CN103583243A - Cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN103583243A CN103583243A CN201310521618.8A CN201310521618A CN103583243A CN 103583243 A CN103583243 A CN 103583243A CN 201310521618 A CN201310521618 A CN 201310521618A CN 103583243 A CN103583243 A CN 103583243A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of milk jujube grafted seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of plant grafting. The method includes selecting a piece of nursery land; settling the nursery land; producing seedbeds; selecting and processing rootstock seeds; cultivating rootstock seedlings; managing growth of the rootstock seeds; grafting; managing grafted seedlings; controlling plant diseases and insect pests; and grading the rootstock seedlings. According to the technical field, the method has the advantages that the survival rates of the rootstock seedlings and grafted trees are high, the ability to propagate is high, growth is fast, life is long, uniformity is high, overall management is easy to realize, the yield of milk jujubes is increased, and maturity periods of final fruits can be guaranteed being consistent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant graft technical field, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of milk jujube grafting.
Background technology
Milk jujube is also blue or green jujube.A kind of good torrid zone, the rare fruit in subtropics.Due to its fruit shape grace, the local flavor of tool apple, pears, jujube is nutritious, has to purify the blood, and helps digest the health-care effects such as skin maintenance.Eat the tender and crisp succulence of meat raw, sugariness is high, and mouthfeel is good, unique flavor, thereby have saying of " solar eclipse three jujubes, alive for evermore ", the laudatory title of " vitamin pill ".The highest 243mg/100g of vitamin in fresh jujube, than kiwi fruit 62mg/100g.Vitamin C is a kind of antioxidant, has prevention hypoferric anemia, promotes the effects such as wound healing, Polyglucan, reduction cholesterol.。
Milk jujube tree gesture is strong, and tree height is large, output is high, high yield.Fruit elongated cylindrical, fruit is evenly individual, larger, Mean Fruit Weight 15-20 gram, maximum 55 grams.Fresh jujube meat is delicate, and juice is medium, and containing soluble solid 27.9%, fresh food quality is first-class.Core is little elongated and flat, edible rate 96.9%, and early September is ripe.Adaptability of soil is strong, and calcium carbonate is glued the sticky earth of earth, reddish yellow, fluvial sand loam all can well be grown.Drought resistance is strong.This kind is eaten raw, candied date processed, red date are splendid.For one of the best date kind in south.
The various functions of milk jujube make it become a kind of plantation, production and processing, the hot-sale products of selling, but go back at present neither one maturation, system, professional and effective milk jujube engrafting and cultivating technology, the milk jujube taste that the current various places jujube tree technology of cultivating is produced differs greatly, survival rate is low, the gross yield of milk jujube can not meet the needs in market far away, in the present situation that supply falls short of demand, the quality of the milk jujube of producing is not very high, the sugariness of milk jujube and glossiness neither be very high, therefore in order to meet the demand in market, improve the quality of jujube tree milk jujube, a kind of grafting breeding method of milk jujube need be provided.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above of current existence, the invention provides the breeding method of the milk jujube grafting that a kind of survival rate is high, fertility strong, growth is fast, the life-span is long.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A breeding method for milk jujube grafting, comprises the following steps: (1) nursery lot is selected; (2) the whole work of nursery lot; (3) seedbed makes; (4) selection of anvil seed and processing; (5) anvil seedling seedling culture; (6) anvil seedling growth of seedling management; (7) grafting; (8) management of grafting; (9) extermination of disease and insect pest; (10) grafting classification; Wherein,
Described nursery lot is whole to be comprised soil disinfection and applies base fertilizer as step, and soil disinfection is the thiophanate methyl of every mu of employing 70% or tmtd 5 ~ 6kg of 50%; Applying base fertilizer is that farmyard manure 3t or the colza cake 300kg that every mu of employing is become thoroughly decomposed adds compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg, evenly applies in ground, garden;
Selection and the treatment step of described anvil seed are: select early March carry out kind of core sowing or plant benevolence sowing, plant core sowing and all adopt water seed soaking 48 hours with kind benevolence sowing pre-treatment, again with 1500 times of liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 1 hour, then cool-bag insulation vernalization is cleaned, drains and be placed in to clear water, wherein, plant core and will shift to an earlier date 1 month presoaking and germinating, plant benevolence 7 days presoaking and germinatings in advance;
Described seedling culture step is: select container nursery or husky bed to grow seedlings or direct sowing and seedling; Wherein, container nursery comprises selection and use and the container seedling Gui Pu of Nutrition Soil configuration, nutritious bag, and Nutrition Soil is comprised of pond sludge 60%, vegetation dirt 37%, phosphate fertilizer 2% and the colza cake 1% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, nutritious bag diameter 4 ~ 6cm, high 14～16cm; Husky bed is grown seedlings and is comprised husky bed construction and bud seedling Gui Pu, the long 1 ~ 1.2m of husky bed, and wide 10～15cm, spreads the middle grain river sand that 10 ~ 16cm is thick in bed, spread the kind core of vernalization or plant benevolence seed, and seed interval 1～2cm, then covers husky 1 ~ 1.2cm thick, waters and covers shed; Direct sowing and seedling is that 12 ~ 15cm zanjon is raised in seedbed, and ditch, apart from 25 ~ 35cm, is neatly arranged the kind core of vernalization or kind benevolence in ditch, plants apart from 12～15cm, covers fine earth, permeable and covering with plastic film.
Further, described step (3) adopts machinery or manually digs, and digging the degree of depth is 25 ~ 30cm, then makes wide 1 ~ 1.5m, long 10 ~ 15 m, ditch depth 20 ~ 30cm and be convenient to draining or the seedbed of irrigation.
Further, described step (6) comprises that weeding, seedling topdress and touch fork pinching, and wherein, seedling is topdressed and adopts every mu of 14 ~ 16kg urea pouring fertilising, carries out pinching when seedling grows to 40cm.
Further, described step (7) comprises that grafting time, elite stand adopt fringe, scion grafting method, wherein, 20 ~ May 20 April is selected in grafting time spring grafting, selection is grown directly from seeds and is stayed an anvil seedling grafting, and 20 ~ October 20 July is selected in grafting summer and autumn, selects the seedling of cultivating then, scion length is 10～15cm, and grafting method adopts cortex grafting or is abutted against.
Further, described step (8) comprise mend connect, except sprouting, cutting, anvil, solution are tied up, seedling-protection, topdress and pinching.
Further, step (9) when anvil seedling comes up with 1500 times of sprayings of 70% thiophanate methyl, every 10 days once.
Further, whole process of growth all adopts the dark spring in local crack to water and is permeable, and the dark spring in this crack is the spring of 150 meters of the depth of waters.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt above technical scheme to have the following advantages: after anvil seedling and grafting, the survival rate of fruit tree is high, and fertility is strong, growth is fast, life-span is long, and regularity is high, is easy to comprehensive management, the output of milk jujube can increase, and can guarantee that the maturing stage of final fruit is consistent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is grafting breeding method process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
A breeding method for milk jujube grafting, comprises the following steps: (1) nursery lot is selected; (2) the whole work of nursery lot; (3) seedbed makes; (4) selection of anvil seed and processing; (5) anvil seedling seedling culture; (6) anvil seedling growth of seedling management; (7) grafting; (8) management of grafting; (9) extermination of disease and insect pest; (10) grafting classification.
Embodiment: (1) nursery lot is selected: milk jujube nursery is selected physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep sandy soil and draining, irrigated farmland easily; (2) the whole work of nursery lot: the nursery lot choosing is carried out soil disinfection and applies base fertilizer, and soil disinfection is every mu and adopts 70% thiophanate methyl sprinkling, prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Applying base fertilizer is the farmyard manure 3t that every mu of employing is become thoroughly decomposed, and evenly applies in ground, garden; (3) seedbed makes: after fertilizer is executed, adopt machinery to dig nursery lot, the degree of depth digging is 28cm, guarantee that fertilizer evenly mixes with soil, then make wide 1.2m, long 10 m, ditch depth 25cm and be convenient to draining or the seedbed of irrigation, seedbed soil is thin, smooth, and gutter is unimpeded, is convenient to draining and irrigates; (4) selection of anvil seed and processing: choosing is abundant ripe kind core then, plant core full, size evenly, be chosen in early March and carry out kind of a core sowing, plant core sowing pre-treatment and adopt water seed soaking 48 hours, water quality is the dark spring in crack, the dark spring in this crack is the spring of 150 meters of the depth of waters, sweet good to eat, pollution-free, pure natural, again with 1500 times of liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 1 hour, then adopt the dark spring in crack to clean, drain and be placed in cool-bag insulation vernalization, when kind of core is broken, chew sowing in time while showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, plant core and will shift to an earlier date prior to seeding 1 month presoaking and germinating; (5) anvil seedling seedling culture: the kind core of vernalization is adopted to container nursery, container nursery comprises the selection of Nutrition Soil configuration and nutritious bag, Nutrition Soil is comprised of pond sludge 60%, vegetation dirt 37%, phosphate fertilizer 2% and the colza cake 1% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, nutritious bag diameter 5cm, high 15cm, by the nutritious bag that installs Nutrition Soil at smooth 12 the several rows of furrow of putting in ground, garden, plant one of the kind core that vernalization shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally for every bag, dark 1cm, after blinding, water the dark spring in crack, cover little shed, seedling is moved on to nursery lot when seedling grows to 5 ~ 6 young leaves and cultivate; (6) anvil seedling growth of seedling management: growth of seedling process is wanted timely weeding, generally monthly weeding is once, execute 15kg urea for every mu, anvil seedling process of growth will be touched debranching wooden fork in time, within general about 7 days, observes once, wants pinching when seedling grows to 40cm, guarantee that anvil seedling collateral development is flourishing, plentiful, and pinching must be chosen to be at sunnyly day, because overcast and rainy humidity is high, wound easily rots; (7) grafting: select spring grafting 20 ~ May of April 20 to grow directly from seeds and stay an anvil seedling, select milk jujube tree yielding ability good, evenly, pericarp off-white color is adopted fringe without the healthy and strong elite stand of insect pest to jujube fruit size, the intercepted length of scion is 12cm, then adopts cortex grafting to carry out grafting; (8) management of grafting: to not taking over a job or jaundice, shrivelled scion are filled the gaps with seedlings in time, a plurality of ends of the branch of scion meeting eruption after grafting, select the good end of the branch of growing way to stay, all the other excisions, when within after grafting 20 days, interface heals, timely solution is removed binding strap, vertical rod seedling-protection when seedling to be grafted grows to 30cm, grafting growing period every 20 days every mu impose 20kg urea, every mu of first 10 days of the beginning of autumn execute compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg, promote nursery stock lignification, when grafting grows to 1 meter high, want the high short girth growth of pinching control; (9) extermination of disease and insect pest: when anvil seedling comes up with 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 70% thiophanate methyl, every 10 days once, anti-anvil seedling blight, grafting note vegetative period going and buy Chinese medicine the in advance harm of prevention jujube fruit borer etc.; (10) grafting classification: according to grafting stem straightness, whether root system development is good, and the control efficiency of damage by disease and insect is carried out classification, is divided into one-level, secondary and three grades, and the quality of one-level jujube, mouthfeel, the color and luster uniformity are best.
What more than enumerate is only a specific embodiment of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, can also have many distortion.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a breeding method for milk jujube grafting, is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of: (1) nursery lot is selected; (2) the whole work of nursery lot; (3) seedbed makes; (4) selection of anvil seed and processing; (5) anvil seedling seedling culture; (6) anvil seedling growth of seedling management; (7) grafting; (8) management of grafting; (9) extermination of disease and insect pest; (10) grafting classification; Wherein,
Described nursery lot is whole to be comprised soil disinfection and applies base fertilizer as step, and soil disinfection is the thiophanate methyl of every mu of employing 70% or tmtd 5 ~ 6kg of 50%; Applying base fertilizer is that farmyard manure 3t or the colza cake 300kg that every mu of employing is become thoroughly decomposed adds compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg, evenly applies in ground, garden;
Selection and the treatment step of described anvil seed are: be chosen in early March and carry out kind of core sowing or plant benevolence sowing, plant core sowing and all adopt water seed soaking 48 hours with kind benevolence sowing pre-treatment, again with 1500 times of liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 1 hour, then cool-bag insulation vernalization is cleaned, drains and be placed in to clear water, wherein, plant core and will shift to an earlier date 1 month presoaking and germinating, plant benevolence 7 days presoaking and germinatings in advance;
Described seedling culture step is: select container nursery or husky bed to grow seedlings or direct sowing and seedling; Wherein, container nursery comprises selection and use and the container seedling Gui Pu of Nutrition Soil configuration, nutritious bag, and Nutrition Soil is comprised of pond sludge 60%, vegetation dirt 37%, phosphate fertilizer 2% and the colza cake 1% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, nutritious bag diameter 4 ~ 6cm, high 14～16cm; Husky bed is grown seedlings and is comprised husky bed construction and bud seedling Gui Pu, the long 1 ~ 1.2m of husky bed, and wide 10～15cm, spreads the middle grain river sand that 10 ~ 16cm is thick in bed, spread the kind core of vernalization or plant benevolence seed, and seed interval 1～2cm, then covers husky 1 ~ 1.2cm thick, waters and covers shed; Direct sowing and seedling is that 12 ~ 15cm zanjon is raised in seedbed, and ditch, apart from 25 ~ 35cm, is neatly arranged the kind core of vernalization or kind benevolence in ditch, plants apart from 12～15cm, covers fine earth, permeable and covering with plastic film.
2. the breeding method of milk jujube grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (3) adopts machinery or manually digs, and digging the degree of depth is 25 ~ 30cm, then makes wide 1 ~ 1.5m, long 10 ~ 15 m, ditch depth 20 ~ 30cm and be convenient to draining or the seedbed of irrigation.
3. the breeding method of milk jujube grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (6) comprises that weeding, seedling topdress and touch fork pinching, wherein, seedling is topdressed and adopts every mu of 14 ~ 16kg urea pouring fertilising, carries out pinching when seedling grows to 40cm.
4. the breeding method of milk jujube grafting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (7) comprises that grafting time, elite stand adopt fringe, scion grafting method, wherein, 20 ~ May 20 April is selected in grafting time spring grafting, selection is grown directly from seeds and is stayed an anvil seedling grafting, and 20 ~ October 20 July is selected in grafting summer and autumn, selects the seedling of cultivating then, scion length is 10～15cm, and grafting method adopts cortex grafting or is abutted against.
5. the breeding method of milk jujube grafting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (8) comprise mend connect, except sprouting, cutting, anvil, solution are tied up, seedling-protection, topdress and pinching.
6. the breeding method of milk jujube grafting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (9) when anvil seedling comes up with 1500 times of sprayings of 70% thiophanate methyl, every 10 days once.
7. according to the breeding method of the milk jujube grafting described in claim 1-6 any one, it is characterized in that: whole process of growth all adopts the dark spring in crack to water and be permeable, and the dark spring in this crack is the spring of 150 meters of the depth of waters.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103947501A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | High-yield afforestation planting method of high-quality milk jujube |
| CN103947466A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | Method for cultivating high-quality milk jujube grafted seedlings |
| CN105123376A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Rapid manufacturing method for a bonsai of a fruit tree with fruit |
| CN105875341A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-24 | 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 | Planting method for interplanting among milk dates |
| CN105961124A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-09-28 | 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 | Environment-friendly type culturing method of milk date stock grafted seedlings |
| CN108703028A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-26 | 铜陵美味经果林种植专业合作社 | A method of utilizing ecosystem moso bamboo cultivation container Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103947501A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | High-yield afforestation planting method of high-quality milk jujube |
| CN103947466A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 徐华龙 | Method for cultivating high-quality milk jujube grafted seedlings |
| CN105123376A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Rapid manufacturing method for a bonsai of a fruit tree with fruit |
| CN105875341A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-24 | 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 | Planting method for interplanting among milk dates |
| CN105961124A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-09-28 | 郎溪县侯村蜜枣场 | Environment-friendly type culturing method of milk date stock grafted seedlings |
| CN108703028A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-26 | 铜陵美味经果林种植专业合作社 | A method of utilizing ecosystem moso bamboo cultivation container Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve |
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