CN103583243A - Cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of plant grafting. The method includes selecting a piece of nursery land; settling the nursery land; producing seedbeds; selecting and processing rootstock seeds; cultivating rootstock seedlings; managing growth of the rootstock seeds; grafting; managing grafted seedlings; controlling plant diseases and insect pests; and grading the rootstock seedlings. According to the technical field, the method has the advantages that the survival rates of the rootstock seedlings and grafted trees are high, the ability to propagate is high, growth is fast, life is long, uniformity is high, overall management is easy to realize, the yield of milk jujubes is increased, and maturity periods of final fruits can be guaranteed being consistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings.
Background
Milk jujube is also called green jujube. Is an excellent tropical and subtropical rare fruit. The fruit shape is beautiful, so the fruit has the flavors of apple, pear and jujube, is rich in nutrition, and has the health-care functions of purifying blood, helping digestion, beautifying, and the like. The fresh food has crisp, tender and juicy meat, high sweetness, good taste and unique flavor, so the fresh food is in the beauty of 'eating three jujubes by day, being old for a long time' and 'vitamin pill'. The maximum amount of vitamins in the fresh jujubes is 243mg/100g, which is 62mg/100g more than that of the kiwi fruits. Vitamin C is an antioxidant, and has effects of preventing iron deficiency anemia, promoting wound healing, preventing allergy, and reducing cholesterol. .
The milk jujube tree has strong vigor, high tree body, high yield and high yield. The fruits are long cylindrical, the fruits are uniform and large, the average fruit weight is 15-20 g, and the maximum fruit weight is 55 g. The fresh jujube has crisp pulp, moderate juice, 27.9 percent of soluble solid and high fresh food quality. The core is small, long, thin and flat, the edible rate is 96.9%, and the core is mature in the last 9 months. The soil adaptability is strong, and calcareous clay soil, red-yellow clay soil and alluvial sandy loam soil can grow well. The drought resistance is strong. The variety is excellent in fresh eating, candied date and red date. Is one of the most excellent Chinese date varieties in the south.
Various functions of milk jujubes enable the milk jujubes to become hot-market products for planting, production, processing and sale, but at present, a mature, systematic, professional and good-effect milk jujube grafting cultivation technology does not exist, milk jujubes produced by the current jujube tree cultivation technologies in various places have large taste difference and low survival rate, the total yield of the milk jujubes cannot meet the requirements of the market far away, the milk jujubes are in the current situation of short supply and short demand, the quality of the produced milk jujubes is not very high, and the sweetness and the glossiness of the milk jujubes are not very high, so that in order to meet the requirements of the market and improve the quality of the milk jujubes, a milk jujube grafting seedling cultivation method is required.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing at present, the invention provides the method for cultivating the milk jujube grafted seedlings, which has high survival rate, strong reproductive capacity, fast growth and long service life.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a nursery land; (2) preparing nursery lands; (3) manufacturing a seedbed; (4) selecting and treating stock seedling seeds; (5) cultivating stock seedlings; (6) managing the growth of stock seedlings; (7) grafting; (8) managing grafted seedlings; (9) pest control; (10) grading grafted seedlings; wherein,
the nursery garden land preparation step comprises soil disinfection and base fertilizer application, wherein the soil disinfection is that 5-6 kg of 70% of thiophanate methyl or 50% of thiram is adopted per mu; the base fertilizer is applied by uniformly applying decomposed farmyard manure of 3t or rapeseed cakes and 50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to each mu of land;
the selection and treatment steps of the stock seedling seeds are as follows: seed kernel sowing or seed kernel sowing is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months, seeds are soaked for 48 hours in warm water before the seed kernel sowing and the seed kernel sowing, then the seeds are soaked for 1 hour in 1500 times of potassium permanganate solution, then the seeds are washed with clear water, drained and placed in a heat-preservation container for heat preservation and germination acceleration, wherein the seed kernels are soaked for germination acceleration in advance by 1 month, and the seed kernels are soaked for germination acceleration in advance by 7 days;
the seedling cultivation steps are as follows: selecting container seedling culture or sand bed seedling culture or direct seeding seedling culture; the container seedling raising comprises nutrient soil preparation, selection and use of nutrient bags and container seedling return to nursery, wherein the nutrient soil consists of 60% of pond sludge, 37% of plant ash soil, 2% of phosphate fertilizer and 1% of decomposed rapeseed cakes, the diameter of each nutrient bag is 4-6 cm, and the height of each nutrient bag is 14-16 cm; the sand bed seedling raising comprises sand bed building and bud seedling returning, wherein the sand bed is 1-1.2 m long and 10-15 cm wide, medium-grain river sand with the thickness of 10-16 cm is paved in the bed, the seed kernels or kernel seeds which are subjected to germination accelerating are scattered, the seed intervals are 1-2 cm, then sand is covered for 1-1.2 cm, watering is carried out, and an arch shed is covered; the direct seeding and seedling raising is to lift the seedbed to form deep ditches of 12-15 cm, arrange the seeds or kernels with germination acceleration in the ditches regularly at the distance of 12-15 cm, cover with fine soil, permeate water and cover with mulching film.
Further, mechanical or manual digging is adopted in the step (3), the digging depth is 25-30 cm, and then a seedbed which is 1-1.5 m wide, 10-15 m long and 20-30 cm deep in a ditch and convenient to drain or irrigate is manufactured.
Further, the step (6) comprises weeding, seedling topdressing and pinching, wherein the seedling topdressing is applied by irrigating 14-16 kg of urea per mu, and pinching is performed when the seedling grows to 40 cm.
Further, the step (7) comprises grafting time, scion picking of a mother tree and scion grafting, wherein the grafting time is 20-5 months and 20 days in spring, seedling seedbed stock seedling grafting is selected, seedling cultivation is selected for 20-7 months and 20 days in summer and autumn, seedling cultivation in the same year is selected, the length of the scion is 10-15 cm, and the grafting method adopts bark grafting or inarching.
Further, the step (8) comprises the steps of supplementing and connecting, removing sprouts, cutting stocks, unbinding, protecting seedlings, topdressing and pinching.
Further, in the step (9), 1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl is sprayed once every 10 days when the stock seedlings come out of the soil.
Furthermore, the whole growth process adopts local fracture deep spring water for irrigation and water permeation, and the fracture deep spring water is spring water with the water depth of 150 meters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical scheme has the following advantages: the survival rate of stock seedlings and grafted fruit trees is high, the reproductive capacity is strong, the growth is fast, the service life is long, the uniformity is high, the comprehensive management is easy, the yield of milk jujubes can be increased, and the final fruit maturation period can be kept consistent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process of the method for cultivating grafted seedlings according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a nursery land; (2) preparing nursery lands; (3) manufacturing a seedbed; (4) selecting and treating stock seedling seeds; (5) cultivating stock seedlings; (6) managing the growth of stock seedlings; (7) grafting; (8) managing grafted seedlings; (9) pest control; (10) and (4) grading grafted seedlings.
Example (b): (1) selecting a nursery land: selecting a farmland which has flat terrain and deep soil layer and is convenient to drain and irrigate in the milk jujube nursery; (2) and (3) nursery land preparation: disinfecting the soil and applying base fertilizer to the selected nursery lands, wherein the disinfection of the soil is realized by spraying 70 percent of thiophanate methyl per mu to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests; applying base fertilizer, namely uniformly spreading the base fertilizer in a nursery land by using decomposed farmyard manure for 3t per mu; (3) manufacturing a seedbed: after the fertilizer is applied, mechanically digging the nursery land, wherein the digging depth is 28cm, the fertilizer is ensured to be uniformly mixed with soil, then manufacturing a seedbed which is 1.2m wide, 10 m long, 25cm deep and convenient to drain or irrigate, and the seedbed is thin and flat in soil, smooth in side ditches and convenient to drain and irrigate; (4) selecting and treating stock seedling seeds: selecting seeds fully mature in the same year, wherein the seeds are full and uniform in size, seeding the seeds in ten days of 3 months, soaking the seeds in warm water for 48 hours before seeding the seeds, wherein the water is fracture deep spring water which is spring water with the water depth of 150 meters, is sweet, delicious, pollution-free and pure natural, soaking the seeds in 1500 times of potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour, cleaning the seeds with the fracture deep spring water, draining the seeds, placing the seeds in a heat-preservation container for heat preservation and germination acceleration, and timely seeding when the seeds break the mouth and expose white, wherein the seeds are soaked for germination acceleration 1 month before seeding; (5) stock seedling cultivation: adopting a container to cultivate seedlings for the seeds which have been subjected to germination acceleration, wherein the container seedling cultivation comprises nutrient soil configuration and nutrient bag selection, the nutrient soil consists of pond sludge 60%, plant ash soil 37%, phosphate fertilizer 2% and decomposed rapeseed cakes 1%, the diameter of each nutrient bag is 5cm, the height of each nutrient bag is 15cm, the nutrient bags filled with the nutrient soil are arranged in a row in a flat nursery land 12 to form furrows, each bag is planted with one seed core which has been subjected to germination acceleration and is white, the depth of each seed core is 1cm, crack deep spring water is poured after soil covering, a small arched shed is covered, and the seedlings are transferred to the nursery land to be cultivated when the seedlings grow to 5-6 new leaves; (6) stock seedling growth management: weeding is carried out in time in the seedling growth process, weeding is carried out once a month generally, 15kg of urea is applied to each mu, branches of the stock seedlings are touched in time in the growth process, the seedlings are observed once about 7 days generally, pinching is carried out when the seedlings grow to 40cm, the side branches of the stock seedlings are ensured to be developed and full, pinching must be carried out on sunny days, and the wounds are easy to rot due to high humidity in rainy days; (7) grafting: selecting spring for grafting seedling survival seedbed stock seedlings for 20 days in 4-5 months and 20 days, selecting robust mother trees with milk jujube trees, good yield, uniform jujube fruit size and milk white peel without insect pests for scion picking, wherein the cutting length of the scion is 12cm, and then grafting by bark grafting; (8) managing grafted seedlings: timely replanting the scions which are not alive or yellow and dry and flat, germinating a plurality of branch heads of the grafted scions, selecting well-grown branch heads to be left, removing the rest, timely removing binding tapes when the joints are healed 20 days after grafting, standing the grafted seedlings when the grafted seedlings grow to 30cm for seedling protection, topdressing 20kg of urea every 20 days every mu of the grafted seedlings during the growth period, applying 20kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer every mu 10 days before autumn, promoting the lignification of the seedlings, and pinching to control the height and the thickness of the grafted seedlings when the grafted seedlings grow to 1 m; (9) and (3) pest control: spraying 1500-fold liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl once every 10 days when stock seedlings come out of the soil, preventing stock seedling blight, and preventing damages such as jujube armyworm by early insecticide spraying during the growth period of grafted seedlings; (10) grading grafted seedlings: the method is characterized in that the method is classified into a first-level method, a second-level method and a third-level method according to the straightness of stems and the development of roots of grafted seedlings and the prevention and control effect of plant diseases and insect pests, and the first-level jujubes have the best quality, taste and color uniformity.
The above list is only one embodiment of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a nursery land; (2) preparing nursery lands; (3) manufacturing a seedbed; (4) selecting and treating stock seedling seeds; (5) cultivating stock seedlings; (6) managing the growth of stock seedlings; (7) grafting; (8) managing grafted seedlings; (9) pest control; (10) grading grafted seedlings; wherein,
the nursery garden land preparation step comprises soil disinfection and base fertilizer application, wherein the soil disinfection is that 5-6 kg of 70% of thiophanate methyl or 50% of thiram is adopted per mu; the base fertilizer is applied by uniformly applying decomposed farmyard manure of 3t or rapeseed cakes and 50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to each mu of land;
the selection and treatment steps of the stock seedling seeds are as follows: seed kernel sowing or seed kernel sowing is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months, seeds are soaked for 48 hours in warm water before the seed kernel sowing and the seed kernel sowing, then the seeds are soaked for 1 hour in 1500 times of potassium permanganate solution, then the seeds are washed with clear water, drained and placed in a heat-preservation container for heat preservation and germination acceleration, wherein the seed kernels are soaked for germination acceleration in advance by 1 month, and the seed kernels are soaked for germination acceleration in advance by 7 days;
the seedling cultivation steps are as follows: selecting container seedling culture or sand bed seedling culture or direct seeding seedling culture; the container seedling raising comprises nutrient soil preparation, selection and use of nutrient bags and container seedling return to nursery, wherein the nutrient soil consists of 60% of pond sludge, 37% of plant ash soil, 2% of phosphate fertilizer and 1% of decomposed rapeseed cakes, the diameter of each nutrient bag is 4-6 cm, and the height of each nutrient bag is 14-16 cm; the sand bed seedling raising comprises sand bed building and bud seedling returning, wherein the sand bed is 1-1.2 m long and 10-15 cm wide, medium-grain river sand with the thickness of 10-16 cm is paved in the bed, the seed kernels or kernel seeds which are subjected to germination accelerating are scattered, the seed intervals are 1-2 cm, then sand is covered for 1-1.2 cm, watering is carried out, and an arch shed is covered; the direct seeding and seedling raising is to lift the seedbed to form deep ditches of 12-15 cm, arrange the seeds or kernels with germination acceleration in the ditches regularly at the distance of 12-15 cm, cover with fine soil, permeate water and cover with mulching film.
2. A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) mechanically or manually digging, wherein the digging depth is 25-30 cm, and then manufacturing the seedbed which is 1-1.5 m wide, 10-15 m long and 20-30 cm deep in the ditch and is convenient for drainage or irrigation.
3. A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the step (6) comprises weeding, seedling topdressing and pinching, wherein the seedling topdressing is applied by irrigating with 14-16 kg of urea per mu, and pinching is performed when the seedling grows to 40 cm.
4. A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (7) comprises grafting time, scion picking of a mother tree and scion grafting, wherein the grafting time is 20-5 months and 20 days in spring, seedling seedbed stock seedling grafting is selected, seedling cultivation is selected for 20-10 months and 20 days in summer and autumn, seedling cultivation in the same year is selected, the length of the scion is 10-15 cm, and the grafting method adopts bark grafting or inarching.
5. A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the step (8) comprises the steps of supplementing and connecting, removing sprouts, cutting stocks, unbinding, protecting seedlings, topdressing and pinching.
6. A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (9) spraying 1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl once every 10 days when the stock seedlings come out of the soil.
7. A cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the whole growth process adopts fissure deep spring water for irrigation and water permeation, and the fissure deep spring water is spring water with the water depth of 150 m.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103947501A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | High-yield afforestation planting method of high-quality milk jujube |
| CN103947466A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | Method for cultivating high-quality milk jujube grafted seedlings |
| CN105123376A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Rapid manufacturing method for a bonsai of a fruit tree with fruit |
| CN105875341A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-24 | 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 | Planting method for interplanting among milk dates |
| CN105961124A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-09-28 | 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 | Environment-friendly type culturing method of milk date stock grafted seedlings |
| CN108703028A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-26 | 铜陵美味经果林种植专业合作社 | A method of utilizing ecosystem moso bamboo cultivation container Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve |
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