CN107258343A - A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258343A CN107258343A CN201710649666.3A CN201710649666A CN107258343A CN 107258343 A CN107258343 A CN 107258343A CN 201710649666 A CN201710649666 A CN 201710649666A CN 107258343 A CN107258343 A CN 107258343A
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- scion
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method, comprise the following steps：Step 1: scion seedling is cultivated, Step 2: scion is prepared, Step 3: grafting is handled, Step 4: being conserved after grafting.The transplant method that the present invention is provided can effectively improve grafting success rate, substantially reduce the improper deactivation phenomenom of transplanting and scion sprout, can realize the rapid jujube garden for setting up larger area, cost is low, building well efficiency high, and later stage jujube tree growing way is vigorous, branch spire is small, high and stable yields, precocious；The transplant method and technology of the present invention is distinct simultaneously, and raw material is easy to get, and cost is relatively low, and technique is simple, with higher practical value and good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling growth technical field, and in particular to a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method.
Background technology
Jujube also known as jujube, dry jujube, Chinese date, originating from China, in existing more than the 8000 years plantation history of China, from ancient times with
To be just listed in " five fruits "（Peach, Lee, plum, apricot, jujube）One of.Jujube is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, carrotene, B races dimension
The nutritional ingredient such as raw element, vitamin C, citrin and calcium, phosphorus, iron and CAMP.The content of wherein vitamin C exists
Come out at the top in fruit, there is the laudatory title of vitamin king.According to a clinical studies show：The continuous patient for eating jujube, Health restoration
Than eating fast more than 3 times of vitamin medicament merely.CAMP contained by jujube, is the required of human body cell energetic supersession
Composition, can strengthen muscular strength, dispelling fatigue, expansion blood vessel, increase myocardial contractive power, improvement myocardial nutrition, cardiovascular to preventing and treating
Systemic disease plays the role of good；Chinese medicine theory thinks that jujube has the work such as tonify deficiency benefit health, nourishing blood and tranquilization, strengthening the spleen and stomach
With being the good health nutrient of the patient such as weakness of the spleen and the stomach, insufficiency of vital energy and blood, lassitude, insomnia and dreamful sleep.Jujube is to Chronic Liver
The illnesss such as inflammation, hepatic sclerosis, anaemia, anaphylactoid purpura have good therapeutic effect；Jujube contains triterpene compound and CAMP, has
Stronger anticancer, anti-allergic effects.
The excellent seedling-wood breeding of jujube tree mainly uses graft technology, and one kind common at present is developed into by sowing spina date seed
Seedling, the then excellent nursery stock scion of Second Year grafting；It is another, it is by cultivating native breed root turion seedling, Gui Pu or building well field planting
After surviving, the excellent nursery stock scion of Second Year grafting.Jujube garden is set up with second method, it is disease-resistant that jujube tree adapts to local climatic environment
Property, winter resistance are stronger.But the method time of Second Year grafting is longer after traditional seedling building well by root turion.Introduce excellent from other places
Large nursery stocks building well, one is nursery stock price, and cost of transportation is high；Two be due to the easy dehydration of long distance transportation nursery stock, is survived
Rate is low.
The content of the invention
For the defect of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method, the transplanting
Breeding method can effectively improve grafting success rate, substantially reduce the improper deactivation phenomenom of transplanting and scion sprout, can realize
The rapid jujube garden for setting up larger area, cost is low, building well efficiency high, and later stage jujube tree growing way is vigorous, and branch spire is small, and stable yields is high
Production, it is precocious；The transplant method and technology of the present invention is distinct simultaneously, and raw material is easy to get, and cost is relatively low, and technique is simple, with higher
Practical value and good application prospect.
The present invention solves technical problem and adopted the following technical scheme that：
The invention provides a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method, comprise the following steps：
Step 1: cultivating scion seedling：The selection field that physical features is higher, soil property is fertile, 25-35 centimetres of soil deeptillage, ridging, and
15-25 centimetres of ditching is used to take root on ridge；
Then rugosity in jujube tree rhizome is chosen, in the sub- root of high-quality no disease and pests harm jujube tree of 0.3-0.5 centimetres of thickness, to remove coring, cut
Into 20-24 centimetres of section, dip and be implanted into immediately in soil after root-growing agent, 25-35 centimetres of distance between rows and hills after rhizome is planted well, is covered immediately
Lid mulch film, and spread soil, it is then that soil is steady and sure, allow 10-18 centimetres of root membrane, poured with water；After seedling bud is sprouted, one is only stayed
High-quality bud, growth period optionally sprays 2-4 insecticide and bactericide, applies a nitrogenous fertilizer, waters depending on soil regime；
Last lifting is sent to field planting garden, requires that side root length is more than 10cm and no less than 4 during lifting, is adopted in transportation
Moist keeping measures are taken, jujube tree seedling root system 3-7h is soaked with root-inducing powder during field planting, high 45-65cm is done surely, late maintaining reaches until seedling
1-1.5 meters of height, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion acceptor, prepares grafting；
Step 2: preparing scion：In the time in the early spring, the Ching Ming Festival front and rear carry out scion collection to introducing a fine variety jujube tree, it is desirable to gather tissue
The full annual jujube tree head middle and upper part of substantial, sprout, intercepts simple bud scion, thoroughly wipes out the section above Secondary Branch, sprout
The inclined-plane towards the sprout back side is cut into, scion simple bud is obtained；
Then liquid of sealing with wax is prepared, first the parts by weight of paraffin 100 are put into pot and heated, after it all melts, under agitation
Progressively it is put into 25-35 parts by weight gum rosin and it is all melted, that is, obtains liquid of sealing with wax, temperature control is stand-by at 85 DEG C -95 DEG C；
Finally jujube tree scion simple bud is sealed with wax and stored：Scion simple bud is immersed into taking-up in no more than 1 second in liquid of sealing with wax, is made
Seal with wax scion；After the scion of sealing with wax is cooled down 2-4 hours, it is put into the freezer that temperature is 2-4 DEG C and stores stand-by；
Step 3: grafting is handled：Scion simple bud processing is carried out first：The sprout for simple bud scion of sealing with wax is taken out from freezer,
4-8 hours are stood at 25-35 DEG C, then its back side is cut downwards from top always, the sprout back side of scion is integrally formed one
Individual smooth ramp, then smooth ramp both sides are gently cut, expose both sides forming layer；The white sugar for being again 2-4% with percetage by weight
Aqueous solution soaking is entirely sealed with wax scion 3-5 hours；
Then the processing of tree body is carried out：Jujube tree seedling after field planting is fallen into head on trunk at 120-130cm, fallen after head with will break
Face covers wound with plastic foil, and surrounding is tightened with plastic ties；Tree body Lao Pi in the range of the downward 45-65cm of section is struck off；
Drawn on trunk with grafting knife on bast zone and take 3-5 in the uniform T-shaped graft union of trunk, each T-shaped graft union
Semi-circular cut-out of the upper horizontal line using T-shaped graft union as diameter is cut in bast zone in portion with half gouge；
Finally carry out grafting and bondage：T-shaped graft union both sides cortex is gently dialled into separation, by the fully-inserted T of the scion handled well
Font graft union, makes to cut the sprout of the inclined-plane to be formed inwardly, in scion in scion and is located in semi-circular cut-out, transferred T-shaped
Interface both sides cortex is resetted, and grafting protection consolidant is smeared in wound, then with grafting special plastic film whole scion individual layer
Whole circle coating, and in upper and lower one of plastic ties of bondage respectively of scion；
Step 4: being conserved after grafting：Including weather proof of sheltering from heat or light, water, apply fertilizer, trim.
Preferably, the root-growing agent in the step one includes the raw material of following parts by weight：1-3 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin
3-7 parts, 2-4 parts of boron oxide, 4-8 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2-3 parts of vitamine D3,5-7 parts of humic acid.
Preferably, the root-inducing powder in the step one is water solubility ABT root-inducing powders.
Preferably, the bactericide in the step one is that powder of carbendazim, chitosan compare 2 according to weight:The mixing of 1 composition
Thing.
Preferably, the moist keeping measures in the step one are to go out in seedling body root system with the cavernous body bag for having soaked NMF
Wrap up in.
Preferably, the NMF includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Thicken 20-30 parts of binding agent, 4-8 parts of scarp, water
Close 0.1-0.6 parts of metal salt, 5-9 parts of nourishing additive agent, 70-80 parts of water.
Preferably, the hydrated metal salt is the one or more in aluminum sulfate, copper sulphate, hydrate of zinc sulfata, described
Nourishing additive agent is sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate according to 2:1:The mixture of 2 compositions.
Preferably, the grafting protection consolidant in the step 3 includes the raw material of following parts by weight：1-2 parts of acetic acid, Yin
0.5-1.5 parts of indolylbutyric acid, 1-2 parts of gibberellin, 15-25 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10-20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 7-13
Part, 1-3 parts of folic acid, 5-9 parts of inositol.
Preferably, in the step 4 water for：In summer, multipair ground and tree body to spray clear water, wherein to tree
It is 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% nicotinic acid to contain mass percent in the clear water of body sprinkling, and surplus is water；It is trimmed to；Treat 9
The beginning of the month all carries out pinching to grafting tree；Apply fertilizer and be：In the imperial foliar fertilizer of the 1000 times of liquid drought resisting of spray in every 15 days after grafting.
Preferably, the weather proof of sheltering from heat or light in the step 4, which is operated, is：Covered at 6-9 months in treetop with sunshade net,
The style of calligraphy is fixed with trivet around tree body, plastic cloth should be also covered in stormy weather, grafting wound injury is prevented.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect：
（1）A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method of the present invention, carries out large scale cultivating transplanting scion seedling, on the one hand using root system
The root turion seedling building well of this big specification, strong adaptability can effectively improve jujube growth speed, reduce building well time, the opposing party
Sponge wrapping seedling body root system of the after seedling immersed with moisture-keeping nutrient agent is being played in face, and wherein seedling root moisture-keeping nutrient agent has good
Anti-bacteria wet keeping is acted on, and is removed evaporation and the seepage of moisture from, is greatly reduced the death rate during the garden of field planting, greatly reduce
The cost of nursery stock.
（2）A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method of the present invention employs scion of sealing with wax, it is possible to prevente effectively from long-term
There is crack in storage, transportation, can prevent jujube tree scion from drying dehydration, the quality of jujube tree scion be improved, in grafting
Preceding normal temperature is stood and immersion white sugar water, can be recovered the function of scion itself, be made up its nutrient consumption, make graft survival rate big
It is big to improve.
（3）The grafting protection consolidant that a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method of the present invention is smeared in grafting wound,
It can guarantee that growth regulator, nutrition, sterilization, moisture while in place, callus, sterilization, sterilization, extra-nutrition are formed with promotion
With prevent the functions such as moisture loss, so as to reach the purpose for the survival rate for promoting grafting wound healing to improve grafting.
（4）A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method of the present invention can effectively improve grafting success rate, substantially reduce shifting
The improper deactivation phenomenom with scion sprout is planted, the rapid jujube garden for setting up larger area can be realized, cost is low, building well efficiency high,
And later stage jujube tree growing way is vigorous, branch spire is small, high and stable yields, precocious；The transplant method and technology of the present invention is distinct simultaneously, former
Material is easy to get, and cost is relatively low, and technique is simple, with higher practical value and good application prospect.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, shown
So, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the reality in the present invention
Example is applied, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made all belongs to
In the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1.
A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: cultivating scion seedling：The selection field that physical features is higher, soil property is fertile, 25 centimetres of soil deeptillage, ridging, and on ridge
Upper 15 centimetres of ditching is used to take root；
Then rugosity in jujube tree rhizome is chosen, in the sub- root of high-quality no disease and pests harm jujube tree of 0.3-0.5 centimetres of thickness, to remove coring, cut
Into 20 centimetres of section, dip after root-growing agent and to be implanted into immediately in soil, 25 centimetres of distance between rows and hills, rhizome plant it is good after, covering with plastic film immediately,
And soil is spread, and it is then that soil is steady and sure, allow 10 centimetres of root membrane, poured with water；After seedling bud is sprouted, a high-quality bud is only stayed, is grown
Phase optionally sprays 2 insecticides and bactericide, applies a nitrogenous fertilizer, waters depending on soil regime；
Last lifting is sent to field planting garden, requires that side root length is more than 10cm and no less than 4 during lifting, is adopted in transportation
Moist keeping measures are taken, jujube tree seedling root system 3h is soaked with root-inducing powder during field planting, high 45cm is done surely, late maintaining is high up to 1 meter until seedling
Degree, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion acceptor, prepares grafting；
Step 2: preparing scion：In the time in the early spring, the Ching Ming Festival front and rear carry out scion collection to introducing a fine variety jujube tree, it is desirable to gather tissue
The full annual jujube tree head middle and upper part of substantial, sprout, intercepts simple bud scion, thoroughly wipes out the section above Secondary Branch, sprout
The inclined-plane towards the sprout back side is cut into, scion simple bud is obtained；
Then liquid of sealing with wax is prepared, first the parts by weight of paraffin 100 are put into pot and heated, after it all melts, under agitation
Progressively it is put into 25 parts by weight gum rosin and it is all melted, that is, obtains liquid of sealing with wax, temperature control is stand-by at 85 DEG C；
Finally jujube tree scion simple bud is sealed with wax and stored：Scion simple bud is immersed into taking-up in no more than 1 second in liquid of sealing with wax, is made
Seal with wax scion；After the scion of sealing with wax is cooled down 2 hours, it is put into the freezer that temperature is 2 DEG C and stores stand-by；
Step 3: grafting is handled：Scion simple bud processing is carried out first：The sprout for simple bud scion of sealing with wax is taken out from freezer,
Stand 4 hours at 25 DEG C, then its back side cut downwards from top always, make scion the sprout back side be integrally formed one it is smooth
Inclined-plane, then smooth ramp both sides are gently cut, expose both sides forming layer；Soaked again with percetage by weight for 2% white sand sugar aqueous solution
The whole scion 3 hours of sealing with wax of bubble；
Then the processing of tree body is carried out：Jujube tree seedling after field planting is fallen into head on trunk at 120cm, fallen after head with using section
Plastic foil covers wound, and surrounding is tightened with plastic ties；Tree body Lao Pi in the range of the downward 45cm of section is struck off；Used on trunk
Grafting knife is drawn on bast zone takes 3 around the uniform T-shaped graft union of trunk, each T-shaped half gouge of graft union top
Semi-circular cut-out of the upper horizontal line using T-shaped graft union as diameter is cut in bast zone；
Finally carry out grafting and bondage：T-shaped graft union both sides cortex is gently dialled into separation, by the fully-inserted T of the scion handled well
Font graft union, makes to cut the sprout of the inclined-plane to be formed inwardly, in scion in scion and is located in semi-circular cut-out, transferred T-shaped
Interface both sides cortex is resetted, and grafting protection consolidant is smeared in wound, then with grafting special plastic film whole scion individual layer
Whole circle coating, and in upper and lower one of plastic ties of bondage respectively of scion；
Step 4: being conserved after grafting：Including weather proof of sheltering from heat or light, water, apply fertilizer, trim.
Root-growing agent in step one in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：1 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin 3
Part, 2 parts of boron oxide, 4 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2 parts of vitamine D3,5 parts of humic acid.
Root-inducing powder in step one in the present embodiment is water solubility ABT root-inducing powders.
Bactericide in step one in the present embodiment is powder of carbendazim, chitosan compares 2 according to weight:1 composition it is mixed
Compound.
Moist keeping measures in step one in the present embodiment are to go out in seedling body root system with the cavernous body bag for having soaked NMF
Wrap up in.
NMF in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Thicken 20 parts of binding agent, 4 parts of scarp, hydration gold
Belong to 0.1 part of salt, 5 parts of nourishing additive agent, 70 parts of water.
Hydrated metal salt in the present embodiment is aluminum sulfate, and the nourishing additive agent is sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate are pressed
According to 2:1:The mixture of 2 compositions.
Grafting protection consolidant in step three in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：1 part of acetic acid, indoles
0.5 part of acetic acid, 1 part of gibberellin, 15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 1 part of folic acid, inositol 5
Part.
In step four in the present embodiment water for：In summer, multipair ground and tree body to spray clear water, wherein to tree
It is 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% nicotinic acid to contain mass percent in the clear water of body sprinkling, and surplus is water；It is trimmed to；Treat 9
The beginning of the month all carries out pinching to grafting tree；Apply fertilizer and be：In the imperial foliar fertilizer of the 1000 times of liquid drought resisting of spray in every 15 days after grafting.
Weather proof of sheltering from heat or light in step four in the present embodiment, which is operated, is：Covered at 6-9 months in treetop with sunshade net,
The style of calligraphy is fixed with trivet around tree body, plastic cloth should be also covered in stormy weather, grafting wound injury is prevented.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: cultivating scion seedling：The selection field that physical features is higher, soil property is fertile, 25-35 centimetres of soil deeptillage, ridging, and
25 centimetres of ditching is used to take root on ridge；
Then rugosity in jujube tree rhizome is chosen, in the sub- root of high-quality no disease and pests harm jujube tree of 0.3-0.5 centimetres of thickness, to remove coring, cut
Into 24 centimetres of section, dip and be implanted into immediately in soil after root-growing agent, 35 centimetres of distance between rows and hills, after rhizome is planted well, covering immediately
Film, and spread soil, it is then that soil is steady and sure, allow 18 centimetres of root membrane, poured with water；After seedling bud is sprouted, a high-quality bud is only stayed,
Growth period optionally sprays 4 insecticides and bactericide, applies a nitrogenous fertilizer, waters depending on soil regime；
Last lifting is sent to field planting garden, requires that side root length is more than 10cm and no less than 4 during lifting, is adopted in transportation
Moist keeping measures are taken, jujube tree seedling root system 7h is soaked with root-inducing powder during field planting, high 65cm are done surely, late maintaining is until seedling is up to 1.5 meters
Highly, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion acceptor, prepares grafting；
Step 2: preparing scion：In the time in the early spring, the Ching Ming Festival front and rear carry out scion collection to introducing a fine variety jujube tree, it is desirable to gather tissue
The full annual jujube tree head middle and upper part of substantial, sprout, intercepts simple bud scion, thoroughly wipes out the section above Secondary Branch, sprout
The inclined-plane towards the sprout back side is cut into, scion simple bud is obtained；
Then liquid of sealing with wax is prepared, first the parts by weight of paraffin 100 are put into pot and heated, after it all melts, under agitation
Progressively it is put into 35 parts by weight gum rosin and it is all melted, that is, obtains liquid of sealing with wax, temperature control is stand-by at 95 DEG C；
Finally jujube tree scion simple bud is sealed with wax and stored：Scion simple bud is immersed into taking-up in no more than 1 second in liquid of sealing with wax, is made
Seal with wax scion；After the scion of sealing with wax is cooled down 4 hours, it is put into the freezer that temperature is 4 DEG C and stores stand-by；
Step 3: grafting is handled：Scion simple bud processing is carried out first：The sprout for simple bud scion of sealing with wax is taken out from freezer,
Stand 8 hours at 35 DEG C, then its back side cut downwards from top always, make scion the sprout back side be integrally formed one it is smooth
Inclined-plane, then smooth ramp both sides are gently cut, expose both sides forming layer；Soaked again with percetage by weight for 4% white sand sugar aqueous solution
The whole scion 5 hours of sealing with wax of bubble；
Then the processing of tree body is carried out：Jujube tree seedling after field planting is fallen into head on trunk at 130cm, fallen after head with using section
Plastic foil covers wound, and surrounding is tightened with plastic ties；Tree body Lao Pi in the range of the downward 65cm of section is struck off；Used on trunk
Grafting knife is drawn on bast zone takes 5 around the uniform T-shaped graft union of trunk, each T-shaped half gouge of graft union top
Semi-circular cut-out of the upper horizontal line using T-shaped graft union as diameter is cut in bast zone；
Finally carry out grafting and bondage：T-shaped graft union both sides cortex is gently dialled into separation, by the fully-inserted T of the scion handled well
Font graft union, makes to cut the sprout of the inclined-plane to be formed inwardly, in scion in scion and is located in semi-circular cut-out, transferred T-shaped
Interface both sides cortex is resetted, and grafting protection consolidant is smeared in wound, then with grafting special plastic film whole scion individual layer
Whole circle coating, and in upper and lower one of plastic ties of bondage respectively of scion；
Step 4: being conserved after grafting：Including weather proof of sheltering from heat or light, water, apply fertilizer, trim.
Root-growing agent in step one in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：3 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin 7
Part, 4 parts of boron oxide, 8 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3 parts of vitamine D3,7 parts of humic acid.
Root-inducing powder in step one in the present embodiment is water solubility ABT root-inducing powders.
Bactericide in step one in the present embodiment is powder of carbendazim, chitosan compares 2 according to weight:1 composition it is mixed
Compound.
Moist keeping measures in step one in the present embodiment are to go out in seedling body root system with the cavernous body bag for having soaked NMF
Wrap up in.
NMF in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Thicken 30 parts of binding agent, 8 parts of scarp, hydration gold
Belong to 0.6 part of salt, 9 parts of nourishing additive agent, 80 parts of water.
Hydrated metal salt in the present embodiment is the one or more in aluminum sulfate, copper sulphate, hydrate of zinc sulfata, described
Nourishing additive agent is sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate according to 2:1:The mixture of 2 compositions.
Grafting protection consolidant in step three in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：2 parts of acetic acid, indoles
1.5 parts of acetic acid, 2 parts of gibberellin, 25 parts of ammonium nitrate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 13 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 3 parts of folic acid, inositol 9
Part.
In step four in the present embodiment water for：In summer, multipair ground and tree body to spray clear water, wherein to tree
It is 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% nicotinic acid to contain mass percent in the clear water of body sprinkling, and surplus is water；It is trimmed to；Treat 9
The beginning of the month all carries out pinching to grafting tree；Apply fertilizer and be：In the imperial foliar fertilizer of the 1000 times of liquid drought resisting of spray in every 15 days after grafting.
Weather proof of sheltering from heat or light in step four in the present embodiment, which is operated, is：Covered at 6-9 months in treetop with sunshade net,
The style of calligraphy is fixed with trivet around tree body, plastic cloth should be also covered in stormy weather, grafting wound injury is prevented.
Embodiment 3.
A kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: cultivating scion seedling：The selection field that physical features is higher, soil property is fertile, 25-35 centimetres of soil deeptillage, ridging, and
20 centimetres of ditching is used to take root on ridge；
Then rugosity in jujube tree rhizome is chosen, in the sub- root of high-quality no disease and pests harm jujube tree of 0.3-0.5 centimetres of thickness, to remove coring, cut
Into 22 centimetres of section, dip after root-growing agent and to be implanted into immediately in soil, 30 centimetres of distance between rows and hills, rhizome plant it is good after, covering with plastic film immediately,
And soil is spread, and it is then that soil is steady and sure, allow 14 centimetres of root membrane, poured with water；After seedling bud is sprouted, a high-quality bud is only stayed, is grown
Phase optionally sprays 3 insecticides and bactericide, applies a nitrogenous fertilizer, waters depending on soil regime；
Last lifting is sent to field planting garden, requires that side root length is more than 10cm and no less than 4 during lifting, is adopted in transportation
Moist keeping measures are taken, jujube tree seedling root system 5h is soaked with root-inducing powder during field planting, high 55cm are done surely, late maintaining is until seedling is up to 1.3 meters
Highly, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion acceptor, prepares grafting；
Step 2: preparing scion：In the time in the early spring, the Ching Ming Festival front and rear carry out scion collection to introducing a fine variety jujube tree, it is desirable to gather tissue
The full annual jujube tree head middle and upper part of substantial, sprout, intercepts simple bud scion, thoroughly wipes out the section above Secondary Branch, sprout
The inclined-plane towards the sprout back side is cut into, scion simple bud is obtained；
Then liquid of sealing with wax is prepared, first the parts by weight of paraffin 100 are put into pot and heated, after it all melts, under agitation
Progressively it is put into 30 parts by weight gum rosin and it is all melted, that is, obtains liquid of sealing with wax, temperature control is stand-by at 90 DEG C；
Finally jujube tree scion simple bud is sealed with wax and stored：Scion simple bud is immersed into taking-up in no more than 1 second in liquid of sealing with wax, is made
Seal with wax scion；After the scion of sealing with wax is cooled down 3 hours, it is put into the freezer that temperature is 3 DEG C and stores stand-by；
Step 3: grafting is handled：Scion simple bud processing is carried out first：The sprout for simple bud scion of sealing with wax is taken out from freezer,
Stand 6 hours at 30 DEG C, then its back side cut downwards from top always, make scion the sprout back side be integrally formed one it is smooth
Inclined-plane, then smooth ramp both sides are gently cut, expose both sides forming layer；Soaked again with percetage by weight for 3% white sand sugar aqueous solution
The whole scion 4 hours of sealing with wax of bubble；
Then the processing of tree body is carried out：Jujube tree seedling after field planting is fallen into head on trunk at 125cm, fallen after head with using section
Plastic foil covers wound, and surrounding is tightened with plastic ties；Tree body Lao Pi in the range of the downward 55cm of section is struck off；Used on trunk
Grafting knife is drawn on bast zone takes 4 around the uniform T-shaped graft union of trunk, each T-shaped half gouge of graft union top
Semi-circular cut-out of the upper horizontal line using T-shaped graft union as diameter is cut in bast zone；
Finally carry out grafting and bondage：T-shaped graft union both sides cortex is gently dialled into separation, by the fully-inserted T of the scion handled well
Font graft union, makes to cut the sprout of the inclined-plane to be formed inwardly, in scion in scion and is located in semi-circular cut-out, transferred T-shaped
Interface both sides cortex is resetted, and grafting protection consolidant is smeared in wound, then with grafting special plastic film whole scion individual layer
Whole circle coating, and in upper and lower one of plastic ties of bondage respectively of scion；
Step 4: being conserved after grafting：Including weather proof of sheltering from heat or light, water, apply fertilizer, trim.
Root-growing agent in step one in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：2 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin 5
Part, 3 parts of boron oxide, 6 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2.5 parts of vitamine D3,6 parts of humic acid.
Root-inducing powder in step one in the present embodiment is water solubility ABT root-inducing powders.
Bactericide in step one in the present embodiment is powder of carbendazim, chitosan compares 2 according to weight:1 composition it is mixed
Compound.
Moist keeping measures in step one in the present embodiment are to go out in seedling body root system with the cavernous body bag for having soaked NMF
Wrap up in.
NMF in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：Thicken 25 parts of binding agent, 6 parts of scarp, hydration gold
Belong to salt 0.3,7 parts of nourishing additive agent, 75 parts of water.
Hydrated metal salt in the present embodiment is the one or more in aluminum sulfate, copper sulphate, hydrate of zinc sulfata, described
Nourishing additive agent is sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate according to 2:1:The mixture of 2 compositions.
Grafting protection consolidant in step three in the present embodiment includes the raw material of following parts by weight：1.5 parts of acetic acid, Yin
1 part of indolylbutyric acid, 1.5 parts of gibberellin, 20 parts of ammonium nitrate, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2 parts of folic acid, inositol
7 parts.
In step four in the present embodiment water for：In summer, multipair ground and tree body to spray clear water, wherein to tree
It is 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% nicotinic acid to contain mass percent in the clear water of body sprinkling, and surplus is water；It is trimmed to；Treat 9
The beginning of the month all carries out pinching to grafting tree；Apply fertilizer and be：In the imperial foliar fertilizer of the 1000 times of liquid drought resisting of spray in every 15 days after grafting.
Weather proof of sheltering from heat or light in step four in the present embodiment, which is operated, is：Covered at 6-9 months in treetop with sunshade net,
The style of calligraphy is fixed with trivet around tree body, plastic cloth should be also covered in stormy weather, grafting wound injury is prevented.
The present invention a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method can effectively improve grafting success rate, substantially reduce transplanting and
The improper deactivation phenomenom of scion sprout, can realize the rapid jujube garden for setting up larger area, and cost is low, building well efficiency high, and after
Phase jujube tree growing way is vigorous, and branch spire is small, high and stable yields, precocious；The transplant method and technology of the present invention is distinct simultaneously, and raw material is easy
, cost is relatively low, and technique is simple, with higher practical value and good application prospect.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit is required rather than described above is limited, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only that for clarity, those skilled in the art should
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It may be appreciated other embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1: cultivating scion seedling：The selection field that physical features is higher, soil property is fertile, 25-35 centimetres of soil deeptillage, ridging, and
15-25 centimetres of ditching is used to take root on ridge；
Then rugosity in jujube tree rhizome is chosen, in the sub- root of high-quality no disease and pests harm jujube tree of 0.3-0.5 centimetres of thickness, to remove coring, cut
Into 20-24 centimetres of section, dip and be implanted into immediately in soil after root-growing agent, 25-35 centimetres of distance between rows and hills after rhizome is planted well, is covered immediately
Lid mulch film, and spread soil, it is then that soil is steady and sure, allow 10-18 centimetres of root membrane, poured with water；After seedling bud is sprouted, one is only stayed
High-quality bud, growth period optionally sprays 2-4 insecticide and bactericide, applies a nitrogenous fertilizer, waters depending on soil regime；
Last lifting is sent to field planting garden, requires that side root length is more than 10cm and no less than 4 during lifting, is adopted in transportation
Moist keeping measures are taken, jujube tree seedling root system 3-7h is soaked with root-inducing powder during field planting, high 45-65cm is done surely, late maintaining reaches until seedling
1-1.5 meters of height, cane is sturdy, and root branch is flourishing, as scion acceptor, prepares grafting；
Step 2: preparing scion：In the time in the early spring, the Ching Ming Festival front and rear carry out scion collection to introducing a fine variety jujube tree, it is desirable to gather tissue
The full annual jujube tree head middle and upper part of substantial, sprout, intercepts simple bud scion, thoroughly wipes out the section above Secondary Branch, sprout
The inclined-plane towards the sprout back side is cut into, scion simple bud is obtained；
Then liquid of sealing with wax is prepared, first the parts by weight of paraffin 100 are put into pot and heated, after it all melts, under agitation
Progressively it is put into 25-35 parts by weight gum rosin and it is all melted, that is, obtains liquid of sealing with wax, temperature control is stand-by at 85 DEG C -95 DEG C；
Finally jujube tree scion simple bud is sealed with wax and stored：Scion simple bud is immersed into taking-up in no more than 1 second in liquid of sealing with wax, is made
Seal with wax scion；After the scion of sealing with wax is cooled down 2-4 hours, it is put into the freezer that temperature is 2-4 DEG C and stores stand-by；
Step 3: grafting is handled：Scion simple bud processing is carried out first：The sprout for simple bud scion of sealing with wax is taken out from freezer,
4-8 hours are stood at 25-35 DEG C, then its back side is cut downwards from top always, the sprout back side of scion is integrally formed one
Individual smooth ramp, then smooth ramp both sides are gently cut, expose both sides forming layer；The white sugar for being again 2-4% with percetage by weight
Aqueous solution soaking is entirely sealed with wax scion 3-5 hours；
Then the processing of tree body is carried out：Jujube tree seedling after field planting is fallen into head on trunk at 120-130cm, fallen after head with will break
Face covers wound with plastic foil, and surrounding is tightened with plastic ties；Tree body Lao Pi in the range of the downward 45-65cm of section is struck off；
Drawn on trunk with grafting knife on bast zone and take 3-5 in the uniform T-shaped graft union of trunk, each T-shaped graft union
Semi-circular cut-out of the upper horizontal line using T-shaped graft union as diameter is cut in bast zone in portion with half gouge；
Finally carry out grafting and bondage：T-shaped graft union both sides cortex is gently dialled into separation, by the fully-inserted T of the scion handled well
Font graft union, makes to cut the sprout of the inclined-plane to be formed inwardly, in scion in scion and is located in semi-circular cut-out, transferred T-shaped
Interface both sides cortex is resetted, and grafting protection consolidant is smeared in wound, then with grafting special plastic film whole scion individual layer
Whole circle coating, and in upper and lower one of plastic ties of bondage respectively of scion；
Step 4: being conserved after grafting：Including weather proof of sheltering from heat or light, water, apply fertilizer, trim.
2. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the life in the step one
Root agent includes the raw material of following parts by weight：1-3 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 3-7 parts of heteroauxin, 2-4 parts of boron oxide, 4-8 parts of ammonium nitrate, dimension
Raw 2-3 parts of element D3,5-7 parts of humic acid.
3. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the life in the step one
Root powder is water solubility ABT root-inducing powders.
4. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that killing in the step one
Microbial inoculum is powder of carbendazim, chitosan compares 2 according to weight:The mixture of 1 composition.
5. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the guarantor in the step one
Wet measure is to go out to be wrapped up with the cavernous body for having soaked NMF in seedling body root system.
6. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the NMF include with
The raw material of lower parts by weight：Thicken 20-30 parts of binding agent, 4-8 parts of scarp, 0.1-0.6 parts of hydrated metal salt, nourishing additive agent 5-9
Part, 70-80 parts of water.
7. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the hydrated metal salt is
One or more in aluminum sulfate, copper sulphate, hydrate of zinc sulfata, the nourishing additive agent is sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate
According to 2:1:The mixture of 2 compositions.
8. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that transferring in the step 3
Connect the raw material that protection consolidant includes following parts by weight：1-2 parts of acetic acid, 0.5-1.5 parts of heteroauxin, 1-2 parts of gibberellin, nitric acid
15-25 parts of ammonium, 10-20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7-13 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 1-3 parts of folic acid, 5-9 parts of inositol.
9. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pouring in the step 4
Water is：In summer, multipair ground and tree body to spray clear water, wherein being containing mass percent in the clear water sprayed to tree body
0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% nicotinic acid, surplus is water；It is trimmed to；Treat that September just all carries out pinching to grafting tree；Fertilising
For：In the imperial foliar fertilizer of the 1000 times of liquid drought resisting of spray in every 15 days after grafting.
10. a kind of Chinese jujube high-efficiency engrafting and cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 4
Weather proof of sheltering from heat or light is operated：Covered at 6-9 months in treetop with sunshade net, the style of calligraphy is fixed with trivet around tree body,
Stormy weather should also cover plastic cloth, prevent grafting wound injury.
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| CN108450217A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-08-28 | 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of apple tree grafting breeding method |
| CN108781820A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-11-13 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | Graft the pest and disease damage prevention method of nursery stock |
| CN109076805A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-25 | 姚光亮 | Long jujube inserts skewer fringe bar cutting method |
| CN109952873A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-02 | 广西福桐林业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of quick grafting blueness shaddock |
| CN110558067A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-13 | 南京宿根花卉植物园有限公司 | twig propagation method of vitex negundo |
| CN112753476A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-07 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for efficiently preventing and treating bleeding injury after transplanting of big trees |
| CN112997711A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-22 | 孟庆海 | Method for transporting cutting slips for Chinese rose grafting |
| CN114982494A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-02 | 山东朴润源农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of spine-free wild jujube |
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| CN112753476B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2024-02-27 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for efficiently preventing and controlling damage flow of transplanted big tree |
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| CN114982494A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-02 | 山东朴润源农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of spine-free wild jujube |
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Application publication date: 20171020 |