CN111527972A - Method for transforming low-effect plum garden - Google Patents
Method for transforming low-effect plum garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN111527972A CN111527972A CN202010484786.4A CN202010484786A CN111527972A CN 111527972 A CN111527972 A CN 111527972A CN 202010484786 A CN202010484786 A CN 202010484786A CN 111527972 A CN111527972 A CN 111527972A
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- grafting
- plum
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- grafted
- bud
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011158 Prunus mume Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000018795 Prunus mume Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021018 plums Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and agricultural popularization, in particular to a method for reforming an inefficient plum garden, which comprises the steps of cutting short a plurality of main branches of a plum, grafting the main branches into the plum, changing the application of the plum, changing the use life of the hidden bud of the plum, easily extracting the hidden bud of a base part into a long branch, and reforming the long branch formed by the hidden bud of the base part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and agricultural popularization, in particular to a method for modifying an inefficient plum garden.
Background
The green plum is one of special fruit trees, the fruit of the green plum can be eaten fresh, but the green plum is mainly used as a raw material for food processing, the tree age of the existing many green plum is over 30 years, the problems of poor variety disease resistance, high tree body, high management difficulty and the like exist, the yield and the quality of a plum garden are obviously reduced, the green plum is an inefficient orchard, meanwhile, along with the continuous introduction and successful breeding of new varieties, part of old varieties are not suitable for the requirements of processing enterprises at the present stage, the purchase of the green plum is influenced, the economic benefit of growers is lost, and the healthy and continuous development of the green plum industry is not facilitated,
at present, the traditional measures are that old trees in an orchard are dug off with roots and the orchard is built again by soil preparation, the reconstruction method is long in time consumption and high in cost, meanwhile, stone fruit trees cannot be subjected to continuous cropping, otherwise, newly planted fruit trees are low in survival rate, weak in tree vigor, low in yield and poor in quality, or soil of original fruit gardens is modified, the garden building cost is further greatly increased, in addition, original branches of old trees are directly cut short and then grafted with updated branches, the method is relatively more economical than the former method, but the technical difficulty of high grafting is large, the risk is higher, after reconstruction, only upper branches of the orchard are updated and are changed into other varieties, the main branches still belong to the old, the main branches and the branches are in an unbalanced state in nutrition supply, the reconstructed branches are late in fruiting, the economic yield is formed, the orchard yield is reduced, the orchard yield is long, the quality is improved, and the method is applied to the field of agricultural and agricultural production, The quality of the fruits is reduced, comprehensive evaluation is carried out, the two transformation methods are uneconomical and unscientific, and the transformation effect is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for modifying a low-effect plum garden, which solves the problems of low yield, reduced quality, high cost and uneconomic performance of the conventional modified plum garden.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for reconstructing a low-effect plum garden, which comprises the following two modes:
the first type: several main branches of the plum are cut short and then grafted into plum blossom, and the application of the orchard is changed or the plum blossom is grafted and cultured into landscape plum trees.
The second type: the method is characterized in that the service life of the hidden buds of the prunus mume is utilized, the hidden buds at the base part are easy to extract to form long-growing branches, the long-growing branches formed by the hidden buds at the base part are utilized for transformation, and the transformation method comprises three stages:
the first stage: carrying out preferred indwelling culture on the new growing branches at the base of the plum tree to be modified during summer pruning, and culturing the plum in a budding mode;
the second stage: after bud grafting in summer, directly fixing the trunk in winter through a grafting mode, and cutting off the original trunk of the old plum tree from a position 3-5cm away from the ground; for the hiking branches which are not good in growth vigor and have the thickness which does not meet the requirement of bud grafting in summer, the new hiking branches at the base parts of the plum trees are subjected to preferential indwelling culture, the old plum trees are cut off from the positions 3-5cm away from the ground when pruning is carried out in winter, the hiking branches are reserved, and direct grafting is carried out in the spring of the second year;
the grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plum variety to be grafted, collecting the strong and developed 1-year-old branches as scions, and removing the branches with damage, rot, water loss and insufficient development.
(2) Bud grafting in summer: firstly, transversely cutting a scion bud at a position 1-1.5 cm above the scion bud once, then, horizontally cutting the scion bud from a position 1 cm below the bud to the front lower side, slightly stripping the wood inside a cortex of the cut bud, transversely cutting a stock at a position 5cm away from a trunk once, further, downwards cutting a cut from the center of the cut to form a T shape, slightly stripping the cortex, inserting the prepared scion into the cortex of the T shape, sticking the scion bud firmly, tightly combining the upper end of the scion bud with the upper end of the T shape of the stock, and finally, putting and binding the stock with a plastic film strip or a polyester adhesive tape, wherein the stock is a new growing branch at the base part of the original plum tree.
Spring grafting: the method comprises the steps of selecting a smooth part for sawing off branches to be grafted, flattening a saw cut, longitudinally cutting the branches with the length of 2-3 cm, cutting off phloem, slightly prying off cortex layers on two sides to form a grafting opening, longitudinally cutting the end opening of a fruit branch to be grafted with a knife, forming a cut which is mutually attached to the grafting opening, inserting the fruit branch into the grafting opening, winding and sealing by using a preservative film, and avoiding loosening the grafting opening during sealing.
(3) The survival rate is checked about 15 days after grafting, the grafted bud is fresh and green and is survived, and the grafting is carried out in time when the grafted bud is not survived. After grafting, the foot buds need to be wiped off in time to prevent the extracted foot buds from influencing the grafting survival rate, and the grafting needs to be supplemented in time and re-grafted.
Preferably, when the grafted branches are temporarily stored, the grafting openings can be immersed in paraffin solution, so that the grafted branch cuts are temporarily sealed, and the phenomenon that the grafted branch cuts are contacted with air for a long time, sap loss occurs, and the survival rate of the grafted branches is affected is avoided.
Preferably, the temperature of the paraffin solution is controlled at 80 ℃, the grafted fruiting branches are immersed in the paraffin solution for 3-7 seconds.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the two original reconstruction methods, improvement is carried out, after a plurality of main branches of the plum are cut short, the plum is grafted into other plums, the application of an orchard is changed, the plum is changed into flower picking medicine, or the plum is cultivated into a landscape plum tree, the value is improved, then the plum is dug out, the hidden bud of the plum is long in service life, the hidden bud of the base is easy to extract to form a spindly branch, the spindly branch formed by the hidden bud of the base is used for reconstruction and updating, the value of the old plum orchard is effectively improved, and the reconstruction of the old plum orchard is completed.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A method for reconstructing a low-effect plum garden comprises the following two modes:
the first type: several main branches of the plum are cut short and then grafted into plum blossom, and the application of the orchard is changed or the plum blossom is grafted and cultured into landscape plum trees.
The second type: the method is characterized in that the service life of the hidden buds of the prunus mume is utilized, the hidden buds at the base part are easy to extract to form long-growing branches, the long-growing branches formed by the hidden buds at the base part are utilized for transformation, and the transformation method comprises three stages:
the first stage: carrying out preferred indwelling culture on the new spindly branches at the base of the plum tree to be modified during summer pruning, carrying out variety updating in a bud grafting mode, and then culturing;
the second stage: after bud grafting in summer, directly fixing the trunk in winter through a grafting mode, and cutting off the original trunk of the old plum tree from a position 3-5cm away from the ground; for the hiking branches which are not good in growth vigor and have the thickness which does not meet the requirement of bud grafting in summer, the new hiking branches at the base parts of the plum trees are subjected to preferential indwelling culture, the old plum trees are cut off from the positions 3-5cm away from the ground when pruning is carried out in winter, the hiking branches are reserved, and direct grafting is carried out in the spring of the second year;
the grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plum variety to be grafted, collecting the strong and developed 1-year-old branches as scions, and removing the branches with damage, rot, water loss and insufficient development.
(2) Bud grafting in summer: bud grafting in summer: firstly, transversely cutting a scion bud at a position 1-1.5 cm above the scion bud once, then, horizontally cutting the scion bud from a position 1 cm below the bud to the front lower side, slightly stripping the wood inside a cortex of the cut bud, transversely cutting a stock at a position 5cm away from a trunk once, further, downwards cutting a cut from the center of the cut to form a T shape, slightly stripping the cortex, inserting the prepared scion into the cortex of the T shape, sticking the scion bud firmly, tightly combining the upper end of the scion bud with the upper end of the T shape of the stock, and finally, putting and binding the stock with a plastic film strip or a polyester adhesive tape, wherein the stock is a new growing branch at the base part of the original plum tree.
Spring grafting: the method comprises the steps of selecting a smooth part for sawing off branches to be grafted, flattening a saw cut, longitudinally cutting the branches with the length of 2-3 cm, cutting off phloem, slightly prying off cortex layers on two sides to form a grafting opening, longitudinally cutting the end opening of a fruit branch to be grafted with a knife, forming a cut which is mutually attached to the grafting opening, inserting the fruit branch into the grafting opening, winding and sealing by using a preservative film, and avoiding loosening the grafting opening during sealing.
(3) The survival rate is checked about 15 days after grafting, the grafted bud is fresh and green and is survived, and the grafting is carried out in time when the grafted bud is not survived. After grafting, the foot buds need to be wiped off in time to prevent the extracted foot buds from influencing the grafting survival rate, and the grafting needs to be supplemented in time and re-grafted.
When the scion branches for grafting are temporarily stored, the grafting openings can be immersed into the paraffin solution, so that the cut of the grafted fruit branches is temporarily sealed, the phenomenon that the cut of the grafted branch is contacted with air for a long time, sap loss occurs, and the survival rate of the grafted branch is influenced is avoided, the temperature of the paraffin solution is controlled at 80 ℃, the grafted fruit branches are immersed in the paraffin solution for 3-7 seconds.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for reconstructing a low-effect plum garden comprises the following two modes:
the first type: several main branches of the plum are cut short and then grafted into plum blossom, and the application of the orchard is changed or the plum blossom is grafted and cultured into landscape plum trees.
The second type: the method is characterized in that the service life of the hidden buds of the prunus mume is utilized, the hidden buds at the base part are easy to extract to form long-growing branches, the long-growing branches formed by the hidden buds at the base part are utilized for transformation, and the transformation method comprises three stages:
the first stage: carrying out preferred indwelling culture on the new spindly branches at the base of the plum tree to be modified during summer pruning, carrying out variety updating in a bud grafting mode, and then culturing;
the second stage: after bud grafting in summer, directly fixing the trunk in winter through a grafting mode, and cutting off the original trunk of the old plum tree from a position 3-5cm away from the ground; for the hiking branches which are not good in growth vigor and have the thickness which does not meet the requirement of bud grafting in summer, the new hiking branches at the base parts of the plum trees are subjected to preferential indwelling culture, the old plum trees are cut off from the positions 3-5cm away from the ground when pruning is carried out in winter, the hiking branches are reserved, and direct grafting is carried out in the spring of the second year;
the grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plum variety to be grafted, collecting the strong and developed 1-year-old branches as scions, and removing the branches with damage, rot, water loss and insufficient development.
(2) Bud grafting in summer: firstly, transversely cutting a scion bud at a position 1-1.5 cm above the scion bud once, then, horizontally cutting the scion bud from a position 1 cm below the bud to the front lower side, slightly stripping the wood inside a cortex of the cut bud, transversely cutting a stock at a position 5cm away from a trunk once, further, downwards cutting a cut from the center of the cut to form a T shape, slightly stripping the cortex, inserting the prepared scion into the cortex of the T shape, sticking the scion bud firmly, tightly combining the upper end of the scion bud with the upper end of the T shape of the stock, and finally, putting and binding the stock with a plastic film strip or a polyester adhesive tape, wherein the stock is a new growing branch at the base part of the original plum tree.
Spring grafting: the method comprises the steps of selecting a smooth part to be sawed off aiming at branches needing to be grafted, flattening a saw cut, longitudinally cutting a knife with the length of 2-3 cm, cutting off phloem, slightly prying off cortex layers on two sides to form a grafting opening, longitudinally cutting a knife at the end opening of a fruit branch to be grafted so as to form a cut mutually attached to the grafting opening, inserting a scion into the grafting opening, winding and sealing by using a preservative film, and avoiding loosening at the grafting opening during sealing.
(3) The survival rate is checked about 15 days after grafting, the grafted bud is fresh and green and is survived, and the grafting is carried out in time when the grafted bud is not survived. After grafting, the foot buds need to be wiped off in time to prevent the extracted foot buds from influencing the grafting survival rate, and the grafting needs to be supplemented in time and re-grafted.
2. The method for reconstructing a low-effect plum orchard according to claim 1, wherein the grafted branches can be immersed in a paraffin solution during temporary storage, so that cuts of the grafted branches are temporarily sealed, and the grafted branches are prevented from being in contact with air for too long time, sap loss is avoided, and the survival rate of the grafted branches is not affected.
3. The method for reconstructing the low-effect plum garden as claimed in claim 2, wherein the temperature of the paraffin solution is controlled to be 80 ℃, the grafted fruiting branches are immersed in the paraffin solution, and the immersion time is controlled to be 3-7 seconds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010484786.4A CN111527972A (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Method for transforming low-effect plum garden |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010484786.4A CN111527972A (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Method for transforming low-effect plum garden |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111527972A true CN111527972A (en) | 2020-08-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010484786.4A Pending CN111527972A (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Method for transforming low-effect plum garden |
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| CN (1) | CN111527972A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114698477A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-05 | 北京市陶然亭公园管理处 | Grafting propagation method for ornamental Chinese flowering crabapple |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102523945A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-04 | 张繁亮 | Method for grafting and transforming old fruit trees |
| CN107041241A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-15 | 和县赭洛山茶叶种植专业合作社 | A kind of weeping branch plum bud connects cultural method |
-
2020
- 2020-06-01 CN CN202010484786.4A patent/CN111527972A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102523945A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-04 | 张繁亮 | Method for grafting and transforming old fruit trees |
| CN107041241A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-15 | 和县赭洛山茶叶种植专业合作社 | A kind of weeping branch plum bud connects cultural method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 尹甜等: "无事不寻梅 得梅归去来――梅花速成栽培技术探究(下)", 花木盆景(花卉园艺) * |
| 张清水等: "杨梅高接换种技术", 中国园艺文摘 * |
| 诸惠芬等: "低产劣质杨梅高接换种技术", 宁波农业科技 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114698477A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-05 | 北京市陶然亭公园管理处 | Grafting propagation method for ornamental Chinese flowering crabapple |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |
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