CN102845213A - Sweet potato seedling raising method - Google Patents
Sweet potato seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102845213A CN102845213A CN2012103761429A CN201210376142A CN102845213A CN 102845213 A CN102845213 A CN 102845213A CN 2012103761429 A CN2012103761429 A CN 2012103761429A CN 201210376142 A CN201210376142 A CN 201210376142A CN 102845213 A CN102845213 A CN 102845213A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling raising and particularly relates to a sweet potato seedling raising method, which mainly comprises the following stages of: 1) accelerating germination, wherein the stage of accelerating germination comprises the steps of preparing an electric heating high-temperature germination accelerating bed, selecting seed potatoes, treating the seed potatoes by using chemical, preventing and controlling black spots and accelerating the germination of the seed potatoes on the germination bed through bud exposure; and 2) sprouting on a heat seedling bed, wherein the stage of sprouting on the heat seedling bed comprises the steps of preparing a heat matter hotbed, arranging the seed potatoes and conducting seedling bed management for raising seedlings. The sweet potato seedling raising method provided by the invention has the advantages that the emerged seedlings are many, the quality of the seedlings is good, the disease prevention effect is good, the labor intensity of management personnel can be reduced, the seedling emergence rate of the seed potatoes is improved, the energy is saved, the efficiency is high and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seedling growing process field, be specifically related to a kind of sweet potato seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Sweet potato root tuber has very strong germination characteristic, when sweet potato germinates, indefinite bud is sprouted out from the former base of indefinite bud, the former base of indefinite bud originates from the parenchyma cell of piece root pericycle or phloem, just is differentiated to form in the potato piece expands process, and quantity is a lot, be latence, the former basic major part of bud can not be differentiated to form bud, and under general rearing condition condition, the number that sprouts accounts for the 20%-30% of the former base sum of bud.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of many, Miao Zhihao of emerging, protection effect is good, can alleviate administrative staff's labour intensity, improves the output of seedling of potato seed, a kind of sweet potato seedling-cultivating method of efficient energy-saving.
A kind of sweet potato seedling-cultivating method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1), the vernalization stage:
(1) the electrothermal high-temperature germination bed is prepared: the high temperature germination bed is selected in greenhouse or warm canopy and is carried out, and selects 1000 watts or 1200 watts of heating wires, 100 meters of line lengths, the long 5cm in seedbed, wide 1.5cm, degree of depth 10cm; Bed is low fills out the broken grass of 5cm for making thermosphere or heat-insulation layer, the thin bed soil of the sieve of rear shop 3cm ~ 4cm, tread smooth, the battens of, length wide with two seedbeds; Nail 1 wooden peg in 7 centimetres at every interval is placed on the batten that makes the two ends in seedbed at last, heating wire is come and gone around wooden peg twine; Plugged checks whether heating wire works after spreading line, and qualified rear earthing is pushed down the ground hot line, external temperature controller, and cover bed soil 6 ~ 8cm and leveling, energising is heated to 30 ℃;
(2) selected potato seed
Select the potato piece of 160 ~ 320g as potato seed;
(3) chemicals treatment potato seed prevents and treats black spot
Soaked seed 10 minutes with 400 times of seed soaking of 50% carbendazim 10 minutes or 500 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl before the potato seed vernalization;
(4) germination bed " snuff " vernalization
When making bed temperature be stabilized in 30 ℃ after the energising, the potato seed of sieving and grading is divided in the mesh bag, neat is stacked on the electric heating germination bed, stacking highly is 80 ~ 100cm, then drenches the potato layer with warm water, and whole concentrated snuff stage humidity remains between 83 ~ 85%, cover with insulation material, outermost is built with Polypropylence Sheet and is obturaged, and keeps bed temperature at 36 ~ 37 ℃, after 3 ~ 4 days, behind the above potato seed snuff of 80%-90%, progressively cooling remains to 30 ~ 33 ℃ with temperature, after 8 ~ 10 days, when treating the long 5mm of potato seed bud, bed temperature is down to 23 ~ 25 ℃, practiced bud 2 ~ 3 days, minute bed row potato;
2) making hot seedling bed sprouts the stage
(1) preparation of ferment material hotbed
In green house, dig the bed hole by the standard of the hot hotbed of common wine, complete ferment material, elder generation is at the wheat bran of bottom place mat 4 ~ 5cm, the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc. or weeds, then fill out the bright mule and horse excrement of people, chicken manure or sheep excrement, or add 1 part of waterlogged weeds with 3 parts of bright mule and horse excrement, stalk, the uniform mixings such as leaf are inserted in the hole, whenever fill out one deck, sprinkle once rare night soil, the steady and sure thickness of ferment material is 16cm, the thick bed soil of 3cm on the pad, repave the thick fine sand of 2cm, cover film daytime, temperature is remained on more than 10 degrees centigrade, when the ferment material temperature is raised to 25 degrees centigrade, open film the noon of choosing fine day, bed surface is treaded, leveling is at the fine earth of ferment material loam cake 1.5 ~ 2 cm thicks, in order to row's potato;
(2) seeding
Oblique weaving method is adopted in seeding, and potato is arranged according to upper flat lower injustice up in the potato seed top, and the potato head is pressed potato tail 1/3, and every square metre of seedbed seeding 20 ~ 30kg sequences water infiltration seedbed after the potato seed, covers the thick Nutrition Soil of 3cm, keeps bed surface moistening, bulk;
(3) seedbed management
Seedling bed temperature is controlled at 28 ~ 33 ℃ when just arranging potato, temperature after emerging is controlled at 25 ~ 28 ℃, before collecting seedling 5 ~ 6 days, when dropping to 18 ~ 20 ℃, bed temperature carries out hardening, seedling when soil arch water 1 time permeable, the 2nd day water that respectively waters 1 time after collecting seedling front 5 ~ 6 days and collecting seedling, as height of seedling 20 ~ 30cm, seedling age was collected seedling after 30 days.
It is to utilize heating wire to supply with heat that sweet potato high temperature of the present invention " snuff " vernalization adds the hot seedling bed technology of sprouting of wine, under specific temperature, damp condition, the former base of bud of a large amount of latences in potato piece surface is activated, be differentiated to form bud, treat that bud is long during to 5mm, and then potato kind a kind of energy-conservation, the efficient seedling-cultivating method that seeding is grown seedlings on the hot seedling bed of wine that will " snuff ".First protruding pimple before eye is sprouted behind the mouth that splits, just occurs spending in vain velvet-like, namely is called " snuff ", sprouts immediately and emerges.Potato kind seeding on the hot seedling bed of wine with " snuff " sprouts again, provides sufficient origin of heat for later stage constant temperature sprouts.Effectively solved the mashed bed of a sweet potato problem, can also early grow seedlings, educated sufficient seedling, educated strong sprout, early planted in good time, to sweet potato year after year high yield played important function.With other seedling methods the advantage of following several respects is arranged relatively:
(1) emerge many, neat, Miao Zhihao.Fiery pit seedling method, ferment material seedling method temperature are not easy control, and excess Temperature easily burns seedling, excessively hang down not reach expected effect, tend to cause first planting seedling uneven, irregular, and quantity is few, affects the cultivation phase.The ferment material seedling method is to improve bed temperature with heat and solar thermal energy that a large amount of cellulosic ferment materials send.Advantage is to do that bed is simple, cost is low, also can be used as fertilizer with the ferment material of crossing, and saving of labor, the morning of emerging, sturdy, shoot survival percent is high; Shortcoming is to emerge lessly, and disease is heavier.Ferment material seedling method, fiery pit seedling method, heating wire seedling method in the high temperature vernalization stage in early stage, are taked some insulations or the measure of heating, because temperature is wayward.Cause bed temperature to be heated inequality and to cause local temperature too high at more than 38 ℃ or each position, seedbed for a long time, the mashed bed of thermal burn all easily occurs.
And " concentrating snuff " Pregermination and seedling breeding, by the heating wire temperature controller temperature in strict control high temperature vernalization stage, not only output of seedling is many, and be not easy occur to burn the seedling phenomenon, the potato piece need a large amount of oxygen, and fiery pit seedling method and ferment material seedling method adopts direct seeding method in concentrated " snuff " vernalization process, oxygen is supplied with limited, has limited the respiratory intensity of potato seed.Always spore induction and differentiation.Limited the quantity of bud.Therefore " snuff " germination hastening method more is conducive to the growth of bud, not only emerges neat, and evenly, growing way is strong, and first planting bud quantity obviously increases Miao Zhihao.Studies show that, " snuff " germination hastening method first planting seedling quantity increases more than 30 one 60% than the seedbed quantity of direct seeding, plants rear survival rate high.
(2) protection effect is good.Concentrate " snuff " vernalization stage, temperature is controlled at 36-38 ℃ (4-5 days), and not only the potato seed snuff of sprouting is fast, and the control of sweet potato " two diseases " (black spot and soft rot) is also had good result.Because sweet potato " two diseases " is non-refractory all, high temperature can promote the wound healing of potato piece, also can produce sweet potato ketone and suppress the breeding of black spot and spread, and protection effect is up to more than 90%; The soft rot spore is very weak to the high temperature resistance, and 36-38 ℃ of high temperature namely all killed through ten minutes.Even the potato seed of rotting in " snuff " vernalization process is arranged, in the screening of row's potato, just can reject away.Therefore, it is substantially disease-free that " concentrate snuff " grows seedlings, and do not fall seedling after the cultivation, and seedling is complete, Miao Wang, and fertility is good.And ferment material seedling method, fiery pit seedling method, heating wire seedling method all are directly to arrange potato to go to bed, and for the germ of some potato seeds with black spot, soft rot and stem eelworm disease, potato seed is subjected to freeze injury, damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, heat evil or wound is arranged, and all can cause mashed bed.
(3) can alleviate administrative staff's labour intensity.What adopt is the temperature that temperature controller is controlled germination bed " to concentrate snuff ", saving of work and time, and fiery pit seedling method, and the ferment material seedling method often needs evening takes Insulation, and labour intensity is large, takes a lot of trouble to trouble.
(4) improve greatly the output of seedling of potato seed, efficient energy-saving.And " concentrating snuff " grows seedlings, by the heating wire temperature controller temperature in strict control high temperature vernalization stage, under specific temperature, damp condition, the former base of bud of a large amount of latences in potato piece surface is activated, be differentiated to form bud, show according to the study, high temperature " snuff " Pregermination and seedling breeding method increases 30-45% than ferment material seedling method first planting seedling quantity, increase about 30% than fiery pit seedling method, increase by 15% than the in line method seedling growing process of heating wire.Save potato seed approximately more than 25% than above three kinds of seedling methods.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1), the vernalization stage:
(1) the electrothermal high-temperature germination bed is prepared: the high temperature germination bed is selected in the greenhouse and is carried out, and selects 1000 watts of heating wires, 100 meters of line lengths, the long 5cm in seedbed, wide 1.5cm, degree of depth 10cm; Bed is low fills out the broken grass of 5cm for making thermosphere or heat-insulation layer, the thin bed soil of the sieve of rear shop 3cm, tread smooth, the battens of, length wide with two seedbeds; Nail 1 wooden peg in 7 centimetres at every interval is placed on the batten that makes the two ends in seedbed at last, heating wire is come and gone around wooden peg twine; Plugged checks whether heating wire works after spreading line, and qualified rear earthing is pushed down the ground hot line, external temperature controller, and cover the native 6cm of bed and leveling, energising is heated to 30 ℃;
(2) selected potato seed
Choosing has this kind feature, anosis freeze injury, vitality are strong without hindering, not being subjected to, the potato piece of potato skin color 160g is as potato seed;
(3) chemicals treatment potato seed prevents and treats black spot
Soaked seed 10 minutes with 400 times of 50% carbendazim before the potato seed vernalization;
(4) germination bed " snuff " vernalization
When making bed temperature be stabilized in 30 ℃ after the energising, the potato seed of selecting classification is divided in the mesh bag, neat is stacked on the electric heating germination bed, stacking highly is 80cm, then drenches the potato layer with warm water, and whole concentrated snuff stage humidity remains between 83%, cover with insulation material, keep bed temperature at 36 ℃,, then build with Polypropylence Sheet and obturage, behind 3 days potato seed snuffs, keep 30 ℃ of temperature, should supply moisture to germination bed every day according to moisture meter, after 8 days, when treating the long 5mm of 90% potato seed bud, bed temperature is down to 23 ℃, practiced bud 2 days, minute bed row potato;
2) making hot seedling bed sprouts the stage
(1) preparation of ferment material hotbed
In green house, dig the bed hole by the standard of the hot hotbed of common wine, complete ferment material, elder generation is at the wheat bran of bottom place mat 4cm, the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc. or weeds are in order to isolated heat radiation, then fill out the bright mule and horse excrement of people, chicken manure (not generating heat), this ferment material fermentation is fast, and temperature is high, and the steady and sure thickness of ferment material is 16cm, the thick bed soil of 3cm on the pad, repave the thick fine sand of 2cm, ferment material is filled out people's initial stage, keep loose, do not step on and do not press, cover film daytime, temperature is remained on more than 10 degrees centigrade, when the ferment material temperature is raised to 25 degrees centigrade, open film the noon of choosing fine day, bed surface is treaded, leveling is at the fine earth of ferment material loam cake 1.5 ~ 2 cm thicks, in order to row's potato;
(2) seeding
Oblique weaving method is adopted in seeding, and potato is arranged according to upper flat lower injustice up in the potato seed top, and the potato head is pressed potato tail 1/3, and every square metre of seedbed seeding 20kg sequences water infiltration seedbed after the potato seed, covers the thick Nutrition Soil of 3cm, keeps bed surface moistening, bulk; Put thermometer in the seedbed interposition in row's potato process, thermometer should be inserted in potato piece bottom, and slightly low dip is convenient to observe temperature;
(3) seedbed management
Seedling bed temperature is controlled at 28 ℃ when just arranging potato, when evening, temperature was low, need take plastic film to cover the seedbed, the temperature after emerging is controlled at 25 ℃, before collecting seedling 5 ~ 6 days, when dropping to 18 ℃, bed temperature carries out hardening, emerge and do not water as last, water during seedling arch soil 1 time permeable, the 2nd day water that respectively waters 1 time after collecting seedling front 5 days and collecting seedling, as height of seedling 20cm, seedling age was collected seedling after 30 days.
Embodiment 2
1), the vernalization stage:
(1) the electrothermal high-temperature germination bed is prepared: the high temperature germination bed is selected in greenhouse or warm canopy and is carried out, and selects 1200 watts of heating wires, 100 meters of line lengths, the long 5cm in seedbed, wide 1.5cm, degree of depth 10cm; Bed is low fills out the broken grass of 5cm for making thermosphere or heat-insulation layer, the thin bed soil of the sieve of rear shop 4cm, tread smooth, the battens of, length wide with two seedbeds; Nail 1 wooden peg in 7 centimetres at every interval is placed on the batten that makes the two ends in seedbed at last, heating wire is come and gone around wooden peg twine; Plugged checks whether heating wire works after spreading line, and qualified rear earthing is pushed down the ground hot line, external temperature controller, and cover the native 8cm of bed and leveling, energising is heated to 30 ℃;
(2) selected potato seed
Choosing has this kind feature, anosis freeze injury, vitality are strong without hindering, not being subjected to, the potato piece of potato skin color 320g is as potato seed;
(3) chemicals treatment potato seed prevents and treats black spot
Soaked seed 10 minutes with 500 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl before the potato seed vernalization;
(4) germination bed " snuff " vernalization
When making bed temperature be stabilized in 30 ℃ after the energising, the potato seed of selecting classification is divided in the mesh bag, neat is stacked on the electric heating germination bed, stacking highly is 100cm, then drench the potato layer with warm water, whole concentrated snuff stage humidity remains between 85%, covers with insulation material, keep bed temperature at 37 ℃, then build with Polypropylence Sheet and obturage, behind 4 days potato seed snuffs, keep 33 ℃ of temperature, should supply moisture to germination bed every day according to moisture meter, after 10 days, when treating the long 5mm of 90% potato seed bud, bed temperature is down to 25 ℃, practiced bud 3 days, minute bed row potato;
2) making hot seedling bed sprouts the stage
(1) preparation of ferment material hotbed
In green house, dig the bed hole by the standard of the hot hotbed of common wine, complete ferment material, elder generation is at the wheat bran of bottom place mat 5cm, the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc. or weeds are in order to isolated heat radiation, then fill out the bright mule and horse excrement of people, sheep excrement (not generating heat), this ferment material fermentation is fast, and temperature is high, and the steady and sure thickness of ferment material is 16cm, the thick bed soil of 3cm on the pad, repave the thick fine sand of 2cm, ferment material is filled out people's initial stage, keep loose, do not step on and do not press, cover film daytime, temperature is remained on more than 10 degrees centigrade, when the ferment material temperature is raised to 25 degrees centigrade, open film the noon of choosing fine day, bed surface is treaded, leveling is at the fine earth of ferment material loam cake 1.5 ~ 2 cm thicks, in order to row's potato;
(2) seeding
Oblique weaving method is adopted in seeding, and potato is arranged according to upper flat lower injustice up in the potato seed top, and the potato head is pressed potato tail 1/3, and every square metre of seedbed seeding 30kg sequences water infiltration seedbed after the potato seed, covers the thick Nutrition Soil of 3cm, keeps bed surface moistening, bulk; Put thermometer in the seedbed interposition in row's potato process, thermometer should be inserted in potato piece bottom, and slightly low dip is convenient to observe temperature;
(3) seedbed management
Seedling bed temperature is controlled at 33 ℃ when just arranging potato, when evening, temperature was low, need take plastic film to cover the seedbed, the temperature after emerging is controlled at 28 ℃, before collecting seedling 6 days, when dropping to 20 ℃, bed temperature carries out hardening, emerge and do not water as last, water during seedling arch soil 1 time permeable, the 2nd day water that respectively waters 1 time after collecting seedling front 6 days and collecting seedling, as height of seedling 30cm, seedling age was collected seedling after 30 days.
Claims (1)
1. sweet potato seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
1), the vernalization stage:
(1) the electrothermal high-temperature germination bed is prepared: the high temperature germination bed is selected in greenhouse or warm canopy and is carried out, and selects 1000 watts or 1200 watts of heating wires, 100 meters of line lengths, the long 5cm in seedbed, wide 1.5cm, degree of depth 10cm; Bed is low fills out the broken grass of 5cm for making thermosphere or heat-insulation layer, the thin bed soil of the sieve of rear shop 3cm ~ 4cm, tread smooth, the battens of, length wide with two seedbeds; Nail 1 wooden peg in 7 centimetres at every interval is placed on the batten that makes the two ends in seedbed at last, heating wire is come and gone around wooden peg twine; Plugged checks whether heating wire works after spreading line, and qualified rear earthing is pushed down the ground hot line, external temperature controller, and cover the native 6cm ~ 8cm of bed and leveling, energising is heated to 30 ℃;
(2) selected potato seed
Select the potato piece of 160 ~ 320g as potato seed;
(3) chemicals treatment potato seed prevents and treats black spot
Soaked seed 10 minutes with 400 times of seed soaking of 50% carbendazim 10 minutes or 500 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl before the potato seed vernalization;
(4) germination bed " snuff " vernalization
When making bed temperature be stabilized in 30 ℃ after the energising, the potato seed of sieving and grading is divided in the mesh bag, neat is stacked on the electric heating germination bed, stacking highly is 80 ~ 100cm, then with the warm water potato layer of drenching, whole concentrated snuff stage humidity remains between 83 ~ 85%, covers with insulation material, and outermost is built with Polypropylence Sheet and obturaged, keep bed temperature at 36 ~ 37 ℃, after the above potato seed of 80%-90% " snuff ", the temperature temperature is remained to 30 ~ 33 ℃, after 8 ~ 10 days, when treating the long 5mm of potato seed bud, bed temperature is down to 23 ~ 25 ℃, practiced bud 2 ~ 3 days, minute bed row potato;
2) making hot seedling bed sprouts the stage
(1) preparation of ferment material hotbed
In green house, dig the bed hole by the standard of the hot hotbed of common wine, complete ferment material, elder generation is at the wheat bran of bottom place mat 4 ~ 5cm, the wheat stalks of rice, wheat, etc. or weeds, then fill out the bright mule and horse excrement of people, chicken manure or sheep excrement, or add 1 part of waterlogged weeds with 3 parts of bright mule and horse excrement, stalk, the uniform mixings such as leaf are inserted in the hole, whenever fill out one deck, sprinkle once rare night soil, the steady and sure thickness of ferment material is 16cm, the thick bed soil of 3cm on the pad, repave the thick fine sand of 2cm, cover film daytime, temperature is remained on more than 10 degrees centigrade, when the ferment material temperature is raised to 25 degrees centigrade, open film the noon of choosing fine day, bed surface is treaded, leveling is at the fine earth of ferment material loam cake 1.5 ~ 2 cm thicks, in order to row's potato;
(2) seeding
Oblique weaving method is adopted in seeding, and potato is arranged according to upper flat lower injustice up in the potato seed top, and the potato head is pressed potato tail 1/3, and every square metre of seedbed seeding 20 ~ 30kg sequences water infiltration seedbed after the potato seed, covers the thick Nutrition Soil of 3cm, keeps bed surface moistening, bulk;
(3) seedbed management
Seedling bed temperature is controlled at 28 ~ 33 ℃ when just arranging potato, temperature after emerging is controlled at 25 ~ 28 ℃, before collecting seedling 5 ~ 6 days, when dropping to 18 ~ 20 ℃, bed temperature carries out hardening, seedling when soil arch water 1 time permeable, the 2nd day water that respectively waters 1 time after collecting seedling front 5 ~ 6 days and collecting seedling, as height of seedling 20 ~ 30cm, seedling age was collected seedling after 30 days.
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