CN1336101A

CN1336101A - Date cultivating method

Info

Publication number: CN1336101A
Application number: CN 00111250
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于存河
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-07-29
Filing date: 2000-07-29
Publication date: 2002-02-20

Abstract

The invented culturing method of jujube includes stock selection, culturing, overwintering management and shearing, selection of grafting, storing and cutting, grafting of stock, wrapping of grafting, management after sprouting etc. The method has the advantages of simple, high survival rate, high labour efficiency, early fruiting, high yield, large fruit etc.

Description

A kind of breeding method of date

The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of date, the breeding method of the celestial jujube in especially a kind of Peng Lai.

At present, the breeding method of date is varied, and merit makes a variation easily in cultivating process, the inheritance instability, adaptability is relatively poor, and the jujube kind relation of this and breeding method and cultivation is very big, and the grafting step in cultivating process adopts grafting methods such as cleft grafting, mitered, cut-grafting, cramp joint, bud grafting more, these grafting methods are more complicated all, and stock is badly wounded, and wound healing is slow, and graft survival rate is lower, the season of grafting is limited, can only be in spring grafting.

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art and provide a kind of simple, convenient, stock is injured light, and grafting place is easily healed, the survival rate height, the efficiency height, and can grafting in three seasons of spring and summer autumn, the result is early, the output height, fruit is big, sugar content height, the breeding method of the date of wide adaptability.

Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure: a kind of breeding method of date, comprise rootstock seedling shearing, the cutting of scion, grafting step, and its characteristics are made up of following steps:

After A, autumn, common jujube seedling was fallen leaves, selecting overhead 100 millimeters, to locate diameter be 80～100 millimeters healthy and strong individual plant, cut off dried all side shoots below 100～170 millimeters of anvil, with the root-inducing powder aqueous solution soaking more than 2 hours, plant in the ground, after watering sufficient water, cover little bow plastic film, the back grafting of waiting to germinate is used;

The jujube tree of the jujube kind that B, selection will be cultivated, the jujube kind of cultivating is meant a kind of kind that is named as the celestial jujube in Peng Lai, jujube head branch or two branches that clip is given birth to then, make scion, the scion bud keeps 35～40 millimeters down, keeping 8～10 millimeters on the bud, is 30～60% in humidity, temperature be preserve under 4～10 ℃ the condition standby;

C, during grafting rootstock seedling is wiped out apart from the part of ground more than 50～80 millimeters, cortex rip cutting one long 10～20 millimeters deep are reached the perpendicular mouth of xylem downwards from the rootstock seedling clip, otch upper end cortex is sharp to both sides strip off gently with cutting, the horse ear shape inclined-plane that scion is whittled into long 20～25 millimeters at the side or the back side of scion bud, again with the prune Lao Pi of both sides, the back side on inclined-plane of knife, make it to expose phloem, with the inclined-plane of scion xylem towards stock, insert the subcutaneous of stock, make the top, inclined-plane of scion show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 2～3 millimeters, with wide 30～40 millimeters, thick 0.01 millimeter plastic film tape twines interface from bottom to top wrapping and beats the button tighten in the bud upper part of scion;

D, after scion is germinateed, long plastic film tape will being separated during to 200 millimeters tied up, and be long during to 800 millimeters, beats the top heart, brings into use agricultural chemicals, with preventing disease and pest;

E, treat grafting fallen leaves after, can transplant, during transplanting, soil will bury grafting place.

Compared with the prior art the present invention has following good effect: since when grafting with prune the gently Lao Pi of both sides, the back side on inclined-plane of knife, make it to expose phloem, but do not injure xylem, with the inclined-plane of scion xylem towards stock, slowly insert the subcutaneous of stock, be in contact with one another than simple wooden the contact easily of prior art with regard to the phloem that makes stock and scion like this and heal, the survival rate height, and can grafting in three seasons of spring and summer autumn; This slotting skin grafting is also simple, convenient than prior art, efficiency is high; Use this method is cultivated, and does scion with the branch of the celestial jujube in Peng Lai, the date of cultivating, and result morning, the output height, fruit is big, the sugar content height, wide adaptability, genetic stability, resistance is stronger.

Describe the present invention below in detail and provide several embodiment:

Behind the common jujube seedling fallen leaves of embodiment 1, autumn, selecting overhead 100 millimeters, to locate diameter be 90 millimeters healthy and strong individual plant, cuts off anvil and do all side shoots below 150 millimeters,, plant in the ground more than 2 hours with the root-inducing powder aqueous solution soaking, water sufficient water after, cover little bow plastic film, the back grafting of waiting to germinate is used; The jujube tree of the celestial jujube in Peng Lai that selection will be cultivated, jujube head branch or two branches that clip is given birth to then make scion, the scion bud keeps 38 millimeters down, keeps 9 millimeters on the bud, is 30～60% in humidity, temperature be preserve under 4～10 ℃ the condition standby; When spring, sleeper germinateed, rootstock seedling is wiped out apart from the part of ground more than 80 millimeters, remove the following branch of clip, select smooth smooth position, downward from clip, with cutting the perpendicular mouth that point reaches cortex rip cutting one long 20 millimeters deep xylem, otch upper end cortex is sharp to both sides strip off gently with cutting, then the side of scion or the back side are whittled into long 25 millimeters horse ear shape inclined-plane,, make it not injure xylem and expose phloem again with prune the gently Lao Pi of both sides, the back side on inclined-plane of knife, with the inclined-plane of scion xylem towards stock, slowly insert the subcutaneous of stock, make the top, inclined-plane of scion show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 3 millimeters, with wide 40 millimeters, thick 0.01 millimeter plastic film tape tightly twines wrapping from bottom to top with interface, the button tighten is beaten in bud upper part in scion, after scion is germinateed, plastic film tape will be separated when growing to 200 millimeters and tie up, when growing to 800 millimeters, beat and remove the top heart, bring into use agricultural chemicals, with preventing disease and pest; After treating the grafting fallen leaves, can transplant, during transplanting, soil will bury grafting place.

Behind the common jujube seedling fallen leaves of embodiment 2, autumn, selecting overhead 100 millimeters, to locate diameter be 100 millimeters healthy and strong individual plant, cuts off anvil and do all side shoots below 170 millimeters,, plant in the ground more than 2 hours with the root-inducing powder aqueous solution soaking, water sufficient water after, cover little bow plastic film, the back grafting of waiting to germinate is used; Jujube head branch or two branches that the jujube tree of the jujube kind that selection will be cultivated, clip give birth to then make scion, and the scion bud keeps 40 millimeters down, keep 10 millimeters on the bud, are 30～60% in humidity, temperature be preserve under 4～10 ℃ the condition standby; After spring, stock germinateed, rootstock seedling is wiped out apart from the part of ground more than 50 millimeters, remove the following branch of clip, select smooth smooth position, downward from clip, with cutting the perpendicular mouth that point reaches cortex rip cutting one long 10 millimeters deep xylem, otch upper end cortex is sharp to both sides strip off gently with cutting, then in the side of scion or the back side be whittled into long 20 millimeters horse ear shape inclined-plane, again with prune the gently Lao Pi of both sides, the back side on inclined-plane of knife, make it not injure xylem and expose phloem, with the inclined-plane of scion xylem towards stock, slowly insert the subcutaneous of stock, make the top, inclined-plane of scion show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 2 millimeters, with wide 30 millimeters, thick 0.01 millimeter plastic film tape tightly twines wrapping from bottom to top with interface, the button tighten is beaten in bud upper part in scion, after scion is germinateed, plastic film tape will be separated when growing to 200 millimeters and tie up, when growing to 800 millimeters, beat and remove the top heart, bring into use agricultural chemicals, with preventing disease and pest, after treating the grafting fallen leaves, can transplant, during transplanting, soil will bury grafting place.

Behind the common jujube seedling fallen leaves of embodiment 3, autumn, selecting overhead 100 millimeters, to locate diameter be 80 millimeters healthy and strong individual plant, cuts off anvil and do all side shoots below 100 millimeters,, plant in the ground more than 2 hours with the root-inducing powder aqueous solution soaking, water sufficient water after, cover little bow plastic film, the back grafting of waiting to germinate is used; The celestial jujube tree in Peng Lai that selection will be cultivated, jujube head branch or two branches that clip is given birth to then make scion, the scion bud keeps 35 millimeters down, keeps 8 millimeters on the bud, is 30～60% in humidity, temperature be preserve under 4～10 ℃ the condition standby; When spring, stock germinateed, rootstock seedling is wiped out apart from the part of ground more than 65 millimeters, remove the following branch of clip, select smooth smooth position, downward from clip, with cutting the perpendicular mouth that point reaches cortex rip cutting one long 15 millimeters deep xylem, otch upper end cortex is sharp to both sides strip off gently with cutting, then the side of scion or the back side are whittled into long 22 millimeters horse ear shape inclined-plane, again with prune the gently Lao Pi of both sides, the back side on inclined-plane of knife, make it not injure xylem and expose phloem,, slowly insert the subcutaneous of stock the inclined-plane of scion xylem towards stock, make the top, inclined-plane of scion show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 2.5 millimeters, with wide 35 millimeters, thick 0.01 millimeter plastic film tape tightly twines wrapping from bottom to top with interface, beats the button tighten in the bud upper part of scion; After scion is germinateed, plastic film tape to be separated when growing and tie up to 200 millimeters, when growing, beat the top heart to 800 millimeters, bring into use agricultural chemicals, with preventing disease and pest; After treating the grafting fallen leaves, can transplant, during transplanting, soil will bury grafting place.

Claims

1, a kind of breeding method of date comprises rootstock seedling shearing, the cutting of scion, grafting step, and its feature is made up of following steps:

Behind the common jujube seedling fallen leaves of A, autumn, selects disease-free healthy and strong individual plant, cuts off all side shoots that anvil is done, use the root-inducing powder aqueous solution soaking, plant in the ground, water sufficient water after, cover little bow plastic film, the use of grafting afterwards of waiting to germinate;

B, select the jujube tree of the jujube kind that will cultivate, jujube head branch or two branches that clip is given birth to then make scion, are 30～60% in humidity, temperature be preserve under 4～10 ℃ the condition standby;

When C, grafting rootstock seedling is cut off the first half, cortex rip cutting one long 10～20 millimeters deep are reached the perpendicular mouth of xylem downwards from the rootstock seedling clip, otch upper end cortex is sharp to both sides strip off gently with cutting, the horse ear shape inclined-plane that scion is whittled into long 20～25 millimeters at the side or the back side of scion bud, again with the prune Lao Pi of both sides, the back side on inclined-plane of knife, make it to expose phloem, with the inclined-plane of scion xylem towards stock, insert the subcutaneous of stock, make the top, inclined-plane of scion show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 2～3 millimeters, the interface winding is bandaged with plastic film tape;

D, after scion is germinateed, long to more than 400 millimeters the time, beat the top heart, bring into use agricultural chemicals, with preventing disease and pest;

2, according to the breeding method of the described a kind of date of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the steps A, selecting overhead 100 millimeters, to locate diameter be 80～100 millimeters healthy and strong individual plant, cuts off anvil and do all side shoots below 100～170 millimeters, with the root-inducing powder aqueous solution soaking more than 2 hours.

3, according to the breeding method of the described a kind of date of claim 1, it is characterized in that the scion bud keeps 35～40 millimeters down among the step B, keep 8～10 millimeters on the bud.

4,, it is characterized in that rootstock seedling is wiped out apart from the part of ground more than 50～80 millimeters among the step C according to the breeding method of the described a kind of date of claim 1.

5, according to the breeding method of the described a kind of date of claim 1, it is characterized in that among the step C, with plastic film tape interface is twined wrapping from bottom to top and beats the button tighten in the bud upper part of scion;

6, according to the breeding method of the described a kind of date of claim 1, it is characterized in that among the step D, plastic film tape to be separated during scion length to 200 millimeter and tie up, long during to 800 millimeters, beat the top heart.

7,, it is characterized in that among step C and the D 30～40 millimeters of plastic film bandwidth, thick 0.01 millimeter according to the breeding method of the described a kind of date of claim 1.

8,, it is characterized in that the jujube kind of cultivating is meant a kind of kind that is named as the celestial jujube in Peng Lai according to the breeding method of the described a kind of date of claim 1.