CN102907262B - Grafting cultivation method of jujube tree - Google Patents
Grafting cultivation method of jujube tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN102907262B CN102907262B CN201210403032.7A CN201210403032A CN102907262B CN 102907262 B CN102907262 B CN 102907262B CN 201210403032 A CN201210403032 A CN 201210403032A CN 102907262 B CN102907262 B CN 102907262B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting cultivation method of a jujube tree. The grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps of: cultivating good-quality scion seedlings, wherein a local wild jujube tree at Fuyang of Anhui province is used as stock, scions are cultivated annual jujube twigs without plant diseases or insect pests, the pitch is required to be short, and plant diseases and insect pests are avoided; shearing the twigs into sections of 5-7 cm and holding in a thermal bag for grafting, wherein the method is mainly based on cleft grafting and is convenient to operate, the port is firm, and the twigs are easy to survive; performing fixed cavity transplanting on the grafted and survived jujube twig seedlings; shearing off the twigs with plant diseases and insect pests before germination; scrapping old bark to facilitate survival; and strictly managing the florescence of the jujube tree and the maturation phase of the jujube. According to the grafting cultivation method, the jujube tree is obtained through breeding and grafting of local good-quality variety, the jujube tree grows strongly, the twigs are fine and the leaves are small, stable and high yield and prematurity are realized, fruit sitting can be realized in the same year of field planting, high yield is realized in 3-5 years, and the product is disease-resistant, drought and flood-resistant and infertility-resistant, and is suitable for being planted in various soils; the average fruit weight is 20-30 g, the large fruits reach about 50 g, the sugar content is 20-30 percent, fleshiness, fine texture and juiciness are realized, and the edible rate reaches 95 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sapling and cultivate technical field, be specifically related to the engrafting and cultivating method of a kind of jujube tree.
Background technology
Date has another name called red date, dry jujube, Chinese date, originates from China, in the China's plantation of existing more than 8,000 year history, is just listed in since ancient times one of " five fruits " (peach, Lee, plum, apricot, jujube).Red date is rich in the nutrient components such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, carotin, B family vitamin, vitamin C, citrin and calcium, phosphorus, iron and cyclic adenosine monophosphate.Wherein ascorbic content comes out at the top in fruit, has vitamin king's laudatory title.According to a clinical studies show: eat continuously the patient of date, Health restoration is faster more than 3 times than eating merely vitamin medicament.The cyclic adenosine monophosphate that red date is contained, is the essential composition of human body cell energy metabolism, can strengthen muscular strength, eliminates fatigue, hemangiectasis, increase myocardial contractive power, improve myocardial nutrition, to preventing and treating disease of cardiovascular system, has good effect; Traditional Chinese medicine theory thinks, red date has the effects such as qi-restoratives benefit gas, nourishing blood and tranquilization, strengthening the spleen and stomach, is the good health nutrients of patient such as weakness of the spleen and the stomach, insufficiency of vital energy and blood, lassitude, insomnia and dreamful sleep.Red date has good therapeutic effect to illnesss such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, anaemia, anaphylactoid purpuras; Red date contains triterpene compound and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, has stronger anticancer, anti-allergic effects.Therefore the demand of date is always all very high, and how making better products, improve output is the problem that the applicant studies for many years always.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of method is simple, disease-resistant, the engrafting and cultivating method of the jujube tree of drought-enduring waterlogging.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
An engrafting and cultivating method for jujube tree, comprises following methods step,
1. the cultivation of scion seedling and management:
First select nursery, it is higher that nursery should be selected in physical features, the field that soil property is fertile, soil deeptillage 20-30 centimetre before growing seedlings, and ridging, on ridge ditching 20-30 centimetre for taking root, the quality of jujube tree offspring depends on rhizome, the rugosity of selecting rhizome podarthrum rear portion in the high-quality of 0.4-0.6 centimetre of thickness without the sub-root of damage by disease and insect jujube tree, remove coring, be cut into the sections of 15-20 centimetre of thickness, size thickness rolls into respectively wisp, after dipping root-growing agent, implant immediately in soil, distance between rows and hills 20-30 centimetre, after rhizome is planted well, covering with plastic film immediately, and spread soil, then soil is steady and sure, allow root membrane 10-18 centimetre, for rhizome is germinateed early, broad irrigation in time, irrigate nursery,
After seedling bud is sprouted, the high-quality bud of selecting and remain, all the other are erased, and spray repeatedly insecticide bactericide vegetative period, execute nitrogenous fertilizer one time, water depending on soil regime, under reasonable management, seedling reaches 1-1.5 rice height then, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion, for next year grafting is laid a solid foundation;
2. the grafting of jujube tree:
The grafting temperature of jujube seedling is crucial, when next year, temperature reached 20-30 ℃, just can carry out grafting, the wild jujube tree in Fuyang, Anhui Province of take is stock, scion be the life in 1 year cultivated without the tender tree of jujube of damage by disease and insect, it is short and without damage by disease and insect that pitch is wanted, and spray is cut into 5-7 centimetre of section shape, put into insulated bag, in order to grafting; Method be take cleft grafting as main, this method convenient operation, and interface is firm, is easy to survive;
3. jujube tree is transplanted and management:
Plough deeply soil, dig cave area 1 square metre of left and right, the degree of depth, at 50-80 centimetre, is executed 50 kilograms of farmyard manures in cave, 1 kilogram of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
The jujube tree nursery stock of grafting survival is carried out determining cave transplanting, and water irrigates plant pit, is beneficial to survive, and after sapling survives, it is downgraded to processing, cuts off 40 centimetres of above trunks, stays 3-4 bar side shoot;
4. jujube tree is managed before germinateing:
1 liquid manure of heavy dressing, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, sprays 1-2 insecticide and bactericide, cuts off damage by disease and insect branch, scrapes off Lao Pi;
5. jujube tree blooming period management:
The jujube tree florescence is longer, reaches about 90 days, contains to spend mid-term and open first once, opens first and early bears fruit unevenly, opens the altricial fruit of first few, sprays pollination essence repeatedly, and 4 of every afternoons are spray clear water one time later; Spray and can kill the agricultural chemicals of inhaling pollenophagous insect for 1-2 time; After the main force is really shaped, spray 1-3 fruit retention spirit, prevent that young fruit from coming off, insecticide is sprayed 2 times the fruit phase again in the main force, control cotton bollworm, caterpillar etc., and spray fresh milk 2 times, repeatedly, root is executed liquid manure once to foliage fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphorus potash fertilizer;
5. jujube tree final-period management:
The white phase of Jin Ru Que, spray 2 fresh milks and add the amino acid containing high calcium, prevent dehiscent fruit, and increase the brightness of jujube; Polypropylence Sheet on Chinese date maturing stage built, causes unnecessary loss in case overcast and rainy, physical maturity can be gathered in the crops.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention forms with local fine quality seed selection grafting, and jujube tree growing way is vigorous, branch spire is little, high and stable yields, precocity, field planting can be beared fruit then, 3-5 high yield, disease-resistant, the drought-enduring waterlogging of this product, resistance to soil are barren, suitable various soil plantations; Mean Fruit Weight 20-30 gram, large fruit reaches 50 grams of left and right, and sugar content is at 20-30%, and meat is thick, matter is thin, succulence, and edible rate reaches 95%, and fruit is apple shape, and the maturing stage is golden yellow blush, contains multiple nutritional components.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
An engrafting and cultivating method for jujube tree, comprises following methods step,
1. the cultivation of scion seedling and management:
First select nursery, it is higher that nursery should be selected in physical features, the field that soil property is fertile, soil deeptillage 20-30 centimetre before growing seedlings, and ridging, on ridge ditching 20-30 centimetre for taking root, the quality of jujube tree offspring depends on rhizome, the rugosity of selecting rhizome podarthrum rear portion in the high-quality of 0.4-0.6 centimetre of thickness without the sub-root of damage by disease and insect jujube tree, remove coring, be cut into the sections of 15-20 centimetre of thickness, size thickness rolls into respectively wisp, after dipping root-growing agent, implant immediately in soil, distance between rows and hills 20-30 centimetre, after rhizome is planted well, covering with plastic film immediately, and spread soil, then soil is steady and sure, allow root membrane 10-18 centimetre, for rhizome is germinateed early, broad irrigation in time, irrigate nursery,
After seedling bud is sprouted, the high-quality bud of selecting and remain, all the other are erased, and spray repeatedly insecticide bactericide vegetative period, execute nitrogenous fertilizer one time, water depending on soil regime, under reasonable management, seedling reaches 1-1.5 rice height then, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion, for next year grafting is laid a solid foundation;
2. the grafting of jujube tree:
The grafting temperature of jujube seedling is crucial, when next year, temperature reached 20-30 ℃, just can carry out grafting, the wild jujube tree in Fuyang, Anhui Province of take is stock, scion be the life in 1 year cultivated without the tender tree of jujube of damage by disease and insect, it is short and without damage by disease and insect that pitch is wanted, and spray is cut into 5-7 centimetre of section shape, put into insulated bag, in order to grafting; Method be take cleft grafting as main, this method convenient operation, and interface is firm, is easy to survive;
3. jujube tree is transplanted and management:
Plough deeply soil, dig cave area 1 square metre of left and right, the degree of depth, at 50-80 centimetre, is executed 50 kilograms of farmyard manures in cave, 1 kilogram of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
The jujube tree nursery stock of grafting survival is carried out determining cave transplanting, and water irrigates plant pit, is beneficial to survive, and after sapling survives, it is downgraded to processing, cuts off 40 centimetres of above trunks, stays 3-4 bar side shoot;
4. jujube tree is managed before germinateing:
1 liquid manure of heavy dressing, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, sprays 1-2 insecticide and bactericide, cuts off damage by disease and insect branch, scrapes off Lao Pi;
5. jujube tree blooming period management:
The jujube tree florescence is longer, reaches about 90 days, contains to spend mid-term and open first once, opens first and early bears fruit unevenly, opens the altricial fruit of first few, sprays pollination essence repeatedly, and 4 of every afternoons are spray clear water one time later; Spray and can kill the agricultural chemicals of inhaling pollenophagous insect for 1-2 time; After the main force is really shaped, spray 1-3 fruit retention spirit, prevent that young fruit from coming off, insecticide is sprayed 2 times the fruit phase again in the main force, control cotton bollworm, caterpillar etc., and spray fresh milk 2 times, repeatedly, root is executed liquid manure once to foliage fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphorus potash fertilizer;
5. jujube tree final-period management:
The white phase of Jin Ru Que, spray 2 fresh milks and add the amino acid containing high calcium, prevent dehiscent fruit, and increase the brightness of jujube; Polypropylence Sheet on Chinese date maturing stage built, causes unnecessary loss in case overcast and rainy, physical maturity can be gathered in the crops.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. an engrafting and cultivating method for jujube tree, is characterized in that: comprise following methods step,
A. the cultivation of scion seedling and management:
First select nursery, it is higher that nursery should be selected in physical features, the field that soil property is fertile, soil deeptillage 20-30 centimetre before growing seedlings, and ridging, on ridge ditching 20-30 centimetre for taking root, the quality of jujube tree offspring depends on rhizome, the rugosity of selecting rhizome podarthrum rear portion in the high-quality of 0.4-0.6 centimetre of thickness without the sub-root of damage by disease and insect jujube tree, remove coring, be cut into the sections of 15-20 centimetre, according to thickness difference, roll into respectively wisp, after dipping root-growing agent, implant immediately in soil, distance between rows and hills 20-30 centimetre, after rhizome is planted well, covering with plastic film immediately, and spread soil, then soil is steady and sure, allow root membrane 10-18 centimetre, for rhizome is germinateed early, broad irrigation in time, irrigate nursery,
After seedling bud is sprouted, the high-quality bud of selecting and remain, all the other are erased, and spray repeatedly insecticide bactericide vegetative period, execute nitrogenous fertilizer one time, water depending on soil regime, under reasonable management, seedling reaches 1-1.5 rice height then, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion, for next year grafting is laid a solid foundation;
B. the grafting of jujube tree:
The grafting temperature of jujube seedling is crucial, when next year, temperature reached 20-30 ℃, just can carry out grafting, the wild jujube tree in Fuyang, Anhui Province of take is stock, scion be the life in 1 year cultivated without the tender tree of jujube of damage by disease and insect, it is short and without damage by disease and insect that pitch is wanted, and spray is cut into 5-7 centimetre of section shape, put into insulated bag, in order to grafting; Method adopts cleft grafting, this method convenient operation, and interface is firm, is easy to survive;
C. jujube tree is transplanted and management:
Plough deeply soil, dig cave area at 1 square metre, the degree of depth, at 50-80 centimetre, is executed 50 kilograms of farmyard manures in cave, 1 kilogram of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;
The jujube tree nursery stock of grafting survival is carried out determining cave transplanting, and water irrigates plant pit, is beneficial to survive, and after sapling survives, it is downgraded to processing, cuts off 40 centimetres of above trunks, stays 3-4 bar side shoot;
D. jujube tree is managed before germinateing:
1 liquid manure of heavy dressing, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, sprays 1-2 insecticide and bactericide, cuts off damage by disease and insect branch, scrapes off Lao Pi;
E. jujube tree blooming period management:
The jujube tree florescence is longer, reaches about 90 days, contains to spend mid-term and open first once, opens first and early bears fruit unevenly, opens the altricial fruit of first few, sprays pollination essence repeatedly, and 4 of every afternoons are spray clear water one time later; Spray and can kill the agricultural chemicals of inhaling pollenophagous insect for 1-2 time; After the main force is really shaped, spray 1-3 fruit retention spirit, prevent that young fruit from coming off, insecticide is sprayed 2 times the fruit phase again in the main force, control cotton bollworm, and spray fresh milk 2 times, repeatedly, root is executed liquid manure once to foliage fertilizer, heavy dressing phosphorus potash fertilizer;
F. jujube tree final-period management:
The white phase of Jin Ru Que, spray 2 fresh milks and add the amino acid containing high calcium, prevent dehiscent fruit, and increase the brightness of jujube; Polypropylence Sheet on Chinese date maturing stage built, causes unnecessary loss in case overcast and rainy, physical maturity can be gathered in the crops.
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| CN201210403032.7A CN102907262B (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2012-10-22 | Grafting cultivation method of jujube tree |
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| CN103598021B (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-02-04 | 赵心灵 | Grafting cultivation domestication method for camphor trees suitable for growing in north |
| CN103598019B (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-29 | 翟小峰 | Grafting cultivation method of magnolia denudata and magnolia grandiflora |
| CN103947466B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-04-27 | 徐华龙 | A kind of method of cultivating high-quality milk jujube grafting |
| CN103960064B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-01-20 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Jujube tree field planting grafting cultivation method then |
| CN104082048B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-20 | 新疆农垦科学院 | The implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield |
| CN105230434A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-13 | 刘自忠 | Grafting cultivation method for jujubes |
| CN107278763A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-24 | 镇江西古山生态农业养殖发展有限公司 | A kind of tea tree management method |
| CN107258343A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method |
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| CN108738790A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Arid&semi-arid area wild jujube transplants the jujube tree engrafting method of current year |
| CN110278792A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-09-27 | 董玖莉 | A kind of method of jujube tree grafting high and changing head |
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