CN103392579A - Family type soilless cultivation method of leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Family type soilless cultivation method of leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the soilless cultivation filed of leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes, in particular to a family type soilless cultivation method of the leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes for family balconies. Compared with the prior art, thousands of residents can directly cultivate the pollution-free leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes simply and easily at their homes with the method, and the leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes can be picked for one time every 8-13 days (one period); and compared with a common soil cultivation method, the yield is improved by 17%-23%, and 3-5 plates of the leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes are planted in each family, so that fresh leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes can be eaten for more than two times each week. Under the situation that current urban land resources are heavily short, the method can enable people in the city to plant the leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes in their own balconies manually, so that fresh sweet potato seedlings full of nutrients can be eaten, family environments can be beautified, and family space resources are fully used. The family type soilless cultivation method of the leaf-vegetable-type sweet potatoes has the advantages of easiness and convenience in operation, low cost, high quality, high efficiency and the like, and has certain social and economic values and a wide marketing prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to leaf vegetables type sweet potato soilless culture field, the family soilless culture breeding method of the especially a kind of type of leaf vegetables for household balcony sweet potato.
Background technology
China's arable area is relatively nervous, development along with urbanization, it is precious that land resources more and more seems, impel the production cost of vegetables to improve, and in recent years, the pollution-free vegetable problem become increasingly conspicuous thereupon, high-toxic pesticide remains incessant after repeated prohibition, as " poisonous leek ", " green vegetables are fresh-keeping with dichlorvos " etc., vegetable safety ensures that difficulty is large, and vegetable safety causes anxiety.
And household vegetable-planting does not generally use agricultural chemicals, production be a kind of non-harmful food.Vegetables freshness on market is limited, and the vegetables of long storage time not only can nutritive loss, and can produce harmful substance, controls oneself personally not only fresh the vegetables of plantation, and can pluck at any time, and edible at any time, contained nutrition is higher.Household vegetable-planting is beautified the environment, air purification effect, is a kind of environmental protection, low-carbon (LC) project, releases the pressure for the people in city, loosens mood; Can allow children understand the Nature by household vegetable-planting, understand the biological knowledge of plant growth, cultivate children's manipulative ability, the sense of duty and love, just becoming urbanite's a hobby greatly, in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan and other countries and area very general.It meets the theory of city people pursuit " getting close to nature, green living ", and the trend that house is entered in vegetable garden by China arrives rapidly.
The leaf vegetables type is eaten raw with sweet potato and is referred to that doing homely vegetables with potato leaf, petiole, the tender tip eats, sweet, the matter cunning, good to eat, nutritious of distinguishing the flavor of.Contain abundant nutriment in the discovered in recent years Sweet Potato Leaf, it is the source of vitamin B2, mineral matter potassium, calcium, the Taiwan of the U.S., Japan, Korea S and China and Hong Kong and Macao are had a preference for especially to the Sweet Potato Leaf that has health care and eat purposes raw in recent years, with it as the edible demand expanding day of quality vegetables.The production method of traditional leaf vegetables type sweet potato is all to plant in the soil in land for growing field crops.In recent years, agri-scientific research personnel in all parts of the country are more for the breeding method research of results sweet potato root tuber, as the sweet potato root function, separate the aerial knot continuously of the cultivation potato device (patent No.: 200720190763).This device is provided with the nutrition liquid pool, the periphery of nutrition liquid pool and above be provided with support, be hung with some basin alms bowls on support, the basin alms bowl is built-in with the climing solid matrix of pile things on Sweet Potato, can realize the aerial potato of knot continuously.Atomising cultivation method of sweet potato (the patent No.: 200910077574), set up rack on cultivating groove top, the shower nozzle of being controlled by the self-timing spraying apparatus is installed in bottom, the rack top covers the field planting plate, the sweet potato plant is inserted field planting hole fix, and by shower nozzle, regularly sprays Nutrient Mist on root system, to provide nutriment and moisture for growth of sweet potato, the knot potato is many, and can produce continuously, and output significantly improves.The soilless culture leaf vegetable technology is quite ripe, large scale application in production practices at home and abroad, developed country in land resources, water resource anxiety widelys popularize especially, and the pollution-free vegetable of production is favored by the consumer deeply, accounts for a large amount of shares in market.But the soilless culture of leaf vegetables type sweet potato yet there are no report, studies very few.At present, the leaf vegetables type sweet potato seedling of selling on market mainly relies on the planting base far away apart from city to produce, arrive terminal market by the logistics cargo allocation that tosses about in bed several roads, arriving the consumer on hand, is not also a nothing the matter for the leaf vegetables type sweet potato that lives in crowded city people and will be able to eat fresh delicious food again.
Summary of the invention
, for leaf vegetables type sweet potato soilless culture in the solution prior art enters huge numbers of families' a difficult problem, provide a kind of safe, green, easy, high-quality and efficient family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato.
For solving its technical problem, family its process of soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato of the present invention (technical scheme) is as follows:
(1) prepare breeding arrangement;
(2) select high-quality leaf vegetables type sweet potato variety;
(3) cut seedling: select anosis worm, healthy and strong sweet potato seedling, cutting length is the top seedling of 12-18CM;
(4) cuttage: press the biology direction, clamp Sweet Potato and be fixed on fixedly on screw with plastic clip, to keep the potato seedling upright;
(5) cultivate: the top seedling of just having cut, owing to not being with root, first adding clear water and cultivates 3-5 days, after root is grown well, changes fresh clear water and adds the nutrient solution for preparing, and wait is gathered;
(6) gather: after adding nutrient solution, growth can be gathered in 8-13 days, stayed the long 10CM of stem left and right at the seedling base portion while gathering, and one coils (13 young plant) the 280-390 gram output of can gathering;
(7) the rear management of gathering: the 2-3 days after gathering, change fresh clear water and add the nutrient solution for preparing, grow and can gather again in 8-13 days, by that analogy, constantly repetition, can gather repeatedly.
Each cycle of gathering is only added one time of nutrition liquid, and liquid level is 2-4CM, and while being warm, the moisture absorption evaporation soon, regularly to observe from peep hole the situation that culture fluid consumes, and in time adds clear water maintenance level and is not less than 1CM.
Described nutrient solution prescription is: macroelement fertilizer is pressed flower the more No. 1 fertile 0.8-1.1g/L, potassium nitrate 0.8-1.1g/L, fertile calcium 200-250mg/L, magnesium 150-200mg/L, iron 25-30mg/L, zinc 5-10mg/L, copper 0.01-0.02mg/L, manganese 18-25mg/L, the boron 4-6mg/L of pressing of other elements.
A kind of breeding arrangement of the step (1) for the family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato, breeding arrangement comprises a disk body and a lid, and disk body and lid match, and fill mill water culture nutrient solution in disk body, and lid plays the cultivation supporting role; Be provided with strain hole, fixedly screw, peep hole on the lid face; Described strain hole is plum blossom point and distributes, and the spacing in the rows in strain hole is 14.5cm, and line-spacing is 14cm; Other being provided with for the fixing fixed screw of plant at strain hole place; Two broadsides at lid are provided with peep hole; Described disk body is long is 66cm, and wide is 36cm, and height is 6cm.
the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with prior art, huge numbers of families' resident directly can be in the family of oneself, utilize patent of the present invention to cultivate nuisanceless leaf vegetables type sweet potato seedling simplely, can pluck once by the leaf vegetables type sweet potato every 8-13 days (one-period) that the method is cultivated, output improves 17-23% than the normal soil cultivation, urban land resource is nervous, can allow people vegetables on oneself balcony is taken action on one's own kind in city, not only the fresh and healthy vegetables can be able to eat but also environmental protection beautifies home environment, take full advantage of family's space resources, the upper 3-5 dish of each family's kind both can guarantee to be able to eat weekly the fresh vegetables more than 2 times, have simple and easy to operate, cost is low, high-quality and efficient, plantation is convenient, the advantages such as results speed is fast, be adapted at planting on household balcony, has certain social economic value, the marketing prospect is very wide.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the family cultivator without soil of leaf vegetables type sweet potato of the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is the body structure schematic diagram of the family cultivator without soil of leaf vegetables type sweet potato of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cover body structure schematic diagram of the family cultivator without soil of leaf vegetables type sweet potato of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the family cultivator without soil cultivation effect of leaf vegetables type sweet potato of the present invention schematic cross-section.
Embodiment
Family its process of soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato of the present invention is as follows:
(1) prepare breeding arrangement;
(2) select high-quality leaf vegetables type sweet potato variety, as No. 18, good fortune dish potato, platform agriculture 71 etc.;
(3) cut seedling: select anosis worm, healthy and strong sweet potato seedling, cutting length is the end seedling 40 of 12-18CM;
(4) cuttage: press the biology direction, clamp potato seedling 40 base portion stems with plastic clip 26 climing and be fixed on fixedly on screw 25, to keep potato seedling 40 upright;
(5) cultivate: the top seedling 40 of just having cut, owing to not being with root, first adding clear water and cultivates 3-5 days, after root is grown well, changes fresh clear water and adds the nutrient solution 30 for preparing, and wait is gathered;
(6) gather: add the rear growth of nutrient solution 30 and can gather in 8-13 days, stay while gathering about the long 10CM of stem, one coils (13 young plant) the 280-390 gram output of can gathering;
(7) the rear management of gathering: the 2-3 days after gathering, change fresh clear water and add the nutrient solution 30 for preparing, wait for 8-13 days and can gather again, by that analogy, constantly repeat, can gather repeatedly, each cycle of gathering is only added one time of nutrition liquid 30, and liquid level is 2-4CM, and while being warm, the moisture absorption evaporation is fast, want regularly to observe the situation that culture fluid consumes from peep hole 23, in time add clear water and keep level to be not less than 1CM.
, for feasibility and the output of clear and definite leaf vegetables type sweet potato soilless culture, be below the campaign data:
The first, carried out 4 different gradient planting density tests, density Gao Shimiao looks modest, density is low can affect overall yield, determine that finally density is that seeding row spacing 14CM left and right is more suitable, in order to take full advantage of space, the strain hole 24 that this culture apparatus has also adopted blossom type to distribute.
The second, carried out the fertilization time test, because the top seedling of just having cut does not have root, through result of the test, fertilization time should allow seedling grow to 3-10 bar root after clear water is cultivated 3-5 days, and when root length had 4-8CM, fertilization effect was best.Apply fertilizer immediately after having carried out gathering and adopt after rear 2-3 days the comparative studies of applying fertilizer, result shows, applied fertilizer and look faster after gathering 2-3 days, output is higher, may be that the rear 2-3 days potato seedlings of gathering are restored, and sprouting sprouts, and absorbs and the fertilizer utilization better effects if.
The 3rd, carried out 5 variable concentrations fertilizer tests of macroelement in nutrient solution, result shows, when formula one: flower the more No. 1 hypertrophy in 1.6g/L, potassium nitrate during greater than 1.5g/L or fill a prescription two: flower is when the more No. 1 hypertrophy is in 3.3g/L, can cause fertilizer damage in various degree, the seedling jaundice, even withered; When formula one: flower the more No. 1 fertilizer less than 0.5g/L, potassium nitrate less than 0.5g/L, or fill a prescription two: flower is when the more No. 1 fertilizer is less than 1g/L, and fertile concentration is low, and poor growth yields poorly.
The 4th, carried out calcium, magnesium, iron and trace element zinc, copper, manganese, four groups of interpolation tests of boron, find that iron adds most important, otherwise, the seedling poor growth, jaundice is turned white.The micro-output of appropriate interpolation is higher, and the leaf look greener is and glossy, has determined finally to add combination and the concentration of Medium-microelements.
The 5th, demonstration testing., through above test, filter out the more excellent formula of leaf vegetables type sweet potato soilless culture fertilising for formula one and fill a prescription two.Carry out demonstration test on May 9th, 2012, with sweet potato top seedling as test material, plant 20 dishes (i.e. the breeding arrangement of invention) totally 260 seedlings with formula one, formula two soilless culture methods respectively, cultivate after 5 days roots are grown well and execute formula fertilizer until clear water, in planting rear 13 days (after executing formula fertilizer 8 days) results 10 dishes, remaining 10 coil in planting rear 18 days (after executing formula fertilizer 13 days) results.Normal soil cultivation 300 seedlings compare, gathered in the crops half in rear 13 days in planting, be left half in planting rear 18 days results, the results vine yield relatively in Table, result of the test: sweet potato top seedling was planted rear 13 days, and formula one, formula two soilless cultures increase by 23.3%, 18.4% than contrast normal soil cultivation output respectively; Planted rear 18 days, formula one, formula two soilless cultures increase by 17.9%, 8.6% than contrast normal soil cultivation output respectively.Determine that by testing leaf vegetables type sweet potato soilless culture fertilising optimization formula is formula one.
In above-mentioned test, formula one is: macroelement fertilizer is pressed flower the more No. 1 fertile 0.8-1.1g/L, potassium nitrate 0.8-1.1g/L, fertile calcium 200-250mg/L, magnesium 150-200mg/L, iron 25-30mg/L, zinc 5-10mg/L, copper 0.01-0.02mg/L, manganese 18-25mg/L, the boron 4-6mg/L of pressing of other elements.Formula two is: flower is No. 1 fertile 1.8-2.5g/L the more, fertile calcium 200-250mg/L, magnesium 150-200mg/L, iron 25-30mg/L, zinc 5-10mg/L, copper 0.01-0.02mg/L, manganese 18-25mg/L, the boron 4-6mg/L of pressing of other elements.
The cultivation of leaf vegetables type sweet potato soil is plucked the yield comparison table with the normal soil cultivation
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the leaf vegetables type sweet potato in above-mentioned steps 1 is family to be educated device without earth culture and comprises a disk body 10 and a lid 20, and disk body 10 and lid 20 match, and lid 20 covers disk body 10 upper end open.The length of disk body 10 is 66cm, and wide is 36cm, and height is 6cm, is used for placing nutrient solution 30 in disk body 10.Broadside 21 at lid 20 is 37.5cm, long limit 22 is 67.5cm, be respectively equipped with peep hole 23 at 20 liang of broadsides 21 of lid, peep hole 23 distance limits 22 are 10cm, the diameter of peep hole 23 is 6cm, peep hole 23 is used for observing the nutrient solution 30 liquid level situations in disk body 10, also can carry out liquid feeding and tapping simultaneously, the use in the time of also will being used for opening lid 20 simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, be provided with 13 strain holes 24 in lid 20, strain hole 24 is plum blossom point and distributes, the spacing in the rows in strain hole 24 is 14.5cm, and line-spacing is 14cm, and the diameter in strain hole 24 is 1.4cm, strain hole 24, edge is 11cm apart from broadside 21, and 24 distance limits 22, strain hole, edge are 4cm.Also be provided with near 24 places, strain hole for the fixing fixed screw 25 of plant, climing to clamp and be fixed on fixed screw 25 other with sweet potato seedling 40 base portion stems by plastic clip 26, make sweet potato seedling 40 ensure enough photosynthesis faces at when growth state of being kept upright, improve output.
in sum as can be known, the family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato of the present invention can cultivate non-harmful leaf vegetables type sweet potato seedling at short notice, can pluck once by the leaf vegetables type sweet potato every 8-13 days (one-period) that the method is cultivated, output improves 17-23% than the normal soil cultivation, urban land resource is nervous, can allow people vegetables on oneself balcony is taken action on one's own kind in city, not only the fresh and healthy vegetables can be able to eat but also environmental protection beautifies home environment, take full advantage of again family's space resources, the upper 3-5 dish of each family's kind both can guarantee to be able to eat weekly the fresh vegetables more than 2 times, have simple and easy to operate, cost is low, high-quality and efficient, plantation is convenient, the advantages such as results speed is fast, be adapted at planting on household balcony, has certain social economic value.
According to embodiments of the invention describing the present invention property and nonrestrictive description, but should be understood that in the situation that do not break away from relevant protection domain defined by the claims, those skilled in the art can make change and/or revise.
Claims (4)
1. family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato, its process is as follows:
(1) prepare breeding arrangement;
(2) select high-quality leaf vegetables type sweet potato variety;
(3) cut seedling: select anosis worm, healthy and strong sweet potato seedling, cutting length is the top seedling of 12-18CM;
(4) cuttage: press the biology direction, clamp Sweet Potato and be fixed on fixedly on screw with plastic clip, to keep the potato seedling upright;
(5) cultivate: the top seedling of just having cut, owing to not being with root, first adding clear water and cultivates 3-5 days, after root is grown well, changes fresh clear water and adds the nutrient solution for preparing, and wait is gathered;
(6) gather: after adding nutrient solution, growth can be gathered in 8-13 days, stayed the long 10CM of stem left and right at the seedling base portion while gathering, and one coils (13 young plant) the 280-390 gram output of can gathering;
(7) the rear management of gathering: the 2-3 days after gathering, change fresh clear water and add the nutrient solution for preparing, grow and can gather again in 8-13 days, by that analogy, constantly repetition, can gather repeatedly.
2. the family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: only add one time of nutrition liquid in each cycle of gathering, liquid level is 2-4CM, while being warm, the moisture absorption evaporation is fast, want regularly to observe the situation that culture fluid consumes from peep hole, in time add clear water and keep level to be not less than 1CM.
3. the family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that above-mentioned nutrient solution prescription is: macroelement fertilizer is pressed flower the more No. 1 fertile 0.8-1.1g/L, potassium nitrate 0.8-1.1g/L, fertile calcium 200-250mg/L, magnesium 150-200mg/L, iron 25-30mg/L, zinc 5-10mg/L, copper 0.01-0.02mg/L, manganese 18-25mg/L, the boron 4-6mg/L of pressing of other elements.
4. breeding arrangement that is used for the step (1) of the family soilless culture breeding method of leaf vegetables type sweet potato claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: breeding arrangement comprises a disk body and a lid, disk body and lid match, and fill mill water culture nutrient solution in disk body, and lid plays the cultivation supporting role; Be provided with strain hole, fixedly screw, peep hole on the lid face; Described strain hole is plum blossom point and distributes, and the spacing in the rows in strain hole is 14.5cm, and line-spacing is 14cm; Other being provided with for the fixing fixed screw of plant at strain hole place; Two broadsides at lid are provided with peep hole; Described disk body is long is 66cm, and wide is 36cm, and height is 6cm.
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| CN103891612A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Rapid tissue propagation method of leaf type sweet potatoes |
| CN104145641A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-19 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Method for increasing differentiation rate and improving uprightness of buds of ipomoea batatas used as leaf vegetable in winter greenhouse |
| CN104303969A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 临沂大学 | Chinese rose water planting cutting propagation method |
| CN105104139A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots |
| CN105393902A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-16 | 广西佳联达生态农业发展有限责任公司 | Jade sweet potato leaf soilless culturing method |
| CN106912364A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-07-04 | 东莞新净源净化设备有限公司 | Cultivation case and the clarifier with the cultivation case |
| CN107278867A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of breeding method of sweet potato seedling |
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| CN103891612B (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | A kind of leaf type sweet potato organizes method for quickly breeding |
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| CN104145641A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-19 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Method for increasing differentiation rate and improving uprightness of buds of ipomoea batatas used as leaf vegetable in winter greenhouse |
| CN104303969A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 临沂大学 | Chinese rose water planting cutting propagation method |
| CN105104139A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots |
| CN105393902A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-16 | 广西佳联达生态农业发展有限责任公司 | Jade sweet potato leaf soilless culturing method |
| CN106912364A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-07-04 | 东莞新净源净化设备有限公司 | Cultivation case and the clarifier with the cultivation case |
| CN107278867A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of breeding method of sweet potato seedling |
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| CN111149553B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2022-03-22 | 徐州蔬客达农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation box applied to sweet potato three-dimensional matrix cultivation frame |
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