CN112889504B - A method for raising seedlings by cutting young shoots of Sorbus adenocarba in greenhouses in peat soil plug trays - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Aronia melanocarpa greenhouse turfy soil plug seedling raising method by cutting shoots, which comprises the following steps: s1, sterilizing a turfy soil matrix and a plug, erecting a seedbed base, placing the plug on the seedbed base, and spraying until the matrix is saturated with water for later use; s2, shearing a new branch, and removing buds to serve as cuttings; s3, cutting the cutting slip to obtain cutting slips, and immersing the root of the cutting slip into a rooting agent aqueous solution for medium-speed dipping; s4, spraying to a seedbed before cutting, keeping relative humidity in a greenhouse, and cutting the cutting slips on the plug tray; s5, before rooting of the cutting slips, controlling the transmittance, temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, and adjusting the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse after rooting of the cutting slips. By the cutting seedling method, the scion wood can be integrally transplanted outdoors together with the plug tray for seedling hardening after cutting for 50-60 days, the greenhouse can be subjected to cutting for 2-3 seasons each year, large-scale production is realized, factory seedling raising is realized, the seedling raising period is short, and the efficiency is high.

Description

A method for raising seedlings by cutting young shoots of Sorbus adenocarba in greenhouses in peat soil plug trays

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for raising seedlings by cutting young shoots in peat soil plug trays in greenhouses of Sorbus adenocarpus.

Background technique

Sorbus arvensis is a precious tree species that combines edible, medicinal, landscaping, and ecological protection. The research results of Illinois State University in the United States show that the bioactive ingredients contained in the fruit of Aronia can effectively remove free radicals in the human body and inhibit pro-mutagenic activating enzymes, improve blood circulation, and regulate nervous system functions , Improve immunity. Aronia black fruit is not only a very precious economic forest tree species, but also has multiple benefits such as landscaping, wind and sand fixation, water and soil conservation, and cultural appreciation. The promotion and development of Aronia black fruit industry will not only help improve human health It can also promote the development of social green economy.

Cutting propagation is the most widely used method in asexual propagation of forest trees. It has the advantages of simplicity, fast propagation speed, high propagation coefficient and low cost. Cutting seedlings can continue the stage development characteristics of female parent materials, so compared with seedlings, it can effectively promote early maturity, early flowering and fruiting, thereby shortening the breeding cycle of forest trees and improving breeding efficiency. Cutting seedling raising is a widely used seedling raising technology, which has obvious advantages in production. Cutting propagation not only solves the problem of large-scale production of forest trees, but also provides technical support for the preservation of excellent clones and their application in forest improvement.

At present, the production of Sorbus arvensis mostly adopts field or traditional substrate seedling cultivation, and it takes 2 to 3 years to reach the afforestation specification, which is a long period, and generally suffers from poor quality of seedlings, low survival rate of afforestation and slow growth of seedlings, etc. Problems have restricted the development of Aronia black fruit industry.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention researches and designs a method for growing seedlings by cutting cuttings in peat soil plug trays in greenhouses of Sorbus adenocarpus to solve the problems of long seedling raising period and poor quality of seedlings in traditional methods. The technical means adopted in the present invention are as follows:

A method for growing seedlings by cuttage cuttings in peat soil plug trays in greenhouses of Sorbus adenocarba in greenhouses, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

S1. Preparation before cutting: 3 days to 5 days before cutting, sterilize the peat soil matrix, and 1 day before cutting, sterilize the hole plate; set up the seedbed base in the greenhouse, leave 30cm~ in the middle of the seedbed base 50cm wide walkway, put the tray with peat soil substrate on the base of the seedbed, the tray is 20-40cm above the ground, arrange it as a border, and then spray it, and use it as a cutting when the moisture of the substrate is close to saturation;

S2, selection of cuttings: select the middle and strong age mother trees that are strong in growth and have no damage by diseases and insect pests, cut the buds that grow out from the roots or the new shoots on the canopy, and remove the flower buds;

S3. Production of ear material: select the newly born young stems at the top of the cuttings as cuttings, the length of the cuttings is 6cm-8cm, and keep 1-2 leaves (preferably keep 2 leaves, that is, the young stems of "1 bud and two leaves") , the length of the leaves does not exceed 5cm, cut at 40° to 50° at 1cm to 1.5cm below the leaf axils or buds, the cut is smooth, and the root of the cuttings is immersed in a rooting agent with a concentration of 300mg·kg ^-1 to 500mg·kg ^-1 Dip in the water solution at a medium speed, the time is 3s~5s, and the depth of dipping is 1cm~2cm;

S4. Cutting method: choose the early morning or evening when the temperature in the greenhouse is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ for cutting operations. Before cutting, use the automatic control spray system to spray the seedbed to increase the surface humidity of the substrate, reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, and maintain the relative humidity in the greenhouse. 90% to 95%, cut the cuttings on the plug tray, the cutting depth is 1cm to 1.5cm, set the spray frequency according to the temperature in the shed during the cutting process, so that there are always water droplets on the cutting leaves but do not gather or fall, and the cutting is complete Finally, use a white transparent plastic film to set up a small shed for moisturizing and heat preservation, and cover the seedbed in it;

S5, seedling shed management: before the cuttings take root (about 10 days after inserting), use a sunshade net to keep the light transmittance in the greenhouse at 50% to 70%, the temperature is 25°C to 28°C, and the relative humidity is 90% to 95%. The water droplets on the roof of the shed and the leaves of the cuttings condense but do not fall. After the cuttings take root, the sunshade net should be put away to increase the light intensity, prolong the sunshine hours, and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the seedlings. The temperature in the shed should be kept at 28°C to 32°C , the relative humidity is maintained at 60% to 70%. Appropriate light transmittance can shade and moisturize, reduce transpiration of cuttings, and reduce excessive consumption of nutrients due to strong photosynthesis of cuttings.

Preferably, in step S1, the peat soil matrix includes 70%-85% peat soil, 10%-20% decomposed donkey and horse manure and 5%-10% perlite in mass fraction.

Preferably, in step S1, 3 days to 5 days before cutting, the potassium permanganate (KMnO ₄ ) aqueous solution with a concentration of 3 mg·kg ^-1 to 5 mg·kg ^-1 or 800 to 1000 times liquid soil bacteria Spray Chongjing evenly into the peat soil matrix, and then cover it with plastic cloth to sterilize the matrix. Spray potassium permanganate aqueous solution with a concentration of 2mg·kg ^-1 ~ 3mg·kg ^-1 on the plug tray, Disinfect instruments such as scissors and basins.

Preferably, in step S1, the base of the seedbed is a bamboo raft, and the bamboo raft is spliced side by side with bamboo slices. There is a gap of 3 cm between the bamboo slices, which can circulate air. Bamboo has corrosion resistance, non-absorbent, bacterial and virus It is not easy to grow, non-toxic, light, and can be laid as a whole. The height of the bamboo raft is 30cm from the ground, which is convenient for cutting operations and is conducive to heating the seedbed.

Preferably, in step S3, the rooting agent is No. ABT1 or No. ABT2 rooting powder.

Preferably, in step S4, one plant is inserted in each hole on a special PS hole plate with a size of 540mm×280mm×90mm and 72 holes, and the depth is 1cm-1.5cm.

Preferably, in step S4, the small shed is 50cm-70cm high and 1.3m-1.5m wide.

Preferably, in step S5, the small arch shed is removed after the cuttings take root, and the seedling shed is kept ventilated once every 2 to 3 days through the top window and the vents at the base of the shed.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of a method for raising seedlings by cuttings and cuttings of Sorbus adenocarpus in greenhouses in greenhouses with peat soil are as follows:

1. Through the method for raising seedlings by cuttings in the present invention, the ear material can be transplanted to the outdoors together with the hole tray as a whole for 50 days to 60 days after it is inserted, and it will be returned to the nursery for seedling hardening. One greenhouse (greenhouse) can be cuttted for 2 to 3 seasons in 1 year. Realize large-scale production, assembly line operation, industrial seedling cultivation, short seedling cultivation cycle and high efficiency.

2. The cutting matrix formula in the present invention is mass fraction (70%～85%) peat soil+(10%～20%) decomposed donkey and horse manure+(5%～10%) perlite, the matrix is loose and breathable, and the quality is soft , with high organic matter content, slightly acidic, stable physical and chemical indicators, can absorb water, fertilizers and pesticides and other pharmaceutical ingredients, and then release them continuously and slowly, slowing down the rate of water loss from the substrate and speeding up the growth of Sorbus arvensis plants. later development.

3. The present invention uses the young stem section of "one bud and two leaves" newly born on the top of the branch to carry out cuttings. The cuttings have "top advantage", the tissue is substantial, the leaf buds are full, and the growth is robust, which improves the efficiency of seedling cultivation and helps Sorbus adenocarpa Realize in vitro rapid propagation.

4. In the present invention, special PS trays for tree seedling cultivation are used, the specifications are 540mm×280mm×90mm, 72 holes, and one plant is inserted in each hole, which is just suitable for the row spacing of Sorbus argentica cuttings. After the cuttings survive, the growth of the root system and the growth of the above-ground parts are not restricted. , the seedlings can be transplanted with soil, and the seedling trays can be reused, which reduces the production cost. Compared with ordinary bare-root seedlings, container seedlings have the advantages of high seedling emergence rate, easy control of seedling specifications and quality, high survival rate of afforestation, and slow seedling period. Short, easy to mechanized afforestation and other advantages.

5. The present invention raises seedlings by cuttings in a greenhouse (bighouse) with complete equipment, complete functions and a high degree of automation, which occupies a small area, is economical in land use, and is convenient for mechanized operation and automatic environment control. The present invention can make full use of resources such as solar light energy, thermal energy and greenhouse (greenhouse) balanced temperature, humidity, _CO2 gas, and accurately control ecological factors such as temperature, humidity, and light at different development stages of seedlings, and improve the environmental conditions for seedling cultivation , It is beneficial to the early growth and development of seedlings. The seedlings grow fast, have a high reproduction coefficient, and the seedling breeding cycle is short. They can cultivate neat and consistent seedlings. The quality of the seedlings is guaranteed. The seedlings cut in May can grow up to the next March. Specification.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the path diagram of cutting seedling raising technology of Sorbus adenocarpus twigs in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the laying diagram of seedbed among the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the cuttings of cut Aronia nigra in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of growing seedlings of Sorbus nigra in the semi-arched greenhouse in the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of growing seedlings of Sorbus nigra in the arched greenhouse in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cultivated Aronia plant in the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1-6, a method for growing seedlings by cutting cuttings of Sorbus adenocarpus in greenhouses in peat soil plug trays comprises the following steps:

1. Cutting conditions:

The specifications of the greenhouse (greenhouse) are generally 50m-80m long, 10m-16m wide, 2m-2.5m high, arched or semi-arched, with roof windows and foot vents, rake the ground inside the shed, divide the area, and build it. trail. Adopt intelligent spraying, humidification, spraying and fertilization systems, upside-down nozzles (spray width: 2.5m, suspension height > 1.5m), specifications are 540mm×280mm×90mm, with 72 holes PS tray for tree seedlings, sunshade net , Thermometer, hygrometer, sticky insect board, automatic blower. There should be temperature and humidity control equipment in the shed, as well as supplementary lighting equipment. The temperature in the shed is between 25°C and 30°C, the relative humidity is about 90%, the light transmittance is about 50%, and the fineness is ≥ 20 mesh peat soil ( 85%) + decomposed donkey and horse manure (10%) + perlite (5%) mixed matrix.

2. Preparation before insertion:

3 days to 5 days before the cutting, use a sprayer to clean the aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO ₄ ) with a concentration of 5 mg kg ^-1 or 800 times liquid soil fungus (manufacturer: China Nopfon Bioengineering (Zibo) ) Co., Ltd., active ingredient content: 40%, dosage form: wettable powder) evenly sprayed into the peat soil, and then covered with plastic cloth to sterilize by ^sterilizing . Potassium acid aqueous solution is sprayed on plugs, scissors, basins and other tools for instrument disinfection. Set up bamboo rafts in the shed, the height of the bamboo rafts from the ground is about 30cm, and a 30cm-50cm wide trail is left in the middle. Put the plugs filled with the substrate on the bamboo rafts, arrange them into furrows, and then spray them, and cut them when the moisture of the substrate is close to saturation;

3. Selection of cuttings:

In mid-to-early May, the new branches of the mother tree in the ear-picking nursery entered a rapid growth period, and the nutrients in the branches were very sufficient. Choose a middle-aged and strong-aged mother tree with strong growth, strong vitality, and no pests and diseases. Cut off the buds that grow from the roots and the new shoots on the canopy, and remove the flower buds.

4. Production of spike material:

Cut off the new young stems at the top of the branches as cuttings, the length is about 6cm to 8cm, and keep 2 leaves (that is, the young stems of "one bud and two leaves"). Cut at 45° at 1.5cm, with a smooth cut, dip the roots of the cuttings into the rooting agent aqueous solution with a concentration of 500mg·kg ^-1 at a medium speed for 3s to 5s, and dip in the medicine to a depth of 1cm to 2cm; the process of making cuttings Do not let the sun's rays directly irradiate the base of the cuttings that have been made.

5. Cutting method:

Choose early morning or evening when the temperature in the shed is relatively low for cutting operations. Before cutting, the automatic control system is used to spray the seedbed to keep the relative humidity in the shed between 90% and 95%. One plant is inserted in each hole on a special PS hole plate with 72 holes in the size of 540mm×280mm×90mm, and the depth is 1cm to 1.5cm. During the cutting process, the spray frequency is set according to the temperature in the shed, so that there are always water droplets attached to the leaves of the cuttings but do not gather or fall. The strips collected on the same day must be cut on the same day. After the cutting is completed, set up a small shed with a white transparent plastic film to cover the seedbed;

The seedbed after cutting should be immediately set up with a small shed (that is, a shed in the shed) to cover the seedbed. The shed is 50cm high and 1.5m wide, covered with a white plastic film with good light transmittance, and the nozzle is placed in the small shed. Easy to spray operation.

6. Seedling shed management:

14h~16h of sunshine hours should be guaranteed in the shed every day. In the case of continuous days of rainy, haze and other weather, when the light in the shed is insufficient, use LED grow lights to supplement the light, increase the light intensity or adjust the photoperiod to increase the growth of species. The photosynthesis time of seedlings; press the sunshade net when the sun is strong at noon, and put it away in the morning, evening or cloudy days.

Before the cuttings take root (about 10 days after cuttings), the light transmittance in the shed should be kept between 50% and 70%; the temperature should be kept between 25°C and 28°C, and the relative humidity should be about 95%. The water droplets on the surface coagulate but do not fall.

After the seedlings take root (about 15 days after planting), the sunshade net should be put away to increase the light intensity, extend the sunshine hours, and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the seedlings. The temperature in the shed should be kept between 28°C and 32°C, and the relative humidity should be kept at About 60%. At this time, the small arch shed can be removed, and ventilation can be performed once every 2 to 3 days through the top window and the vents of the foundation to prevent the seedlings from being infected with germs in a high temperature and high humidity environment.

In order to prevent the cuttings from breeding bacteria, after the cuttings are finished, spray evenly on the seedbed with 800 times liquid carbendazim (N-methyl carbamate) or Bordeaux mixture (Cu(OH) ₂ precipitation + CaSO ₄ ), chlorothalonil, etc. First, fully disinfect and sterilize once, and then spray once every 7 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row. In case of continuous days of haze or heavy rain, it is necessary to respray once in time.

7. Management measures after cutting:

(1) Disinfection and sterilization:

Bacteria are easy to breed and multiply when young shoot cuttings are raised under full light and spray conditions. Due to the young tissue of the cuttings, plus the many wounds caused by the upper and lower incisions, leaf scars, and leaf pruning, the cuttings are prone to bacterial infection. Sometimes the base of individual cuttings will rot within 2 to 3 days after cutting, and it will spread rapidly if it is not controlled.

Control measures: After cutting, spray 800 times of carbendazim (N-methyl carbamate) or Bordeaux mixture (Cu(OH) ₂ precipitation + CaSO ₄ ), chlorothalonil, etc. Disinfect and sterilize once, and then spray once every 7 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row. In the case of consecutive days of cloudy weather or heavy rain, it is also necessary to respray once in time.

(2) Fertilization:

Nutrient solution spraying: After the cuttings are completed, spray ABT1 No. rooting agent + potassium indolebutyrate + brassinolide aqueous solution at a concentration of 50 mg kg ^-1 to the cuttings through a liquid fertilization tank, with a concentration of 100 mg kg ^{-1 1} Qiaogen (or Genbeiwang) + brassinolide aqueous solution, α-sodium naphthalene acetate at a concentration of 20 mg·kg ^-1 , spray once every 3 days, 1 type each time, and use alternately in cycles. It can stimulate cells to divide and elongate rapidly, take root and strengthen roots, shorten the time of rooting, and improve the survival rate of seedlings.

After a large amount of cuttings take root, spray the N, P, K compound fertilizer solution that is rich in chelated trace elements to the leaf surface, concentration is 50mg ^kg Uranium energy, etc.) or spray 1000-1500 times of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer + ferrous sulfate + brassinolide, spray once every 7 days, and stop spraying one month before seedling emergence. It can enhance the vitality of the root system, improve the photosynthesis of cuttings, improve the absorption capacity of the root system to soil nutrients, make the leaves dark green, thick and bright, and prevent and control various physiological diseases of seedlings.

Sprinkling of mixed fertilizer: about 20 days after planting, when the root system of the cutting seedlings turns from milky white to khaki and aged, add ammonium sulfate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ ), diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ ) , Potassium sulfate (K ₂ SO ₄ ) was formulated into a mixed fertilizer at a ratio of 1:1:1, and was evenly spread on the bed at an amount of 30kg/hm ² each time, and sprayed with water. Stop fertilizing after September.

(3) Remove weeds and fallen leaves:

About 20 days after the cutting, a variety of weeds will grow on the cutting bed and walkway, absorb light and water, and affect the rooting and growth of the cutting seedlings. The principle of "removing the early, removing the small, and eliminating" should be followed to root out the weeds in time. Grass should be removed as soon as it is seen in the future, until the seedlings grow tall and the seedbed is closed.

After the cuttings take root, the old leaves above the ground will gradually change from green to reddish-brown and yellow, and new branches and leaves will grow from the leaf axils, terminal buds or directly from the roots of the old leaves. fall off. The fallen leaves will block the light, reduce the temperature of the bed surface, rot and breed bacteria on the seedbed, and the fallen leaves need to be picked out in time.

(4) Pest control:

Diseases: mainly iron-deficiency chlorosis, commonly known as chlorosis, manifested as yellow-green or even yellow-white leaves and tender stems at the top, losing the ability to photosynthesize, affecting the survival rate of cuttings and the normal growth and development of plants.

Control method: Spray evenly on the front and back sides of the yellowed leaves and tender stems with a concentration of 30mg·kg ^-1 chelated ferrous sulfate (FeSO ₄ ) or 20mg·kg ^-1 iron or directly use To irrigate the roots. Spray once every 7 days until the leaves turn green.

Insect pests: Spiraea aphid control measures: When larvae clustered together on new shoots, buds or young leaves are found, remove the damaged stems and leaves; use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 times liquid; use a concentration of 2.5 The 2000 times liquid of the wettable powder for aphids is sprayed on the damaged plants in the morning or in the evening. When the pests occur in a large area, it needs to be sprayed 2 to 3 times.

Prevention and control measures of yellow thorn moth: when larvae are found on the back of the leaves, manually kill them; use 1500 times of abamectin with a concentration of 90%; spray 1500 times of phoxim EC with a concentration of 50% on the affected area On the leaves and plants, it needs to be sprayed 2 to 3 times during this period.

Brown-edged green moth, mulberry moth, flat moth and black velvet chafer are also occasionally found. The peak incidence is from mid-June to mid-August, and the control methods are the same as above.

8. Seedling survey:

调查显示30天时生根率为98％～99％，60天时成活率为96％～98％，起苗前保存率为95％～97％，结果表明：黑果腺肋花楸适宜在温室(大棚)高温高湿的环境下扦插繁殖，成活率比室外有显著提高。Survey on the survival rate of the year: Investigate the survival rate of seedlings 30 days, 60 days after cuttings and before seedlings, the purpose is to count and analyze the growth status and number of seedlings. The plots selected must be representative, and the survey area should not be less than 2% to 4% of the total lot area.

The survey shows that the rooting rate is 98% to 99% in 30 days, the survival rate in 60 days is 96% to 98%, and the preservation rate before seedling is 95% to 97%. ) Propagation by cuttings in high temperature and high humidity environment, the survival rate is significantly higher than outdoors.

Measurement of growth in the current year: Investigate the quality of seedlings before raising seedlings over winter, and measure seedling diameter, seedling height, main root length, lateral root number, lignification degree, diseases and insect pests, etc. A 1m ² quadrat was selected at an average interval of a certain distance, and 20 plants were randomly selected in the quadrat for measurement. The results show that the average ground diameter is 0.5cm-0.8cm, the height of seedlings is 38cm-45cm, the length of taproots is 35cm-48cm, and the number of taproots is 3-5, which is significantly different from the control. .

Biomass measurement in the current year: measure the biomass at the end of the growing season in late October, randomly select 10 plants for each treatment, harvest all dry weights of aboveground and underground parts, and dry them at 70°C to constant weight. The results showed that under the condition of peat soil, the overall dry weight of the plant was 11.65g-19.55g, the aboveground part was significantly larger than the underground part, and the biomass of a single plant was significantly higher than that of the control, indicating that Sorbus arvensis is suitable for growing in wet and fertile areas with low organic matter content. Grows in tall, soft-textured conditions.

9. Winter protection against cold:

Seedling emergence: From late October to early November, the leaves of the seedlings are complete, the sap stops flowing, and the plants enter the dormant period until the seedlings are raised before the soil is frozen. Spray water on the cutting bed surface 2 to 3 days before seedling emergence. When raising seedlings, start from one end of the bed, use a shovel to shovel the surface of the seedbed to avoid damaging the root system, and hold the roots of the seedlings with your hands and slowly pull them out from the matrix. Then classify seedlings according to seedling height, ground stem, main root length, number of lateral roots, plant diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage, and bundle 20 or 30 plants into a bundle. The grading standard should be in accordance with "DB21/T 2453-2015 Technical Regulations for Raising Seedlings of Sorbus adenocarpus Tender Branches".

False planting: Choose a well-drained place in the nursery ground or dig a 50cm deep false planting ditch in the cutting seedbed, the length and width of which depend on the number of seedlings. The roots of the seedlings were dipped in mud, and artificial planting was carried out in different areas. When artificially planting, place the seedlings at an angle of 45° into the ditch, place 1 row of seedlings and cover 1 layer of soil, use your feet firmly, cover the thickness of the soil to 2/3 of the height of the seedlings, and then pour water thoroughly, and cover the soil again in late November to The parts below the shoots are covered with about 30cm thick corn stalks.

10. Seedling technical files:

In the process of implementing cuttings, each step has detailed written records, which are recorded by special personnel and filled in on time to be accurate, so as to accumulate production and scientific research data, form archives, and provide scientific basis for improving the cutting technology level.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All such modifications and improvements should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for cultivating seedlings by cuttings and cuttings of Sorbus adenocarpus in greenhouses in greenhouses, comprising the following steps: 1. Cutting conditions: The specifications of the greenhouse are 50m-80m long, 10m-16m wide, 2m-2.5m high, arched or semi-arched, with roof windows and foot vents, raking the ground inside the shed, dividing areas, and building trails; Intelligent spraying, humidification, spraying, fertilization system, upside-down nozzle, spray width: 2.5m, suspension height > 1.5m, specification: 540mm×280mm×90mm, special PS tray for forest seedlings with 72 holes, sunshade net, thermometer , hygrometer, sticky insect board, automatic blower, there should be temperature and humidity control equipment in the shed, and supplementary light lighting equipment. The temperature in the shed is between 25°C and 30°C, the relative humidity is about 90%, and the light transmittance is About 50%, fineness ≥ 20 mesh peat soil 85% + decomposed donkey and horse manure 10% + perlite 5% mixed matrix; 2. Preparation before insertion: 3 days to 5 days before the cutting, use a sprayer to evenly spray the potassium permanganate aqueous solution with a concentration of 5 mg·kg ^-1 or 800 times the soil fungus into the peat soil, and then cover it with plastic cloth for sterilizing 1 day before the cutting, spray potassium permanganate aqueous solution with a concentration of 3 mg·kg ^-1 on the plug trays, scissors, and basin tools for instrument disinfection. Set up bamboo rafts in the shed. ~50cm wide walkway; put the plugs filled with substrate on bamboo rafts, arrange them into furrows, then spray, and cut when the moisture of the substrate is close to saturation; 3. Selection of cuttings: Choose a middle-aged and strong-aged mother tree with strong growth, strong vitality, and no pests and diseases. Cut off the buds that grow from the root and the new branches on the crown of the tree, and remove the flower buds; 4. Production of spike material: Cut the new young stems at the top of the branches as cuttings, the length is 6cm to 8cm, keep 2 leaves, the length of the leaves does not exceed 5cm, and cut at 45° at 1cm to 1.5cm below the leaf axils or buds, and the cut is smooth. The roots of the cuttings are immersed in the rooting agent aqueous solution with a concentration of 500mg·kg ^-1 at a medium speed, the time is 3s~5s, and the depth of dipping is 1cm~2cm; during the process of making cuttings, the sun's rays should not directly shine on the base of the prepared cuttings ; 5. Cutting method: Choose early morning or evening when the temperature in the shed is relatively low for cutting operations; before cutting, spray the seedbed with the automatic control system to keep the relative humidity in the shed between 90% and 95%; the size is 540mm×280mm×90mm Insert 1 plant in each hole on the 72-hole special PS tray for tree seedling cultivation, with a depth of 1cm to 1.5cm; set the spray frequency according to the temperature in the shed during the cutting process, so that there are always water droplets attached to the cutting leaves but do not gather or fall; The strips collected on the same day must be cut on the same day; after the cutting is completed, set up a small shed with a white transparent plastic film to cover the seedbed; The seedbed after cutting should be immediately set up with a small shed to cover the seedbed. The shed is 50cm high and 1.5m wide, covered with a white plastic film with good light transmittance, and the nozzle is placed in the small shed to facilitate spraying operations; 6. Seedling shed management: 14h~16h of sunshine hours should be guaranteed in the shed every day. In case of continuous rainy or foggy weather for many days, when the light in the shed is insufficient, use LED growth lights to supplement the light, increase the light intensity or adjust the photoperiod to increase the number of seedlings photosynthesis time; install sunshade nets when the sun is strong at noon, and put them away in the morning, evening or cloudy days; Before the cuttings take root, the light transmittance in the shed should be kept between 50% and 70%; the temperature should be kept between 25°C and 28°C, and the relative humidity should be about 95%. for the degree; After the seedlings take root, it is necessary to put away the sunshade net to increase the light intensity, prolong the sunshine hours, and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the seedlings. The temperature in the shed is kept between 28°C and 32°C, and the relative humidity is kept at about 60%. Remove it at this time. For small sheds, ventilate once every 2 to 3 days through top windows and foot vents to prevent seedlings from being infected with germs in high-temperature and high-humidity environments; In order to prevent the cuttings from breeding germs, after the cuttings are finished, spray evenly on the seedbed with 800 times liquid carbendazim or Bordeaux solution, and chlorothalonil, fully disinfect and sterilize once, and then spray once every 7 days for 2 consecutive days. times to 3 times; in case of continuous days of haze or heavy rain, it is necessary to respray once in time; 7. Management measures after cutting: (1) Fertilization: Nutrient solution spraying: After the cuttings are completed, spray ABT1 No. rooting agent + potassium indolebutyrate + brassinolide aqueous solution with a concentration of 50 mg·kg ^-1 to the cuttings through a liquid fertilization tank, with a concentration of 100 mg·kg ^{- 1} Qiaogen or Genbeiwang + brassinolide aqueous solution, α-sodium naphthalene acetate at a concentration of 20mg kg ^-1 , sprayed once every 3 days, one type each time, alternately used in cycles; After a large number of cuttings take root, spray the N, P, K compound fertilizer solution rich in chelated trace elements on the leaves, the concentration is 50 mg·kg ^-1 , or spray 1000-1500 times the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer + sulfurous acid Iron + brassinolide, spray once every 7 days, and stop spraying one month before seedling emergence; Mixed fertilizer application: About 20 days after planting, when the root system of cutting seedlings turns from milky white to khaki and aged, mix ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and potassium sulfate in a ratio of 1:1:1 to make a mixed fertilizer. Sprinkle it evenly on the bed with the amount of 30kg/ ^hm2 , spray water; stop fertilizing after September; (2) Remove weeds and fallen leaves: About 20 days after the cutting, a variety of weeds will grow on the cutting bed and walkway, absorb light and water, and affect the rooting and growth of the cutting seedlings. The principle of "removing the early, removing the small, and eliminating" should be followed to root out the weeds in time. Grass until the seedlings grow tall and the seedbed is closed; (3) Pest control: Control method: Spray evenly on both sides of yellowed leaves and tender stems with ferrous sulfate in a chelated state at a concentration of 30 mg·kg ^-1 ; spray once every 7 days until the leaves turn green; Insect pests: Spiraea aphid control measures: When clustered larvae are found on new shoots, buds or leaves, remove the damaged stems and leaves; use 2.5% 2000 times of wettable powder for spirea aphids in the morning or Spray on the damaged plants in the evening; when the pests occur in a large area, it needs to be sprayed 2 to 3 times; Prevention and control measures of yellow thorn moth: when larvae are found on the back of the leaves, kill them manually; spray 1500 times of phoxim EC with a concentration of 50% on the damaged leaves and plants in the evening, and spray 2 times during this period~ 3 times; 8. Winter protection against cold: Seedling raising: From late October to early November, the leaves of the seedlings are completely fallen, the sap stops flowing, and the plants enter the dormant period until the seedlings are raised before the soil is frozen; 2 to 3 days before the seedlings are raised, spray water on the cutting bed surface; Start from the beginning, use a shovel to shovel the surface of the seedbed to avoid damaging the root system, and slowly pull out the roots of the seedlings from the substrate with your hands; then proceed according to the height of the seedlings, stems, length of main roots, number of lateral roots, pests and diseases, and mechanical damage. Seedlings are graded, 20 or 30 plants are bundled into one bundle; the classification standard should comply with "DB21/T 2453-2015 Technical Regulations for Raising Seedlings of Sorbus adenocarba Tender Branch Cuttings"; False planting: Choose a well-drained place in the nursery ground or dig a 50cm deep false planting ditch in the cutting seedbed, the length and width of which depend on the number of seedlings. The roots of the seedlings are dipped in mud, and artificial planting is carried out in different areas; when artificial planting, the seedlings are placed in the ditch at an angle of 45 ^° , and one row of seedlings is covered with a layer of soil, and the thickness of the covering soil reaches 2/3 of the seedling height. , and then flooded with water, and then covered with soil to the part below the shoots in late November, and then covered with corn stalks about 30cm thick.

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