizing and developing the Aronia melanocarpa industry.

The cutting propagation is the most widely applied method in the asexual propagation of the forest, and has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in implementation, high propagation speed, high propagation coefficient and low cost. The cutting seedling can continue the stage development characteristic of the female parent material, so that compared with the seedling, the cutting seedling can effectively promote early ripening and early flowering and fruit bearing, thereby shortening the tree breeding period and improving the breeding efficiency. Cutting seedling is a widely used seedling technical means, and has obvious advantages in production. The cutting propagation not only solves the problem of large-scale production of the forest, but also provides technical support for preservation of excellent clone and application of the excellent clone in improvement of the forest.

At present, the Aronia melanocarpa is mainly cultivated in a field or by a traditional matrix, the standard of forestation can be achieved only 2-3 years, the period is long, and the problems of poor quality of seedlings, low forestation survival rate, slow growth of the seedlings and the like are commonly existed, so that the development of the Aronia melanocarpa industry is restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention designs a black chokeberry greenhouse turf soil plug seedling cutting seedling raising method for solving the problems of long seedling raising period, poor seedling quality and the like in the traditional method. The invention adopts the following technical means:

a black chokeberry greenhouse turf soil plug seedling cutting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation before insertion: 3-5 days before cutting, sterilizing the peatmoss matrix, and sterilizing the plug tray 1 day before cutting; erecting a seedbed base in a greenhouse, reserving a 30 cm-50 cm wide walk in the middle of the seedbed base, placing a cave dish filled with turfy soil matrix on the seedbed base, setting the cave dish to be 20-40 cm higher than the ground, forming a furrow surface, spraying, and taking the cave dish as cutting for standby when the moisture of the matrix is close to a saturated state;

s2, cutting selection: selecting a strong middle-and strong-age parent tree without plant diseases and insect pests, shearing the sprout branches growing from the root or the new branches on the crown of the tree in the current year, and removing flower buds;

s3, spike preparation: selecting a newly-grown tender stem section at the top end of a cutting as a cutting slip, keeping 1-2 leaves (preferably 2 leaves, namely '1 bud two leaves' tender stem section) with the length not exceeding 5cm, cutting at 40-50 degrees at the position 1 cm-1.5 cm below axillary leaves or buds, cutting smoothly, and immersing the root of the cutting slip into 300 mg.kg ^-1 ～500mg·kg ^-1 The rooting agent aqueous solution is dipped at medium speed for 3 s-5 s, and the dipping depth is 1 cm-2 cm;

s4, cutting: selecting to conduct cutting operation in the early morning or in the evening at the temperature of 25-28 ℃, spraying to a seedbed by an automatic control spraying system before cutting, increasing the surface humidity of a substrate, reducing the temperature in the greenhouse, keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse to be 90-95%, cutting the cutting slips on a plug tray, setting the spraying frequency according to the temperature in the greenhouse in the cutting process, enabling water drops to be attached but not aggregated and not fallen all the time on cutting slips blades, and setting a small arched greenhouse for moisturizing and heat preservation by using a white transparent plastic film after cutting is completed, and covering the seedbed in the small arched greenhouse;

s5, seedling raising shed management: before rooting of the cutting shoots (about 10 days after rooting), a sunshade net is used for keeping the transparency in the greenhouse at 50% -70%, the temperature is 25 ℃ -28 ℃, the relative humidity is 90% -95%, water drops are aggregated on the greenhouse top and the cutting shoots but not fall to the extent, the sunshade net is required to be retracted after rooting of the cutting shoots to increase the illumination intensity, the sunshine hours are prolonged, the photosynthesis efficiency of seedlings is improved, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 28 ℃ -32 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 60% -70%. Proper transmittance can shade and preserve moisture, reduce transpiration of cutting slips and reduce excessive nutrition consumption of cutting slips due to too strong photosynthesis.

Preferably, in the step S1, the turfy soil matrix comprises 70-85% of turfy soil, 10-20% of decomposed donkey horse manure and 5-10% of perlite in percentage by mass.

Preferably, in step S1, the concentration is 3mg.kg by a sprayer 3 to 5 days before cutting ^-1 ～5mg·kg ^-1 Potassium permanganate (KMnO) ₄ ) Uniformly spraying aqueous solution or 800-1000 times of soil bacteria and insect net into turfy soil matrix, covering with plastic cloth, sterilizing matrix, and cutting 1 day before cutting to obtain 2 mg/kg ^-1 ～3mg·kg ^-1 The potassium permanganate aqueous solution is sprayed on tools such as a plug, scissors, a basin and the like to disinfect the instruments.

Preferably, in step S1, the seedbed base is a bamboo raft, the bamboo raft is formed by splicing bamboo chips side by side transversely, gaps of 3cm are formed between the bamboo chips, air can circulate, and the bamboo has the advantages of corrosion resistance, no water absorption, difficult bacterial and virus adhesion, no toxicity, portability, whole laying and the like, the height of the bamboo raft from the ground is 30cm, cutting operation is convenient, and seedbed heating is facilitated.

Preferably, in step S3, the rooting agent is ABT No. 1 or ABT No. 2 rooting powder.

Preferably, in the step S4, 1 plant is inserted into each hole of a PS hole tray special for the forest seedling raising, which is 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm and has 72 holes, and the depth is 1 cm-1.5 cm.

Preferably, in the step S4, the height of the small arch shed is 50 cm-70 cm, and the width is 1.3 m-1.5 m.

Preferably, in the step S5, the small arch shed is removed after the cutting shoots are rooted, and ventilation is carried out for 1 time for 2-3 days in the seedling shed through a top window and a ground leg ventilation opening in the seedling shed.

Compared with the prior art, the black chokeberry greenhouse turfy soil plug tender branch cutting seedling method has the following beneficial effects:

1. by the cutting seedling method, the spikes can be integrally transplanted outdoors together with the plug tray for seedling hardening after 50-60 days after cutting, and 1 greenhouse (greenhouse) can be subjected to cutting for 2-3 seasons for 1 year, so that large-scale production, line production, industrial seedling cultivation, short seedling cultivation period and high efficiency are realized.

2. The cuttage matrix formula in the invention is composed of (70% -85%) turfy soil+ (10% -20%) decomposed donkey horse manure+ (5% -10%) perlite, the matrix is loose and breathable, soft in texture, high in organic matter content, slightly acidic, stable in physicochemical index, capable of absorbing water, fertilizer, pesticide and other medicinal components, and then is continuously and slowly released, so that the water loss speed of the matrix is slowed down, and the later development of the Aronia melanocarpa plants is accelerated.

3. The invention uses the young stem segments of 1 bud and two leaves newly generated by the branch tip to carry out cuttage, and the cutting slip has the advantages of top end, full tissue, full leaf buds and strong growth, improves the seedling raising efficiency and helps the aronia melanocarpa to realize in-vitro rapid propagation.

4. The special PS plug tray for tree seedling cultivation is applied, the specifications are 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm,72 holes, 1 plant is suitable for the row spacing of the black fruit mountain ash cutting plant, root development and overground part growth are not limited after the cutting is survived, the seedling can be transplanted with soil, the seedling cultivation plug tray can be reused, the production cost is reduced, and compared with the common bare root seedling, the container seedling has the advantages of high nursery stock seedling yield, easy control of seedling specification and quality, high afforestation survival rate, short seedling recovery period, convenient mechanical afforestation and the like.

5. The invention carries out cutting seedling in a greenhouse (greenhouse) with complete equipment, complete functions and higher automation degree, has small occupied area, economical land utilization and convenient mechanical operation and environmental automation regulation. The invention can fully utilize the solar energy, the heat energy and the temperature, the humidity and the CO which are balanced in the greenhouse ₂ Accurate control of gas and other resourcesEcological factors such as temperature, humidity and illumination of different development stages of seedlings are improved, the environment conditions of seedling raising are improved, the method is favorable for early growth and development of seedlings, the growth speed of seedlings is high, the propagation coefficient is high, the seedling raising period is short, regular and consistent seedlings can be raised, the quality of the seedlings is ensured, and the seedlings in 5 months of cuttage can reach the mountain-raising forestation specifications before and after 3 months of the next year.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a path diagram of the cutting seedling raising technique of the Aronia melanocarpa twig in the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the laying of a seedbed in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of cutting cuttings of Aronia melanocarpa in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the seedling culture of Aronia melanocarpa in a semi-arch greenhouse according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation of Aronia melanocarpa in an arched greenhouse according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a Aronia melanocarpa plant grown in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-6, a black chokeberry greenhouse turfy soil plug seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

1. cutting conditions:

the greenhouse is 50 m-80 m long, 10 m-16 m wide and 2 m-2.5 m high, has arched or semi-arched top window and ventilating holes for the foot margin, and has raked out the ground in the greenhouse to form area and built walk. An intelligent spraying, humidifying, medicine spraying and fertilizing system is adopted, a reverse hanging type spray head (spraying width: 2.5m, hanging height: 1.5 m) is adopted, a PS plug special for forest seedling cultivation with 72 holes with the specification of 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm, a sunshade net, a thermometer, a hygrometer, an insect sticking plate and an automatic air releasing machine are adopted. The greenhouse is internally provided with temperature and humidity control equipment and light supplementing illumination equipment, the temperature in the greenhouse is between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, the relative humidity is about 90%, the light transmittance is about 50%, and the fineness is equal to or more than 20 meshes of peatmoss (85%) +decomposed donkey horse manure (10%) +perlite (5%) mixed matrix.

2. Preparation before insertion:

3-5 days before cutting, spraying 5 mg/kg ^-1 Potassium permanganate (KMnO) ₄ ) Aqueous solution or 800-fold liquid soil bacteria and insect cleaning (manufacturer: the effective component content of the biological engineering (carrier) of Napofeng, china: 40%, dosage form: wettable powder) is uniformly sprayed into peatmoss, covered with plastic cloth for stewing and sterilizing, and the concentration is 3 mg/kg 1 day before cutting ^-1 The potassium permanganate aqueous solution is sprayed on tools such as a plug, scissors, a basin and the like to disinfect the instruments. And erecting bamboo rows in the shed, wherein the height of the bamboo rows is about 30cm from the ground, and a 30 cm-50 cm wide walk is reserved in the middle. Placing the hole tray filled with the matrix on a bamboo raft, placing the bamboo raft into a furrow surface, spraying, and cutting when the moisture of the matrix is close to a saturated state;

3. cutting selection:

the new branches of the mother tree in the scion nursery in the middle and upper ten days of 5 months enter the rapid growth period, and the nutrition substances in the branches are quite sufficient. Selecting medium and strong-age parent trees with strong growth and strong viability and no plant diseases and insect pests, cutting off the current-year sprout branches growing from the root and the new branches on the crown, and removing flower buds.

4. Spike material preparation:

cutting young stem segments newly grown at the top ends of branches as cutting slips, reserving 2 leaves (namely '1 bud two leaves' young stem segments) with the length of not more than 5cm, cutting at 45 degrees at the position 1 cm-1.5 cm below axillary leaves or buds, cutting slips, immersing the root parts of the cutting slips into the concentration of 500mg.kg ^-1 The rooting agent aqueous solution is dipped at medium speed for 3 s-5 s, and the dipping depth is 1 cm-2 cm; in the process of manufacturing the cutting slips, solar rays cannot be directly irradiated to the manufactured cutting slips base.

5. The cutting method comprises the following steps:

and selecting to conduct cutting operation in the early morning or evening when the temperature in the greenhouse is relatively low. Spraying to the seedbed through an automatic control system before cutting, and keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse between 90% and 95%. 1 plant is inserted into each hole of a PS hole tray special for the forest seedling with the specifications of 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm and 72 holes, and the depth is 1 cm-1.5 cm. In the cutting process, the spraying frequency is set according to the temperature in the greenhouse, so that water drops are always attached to the cutting leaves, but are not accumulated and fall off. The cutting of the strip collected on the same day must be completed on the same day. After cutting, a small arched shed is arranged by a white transparent plastic film, and a seedbed is covered in the arched shed;

the seedbed after cutting is immediately provided with a small arched shed (namely, a shed is arranged in the shed) to cover the seedbed therein, the arched shed is 50cm in height and 1.5m in width, and is covered by a white plastic film with good transmittance, and a spray head is arranged in the small arched shed to facilitate spraying operation.

6. And (3) seedling cultivation greenhouse management:

the sunshine hours of 14-16 hours are ensured every day in the greenhouse, and the sunshine is supplemented by an LED growth lamp when the illumination in the greenhouse is insufficient in the days of overcast, rainy, haze and the like for a plurality of continuous days, so that the illumination intensity is improved or the light period is regulated to increase the photosynthesis time of seedlings; when the sun rays are strong in the midday, the sun-shading net is needed to be put on, and the sun-shading net is collected in the morning, evening or cloudy days.

The transmittance in the shed before rooting of the cutting (about 10 days after cutting) is kept between 50% and 70%; the temperature is kept between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ and the relative humidity is about 95 percent, so that water drops on the shed roof and the cutting leaves are aggregated but not dropped.

After the seedlings root (about 15 days after inserting), the sun-shading net is required to be retracted to increase the illumination intensity, the sunshine hours are prolonged, the photosynthesis efficiency of the seedlings is improved, the temperature in the greenhouse is preferably kept between 28 ℃ and 32 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at about 60%. At the moment, the small arch shed can be removed, ventilation is carried out for 1 time for 2-3 days through the top window and the foot ventilation openings, and the seedlings are prevented from being infected by germs in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.

To prevent the breeding of germs in cutting slips, 800 times of liquid carbendazim (N-methyl carbamate) or Boldo liquid (Cu (OH) is used after cutting ₂ Precipitation +CaSO ₄ ) Uniformly spraying chlorothalonil and the like on a seedbed, comprehensively sterilizing for 1 time, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times. If the user encounters haze or heavy rain for a plurality of continuous days, the user needs to spray the paint for 1 time.

7. Post-cutting management measures:

(1) Sterilizing:

the bacteria for raising seedlings by cutting the tender branches can be easily bred and propagated under the condition of full-illumination spraying. Because the cutting tissue is tender, and more wounds are caused by upper and lower cuts, she Hen, leaf cutting and the like, the cutting is easy to infect bacteria, and the base of individual cutting is rotten sometimes from 2 days to 3 days after the cutting, so that the cutting can spread rapidly without control.

Prevention measures are as follows: after cutting, 800 times of carbendazim (N-methyl carbamate) or Boldo solution (Cu (OH) ₂ Precipitation +CaSO ₄ ) Uniformly spraying chlorothalonil and the like on a seedbed, comprehensively sterilizing for 1 time, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times. And the spraying is also needed to be carried out for 1 time after the continuous multi-day haze weather or heavy rain is met.

(2) And (3) fertilization:

spraying a nutrient solution: after cutting, spraying 50 mg/kg of liquid fertilizer to the leaf surface of the cutting ^-1 The concentration of the ABT1 rooting agent, the potassium indolebutyrate and the brassin lactone aqueous solution is 100mg.kg ^-1 The concentration of the chocolate root (or root-ploidy) +brassin lactone aqueous solution is 20mg.kg ^-1 The alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate is sprayed 1 time in 3 days, 1 is sprayed each time, and the alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate is circularly and alternately used. Can stimulate the rapid division, elongation, rooting and root strengthening of cells, shorten the rooting time and improve the survival rate of seedlings.

After a large number of cuttings root, N, P, K compound fertilizer solution rich in chelated trace elements is sprayed to the leaf surfaces, and the concentration is 50mg.kg ^-1 (such as the sea magic granule is rich, the sea magic is strong, the omnipotence is strong, the uranium can, etc.) or spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, ferrous sulfate and brassin lactone, spraying for 1 time in 7 days, and stopping spraying 1 month before seedling emergence. Can enhance root system activity, improve photosynthesis of cutting, improve the absorption capacity of root system to soil nutrient elements, make leaf dark green and bright, and prevent and treat various physiological diseases of seedling.

And (3) spreading mixed fertilizer: after 20 days, when the root system of the cuttage seedling is changed from milky to earthy yellow and aged, ammonium sulfate ((NH) ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ ) Diammonium phosphate ((NH) ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ ) Potassium sulfate (K) ₂ SO ₄ ) Preparing mixed fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:1:1, wherein 3 parts are used for each time0kg/hm ² The dosage of (2) is uniformly spread on the bed surface and sprayed with water. And stopping fertilizing after 9 months.

(3) Weed and defoliation removal:

after cutting for about 20 days, various weeds grow on the surface of the cutting bed and the footpath, light and water are absorbed, rooting and growth of cutting seedlings are affected, the weeds are removed in a root-connecting mode in time according to the principles of early removal, small removal and removal, and then the weeds are removed along with the cutting bed until the seedlings grow high, and the seedbed is closed.

After the cutting shoots root, the old leaves on the overground part can be gradually changed into reddish brown and yellow from green, new branches and leaves grow on axilla, terminal buds of the old leaves or directly from roots, and the larger old leaves can fall off at the moment. The fallen leaves can shield illumination, reduce the temperature of the bed surface, rot and breed germs on the seedbed, and the fallen leaves need to be picked up in time.

(4) Pest control:

disease: mainly iron deficiency type yellow disease, often called green deficiency disease, is manifested by yellow green or even yellow white leaf and tender stem at the top, loses photosynthesis ability, and affects cutting survival rate and normal growth and development of plants.

The control method comprises the following steps: the concentration is 30mg.kg ^-1 Chelated ferrous sulfate (FeSO) ₄ ) Or 20mg.kg ^-1 The frontal iron of the tree is uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the yellowing leaves and the tender stems or directly used for root irrigation. Spraying for 1 time every 7 days until the leaf color turns green.

Insect pest: meadow aphid prevention and control measures: removing damaged stems and leaves when the young shoots, buds or young leaves are found to have clustered larvae; 3000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder with the concentration of 10 percent is used; spraying 2000 times of wettable powder of 2.5% Aphis lupulus onto the damaged plants in the morning or in the evening. When insect pest occurs in a large area, the insect pest needs to be sprayed for 2 to 3 times.

Prevention and control measures of yellow thorn moth: when the larvae appear on the back of the leaves, manually catching and killing the larvae; using abamectin 1500 times liquid with the concentration of 90 percent; the phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times of the concentration of 50% is sprayed on the damaged leaves and plants in the evening, and the pesticide spraying is needed for 2 to 3 times in the period.

The brown-edge green thorn moth, sang He thorn moth, flat thorn moth and black-hair tortoise are also found occasionally, and the occurrence rate is in a peak period from the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 8 months, and the control method is the same as above.

8. And (5) seedling investigation:

investigation of survival rate in the current year: the survival rate of the seedlings is investigated 30 days, 60 days and before seedling raising after cutting, and the purpose is to count and analyze the growth condition and the number of the seedlings. The selected plots must be representative and the investigation area must not be less than 2% to 4% of the total plot area.

Investigation shows that the rooting rate is 98-99% in 30 days, the survival rate is 96-98% in 60 days, and the preservation rate before seedling emergence is 95-97%, and the result shows that: the Aronia melanocarpa is suitable for cutting propagation in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment of a greenhouse, and the survival rate is obviously improved compared with the outdoor environment.

Measurement of the annual growth: and (5) investigating the quality of the seedlings before overwintering and seedling lifting, and respectively measuring the ground diameter, seedling height, main root length, lateral root number, lignification degree, plant diseases and insect pests and the like of the seedlings. Selecting a block 1m at regular intervals on average ² Randomly selecting 20 strains in the sample for measurement. The results show that the average ground diameter is 0.5 cm-0.8 cm, the seedling height is 38 cm-45 cm, the length of the main roots is 35 cm-48 cm, the number of the main roots is 3-5, compared with the control, the difference is obvious, each measured value occupies absolute advantages, the seedlings are healthy and strong, and the root system is developed.

Current year biomass measurement: biomass was measured at the end of the growing season in late 10 months, 10 plants were randomly drawn per treatment, and the dry mass of the upper and lower parts of the land was all harvested and dried to constant weight at 70 ℃. The result shows that the total dry mass of the plants under the condition of the plug turfy soil is 11.65 g-19.55 g, the overground part is obviously larger than the underground part, and the biomass of the single plant is obviously higher than that of the control, so that the Aronia melanocarpa is suitable for growing under the conditions of moist and fertile, high organic matter content and soft texture.

9. Cold-proof overwintering:

seedling lifting: and stopping flowing sap after the seedlings fall from the last 10 months to the last 11 months, and starting the seedlings after the plants enter the dormant period to the soil before sealing. Spraying water to the surface of the cuttage bed 2-3 days before seedling emergence. When the seedling is started from one end of the slotting machine, the spade is used for turning the surface of the seedling bed, so that the root system is prevented from being damaged, and the root of the seedling is pinched by hands and is slowly pulled out of the matrix. And then grading the seedlings according to the conditions of seedling height, ground stems, main root length, lateral root quantity, plant diseases and insect pests, mechanical damage and the like, and bundling 20 or 30 plants into 1 bundle. The grading standard accords with the technical specification of the cuttage seedling raising of the mountain ash twig of the DB 21/T2453-2015.

And (3) temporary planting: and selecting a place with good drainage in a seedling raising place or digging a temporary planting ditch with the depth of 50cm and the length and width according to the number of seedlings on the spot of a cutting seedling bed, paving fine river sand with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm on the ditch bottom, dipping the root of the classified seedling into slurry, and performing temporary planting in regions. During temporary planting, the seedlings are placed in a ditch in a 45-degree inclined mode, 1 row of seedlings are placed to cover 1 layer of soil, the soil is compacted by foot, the soil is covered to the position 2/3 of the height of the seedlings, then the seedlings are fully irrigated with big water, the soil is covered to the position below the seedling tips again in the last ten days of 11 months, and corn stalks with the thickness of about 30cm are covered on the soil.

10. Seedling technology file:

in the process of implementing cutting, each step has detailed character record, and the specific records are recorded by special persons and filled in on time, so that the production and scientific research data are accumulated to form archival data, and a scientific basis is provided for improving the cutting technology level.

The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The Aronia melanocarpa greenhouse turf soil plug seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

1. cutting conditions:

the greenhouse has the specification of 50 m-80 m long, 10 m-16 m wide and 2 m-2.5 m high, arched or semi-arched shape, top windows and foot ventilation openings are reserved, the ground in the greenhouse is raked, the area is divided, and the pavement is built; adopt intelligent spraying, humidification, spout medicine, fertilization system, the hanging shower nozzle of falling, spout the width of cloth: 2.5m, hanging height more than 1.5m, standard 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm PS cave dish special for raising tree seedlings with 72 cave, sunshade net, thermometer, hygrometer, clay insect plate, automatic air release machine, temperature and humidity controlling equipment in the shed, light supplementing illumination equipment, temperature in the shed between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, relative humidity about 90%, light transmittance about 50%, grass carbon soil 85% + decomposed donkey horse manure 10% + perlite 5% mixed matrix with fineness more than or equal to 20 meshes;

2. preparation before insertion:

3-5 days before cutting, spraying 5 mg/kg ^-1 Uniformly spraying potassium permanganate aqueous solution or 800 times of soil bacteria and insect repellent into turfy soil, covering plastic cloth, stewing, sterilizing, and keeping the concentration at 3mg.kg 1 day before cutting ^-1 Spraying potassium permanganate aqueous solution onto a cave dish, scissors and basin tool for instrument sterilization, erecting bamboo rows in a shed, wherein the height of the bamboo rows is about 30cm from the ground, and reserving a 30 cm-50 cm wide walk in the middle; placing the hole tray filled with the matrix on a bamboo raft, placing the bamboo raft into a furrow surface, spraying, and cutting when the moisture of the matrix is close to a saturated state;

3. cutting selection:

selecting medium and strong-age parent trees with strong growth, strong viability and no plant diseases and insect pests, shearing new branches on current-year tillering branches and crowns growing from roots, and removing flower buds;

4. spike material preparation:

cutting young stem segments newly grown at the top ends of branches as cutting slips, keeping 2 leaves with the length of not more than 5cm, cutting at 45 degrees at the position 1 cm-1.5 cm below axillary leaves or buds, smoothing the cutting slips, and immersing the root parts of the cutting slips into 500mg.kg ^-1 The rooting agent aqueous solution is dipped at medium speed for 3 s-5 s, and the dipping depth is 1 cm-2 cm; in the process of manufacturing the cutting slips, solar rays cannot be directly irradiated to the manufactured cutting slips base;

5. the cutting method comprises the following steps:

cutting operation is carried out when the temperature in the greenhouse is relatively low in the early morning or evening; spraying to the seedbed through an automatic control system before cutting, and keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse between 90% and 95%; 1 plant is inserted into each hole of a PS hole tray special for the forest seedling with the specifications of 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm and 72 holes, and the depth is 1 cm-1.5 cm; setting spraying frequency according to the temperature in the greenhouse in the cutting process, so that water drops are always attached to the cutting leaves but not accumulated and fall off; the cutting of the strips collected on the same day must be completed on the same day; after cutting, a small arched shed is arranged by a white transparent plastic film, and a seedbed is covered in the arched shed;

the seedbed after cutting is immediately provided with a small arched shed which is 50cm in height and 1.5m in width, covered by a white plastic film with good transmittance, and a spray head is arranged in the small arched shed, so that the spraying operation is facilitated;

6. and (3) seedling cultivation greenhouse management:

the sunshine hours of 14-16 hours are ensured every day in the greenhouse, the sunshine is carried out by using an LED growth lamp when the illumination in the greenhouse is insufficient in overcast and rainy days and haze days for continuous multiple days, the illumination intensity is improved or the light period is regulated, so that the photosynthesis time of seedlings is prolonged; when the sun rays are strong in the noon, a sunshade net is arranged, and the sun-shading net is collected in the morning, evening or cloudy days;

the transmittance in the shed before rooting of the cutting shoots is kept between 50% and 70%; the temperature is kept between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ and the relative humidity is about 95 percent, so that water drops on the shed roof and the cutting leaves are aggregated but not dropped;

after the seedlings root, the sun-shading net is required to be retracted to increase the illumination intensity, the sunshine hours are prolonged, the photosynthesis efficiency of the seedlings is improved, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 28 ℃ and 32 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at about 60%; at the moment, the small arch shed is removed, ventilation is carried out for 1 time for 2-3 days through the top window and the foot ventilation openings, and the seedlings are prevented from being infected with germs in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment;

in order to prevent the cutting slip from breeding germs, after cutting, the carbendazim or the Barduo liquid with the concentration of 800 times of liquid and chlorothalonil are uniformly sprayed on a seedbed for comprehensive disinfection and sterilization for 1 time, and then sprayed for 1 time every 7 days for 2 to 3 times continuously; if the user encounters haze or heavy rain in continuous days, the user needs to spray the paint for 1 time;

7. post-cutting management measures:

(1) And (3) fertilization:

spraying a nutrient solution: after cutting, 50 mg/kg of the liquid fertilizer is sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the cutting slips ^-1 The concentration of the ABT1 rooting agent, the potassium indolebutyrate and the brassin lactone aqueous solution is 100 mg/kg ^-1 Is prepared from 20 mg/kg of aqueous solution of chocolate root or root-ploidy+brassinolide ^-1 The alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate is sprayed for 1 time in 3 days, 1 is sprayed each time, and the alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate is circularly and alternately used;

after a large number of cuttings root, N, P, K compound fertilizer solution rich in chelated trace elements is sprayed to the leaf surface, and the concentration is 50mg.kg ^-1 Or spraying 1000-1500 times of water-soluble amino acid fertilizer, ferrous sulfate and brassin lactone for 1 time in 7 days, and stopping spraying 1 month before seedling emergence;

and (3) spreading mixed fertilizer: about 20 days after the cutting, when the root system of the cutting seedling is changed from milky to earthy yellow and aged, preparing the mixed fertilizer from ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate according to the ratio of 1:1:1, wherein each time, the mixed fertilizer is 30kg/hm ² Uniformly spreading the dosage of the water on the bed surface, and spraying water; stopping fertilizing after 9 months;

(2) Weed and defoliation removal:

after cutting for about 20 days, various weeds grow on the surface of the cutting bed and the footpath, light and water are absorbed, rooting and growth of cutting seedlings are affected, the weeds are removed by connecting roots in time according to the principles of early removal, small removal and removal until the seedlings grow high, and the seedling bed is closed;

(3) Pest control:

the control method comprises the following steps: with a concentration of 30mg.kg ^-1 The chelated ferrous sulfate is uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the yellowing leaves and the tender stems; spraying for 1 time every 7 days until the leaf color turns green;

insect pest: meadow aphid prevention and control measures: removing damaged stems and leaves when the young shoots, buds or young leaves are found to have clustered larvae; spraying 2000 times of wettable powder of 2.5% Aphis lupulus on the damaged plants in the morning or evening; when insect damage occurs in a large area, the insect damage needs to be sprayed for 2 to 3 times;

prevention and control measures of yellow thorn moth: when the larvae appear on the back of the leaves, manually catching and killing the larvae; spraying 1500 times of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate with the concentration of 50% on the damaged leaves and plants in the evening, wherein the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times in the period;

8. cold-proof overwintering:

seedling lifting: stopping flowing sap after the seedlings fall from the last 10 th to the last 11 th of the month, and starting the seedlings after the plants enter the dormancy stage to the soil before sealing; spraying water to the surface of the cuttage bed 2-3 days before seedling raising; when the seedling is started from one end of the slotting machine, the spade is used for turning the surface of the seedling bed so as to avoid damaging root systems, and the root systems of the seedling are pinched by hands and slowly pulled out from the matrix; then, grading the seedlings according to the seedling height, the ground stems, the length of main roots, the quantity of lateral roots, plant diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage conditions, and bundling 20 or 30 plants into 1 bundle; the grading standard accords with DB 21/T2453-2015 Aronia melanocarpa twig cutting seedling raising technical specification;

and (3) temporary planting: selecting a place with good drainage in a seedling raising place or digging a temporary planting ditch with the depth of 50cm and the length and width according to the number of seedlings on the spot of a cutting seedling bed, paving fine river sand with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm on the ditch bottom, dipping the root of the graded seedling into slurry, and performing temporary planting in regions; tilting the seedling 45 during temporary planting ^o Placing into ditch, arranging 1 row seedling, covering 1 layer of soil, compacting by foot, covering soil to 2/3 of seedling height, irrigating thoroughly with large water, covering soil again in the last 11 months until the seedling tip is below, and covering with corn stalk about 30cm thick.

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