CN104472178B - High-yield sweet potato cultivation method and seedbed for raising seedlings - Google Patents
High-yield sweet potato cultivation method and seedbed for raising seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN104472178B CN104472178B CN201410733380.XA CN201410733380A CN104472178B CN 104472178 B CN104472178 B CN 104472178B CN 201410733380 A CN201410733380 A CN 201410733380A CN 104472178 B CN104472178 B CN 104472178B
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- radix ipomoeae
- seedling
- nursery
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- sweet potato
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
A high-yield sweet potato cultivation method includes 1), raising seedlings in winter and 2), transplanting the seedlings in spring. In the step 1), sweet potato root tubers are planted in a seedbed, with the ground temperature higher than 15 DEG C, for raising the sweet potato seedlings to enable the sweet potato root tubers to grow sweet potato cirri; in the step 2), the grown sweet potato cirri are divided into the sweet potato seedlings, the sweet potato seedlings are planted in a field with the ground temperature higher than 16 DEG C, and the density of the sweet potato seedlings is 5000-8000 per mu; after the steps, the yield of sweet potatoes reaches more than twenty thousand jin per mu. The high-yield sweet potato cultivation method has the advantages that high yield is achieved, the yield of the sweet potatoes reaches more than twenty thousand jin per mu, and general yield per mu is below ten thousand jin.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of Radix Ipomoeae high yield and be applied to the seedling cultivation bed of Radix Ipomoeae high yield.
Background technology
0.5 ten thousand jin of the general per mu yield fresh sweet potatoes of existing Radix Ipomoeae, the such as content disclosed in patent documentation cn101305692a
0.15～0.2 ten thousand jin (yield about 56 is very heavy) of volume increase per mu, the increasing per mu of the content disclosed in patent documentation cn1409952a
Long 20～30%(about 78 is very heavy), " losing word 138 " 5000 jin of per mu yield, " imperial potato nine ", 4000～5000 jin of per mu yield.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of method that can increase substantially Ipomoea batatas production and Radix Ipomoeae
The seedbed of nursery, can reach more than 20,000 jin using every mu of Ipomoea batatas production of this method.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method of Radix Ipomoeae high yield includes the winter
Ji Yumiao spring transplants；
1) winter nursery, by Radix Ipomoeae tuber be planted in ground temperature be more than 15 degree of Radix Ipomoeae seedling cultivation bed in, so that Radix Ipomoeae tuber is grown
Radix Ipomoeae tendril；
2) spring transplants, and the tendril that Radix Ipomoeae is grown carries out plant division and becomes Radix Ipomoeae seedling, and Radix Ipomoeae seedling is planted in ground temperature and is more than
15 degree of big fields, Radix Ipomoeae seedling density is every mu 0.5～0.8 ten thousand plants；
Through above step, every mu of Ipomoea batatas production reaches more than 20,000 jin.
Further, the seedbed substrate of winter nursery is provided with biological material gain of heat layer, biological material gain of heat layer with red
Potato wedges root is at a distance of more than 10 centimetres.
Further, the single weight of Radix Ipomoeae tuber adopting in winter nursery is less than 500 grams.
Further, in winter nursery, every square metre of sowing Radix Ipomoeae tuber weight is more than 30 jin.
Further, head, top alignment during the plantation of Radix Ipomoeae tuber in winter nursery, bottom, afterbody do not line up.
Further, before spring transplanting, 2-6 angel land for growing field crops ground temperature rises above 15 degree.
A kind of seedbed of Radix Ipomoeae nursery includes impermeable stratum, water-bearing layer, metalling, planting soil arable layer, and water-bearing layer sets
On impermeable stratum, metalling is located above water-bearing layer, and planting soil arable layer is laid on above metalling.
Further, water-bearing layer is medium coarse sand building stones, and medium coarse sand building stones particle diameter is 2-4cm.
Further, fractured-rock layer thickness is less than 2～5 centimetres.
Further, planting soil arable layer thickness is more than 30 centimetres.
The invention has the advantages that, when temperature is relatively low in the winter time (Yangtze river basin 1～2 month temperature is generally less than 5 degree), moulding
Material temperature canopy makes Radix Ipomoeae tuber germinate in (ground temperature is more than 15 degree) and grows tendril (taking around 30～60 days), the rattan that Radix Ipomoeae is grown
Climing carry out plant division and become Radix Ipomoeae seedling (time about March, land for growing field crops ground temperature is more than 15 degree), Radix Ipomoeae seedling is carried out in big field
General planting, carries out Radix Ipomoeae nursery by using winter, and spring transplants, and early survives, early takes root, and enters tuber expanding stage in advance,
Increase yield.Spring transplant after Radix Ipomoeae about started to take root through 3～4 days, after cultivation, 8～10 days blade greenings and lobus cardiacus start to grow,
For period of seedling establishment, plant and start within latter 30 days about to grow branch, root growth is basically completed, root of hair amount account for time of infertility radical 70～
80%, at this moment form tuber, after cultivation, 35～45 days tuber start to expand.
Ipomoea batatas seedling needs more than 18 DEG C of temperature beginning energy root of hair, stem when the general temperature of stem and leaf trophophase is less than 15 DEG C after planting
Leaf growth retardation, then assumes wilting shape less than 6～8 DEG C, is withered through frost.Tuber formed thermophilic typically at 25 DEG C about, and
Tuber expands thermophilic then between 22～24 DEG C.The middle and late stage temperature of growth turns low by high, and day and night temperature is big, is conducive to tuber to tire out
Long-pending nutrient and acceleration are expanded.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the seedling cultivation bed structural representation of the present invention.
As in figure, impermeable stratum 1, water-bearing layer 2, metalling 3, planting soil layer 4.
Specific embodiment
Taking Hubei cuisine potato 1, Zhejiang potato 132 as a example:
(1) winter in January～2 month morning nursery.
Produce leaf vegetables and select stick blade profile kind Hubei cuisine potato 1, such as production is eaten potato wedges raw and then selected early-maturing variety Zhejiang potato
132.
Select irrigation condition good, it is early seedling cultivation bed that winter is made in the nonirrigated farmland of convenient transportation, seedbed and land for growing field crops ratio for 1:70～
100.
Construction criteria shaped steel frame booth, canopy film selects new long-lived Anti-fogging Film, and in canopy, drip irrigation facilities are installed in railway carriage or compartment face.Before sowing
15 days site preparation whole railway carriage or compartment basal dressings, use sufficient base fertilizer, thin rake of turning over, and loam is uniform.Using seedling cultivation bed in such as Fig. 1, seedbed includes
Impermeable stratum 1, water-bearing layer 2, metalling 3, planting soil layer 4, water-bearing layer 2 is medium coarse sand building stones, and metalling 3 thickness is less than 2 lis
Rice, plants 30 centimetres of soil layer 4 thickness, water-bearing layer 2 is located above impermeable stratum 1, and metalling 3 is located above water-bearing layer 2, planting soil
Earth layer 4 is laid on above metalling 3, and impermeable stratum 1 makes planting soil layer 4 be isolated with original ground soil layer, reduces original ground soil
Layer absorbs planting soil layer 4 heat, and during planting soil layer 4 is heated, what heat will not be excessive scatters and disappears, in planting process
The temperature of middle planting soil layer 4 is not in big fluctuation.
Railway carriage or compartment width is mated with agricultural film, arched shed rack.30～50 centimetres of railway carriage or compartment furrow width, 25～35 centimetres of depth.Buried wine heat in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment
Thing.Ferment material is the fresh excrement of domestic animal, straw, but is optimal with fresh chicken manure.Heated to seedbed using microbial decomposition fermentation heat.
The humidity of ferment material is advisable with water-holding capacity 70%, inserts about 20 centimetres of thickness in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment.Biomaterial gain of heat layer and Radix Ipomoeae block
Root is at a distance of more than 10 centimetres.
The rudiment temperature of Hubei cuisine potato 1 or Zhejiang potato 132 is 16 DEG C, and, in the range of 16～35 DEG C, temperature is higher for temperature, sprouts
Bud is faster.Miniclimate in the shed thin film of railway carriage or compartment face is higher more than 15 DEG C than open country temperature.Under sunlight irradiates, nursery bed temperature can be carried
Height is to more than 50 DEG C.5～10 centimetres of bed soil temperature are than 5～7 DEG C of open country mean height.General late January～early Febuary starts to sow
Potato seed.
Potato shape is selected to rectify, potato skin is vivid smooth, and Radix Ipomoeae tuber is of moderate size, and Radix Ipomoeae tuber is single heavy 100～300 grams,
Vitality is strong, no injured, no endure cold, the potato wedges with former varietal characteristic of no disease and pests harm is planted.Potato wedges first carries out Medicament soaked seed
With seeding after high temperature accelerating germination.Add a cover thin film in seeding potato front railway carriage or compartment face, make seedbed soil temperature take off film seeding when rising to 32 DEG C about.
Potato seed arranges method using oblique.Seeding density is generally 30～50 jins/square metre；Distinguish end to end it is ensured that head is dorsad gone up；
Large and small potato divides row, the suitable solid matter of yampi, the preferably dilute row of little potato；Grasp the principle of " uneven under going up together "；After seeding, with 40 DEG C about
Warm water irrigates bed soil；Lid fine sand fine earth 4～5 cm thick；Take Small plastic shed again on bed surface, and cover canopy film, canopy film surrounding mud
Soil pressure real it is impossible to ventilative.Sealing booth door simultaneously adds a cover 1 layer of canopy film, and personnel's turnover booth was preferably selected at fine day noon, prevented big
Mercury dropped in canopy.
Winter seedling management.Keep 32 DEG C of bed temperature, about after 4 days, potato seed starts rudiment, then so that bed soil temperature is risen to
35～36 DEG C, highest, no more than 38 DEG C, keeps 3～4 days it is therefore an objective to make potato seed produce disease-resistance substance (Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae ketone), suppression is black
The infecting of pinta pathogenic bacteria.Then, bed temperature is dropped to 31 DEG C about, until emerging.Typically must not water before plumelet talent arch soil, such as bed
Soil arid, can pour little water.Potato seed emerge previous as temperature relatively low, thin film to be obturaged.The plumelet of rigid arch soil is easily burnt by burning sun,
The low light level of available morning and dusk shines bed, when blade greening, just can full-time solarization Seedling.After potato seed is emerged, bed temperature is dropped to 28
DEG C about.
When about 10 centimetres of Seedling (tendril), root system is more flourishing, and blade starts to increase, and potato seedling growth growth is accelerated, and bed temperature is dropped
To 25 DEG C about, and take off film solarization Seedling, promote potato seedling growth growth sturdy.After emerging, at 9 points in the morning, in film, temperature can exceed that
35 DEG C it should be noted that aeration-cooling, prevent burning sun from baking Seedling；Now nighttime temperature still relatively low it should be noted that insulation.With potato seedling growth growth,
Blade increases, and evaporation capacity improves, and typically will pour a water daily, to keep bed soil to moisten.
Manage after winter nursery.Before collecting seedling 2～3 days in order to temper potato seedling growth (tendril), bed temperature is dropped to 20 DEG C about, stop
Water, restrained the growth of seedlings, and note gradually taking off film seedling exercising (tendril), prevent from causing tender leaf dried-up.When height of seedling reaches more than 20 centimetres,
Get final product cutting seedlings, in order to avoid affecting the quantity of collecting seedling of next batch.Collect seedling preferably cutting seedlings, Seedling (tendril) must not be pulled.Clip will be from bed soil 2
～3 centimetres.Apply 50 grams/m of carbamide when collecting seedling and combining and water one day after and urge Seedling.Cover thin film again, bed temperature is raised to 32～
35 DEG C, promote potato seedling growth (tendril) to grow, after 3～4 days, proceed to low temperature seedling exercising (tendril) stage again.
(2) March～spring in April transplants.
The Radix Ipomoeae growing tendril is carried out plant division and becomes Radix Ipomoeae seedling.Radix Ipomoeae seedling field should be selected in Radix Ipomoeae plantation central area
Select leeward on the sunny side, fertile soil, draining is good, near water source, the field of convenient traffic.Leaf vegetables also should with eating potato wedges production field raw
Note illumination, traffic factor.Eat raw potato wedges produce field not continuous cropping, not vegetable field plant, otherwise subterranean pest-insect harm after outward appearance
Difference, reduction commodity.
Plant in good time.March～April takes out Radix Ipomoeae seedling from winter nursery field, and carries out soaking root and processing (soaking root mixed liquor bag
Include antibacterial, root-growing agent).
Sweet potato ridge forming is planted, and ridge is high 20～25 centimetres, 75～90 centimetres of row spacing.Husky territory uses 25 horsepowers of power, viscous earth
Ground is using the four-wheel tractor of 35 horsepowers of power.The ridging principles of action " 1kq-30 type " sweet potato ridge forming machine.
0.5～0.8 ten thousand plants of every mu of planting density, wherein eats potato wedges raw and produces 0.8 ten thousand plants about of every mu of field, leaf vegetables produces field
0.5 ten thousand plants every mu about be advisable.
To enhance field management after plantation.Middle weeding should be carried out to before envelope ridge after alive of Radix Ipomoeae, and combine weeding, to ridge
On earthed up.Accomplish that shallow hoe ridge uproots ditch, weed eradication of taking precautions against drought soil moisture conservation feelings deeply.Topdress depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings, seedling stage, (in latter 20 days of transplanting) was with nitrogen
Based on fertilizer, the later stage notes supplementing potash fertilizer.General point is topdressed for 3 times, attacks seed manure for the 1st time, transplants latter 10 days about, apply carbamide 3 for every mu
～5 jin are watered and spread manuer in holes.Latter 60 days in transplanting, apply 20 jin of carbamide, 20～30 jin of calcium superphosphate, 15 jin of potassium sulfate for every mu 2nd time；The
Expand the stage in potato wedges 3 times, the potassium phosphate solution with 1% or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the afternoon 3 when after spray, often
150～200 jin of hydrojet of mu, sprayed every 15 days 1 time, sprays 2 times altogether.
(3) July, August early go public sale.
The plantation of potato seedling growth early spring can harvest seedling or leaf vegetables in latter 45 days.Harvesting can postpone for the first time in sapling multiplication field, with
Strong sprout is promoted to be good for Seedling growth；Harvesting can shift to an earlier date for the first time in leaf vegetables field, to promote the early early branch that germinates to improve next batch of tender stem tender leaf
Yield.Eat raw potato wedges produce field can be needed to arrange for according to the market quotation and produce reality, June start harvest, list marketing, one
As 3000～4000 jin of per mu yield.Summer is to eat Radix Ipomoeae supply dull season raw, up to 4～5 yuan per jin of the market price, and its price is the autumn and winter
When season harvests seven, eight times.
Test result, 2013, divides 3 groups of small towns Pu Xihe village Vegetable Base to apply Radix Ipomoeae new varieties in Yichang City Yiling District
Hubei cuisine potato 1, overwintering nursery in booth, on April 11st, 2014 harvests seedling for the first time, and every cave highest Seedling number reaches 27.5
Root, average 22.2/cave, every mu of highest Seedling number reaches 10.38 ten thousand, average 8.38 ten thousand pieces/mu.
We divide 3 groups of small towns Pu Xihe village Vegetable Base to apply Radix Ipomoeae Zhe potato 132,2014 in Yichang City Yiling District
Year 2 months 21 days seeding and seedling raisings, April 11 transplanted, 7700 plants of every mu of density.June 27 investigated nursery situation: individual plant is averagely heavy
206 grams, the average number of seedling of individual plant 10,58～118 centimetres of the climing length of stem, average 74 centimetres, slightly average 5.9 millimeters of stem, often
9.31 ten thousand plants of nursery of mu.July 31 was investigated, and surveyed 2828.94 pounds/acre of fresh sweet potato block weight.September investigation on the 5th, surveys fresh sweet potato block weight
4425.2 jin every mu of amount.November 7 was investigated, and surveyed 8244 jin every mu of fresh sweet potato block weight average, every mu of maximum output reaches 11948
Jin.
And for example: we divide 3 groups of small towns Pu Xihe village Vegetable Base to apply Yichang land race Three Gorges in Yichang City Yiling District
Red heart potato, is survived the winter Lao Qiu stem cuttage on 2 21st, 2014 with Three Gorges red heart potato, it has been found that the Lao Qiu of cuttage during June 27 investigation
Stem slightly reaches 1.6 centimetres, and individual plant ties potato 3, and maximum list potato weighs 300 grams.August harvests on the 15th, and potato wedges is oval, and fresh sweet potato skin is red
Color, potato meat salmon pink, the Lao Qiu stem top of its cuttage slightly reaches 3.4 centimetres, and fresh sweet potato block is high 17 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres, weight
2500 grams.During according to density for every mu 0.5～0.8 ten thousand plants of cuttages, more than 25000 jin of every mu of fresh sweet potato.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of Radix Ipomoeae high yield it is characterised in that: methods described include nursery spring in winter transplant, Radix Ipomoeae be Hubei Province
Dish potato 1 or early-maturing variety Zhejiang potato 132；
1) winter nursery, by Radix Ipomoeae tuber be planted in ground temperature be more than 15 DEG C of Radix Ipomoeae seedling cultivation bed in, seedbed includes impermeable stratum, contains
Water layer, metalling, planting soil arable layer, water-bearing layer is located above impermeable stratum, and metalling is located above water-bearing layer, planting soil
Earth arable layer is laid on above metalling, and water-bearing layer is medium coarse sand building stones, medium coarse sand building stones particle diameter 2-4cm, and fractured-rock layer thickness is little
In 5 centimetres, planting soil arable layer thickness is more than 30 centimetres, makes Radix Ipomoeae tuber grow Radix Ipomoeae tendril, the Seedling of described winter nursery
Bed substrate is provided with biological material gain of heat layer, and biological material gain of heat layer and Radix Ipomoeae tuber are at a distance of more than 10 centimetres；
2) spring transplants, and the tendril that Radix Ipomoeae is grown carries out plant division and becomes Radix Ipomoeae seedling, and Radix Ipomoeae seedling is planted in ground temperature and is more than 15 DEG C
Big field, Radix Ipomoeae seedling density is every mu 0.5～0.8 ten thousand plants；
In described winter nursery, keep 32 DEG C of nursery bed temperature, after 4 days, potato seed starts rudiment, then so that seedbed soil temperature is increased
To 35～36 DEG C, keep 3～4 days, make potato seed produce disease-resistance substance Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae ketone, suppress infecting of melasma pathogenic bacteria, then reduce Seedling
Bed tempertaure, to 31 DEG C about until emerge, after potato seed is emerged, drops to 28 DEG C about nursery bed temperature, when about 10 centimetres of Seedling,
Nursery bed temperature drops to 25 DEG C about, before collecting seedling 2～3 days in order to temper Seedling, nursery bed temperature is dropped to 20 DEG C about；
The single weight of Radix Ipomoeae tuber adopting in described winter nursery is less than 500 grams；
In described winter nursery, every square metre of sowing Radix Ipomoeae tuber weight is more than 30 jin；
Head, top alignment during the plantation of Radix Ipomoeae tuber in described winter nursery, bottom, afterbody do not line up；
Before described spring transplanting, 2-6 angel land for growing field crops ground temperature rises above 15 DEG C；
Through above step, the every per mu yield of Radix Ipomoeae reaches more than 20,000 jin.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104920051B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-06-20 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | One plants vegetables the method kept a full stand of seedings with listing in advance with type sweet potato winter greenhouse |
| CN105557362B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-02-13 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of preparation method of sweet potato potted landscape |
| CN106961939A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-07-21 | 贵州省施秉县云台山林农科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for promoting sweet potato precocious |
| CN106900346B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2019-12-10 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method |
| CN107691156A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-02-16 | 界首市天艺农民专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of potted plant sweet potato |
| CN114586623B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-18 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Annual breeding and supplying method for plateau sweet potato seedlings |
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