CN110972860A - Sweet potato seedling raising method with high survival rate - Google Patents
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Abstract
A sweet potato seedling growing method with high survival rate comprises the following specific steps: selecting a seedbed; (II) seed selection and potato elimination; (III) seedbed management; (IV) collecting seedlings; according to the seed potato seeding and germination accelerating method, the germination rate and the uniformity of the sweet potatoes are effectively improved through reasonable seed potato treatment and seedbed arrangement, the seed potatoes are subjected to coating pretreatment for one day before seed sowing, on one hand, the germination accelerating activity is improved, on the other hand, the later-stage germination growth is facilitated, the sterilization and heat preservation performance is good, the seed sowing and germination accelerating period is obviously shortened, the germination rate is high, and the germination is fast; the bud seedlings are healthy and strong, and the survival rate after transplanting is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato cultivation, in particular to a sweet potato seedling method with high survival rate.
Background
Sweet potatoes, also called sweet potatoes and potatoes, are perennial vining herbaceous plants, have high yield, strong drought resistance, rich nutrition, rich dietary fibers, carotene, vitamins and various trace elements, are known as the king of anticancer, have huge economic value, can be used for processing vermicelli, sheet jelly, maltose, extracting citric acid, converting ethanol and the like in processing plants, have great significance for improving the life of people and developing commodity economy, have the key of high yield of the sweet potatoes, namely good seedling cultivation, can lay a foundation for high yield and harvest only when strong seedling early cultivation is achieved, the sweet potatoes have the standard that the seedlings are about 30 days old, have dark green leaves, thick leaves, flush top three leaves, short stems, tough stems, difficult breakage of the stems, large and thick pulp with cut, 20-23 cm high seedlings, 5cm thick stems, 500-750 g of hundred seedlings, have no harm of diseases and insects, and have the characteristics of the quality, however, the traditional sweet potato seedling method is to plant and cultivate potato vines in spring by storing sweet potatoes harvested in autumn, and then cut the potato vines into vine sections for cutting and breeding into sweet potato seedlings. However, the method is labor-consuming, time-consuming and potato-planting-consuming, the storage technology in winter is not easy to master, the propagation in the next year is influenced, and the cultivation of strong seedlings with high survival rate and high quality is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sweet potato seedling raising method with high survival rate to solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sweet potato seedling growing method with high survival rate comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a seedbed:
(1) and (3) constructing a seedbed: selecting a plot which is leeward and sunny, flat in terrain, good in drainage, low in underground water level, and has no sweet potatoes planted for at least 2 years and has a sweet potato seedbed as the seedbed, wherein the east-west trend of the seedbed is 1.2-1.5 m wide and 40-50 cm deep, the length of the seedbed is determined according to the transplanting area, the south side of the bed bottom is deep, the middle is shallow, and the north side is slightly deep, so that an inverted groove shape with a high middle and a low periphery is formed;
(2) filling a thermal product: uniformly mixing 1 part of straw and 1 part of manure with the non-mildewed straws and the unfermented cattle, horse and sheep manure, thoroughly pouring warm water, keeping the water content of the brewed hot material at 60-80%, covering a film, tightly sealing the periphery with mud, heating the bed in sunny days, covering a straw mat in cold days for heat preservation, treading to 20-30 cm when the temperature of the brewed hot material rises to 35 ℃, filling 8cm of bed soil, and discharging potato seeds;
(II) seed selection and potato elimination:
(1) selecting seed potatoes: different sweet potato varieties are selected according to different purposes, and after the varieties are determined, potato blocks which have the characteristics of the product, are disease-free, injury-free and free from cold damage and wet damage are selected as seed potatoes. The seeds can not be planted when the potato blocks are soft, the potato peels are concave, the potato blocks have scabs and are not bright, and the sections have no juice or have black ribs or chaff;
(2) seed potato treatment: the seed potatoes are placed in rice bran to be buried 1 day before seeding is needed, and after the seed potatoes are taken out and before the seed potatoes are seeded, in order to prevent the potato blocks from carrying bacteria, the seed potatoes are treated by adopting 0.5kg of 40 percent carbendazim suspending agent, adding 200-400 kg of water and soaking the seed potatoes for 10 min;
(3) potato discharging: the potato is preferably discharged in spring 30-35 days before the potato is planted, the bed temperature is raised to 30 ℃ before and after the potato is killed, the potato is discharged in windless sunny days, large potato blocks are arranged in the middle of a seedbed near a fire path during the potato discharge, small potato blocks are arranged around the seedbed, the density of the discharged potato is generally 18-27 kg/m2, the side with bright skin color faces upwards, the side with dark color faces downwards, more seedlings can emerge, warm water at about 30 ℃ is poured after the potato discharge, the ratio of water to seed potato is 1: 1-1.5, and finally soil is covered for 1.5-2 cm;
(III) seedbed management:
(1) seeding to seedling emergence: the seed potatoes are cracked, topped with soil and leveled within 10 days from the seed sowing, the bed temperature is kept at 32-35 ℃ for the first 4 days, the bed temperature is kept at about 31-33 ℃ for the second 6 days, and the lowest temperature can not be lower than 28 ℃;
(2) and (3) a seedling growing stage: after 12-15 days of seedling alignment, the height of the seedlings is about 15cm, the temperature suitable for the growth of the potato seedlings is 27-30, the bed temperature cannot be higher than 32 ℃ nor lower than 25 ℃;
(3) and (3) seedling hardening stage: when the seedlings grow to 20cm, cutting 3-5 days before the seedlings are cut, and gradually uncovering the film to harden the seedlings at a suitable bed temperature of 20-25 ℃ to make the temperature of the seedling bed close to the atmospheric temperature so as to be beneficial to being planted and survived;
(4) watering: generally, the seed potatoes are not watered before sprouting and soil covering, if the seedbed is dry, small water can be watered once, and big water can not be irrigated in a flood way, so that the seedling growth is prevented from being influenced by wilting and withering of the bud tips. Properly increasing watering amount along with the growth of potato seedlings, keeping the relative humidity of seedbed soil at 70% -80%, and stopping watering 3-5 days before picking and transplanting seedlings;
(5) fertilizing: after the seedlings are aligned, 1 time of shearing and picking the seedlings is combined with watering and topdressing once, and urea is applied when no dew is exposed on the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the thickness of the urea is 10m2Generally not more than 0.25kg, watering immediately after top dressing, and rapidly exerting fertilizer effect.
(IV) seedling collection:
(1) and (3) seedling picking management: when the seedlings grow to 16-20 cm, timely picking the seedlings, otherwise, the potato seedlings are crowded, so that the lower seedlings grow badly, the seedling emergence amount of the next stubble is influenced, a high-shear seedling picking method can be used for picking the seedlings, 1-2 sections of the stubbles are left for facilitating regeneration, and the potato seedlings can be directly pulled out if the potato seedlings are too dense, but the potato seedlings are not taken out;
(2) managing after seedling picking: watering is not needed on the day of seedling collection, watering is combined with top dressing on the 2 nd day, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer urea is mainly used, generallyThe fertilizing amount is 150kg/hm2The seedlings can be broadcast or watered, but the seedlings are strictly prevented from being burnt;
during seed selection, different sweet potato varieties are selected according to different purposes: the high starch seed potato with starch content over 25% is selected from Xushu 22, Yushu 13 and Yushuwang; yushu No. 10, a vegetable type variety is preferably selected mainly for fresh eating; the Gansu No. 10 Gansu potato and Xushu 34 are preferably selected for baking, and the variety has high sugar content; the selected commercial potato 19 which can be processed and eaten simultaneously has high sprouting rate of the commercial potato 19, and is very suitable for commercial seedling raising.
The size of the seed potatoes selected during potato discharging is 0.15-0.2 kg, the seeds are properly sorted, the head and the tail are not required to be sorted clearly during seed discharging, the seeds are separated in size and are horizontally placed and thinly discharged, the seed potatoes are kept to be level up and uneven down, and the thickness of the covering soil is uniform.
In the seedbed management process, when a commercially available thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the seedbed, the thermometer is not suitable to be inserted too deep or too shallow on the seedbed, and the lower end of the thermometer is preferably level to the bottom surface of the seed potato; covering the seedbed with a film, and measuring the temperature of the stem tip layer of the seedlings in the film by paying attention to prevent the potato seedlings from being burnt by overhigh temperature.
In the vegetable seedling post-management, after seedling collection, the seedling is promoted mainly, the temperature of a seedbed is increased to 32-35 ℃ so as to be beneficial to the growth of sweet potato seedlings, and after 3d, the seedling hardening stage is carried out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the seed potato seeding and germination accelerating method, the germination rate and the uniformity of the sweet potatoes are effectively improved through reasonable seed potato treatment and seedbed arrangement, the seed potatoes are subjected to coating pretreatment for one day before seed sowing, on one hand, the germination accelerating activity is improved, on the other hand, the later-stage germination growth is facilitated, the sterilization and heat preservation performance is good, the seed sowing and germination accelerating period is obviously shortened, the germination rate is high, and the germination is fast; the bud seedlings are healthy and strong, and the survival rate after transplanting is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
A sweet potato seedling growing method with high survival rate comprises the following specific steps:
(II) selecting a seedbed:
(1) and (3) constructing a seedbed: selecting a plot which is leeward and sunny, flat in terrain, good in drainage, low in underground water level, and has no sweet potatoes planted for at least 2 years and has a sweet potato seedbed as the seedbed, wherein the east-west trend of the seedbed is 1.2-1.5 m wide and 40-50 cm deep, the length of the seedbed is determined according to the transplanting area, the south side of the bed bottom is deep, the middle is shallow, and the north side is slightly deep, so that an inverted groove shape with a high middle and a low periphery is formed;
(2) filling a thermal product: uniformly mixing 1 part of straw and 1 part of manure with the non-mildewed straws and the unfermented cattle, horse and sheep manure, thoroughly pouring warm water, keeping the water content of the brewed hot material at 60-80%, covering a film, tightly sealing the periphery with mud, heating the bed in sunny days, covering a straw mat in cold days for heat preservation, treading to 20-30 cm when the temperature of the brewed hot material rises to 35 ℃, filling 8cm of bed soil, and discharging potato seeds;
(II) seed selection and potato elimination:
(1) selecting seed potatoes: selecting different sweet potato varieties according to different purposes, mainly processing starch, selecting Xushu No. 22 variety, and selecting potato blocks which have the characteristics of the product as seed potatoes, are disease-free, injury-free and free from cold damage and wet damage after the variety is determined, wherein the seed potatoes can not be planted when the potato blocks are soft, the potato skins are concave, have disease spots, are not bright, have no juice on the cross section or have black ribs or chaff;
(2) seed potato treatment: the seed potatoes are placed in rice bran to be buried 1 day before seeding is needed, and after the seed potatoes are taken out and before the seed potatoes are seeded, in order to prevent the potato blocks from carrying bacteria, the seed potatoes are treated by adopting 0.5kg of 40 percent carbendazim suspending agent, adding 200-400 kg of water and soaking the seed potatoes for 10 min;
(3) potato discharging: the potato is preferably discharged in spring 30-35 days before the potato is planted, the bed temperature is raised to 30 ℃ before and after the potato is killed, the potato is discharged in windless sunny days, large potato blocks are arranged in the middle of a seedbed near a fire path during the potato discharge, small potato blocks are arranged around the seedbed, the density of the discharged potato is generally 18-27 kg/m2, the side with bright skin color faces upwards, the side with dark color faces downwards, more seedlings can emerge, warm water at about 30 ℃ is poured after the potato discharge, the ratio of water to seed potato is 1: 1-1.5, and finally soil is covered for 1.5-2 cm; the size of the seed potatoes selected during potato discharging is 0.15-0.2 kg, the head and the tail of the seed potatoes are required to be clearly sorted during the seed discharging, the reverse discharging is avoided, the size is divided, the seed potatoes are horizontally placed and thinly discharged, the seed potatoes are kept to be level up and uneven down, and the uniform thickness of covering soil is facilitated.
(III) seedbed management: during the seedbed management process, when a commercially available thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the seedbed, the thermometer is inserted on the seedbed and is not suitable to be too deep or too shallow, and the lower end of the thermometer is preferably level to the bottom surface of the seed potato; covering the seedbed with a film, and measuring the temperature of the stem tip layer of the seedlings in the film by paying attention to prevent the potato seedlings from being burnt by overhigh temperature.
(1) Seeding to seedling emergence: the seed potatoes are cracked, topped with soil and leveled within 10 days from the seed sowing, the bed temperature is kept at 32-35 ℃ for the first 4 days, the bed temperature is kept at about 31-33 ℃ for the second 6 days, and the lowest temperature can not be lower than 28 ℃;
(2) and (3) a seedling growing stage: after 12-15 days of seedling alignment, the height of the seedlings is about 15cm, the temperature suitable for the growth of the potato seedlings is 27-30, the bed temperature cannot be higher than 32 ℃ nor lower than 25 ℃;
(3) and (3) seedling hardening stage: when the seedlings grow to 20cm, cutting 3-5 days before the seedlings are cut, and gradually uncovering the film to harden the seedlings at a suitable bed temperature of 20-25 ℃ to make the temperature of the seedling bed close to the atmospheric temperature so as to be beneficial to being planted and survived;
(4) watering: generally, the seed potatoes are not watered before sprouting and soil covering, if the seedbed is dry, small water can be watered once, and big water can not be irrigated in a flood way, so that the seedling growth is prevented from being influenced by wilting and withering of the bud tips. Properly increasing watering amount along with the growth of potato seedlings, keeping the relative humidity of seedbed soil at 70% -80%, and stopping watering 3-5 days before picking and transplanting seedlings;
(5) fertilizing: after the seedlings are aligned, 1 time of shearing and picking the seedlings is combined with watering and topdressing once, and urea is applied when no dew is exposed on the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the thickness of the urea is 10m2Generally not more than 0.25kg, watering immediately after top dressing, and rapidly exerting fertilizer effect.
(IV) seedling collection:
(1) and (3) seedling picking management: when the seedlings grow to 16-20 cm, timely picking the seedlings, otherwise, the potato seedlings are crowded, so that the lower seedlings grow badly, the seedling emergence amount of the next stubble is influenced, a high-shear seedling picking method can be used for picking the seedlings, 1-2 sections of the stubbles are left for facilitating regeneration, and the potato seedlings can be directly pulled out if the potato seedlings are too dense, but the potato seedlings are not taken out;
(2) managing after seedling picking: watering is not needed on the day of seedling picking, watering is combined with top dressing on the day 2, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer urea is used asMainly, the general fertilizing amount is 150kg/hm2The seedlings can be broadcast or watered, but the seedlings are strictly prevented from being burnt;
in the vegetable seedling post-management, after seedling collection, the seedling is promoted mainly, the temperature of a seedbed is increased to 32-35 ℃ so as to be beneficial to the growth of sweet potato seedlings, and after 3d, the seedling hardening stage is carried out.
Example 2
A sweet potato seedling growing method with high survival rate comprises the following specific steps:
(III) selecting a seedbed:
(1) and (3) constructing a seedbed: selecting a plot which is leeward and sunny, flat in terrain, good in drainage, low in underground water level, and has no sweet potatoes planted for at least 2 years and has a sweet potato seedbed as the seedbed, wherein the east-west trend of the seedbed is 1.2-1.5 m wide and 40-50 cm deep, the length of the seedbed is determined according to the transplanting area, the south side of the bed bottom is deep, the middle is shallow, and the north side is slightly deep, so that an inverted groove shape with a high middle and a low periphery is formed;
(2) filling a thermal product: uniformly mixing 1 part of straw and 1 part of manure with the non-mildewed straws and the unfermented cattle, horse and sheep manure, thoroughly pouring warm water, keeping the water content of the brewed hot material at 60-80%, covering a film, tightly sealing the periphery with mud, heating the bed in sunny days, covering a straw mat in cold days for heat preservation, treading to 20-30 cm when the temperature of the brewed hot material rises to 35 ℃, filling 8cm of bed soil, and discharging potato seeds;
(II) seed selection and potato elimination:
(1) selecting seed potatoes: selecting different sweet potato varieties according to different purposes, mainly eating fresh sweet potatoes, selecting Yushu No. 10 and vegetable varieties, and selecting potato blocks which have the characteristics of the product variety, are disease-free, injury-free and free of cold damage and wet damage as seed potatoes after the variety is determined, wherein the seed potatoes can not be planted when the potato blocks are soft, the potato peels are concave, have disease spots, are not bright-colored, have no juice on the cross section or have black ribs or chaff;
(2) seed potato treatment: the seed potatoes are placed in rice bran to be buried 1 day before seeding is needed, and after the seed potatoes are taken out and before the seed potatoes are seeded, in order to prevent the potato blocks from carrying bacteria, the seed potatoes are treated by adopting 0.5kg of 40 percent carbendazim suspending agent, adding 200-400 kg of water and soaking the seed potatoes for 10 min;
(3) potato discharging: the potato is preferably discharged in spring 30-35 days before the potato is planted, the bed temperature is raised to 30 ℃ before and after the potato is killed, the potato is discharged in windless sunny days, large potato blocks are arranged in the middle of a seedbed near a fire path during the potato discharge, small potato blocks are arranged around the seedbed, the density of the discharged potato is generally 18-27 kg/m2, the side with bright skin color faces upwards, the side with dark color faces downwards, more seedlings can emerge, warm water at about 30 ℃ is poured after the potato discharge, the ratio of water to seed potato is 1: 1-1.5, and finally soil is covered for 1.5-2 cm; the size of the seed potatoes selected during potato discharging is 0.15-0.2 kg, the head and the tail of the seed potatoes are required to be clearly sorted during the seed discharging, the reverse discharging is avoided, the size is divided, the seed potatoes are horizontally placed and thinly discharged, the seed potatoes are kept to be level up and uneven down, and the uniform thickness of covering soil is facilitated.
(III) seedbed management: during the seedbed management process, when a commercially available thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the seedbed, the thermometer is inserted on the seedbed and is not suitable to be too deep or too shallow, and the lower end of the thermometer is preferably level to the bottom surface of the seed potato; covering the seedbed with a film, and measuring the temperature of the stem tip layer of the seedlings in the film by paying attention to prevent the potato seedlings from being burnt by overhigh temperature.
(1) Seeding to seedling emergence: the seed potatoes are cracked, topped with soil and leveled within 10 days from the seed sowing, the bed temperature is kept at 32-35 ℃ for the first 4 days, the bed temperature is kept at about 31-33 ℃ for the second 6 days, and the lowest temperature can not be lower than 28 ℃;
(2) and (3) a seedling growing stage: after 12-15 days of seedling alignment, the height of the seedlings is about 15cm, the temperature suitable for the growth of the potato seedlings is 27-30, the bed temperature cannot be higher than 32 ℃ nor lower than 25 ℃;
(3) and (3) seedling hardening stage: when the seedlings grow to 20cm, cutting 3-5 days before the seedlings are cut, and gradually uncovering the film to harden the seedlings at a suitable bed temperature of 20-25 ℃ to make the temperature of the seedling bed close to the atmospheric temperature so as to be beneficial to being planted and survived;
(4) watering: generally, the seed potatoes are not watered before sprouting and soil covering, if the seedbed is dry, small water can be watered once, and big water can not be irrigated in a flood way, so that the seedling growth is prevented from being influenced by wilting and withering of the bud tips. Properly increasing watering amount along with the growth of potato seedlings, keeping the relative humidity of seedbed soil at 70% -80%, and stopping watering 3-5 days before picking and transplanting seedlings;
(5) fertilizing: after the seedlings are aligned, 1 time of shearing and picking the seedlings is combined with watering and topdressing once, and urea is applied when no dew is exposed on the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the thickness of the urea is 10m2Generally not more than 0.25kg, watering immediately after top dressing, and rapidly exerting fertilizer effect.
(IV) seedling collection:
(1) and (3) seedling picking management: when the seedlings grow to 16-20 cm, timely picking the seedlings, otherwise, the potato seedlings are crowded, so that the lower seedlings grow badly, the seedling emergence amount of the next stubble is influenced, a high-shear seedling picking method can be used for picking the seedlings, 1-2 sections of the stubbles are left for facilitating regeneration, and the potato seedlings can be directly pulled out if the potato seedlings are too dense, but the potato seedlings are not taken out;
(2) managing after seedling picking: watering is not needed on the day of seedling collection, watering is combined with topdressing on the 2 nd day, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer urea is used as the main component, and the general fertilizing amount is 150kg/hm2The seedlings can be broadcast or watered, but the seedlings are strictly prevented from being burnt;
in the vegetable seedling post-management, after seedling collection, the seedling is promoted mainly, the temperature of a seedbed is increased to 32-35 ℃ so as to be beneficial to the growth of sweet potato seedlings, and after 3d, the seedling hardening stage is carried out.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A sweet potato seedling growing method with high survival rate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
selecting a seedbed:
(1) and (3) constructing a seedbed: selecting a plot which is leeward and sunny, flat in terrain, good in drainage, low in underground water level, and has no sweet potatoes planted for at least 2 years and has a sweet potato seedbed as the seedbed, wherein the east-west trend of the seedbed is 1.2-1.5 m wide and 40-50 cm deep, the length of the seedbed is determined according to the transplanting area, the south side of the bed bottom is deep, the middle is shallow, and the north side is slightly deep, so that an inverted groove shape with a high middle and a low periphery is formed;
(2) filling a thermal product: uniformly mixing 1 part of straw and 1 part of manure with the non-mildewed straws and the unfermented cattle, horse and sheep manure, thoroughly pouring warm water, keeping the water content of the brewed hot material at 60-80%, covering a film, tightly sealing the periphery with mud, heating the bed in sunny days, covering a straw mat in cold days for heat preservation, treading to 20-30 cm when the temperature of the brewed hot material rises to 35 ℃, filling 8cm of bed soil, and discharging potato seeds;
(II) seed selection and potato elimination:
(1) selecting seed potatoes: different sweet potato varieties are selected according to different purposes, and after the varieties are determined, potato blocks which have the characteristics of the product, are disease-free, injury-free and free from cold damage and wet damage are selected as seed potatoes. The seeds can not be planted when the potato blocks are soft, the potato peels are concave, the potato blocks have scabs and are not bright, and the sections have no juice or have black ribs or chaff;
(2) seed potato treatment: the seed potatoes are placed in rice bran to be buried 1 day before seeding is needed, and after the seed potatoes are taken out and before the seed potatoes are seeded, in order to prevent the potato blocks from carrying bacteria, the seed potatoes are treated by adopting 0.5kg of 40 percent carbendazim suspending agent, adding 200-400 kg of water and soaking the seed potatoes for 10 min;
(3) potato discharging: the potato is preferably discharged in spring 30-35 days before the potato is planted, the bed temperature is raised to 30 ℃ before and after the potato is killed, the potato is discharged in windless sunny days, large potato blocks are arranged in the middle of a seedbed near a fire path during the potato discharge, small potato blocks are arranged around the seedbed, the density of the discharged potato is generally 18-27 kg/m2, the side with bright skin color faces upwards, the side with dark color faces downwards, more seedlings can emerge, warm water at about 30 ℃ is poured after the potato discharge, the ratio of water to seed potato is 1: 1-1.5, and finally soil is covered for 1.5-2 cm;
(III) seedbed management:
(1) seeding to seedling emergence: the seed potatoes are cracked, topped with soil and leveled within 10 days from the seed sowing, the bed temperature is kept at 32-35 ℃ for the first 4 days, the bed temperature is kept at about 31-33 ℃ for the second 6 days, and the lowest temperature can not be lower than 28 ℃;
(2) and (3) a seedling growing stage: after 12-15 days of seedling alignment, the height of the seedlings is about 15cm, the temperature suitable for the growth of the potato seedlings is 27-30, the bed temperature cannot be higher than 32 ℃ nor lower than 25 ℃;
(3) and (3) seedling hardening stage: when the seedlings grow to 20cm, cutting 3-5 days before the seedlings are cut, and gradually uncovering the film to harden the seedlings at a suitable bed temperature of 20-25 ℃ to make the temperature of the seedling bed close to the atmospheric temperature so as to be beneficial to being planted and survived;
(4) watering: generally, the seed potatoes are not watered before sprouting and soil covering, if the seedbed is dry, small water can be watered once, and big water can not be irrigated in a flood way, so that the seedling growth is prevented from being influenced by wilting and withering of the bud tips. Properly increasing watering amount along with the growth of potato seedlings, keeping the relative humidity of seedbed soil at 70% -80%, and stopping watering 3-5 days before picking and transplanting seedlings;
(5) fertilizing: after the seedlings are aligned, 1 time of shearing and picking the seedlings is combined with watering and topdressing once, and urea is applied when no dew is exposed on the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the thickness of the urea is 10m2Generally not more than 0.25kg, watering immediately after top dressing, and rapidly exerting fertilizer effect;
(IV) seedling collection:
(1) and (3) seedling picking management: when the seedlings grow to 16-20 cm, timely picking the seedlings, otherwise, the potato seedlings are crowded, so that the lower seedlings grow badly, the seedling emergence amount of the next stubble is influenced, a high-shear seedling picking method can be used for picking the seedlings, 1-2 sections of the stubbles are left for facilitating regeneration, and the potato seedlings can be directly pulled out if the potato seedlings are too dense, but the potato seedlings are not taken out;
(2) managing after seedling picking: watering is not needed on the day of seedling collection, watering is combined with topdressing on the 2 nd day, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer urea is used as the main component, and the general fertilizing amount is 150kg/hm2It can be applied by sprinkling or watering, but should be strictly prevented from burning.
2. The sweet potato seedling raising method with high survival rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein different sweet potato varieties are selected according to different purposes during seed selection: the high starch seed potato with starch content over 25% is selected from Xushu 22, Yushu 13 and Yushuwang; yushu No. 10, a vegetable type variety is preferably selected mainly for fresh eating; the Gansu No. 10 Gansu potato and Xushu 34 are preferably selected for baking, and the variety has high sugar content; the selected commercial potato 19 which can be processed and eaten simultaneously has high sprouting rate of the commercial potato 19, and is very suitable for commercial seedling raising.
3. The sweet potato seedling method with high survival rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the seed potatoes selected during potato seeding is 0.15-0.2 kg, the seeds are carefully sorted to be clear, inverted rows are forbidden, the seeds are separated in size, laid and thinly lined, the seeds are kept uniform above and below, and the thickness of the soil is uniform.
4. The method for growing seedlings of sweet potatoes with high survival rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the management of the seedbed, when a commercially available thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the seedbed, the thermometer is not suitable to be inserted too deep or too shallow on the seedbed, and the lower end of the thermometer is preferably level to the bottom surface of the seed potato; covering the seedbed with a film, and measuring the temperature of the stem tip layer of the seedlings in the film by paying attention to prevent the potato seedlings from being burnt by overhigh temperature.
5. The sweet potato seedling raising method with high survival rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the post-vegetable seedling management, after seedling collection, the seedling is promoted mainly, the temperature of a seedbed is increased to 32-35 ℃ so as to be beneficial to growth of sweet potato seedlings, and after 3d, the sweet potato seedlings are transferred to a low-temperature seedling hardening stage.
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Citations (4)
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| CN102845213A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Sweet potato seedling raising method |
| CN105248134A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-20 | 贵州省仁怀市致远科技开发有限公司 | Greenhouse breeding cultivation technique for detoxification sweet potato seedlings |
| CN105265125A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-27 | 张世峰 | Sweet potato dual-film seedling growing technology |
| CN107896872A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 藤县福进大红八角种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield sweet potato leaves |
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| CN102845213A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Sweet potato seedling raising method |
| CN105265125A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-27 | 张世峰 | Sweet potato dual-film seedling growing technology |
| CN105248134A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-20 | 贵州省仁怀市致远科技开发有限公司 | Greenhouse breeding cultivation technique for detoxification sweet potato seedlings |
| CN107896872A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 藤县福进大红八角种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield sweet potato leaves |
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