CN112136529A - Bud grafting seedling method for acer truncatum - Google Patents
Bud grafting seedling method for acer truncatum Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136529A CN112136529A CN202011023010.9A CN202011023010A CN112136529A CN 112136529 A CN112136529 A CN 112136529A CN 202011023010 A CN202011023010 A CN 202011023010A CN 112136529 A CN112136529 A CN 112136529A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a bud grafting seedling method of acer truncatum, which can effectively improve the propagation survival rate of the acer truncatum. The grafted and propagated nursery stock not only keeps the excellent characteristics of parent plant growth, appreciation and the like, but also can improve the stress resistance and adaptability of the nursery stock, the rootstock and the scion of the bud grafting of the tender branches of the acer truncatum are crisp and tender, and the operations of cutting the rootstock and cutting the bud and the like are simple and easy, thereby improving the propagation coefficient by more than 30 percent compared with the propagation coefficient of hard branch grafting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a bud grafting seedling method of acer truncatum.
Background
Acer truncatum (Mono Maple), which is also called Acer truncatum and Acer sinensis, is a deciduous tree of Aceraceae (Aceraceae) and is 8-10 m high; longitudinally splitting the bark; the single leaf is opposite, 5 pulses are dominant, the palm is shaped, and the petiole is 3-5 cm long; the inflorescence of the umbrella house grows from the top, and the flower is yellow and green; the flowering period is 5 months, and the fruit period is 9 months. It is widely distributed in northeast, northwest, west to Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, south to Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui provinces. The acer truncatum has the advantages of yin resistance, preference for warm, cool and humid climate, strong cold resistance, low requirement on soil, and capability of growing in acid soil, neutral soil and calcareous soil. Has stronger resistance to sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride and stronger dust adsorption capability. The acer truncatum has red tender leaves, yellow, red or purple leaves in autumn, beautiful tree appearance and beautiful leaf shape, is an excellent foliage tree species, is suitable for being used as a shade tree, a street tree or a landscape forest tree species, and is mostly used for road greening at present.
The breeding of the acer truncatum bunge is mainly sowing and seedling raising, and the individual characters of the offspring bred by the seeds are separated, so that the original excellent characteristics of the variety cannot be maintained. In order to obtain seedlings with consistent genetic quality in production, the seedlings need to be realized by asexual propagation modes such as grafting and cuttage; the branch cutting propagation technology has difficulty and can not be produced in batch. Therefore, a simple and efficient breeding method capable of keeping the excellent characteristics of acer truncatum is needed.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bud grafting seedling method of acer truncatum, which can keep the excellent characteristics of the acer truncatum, such as the ornamental value and high oil yield of seeds.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a bud grafting seedling raising method of acer truncatum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation and treatment of rootstock: selecting acer truncatum seedlings which are robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, 1-2 years old and 1-3 cm in ground diameter from the beginning of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, and cutting the acer truncatum seedlings along the ground; when the height of the root sprouts is more than about 10cm, picking the sprouts, and reserving 2-3 sprouts with strong growth vigor; when the height of the sprout reaches about 20cm, bud picking is carried out, and 1 robust young shoot is reserved and is allowed to grow as a grafting stock;
(2) preparing and treating scions: in the middle ten days of 5 months to the late ten days of 6 months, the current-year semi-lignified branch of acer truncatum is cut as a scion spike, the leaves are cut off, the petioles are slightly longer than the buds, and the bottom end of the spike is immersed in water or wrapped by wet cloth;
preferably, the lower part of the scion is kept immersed in water for 5-10 cm, preferably 8cm before grafting.
Preferably, the scion should be picked and grafted at any time, and the scion which cannot be grafted on the same day should be placed in a refrigerator at 4-5 ℃ for refrigeration, so that the scion keeps activity before grafting.
Preferably, the scion is selected from the sunny position of the middle upper part of the acer truncatum mother tree, and the current-year semi-lignified branch which is robust in development and full in axillary buds is cut as the scion to ensure the survival rate of grafting.
(3) Grafting: selecting stocks with the same thickness as the scion, grafting and pasting the bud slices cut from the scion onto the stock interfaces in a bud grafting mode with xylem, aligning cambium layers of the stocks and the stocks, and winding and fixing the upper and lower interfaces of the bud slices by using plastic strips to only expose leaf stalks and bud eyes.
Preferably, the rootstock is subjected to the following treatments before grafting: after the parts of the rootstocks, which are 25-30 cm higher than the ground, are cut off, the side branches and leaves of the parts, which are within 10-15 cm away from the ground, are cut off in a sticking mode, a smooth area is reserved for grafting, and in addition, 4-8 leaves are reserved on the upper portions of the rootstocks for manufacturing nutrients.
Preferably, the grafting adopts a bud grafting method with xylem, specifically, when cutting a bud, a knife is firstly obliquely cut from the position about 2cm above the bud to the position below the bud, and then the bottom of the last knife is obliquely cut from the position about 1cm below the bud to obtain a shield-shaped bud slice, wherein the oblique cutting angle is 30 degrees.
Preferably, the scutellum is 2.5-3 cm long, the thickness is 2-5 mm, the thickness does not exceed 1/2 of the diameter of the scion, and the scutellum is provided with xylem.
Preferably, the rootstock interface is cut in a similar mode, specifically, a shield-shaped skin block which is provided with xylem and is consistent with the size and the shape of the bud slice is cut at the position of the rootstock, which is 10cm away from the ground. The cut surface of the rootstock is longer than that of the scion bud, and the depth of the cut surface cannot exceed 1/3 of the diameter of the rootstock.
Preferably, the cambium of the stock and the cambium of the stock are aligned during grafting, and the cut shield-shaped bud slices are embedded into the stock interface, so that the lower ends of the bud slices are closely connected with the stock section; then the bud slices are wound and fixed by plastic strips, and only the petioles and the bud eyes are exposed.
(5) And (3) management after grafting: after grafting, the sprouts above and below the grafted bud sheets on the rootstock are removed, and after 1 week, whether the grafted buds survive is checked.
Preferably, the grafted bud is bright green, or the petiole is alive as soon as the bud is touched, and the wound plastic strip can be removed after the joint is completely healed.
Preferably, the water and fertilizer management is enhanced in the period, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time. When the scion shoot grows to about 10cm, the rootstock is cut off about 2cm away from the upper part of the scion bud, and the scion bud is lightly clamped on the rootstock by a clamp.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a bud grafting seedling method of acer truncatum, which can effectively improve the propagation survival rate of the acer truncatum. The grafted and propagated nursery stock not only keeps the excellent characteristics of parent plant growth, appreciation and the like, but also can improve the stress resistance and adaptability of the nursery stock, the rootstock and the scion of the bud grafting of the tender branches of the acer truncatum are crisp and tender, and the operations of cutting the rootstock and cutting the bud and the like are simple and easy, thereby improving the propagation coefficient by more than 30 percent compared with the propagation coefficient of hard branch grafting.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a bud grafting seedling method of acer truncatum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation and treatment of rootstock: selecting acer truncatum seedlings which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, 1-2 years old and 1-3 cm in ground diameter from the beginning of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, and cutting the acer truncatum seedlings along the ground to be dry so as to promote the acer truncatum to sprout young shoots. The ground diameter generally refers to the diameter of the nursery stock about 30cm away from the ground, and the common operation is to cut off the nursery stock 2-3 cm away from the ground.
When the height of the root sprouts is more than about 10cm, picking the sprouts, and reserving 2-3 sprouts with strong growth vigor; and when the height of the sprout reaches about 20cm, bud picking is carried out, and 1 robust young shoot is reserved and is allowed to grow as a grafting stock.
(2) Preparing and treating scions: in the middle ten days of 5 months to the late 6 months, the current-year semi-lignified branch of acer truncatum is cut as a scion spike strip, the leaf is cut off, the leaf stalk is slightly longer than the bud, and the bottom end of the spike strip is immersed in water or wrapped by wet cloth;
in an embodiment of the invention, the scion is selected from the middle-upper sunny position of the acer truncatum mother tree, and the current-year semi-lignified branch which is robust in development and full in axillary buds is cut as the scion (also called as scion) to ensure the survival rate of grafting. And before grafting, keeping the lower part of the scion to be immersed in water for 5-10 cm, preferably 8 cm. And (3) the scion can be picked and grafted at any time, and the scion which can not be grafted on the same day can be placed in a refrigerator at 4-5 ℃ for refrigeration, so that the scion can keep activity before grafting.
(3) Grafting: selecting stocks with the same thickness as the scion, grafting and pasting the bud slices cut from the scion onto the stock interfaces in a bud grafting mode with xylem, aligning cambium layers of the stocks and the stocks, and winding and fixing the upper and lower interfaces of the bud slices by using plastic strips to only expose leaf stalks and bud eyes.
In one embodiment of the invention, the rootstock is treated as follows before grafting: after the parts of the rootstocks, which are 25-30 cm higher than the ground, are cut off, the side branches and leaves of the parts, which are within 10-15 cm away from the ground, are cut off in a sticking mode, a smooth area is reserved for grafting, and in addition, 4-8 leaves are reserved on the upper portions of the rootstocks for manufacturing nutrients.
In one embodiment of the invention, grafting is by budding with xylem. Because the bud at the base of the branch is slow to sprout and weak to grow, the plump bud at the middle upper part of the scion strip is selected as the scion bud. When cutting and grafting the bud, firstly, a cut is obliquely cut from the position about 2cm above the bud to the position below the bud, and then, an oblique cut (with an angle of 30 degrees) is cut from the position about 1cm below the bud to the bottom of the cut to obtain the shield-shaped bud slice. The scutellum bud slices are 2.5-3 cm long, 2-5 mm thick and not more than 1/2 of the diameter of the scion, and the buds have xylem.
The rootstock interface is cut in a similar mode, specifically, a shield-shaped skin block which is provided with a xylem and is consistent with the size and the shape of a bud slice is cut at the position of the rootstock, which is about 10cm away from the ground. The cut surface of the rootstock is longer than that of the scion bud, and the depth of the cut surface cannot exceed 1/3 of the diameter of the rootstock.
Aligning cambiums of the two plants during grafting, and embedding the cut shield-shaped bud slices into a stock interface to ensure that the lower ends of the bud slices are closely connected with the stock section; then the bud slices are wound and fixed by plastic strips, and only the petioles and the bud eyes are exposed. The cut of the bud slice is sealed by a plastic strip during winding, so that rainwater is prevented from entering the infected part and decaying.
(6) And (3) management after grafting: after grafting, the sprouts above and below the grafted bud sheets on the rootstock are removed, and after 1 week, whether the grafted buds survive is checked.
In one embodiment of the invention, the scion bud is bright green, or the petiole is alive as soon as it is touched, and the wound plastic strip can be removed after the joint is completely healed.
During the period, the water and fertilizer management is enhanced, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time. When the scion shoots grow to about 10cm, the rootstock is cut off about 2cm away from the upper parts of the scion buds, the scion buds are lightly clamped on the rootstock by a clamp, so that wind break is prevented, the seedlings can be straight up and down, and the grafting survival rate reaches 85-95%.
The applicant cultivated acer truncatum by the above-mentioned bud grafting seedling method in Qingdao, i.e., black nursery base, from 2018, No. 2 and No. 25 to 2019, 2 as an example, and examples 1 and 2 were performed by different experimenters in the same manner, and a conventional hard branch grafting manner was used as a comparative example. After 1 week of grafting, the grafted bud is green or the leaf stalk falls off by touch and is regarded as survival. The survival rate and other data of the acer truncatum in the two modes are counted, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Examples/comparative examples | Grafting number of Acer truncatum | Number of surviving (plant) | Survival rate (%) | Superiority in traits |
| Example 1 | 100 | 89 | 89％ | Good wine |
| Example 2 | 100 | 92 | 92％ | Good wine |
| Comparative example | 100 | 24 | 24％ | Good wine |
The hard branch grafting generally adopts a cleft grafting mode, and the survival rate is between 20 and 30 percent. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the hard branch grafting method, the bud grafting seedling method provided by the invention can significantly improve the grafting survival rate of Acer truncatum. Because the characters after grafting are expressed as the characters of the scions, the two seedling raising methods can keep the characteristics of the scions.
And (3) changing the immersion depth of the lower part of the scion before grafting in the step (2) in water. The time for immersing the scion into the culture medium is 2 hours from picking to grafting, and other operation modes are the same as example 1. After 1 week of grafting, the grafted bud is green or the leaf stalk falls off by touch and is regarded as survival. The depth of immersion and the survival rate are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, under the same other operation modes, the grafting survival rate is higher when the immersion depth of the scion is 5-10 cm, and the survival rate is correspondingly reduced when the immersion depth is lower than 8cm or higher than 12 cm.
And (4) after the grafting is finished and the scion is survived in the step (4), removing the wound plastic strips, changing the operation mode when the young shoots of the scion grow to about 10cm, observing the seedling form after one month, and recording the seedling form in a table 3.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, after the scion survives and the young shoot grows to 10cm, the rootstock is cut off about 2cm away from the upper part of the scion bud, the scion bud is lightly clamped on the rootstock by a clamp, the occurrence of wind fracture of the young shoot can be prevented, and the nursery stock is straight up and down, so that the shape of the nursery stock is more attractive. If the stock is cut off and fixed by binding, the scion bud is easy to break, and if the stock is kept too long or subsequent operation is not performed, the nursery stock is easy to bend obliquely and even die.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A bud grafting seedling raising method of acer truncatum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation and treatment of rootstock: selecting acer truncatum seedlings which are robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, 1-2 years old and 1-3 cm in ground diameter from the beginning of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, cutting the acer truncatum seedlings along the ground, and reserving 1 robust young sprout to allow the young seedlings to grow as a grafting stock;
(2) preparing and treating scions: in the middle ten days of 5 months to the late ten days of 6 months, the current-year semi-lignified branch of acer truncatum is cut as a scion spike, the leaves are cut off, the petioles are slightly longer than the buds, and the bottom end of the spike is immersed in water or wrapped by wet cloth;
(3) grafting: selecting a stock with the thickness approximately equal to that of a scion, grafting and sticking bud slices cut from the scion onto a stock interface in a bud grafting mode with xylem, aligning cambium layers of the stock and the scion, and winding and fixing the upper and lower interfaces of the bud slices by using plastic strips to only expose a leaf stalk and bud eyes;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, the sprouts above and below the grafted bud sheets on the rootstock are removed, and after 1 week, whether the grafted buds survive is checked.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the lower part of the scion is kept immersed in water for 5-10 cm before grafting.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the scion is picked and grafted at the same time, and the scion which cannot be grafted on the same day is refrigerated in a refrigerator at 4-5 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the rootstock is subjected to the following treatments before grafting: after the parts of the rootstocks, which are 25-30 cm higher than the ground, are cut off, the side branches and leaves of the parts, which are within 10-15 cm away from the ground, are cut off in a sticking mode, a smooth area is reserved for grafting, and in addition, 4-8 leaves are reserved on the upper portions of the rootstocks for manufacturing nutrients.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the grafting adopts a bud grafting method with xylem, and specifically, when the bud is cut, a cut is firstly obliquely cut towards the lower part of the bud at a position about 2cm above the bud, and then the cut is obliquely cut to the bottom of the previous cut at a position about 1cm below the bud to obtain a shield-shaped bud slice, wherein the oblique cutting angle is 30 degrees.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the scutellum is 2.5-3 cm long and 2-5 mm thick, and the thickness of the scutellum does not exceed 1/2 of the diameter of the scion, and the scutellum is xylem.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4), a position of the rootstock about 10cm away from the ground is selected, and a peltate skin with xylem and consistent with the size and shape of the bud piece is cut off.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the cambium of the rootstock and the bud sheet is aligned during grafting, and the cut shield-shaped bud sheet is embedded into the rootstock interface, so that the lower end of the bud sheet is closely connected with the tangent plane of the rootstock; then the bud slices are wound and fixed by plastic strips, and only the petioles and the bud eyes are exposed.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the scion bud is fresh green, or the petiole is alive as soon as it is touched, and the wound plastic strip is removed after the joint is completely healed.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the young shoot of the scion grows to about 10cm, the rootstock is cut off about 2cm from the upper part of the scion, and the scion is fixed on the surface of the rootstock by a clamp.
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| CN112868454A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 青岛市林木种苗站 | Cultivation method of acer truncatum clump trunks |
| CN115211293A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-21 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches |
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| CN115211293A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-21 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches |
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