CN105104139A - Cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots - Google Patents
Cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots Download PDFInfo
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- CN105104139A CN105104139A CN201510522247.4A CN201510522247A CN105104139A CN 105104139 A CN105104139 A CN 105104139A CN 201510522247 A CN201510522247 A CN 201510522247A CN 105104139 A CN105104139 A CN 105104139A
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- nitrogen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots. According to the method, the proportion of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is adjusted, a nitration inhibitor acts in combination, and the sweet potato seedlings are cultivated in a seedling pond. Compared with the prior art, when the cultivated sweet potato seedlings with roots in the method are dug out and transplanted, the total number of the root systems and the number of stored roots are large, the sweet potato seedlings are good in growth vigor after being transplanted in a field, and sweet potatoes are borne early and large.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture production technology, be specifically related to a kind of breeding method with root potato seedling.
Background technology
Sweet potato produces the planting patterns adopting potato seed nursery traditionally, cut seedling cuttage, and general demand fulfillment 2 conditions could be applied in production: (1) potato seedling needs " namely cut and namely insert ", because the storage period of shearing potato seedling is very short; (2) soil moisture content is suitable and possess the condition (generally normal need plant when rainfall) of watering normal root water.Because potato seed seedbed needs a period of time rich water to cultivate and could recover after potato seedling is sheared; therefore in the large-scale production of sweet potato; once rainfall (possessing the condition of planting) often needs a large amount of potato seedling in a short time, thus need larger potato seed seedbed area.For this reason, patent CN103210778A provides a kind of batch production potato seeding cultivating method, by potato seed cultivate shearing potato seedling again short-term cuttage on fine earth or Nutrition Soil, indoor culture band root potato seedling, this patent both significantly can improve unit are potato seedling quantity, also can provide potato seedling at any time.Patent CN101779560A also provides a kind of factory culturing method with root potato seedling, have that cultivation period is short, field-transplanting survival rate high (drought resistance strong, do not have seedling-slowing stage), knot potato early, the advantage such as knot potato is many, than shearing potato transplantation of seedlings volume increase more than 20%.Show, the cultivation of sweet potato band offspring is the seedling raising manners of a kind of applicable batch production, scale, has more wide application prospect.
Sweet potato belongs to root crop, and the development of its root system is through adventive root, storage root and 3 stages of block root.Traditionally, after sweet potato shears seedling field-transplanting, the very fast eustipes part placing into the soil grows adventive root, and adventive root is divided into storage root in suitable environmental conditions, and storage root accumulation photosynthetic product expands gradually and becomes block root, storage root is formed more early, and final beet yield is also higher.Generally, the process that adventive root is divided into storage root just completed in 2-3 week, and the cultivating process of sweet potato band offspring generally also needs 2-4 week, that is, there is process adventive root being divided into storage root in theory completely and move on to indoor possibility from land for growing field crops.Show, the innovation in potato seedling type of rearing is not only in the cultivation of sweet potato band offspring, is also the behave that theory and practice is combined closely.
But current band root potato seedling Cultivating techniques remains in much tera incognita.Specifically, current band root potato seedling Cultivating techniques focuses on the innovation in potato seedling type of rearing more, rarely have to do on " root " (particularly early being formed at storage root) and further study, as patent CN103210778A and CN101779560A is not all clearly conducive to storing the Cultivating techniques that root formed.And in the documents and materials published, the formation of sweet potato " root " and the environmental condition (physicochemical property of culture medium) residing for it closely related, particularly nitrogen is larger on its impact.The present invention utilizes forms of nitrogen to be formed to regulate and control growth of sweet potato storage in early stage root, and it is applied to the cultivation of band root potato seedling, still rare report so far.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding method with root potato seedling, to improve the quality of band root potato seedling.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
With a breeding method for root potato seedling, it comprises the steps:
(1) seedling medium is prepared: choose tool porous character, the bibulous matrix such as sawdust, grass or agricultural crop straw chaff, vermiculite, perlite with suiting measures to local conditions, after 1:2 mixes in mass ratio with quartz sand or river sand and get final product, do not advise with containing the higher peat composed of rotten mosses of humus.
(2) Miao Chi prepares: select the high pin cave of forest seedling growth to coil (32 ~ 50 holes, 8.5 ~ 11cm is dark) as seedling pond, and the method that also can refer to disclosed in patent CN101779560A builds seedling pond in field.
(3) select seedling: shear containing more than 2 leaf segments, about 25cm is climing as shearing seedling without the stem of damage by disease and insect.
(4) compounding: the nitrogenous nutrient solution of formulated based on Hoagland nutrient solution or MS nutrient solution; Wherein, the total nitrogen concentration of nutrient solution is 16mM, and in ammonium nitrogen, the quality of nitrogen is 25 ~ 50% of total nitrogen quality in nitrogenous nutrient solution, and in nitrate nitrogen, the quality of nitrogen is 50 ~ 75% of total nitrogen quality in nitrogenous nutrient solution; Meanwhile, in nitrogenous nutrient solution, add nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, also can use other nitrification inhibitors, as dicyandiamide), change to prevent ammonium nitrogen.The nutrient solution prepared is containing ammonium nitrogen 4 ~ 8mM, nitrate nitrogen 12 ~ 8mM, phosphorus 1mM, potassium 6mM, calcium 4mM, magnesium 2mM, sulphur 2mM, trace element (iron 0.014mM, zinc 0.00076mM, copper 0.00032mM, manganese 0.009mM, boron 0.046mM, molybdenum 0.00008mM), DMPP0.017 ~ 0.023mM.
(5) matrix dress pond: strong and weak according to the water suction of host material, the ratio of 0.5 ~ 1.0 liter of nutrient solution is added in every 2 kilograms of matrix, the seedling medium prepared in step (1) and nutrient solution being stirred, (soil humidity can simply judge, namely with holding tight matrix, not agglomeratingly during to unclamp to be as the criterion), load seedling pond or cave dish.
(6) cuttage: shearing seedling straight cutting step (3) prepared is in seedling pond or cave dish, and cuttage spacing in seedling pond is 3 ~ 4cm, every cave 1 strain of cave dish cuttage.Namely normal root water is watered after cuttage.
(7) cultivate: generally can water after 1 week depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings, spill with watering can when watering and water.Namely the band root potato seedling can transplanted in land for growing field crops is obtained after 3 ~ 4 weeks.
Wherein, in ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen nitrogen quality and be 100% of total nitrogen quality in nitrogenous nutrient solution.
In step (4), selected nitrification inhibitor should dissolve in water-soluble, and its consumption is relevant with nitrification inhibitor kind, when selecting DMPP, quality is 1.5 ~ 2% of total nitrogen quality in nutrient solution, and when selecting dicyandiamide (DCD), quality is 5% of total nitrogen quality in nutrient solution.
Wherein, preferably, in nitrogenous nutrient solution, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen is 4 ~ 8mM, and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is 8 ~ 12mM, and nitrification inhibitor is the DMPP of total nitrogen content 1.5 ~ 2.0%.
Wherein, most preferably, in nitrogenous nutrient solution, ammonium nitrogen concentration is 8mM; Nitrate is 8mM; Nitrification inhibitor is the DMPP of total nitrogen content 2.0%.
Wherein, most preferably, in nitrogenous nutrient solution, ammonium nitrogen concentration is 4mM; Nitrate is 12mM; Nitrification inhibitor is the DMPP of total nitrogen content 2.0%.
In step (4), containing any one or a few the combination in ammonium nitrogen material preferably sulfuric acid ammonium, ammonium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and ammonium chloride; Containing any one or a few the combination in the preferred potassium nitrate of nitrate nitrogen material, nitrate of lime and ammonium nitrate.
Beneficial effect:
Compared with prior art, the present invention adopts brand-new nitrogen management technology, by adjustment ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ratio and and nitrification inhibitor acting in conjunction, when making potato seedling play transplantation of seedlings, root system total amount with root potato seedling is large, storage radical amount is many, is transplanted into that growing way behind land for growing field crops is good, knot potato is early large.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is potato 164 weeks rear storage root formation condition diagrams of reviving under different ammonium nitre ratio in embodiment 2;
Fig. 2 is that radical amount comparison diagram stored by potato 16 of reviving under different ammonium nitre ratio in embodiment 3;
Fig. 3 a is that dish nursery growth figure moulded by potato of reviving under different ammonium nitre ratio in embodiment 4 after 163 weeks;
Fig. 3 b is potato 163 weeks rear potato seedling band root total amount comparison diagrams (from left to right ammonium nitre ratio is followed successively by 100/0,75/25,50/50,25/75 and 0/100, and described ammonium nitre is than the mass ratio for nitrogen in ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) of reviving under different ammonium nitre ratio in embodiment 4;
Fig. 4 is with root potato seedling and the growing way comparison diagram of shearing potato transplantation of seedlings after 1 week in embodiment 5;
Fig. 5 is with root potato seedling and the growing way comparison diagram (being flooded rear photo) sheared after potato transplantation of seedlings first quarter moon in embodiment 5.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.But those skilled in the art will readily understand, the content described by embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, and should can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims yet.
Ammonium nitre described in following embodiment is than the mass ratio for nitrogen in ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.
The cultivation of embodiment 1 with root potato seedling
Experimental procedure:
(1) seedling medium is prepared: vermiculite and quartz sand are after 1:2 mixes in mass ratio and get final product.
(2) Miao Chi prepares: select the high pin cave of forest seedling growth to coil (32 ~ 50 holes, 8.5 ~ 11cm is dark) as seedling pond.
(3) select seedling: shear containing more than 2 leaf segments, about 25cm shears seedling as experiment shearing seedling without Soviet Union's potato 16 of damage by disease and insect.
(4) nutrient solution of different ammonium nitre ratio is prepared: fill a prescription based on Hoagland nutrient solution, preparation is without nitrogen nutrition mother liquor liquid, ammonium nitrogen nutritious mother liquid and Nitrate Nutrition mother liquor respectively, then reconfigures 5 kinds of nutrient solutions that preparation ammonium nitre ratio is respectively 100/0,75/25,50/50,25/75 and 0/100.In the nutrient solution prepared, total nitrogen concentration is 16mM; Also phosphorous 1mM, potassium 6mM, calcium 4mM, magnesium 2mM, sulphur 2mM, trace element (iron 0.014mM, zinc 0.00076mM, copper 0.00032mM, manganese 0.009mM, boron 0.046mM, molybdenum 0.00008mM), DMPP0.023mM in nutrient solution.
Wherein, being ammonium sulfate containing ammonium nitrogen material, is nitrate of lime containing nitrate nitrogen material.
(5) matrix dress pond: the ratio adding 1.0 liters of nutrient solutions in every 2 kilograms of matrix, the seedling medium prepared in step (1) and nutrient solution being stirred, (soil humidity is with holding tight matrix, not agglomeratingly when unclamping to be as the criterion), load seedling pond or cave dish.
(6) cuttage: shearing seedling straight cutting step (3) prepared is in the dish of cave, and every cave 1 strain of cuttage is coiled in cave.Namely normal root water is watered after cuttage.
(7) cultivate: generally can water after 1 week depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings, spill with watering can when watering and water.
Embodiment 2
Type of rearing, with embodiment 1, is sheared seedling than the nutrient solution being 100/0,75/25,50/50,25/75 and 0/100 to Soviet Union's potato 16 with ammonium nitre respectively and is cultivated, and observes its knot potato situation after 4 weeks.
Result shows, and individual plant knot potato number when being 25/75 with ammonium nitre molar fraction ratio after 4 weeks is the highest, individual plant potato is heavy maximum, and 50/50 takes second place.As shown in Figure 1, ammonium nitre is than process individual plant potato number average out to 3.50 ± 1.73,3.50 ± 1.73,8.75 ± 2.22,11.25 ± 3.69 and 7.5 ± 1.00/strain being respectively 100/0,75/25,50/50,25/75 and 0/100, and individual plant potato heavily distinguishes average out to 1.50 ± 0.70,2.33 ± 0.46,6.98 ± 1.81,6.96 ± 2.53 and 4.66 ± 1.63 grams/strain.
Embodiment 3
Type of rearing, with embodiment 1, is sheared seedling than the nutrient solution being 100/0,75/25,50/50,25/75 and 0/100 to Soviet Union's potato 16 with ammonium nitre respectively and is cultivated, and observes its storage root growth situation after 3 ~ 4 weeks.
According to breediness (individual plant knot potato number is advisable with 4-8) and the investigation of tip of a root number distribution situation of Soviet Union's potato 16, after 3 weeks, average root diameter is greater than 3.0mm, after 4 weeks, average root diameter is greater than the root of 3.5mm as storage root, and the storage radical amount under different nitrogen management condition is shown in Fig. 2.Shown in Fig. 2, when cultivating 3 weeks, with ammonium nitrogen molar fraction be 25 ~ 50%, nitrate nitrogen molar fraction be 75 ~ 50% potato seedling storage radical amount maximum; When cultivating 4 weeks, be with ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen molar fraction 50% potato seedling storage radical amount maximum.
Embodiment 4
Type of rearing, with embodiment 1, is sheared seedling than the nutrient solution being 100/0,75/25,50/50,25/75 and 0/100 to Soviet Union's potato 16 with ammonium nitre respectively and is carried out its band root total amount of cultivation rear observation in 3 weeks.
As best shown in figures 3 a and 3b, after 3 weeks, the potato seedling band root total amount that the nutrient solution being 25/75 with ammonium nitre ratio is cultivated is maximum.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment by embodiment 3 with the nutrient solution of 5 kinds of ammonium nitre ratios cultivate the further performance of potato seedling band root after field transplanting.
(1) latter 1 week is transplanted: growing way compares
As shown in Figure 4, arrow indication is protection row, and be the growing way of band root potato transplantation of seedlings after 1 week on the left of it, right side is shear the growing way of potato transplantation of seedlings after 1 week, band root potato seedling clear superiority.
(2) latter 30 days are transplanted: growing way compares
As shown in Figure 5, the growing way that board part is band root potato seedling field-transplanting is inserted on the right, and the left side is the growing way shearing potato seedling.Band root potato seedling has clear superiority.Meanwhile, as shown in Figure 5, root potato seedling is with still to keep good growing way after being flooded.
(3) latter 40 days are transplanted: the band root potato seedling of different ammonium nitre ratio compares with the growth traits shearing potato seedling
As shown in table 1, transplant latter 40 days, compare with shearing potato seedling, band root potato seedling is tied in potato number, individual plant branch amount and main climing length etc. all without clear superiority at individual plant.But heavily go up at individual plant potato, band root potato seedling is all significantly higher than shears potato seedling, and in the process of 5 kinds of different ammonium nitre ratios, the 2 kinds of process individual plant potatos being 50/50 and 25/75 with ammonium nitre ratio again weigh the highest.
The band root potato seedling of table 1 different ammonium nitre ratio compares with the growth traits shearing potato seedling
Claims (6)
1. the breeding method with root potato seedling, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) seedling is selected: the sweet potato shearing seedling chosen without damage by disease and insect is for subsequent use;
(2) cuttage: by the shearing seedling cuttage of gained in step (1) to Miao Chizhong;
(3) cultivate: cross to the middle cuttage of step (2) Miao Chizhong shearing seedling and add nitrogenous fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor, after 3 ~ 4 weeks, namely obtain the band root potato seedling can transplanted in land for growing field crops.
2. the breeding method of band root potato seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), lays sweet potato seedling medium in advance in described seedling pond.
3. the breeding method of band root potato seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), described nitrogenous fertilizer is nitrogenous nutrient solution.
4. the breeding method of band root potato seedling according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the solute of described nitrogenous nutrient solution comprises containing ammonium nitrogen material with containing nitrate nitrogen material, and solvent is water;
Wherein,
Described is any one or a few combination in ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and ammonium chloride containing ammonium nitrogen material;
Described is any one or a few combination in potassium nitrate, nitrate of lime and ammonium nitrate containing nitrate nitrogen material;
In ammonium nitrogen, the quality of nitrogen is 25 ~ 50% of total nitrogen quality in nitrogenous nutrient solution;
In nitrate nitrogen, the quality of nitrogen is 50 ~ 75% of total nitrogen quality in nitrogenous nutrient solution;
The total concentration of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is 16mmol/L.
5. the breeding method of band root potato seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), described nitrification inhibitor is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate or dicyandiamide.
6. the breeding method of the band root potato seedling according to claim 1 and 5, it is characterized in that, in step (3), 3, the phosphatic quality of 4-dimethyl pyrazole is 1.5 ~ 2% of total nitrogen quality in nitrogenous fertilizer, and the quality of dicyandiamide is 5% of total nitrogen quality in nitrogenous fertilizer.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106961984A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-21 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of bowl seeding cultivating method based on sweet potato vine |
| CN107455139A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-12 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of yam seedling |
| CN107896884A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-13 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of ipomoea batatas seedling |
| CN109757231A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of method that Chinese yam idioplasm resource is quickly bred and saved |
| CN113728892A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-03 | 福建师范大学 | Nitrogen and phosphorus matrix for 2-3-year-old machilus pauhoi container seedling soil and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106961984A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-21 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of bowl seeding cultivating method based on sweet potato vine |
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| CN107896884A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-13 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of ipomoea batatas seedling |
| CN109757231A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of method that Chinese yam idioplasm resource is quickly bred and saved |
| CN113728892A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-03 | 福建师范大学 | Nitrogen and phosphorus matrix for 2-3-year-old machilus pauhoi container seedling soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113728892B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-01-10 | 福建师范大学 | Nitrogen and phosphorus matrix for 2-3-year-old machilus pauhoi container seedling soil and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20151202 |