CN112868454A - Cultivation method of acer truncatum clump trunks - Google Patents
Cultivation method of acer truncatum clump trunks Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868454A CN112868454A CN202110037414.1A CN202110037414A CN112868454A CN 112868454 A CN112868454 A CN 112868454A CN 202110037414 A CN202110037414 A CN 202110037414A CN 112868454 A CN112868454 A CN 112868454A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of acer truncatum clumps, which comprises the steps of seed selection and seedling raising, seedling selection and field planting, seedling pruning, secondary seedling selection and finished seedling cultivation. Wherein, the pruning of the nursery stock comprises that after the nursery stock maintained for one year is stumped in early spring of the third year, branches of 5, 7 and 9 are left on the germinated branch, and the nursery stock can be shaped after summer pruning and winter pruning are carried out in the next two years. The method is characterized in that one seedling is cultivated into a cluster-stem seedling type, and the natural property of the seedling is met. Can overcome the problem of poor dryness of acer truncatum, and form a cluster trunk seedling with straight branches, uniform distribution and plump and uneven crown of the tree crown. The seedlings are selected and transplanted for a plurality of times, so that the healthy growth and the later landscape effect of the seedlings are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant trunk culture, in particular to a cultivation method of acer truncatum.
Background
Acer mono Maxim, also known as Acer truncatum and Acer sinensis, is a deciduous tree of Acer of Aceraceae and is 8-10 m high. It is widely distributed in northeast, northwest, west to Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, south to Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui provinces. The acer truncatum has the advantages of yin resistance, preference for warm, cool and humid climate, strong cold resistance, low requirement on soil, and capability of growing in acid soil, neutral soil and calcareous soil. Has stronger resistance to sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride and stronger dust adsorption capability. The acer truncatum has red tender leaves, yellow, red or purple leaves, beautiful tree appearance and beautiful leaf shape, is an excellent foliage tree species, is suitable for being used as a shade tree, a street tree or a landscape forest tree species, and is mainly used for landscape greening at present.
The acer truncatum bunge is not straight in dryness and easy to bend, once the sprouts and the apical buds are damaged, the inclination of lower side branches is larger, and good dryness is difficult to keep; the method of multi-seedling split planting is mostly adopted for culturing the clump stem seedlings, the seedlings are quickly formed, but due to the individual difference of the seedlings, the late differentiation is large, the phenomenon of single tree death is easy to occur, and the landscape effect is influenced.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of acer truncatum clumps to improve the landscape effect of acer truncatum clumps seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a cultivation method of acer truncatum clumps, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: sowing Acer truncatum seeds in a field for seedling culture, and culturing for 1 year to obtain nursery stocks;
preferably, the seeds are full-grain, shiny seeds that grow robust mother trees.
(2) Selecting seedlings and planting: selecting nursery stocks which are free of diseases and insect pests, strong in growth, developed in root systems, 0.8-1.2 cm in ground diameter and 0.8-1 m in seedling height, and maintaining for one year;
preferably, after selecting the nursery stock, planting the nursery stock into the row spacing of 1.5 multiplied by 1.5m, and then maintaining. The adoption of the row spacing of the plants can realize reasonable close planting, improve the land utilization rate, facilitate the formation of the nursery stocks and the dryness and the height of the nursery stocks.
(3) Pruning the nursery stock: after the nursery stock maintained for one year is stumped in early spring of the third year, branches of 5, 7 and 9 are left on the germinated branch, summer pruning and winter pruning are carried out in the next two years, and the nursery stock can be formed;
stumping refers to a method for cutting off all branches from the root neck of a seedling after transplanting for 2 to 3 years, so that the straight and thick trunk can be sent out again. Preferably, stumping of the seedlings is generally carried out at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months, and stumping of 2-3 cm is reserved before germination. In fact, "third year early spring stumping" refers to the third year from sowing. The meaning of "leave 5, 7, 9 branches" is that if the number of the sprouting branches of the nursery stock is less, 5 branches are kept; if the number of the sprouting branches is large, 9 branches are reserved; if the number of the sprouting branches is in the middle, 7 branches are reserved.
Preferably, after stumping, covering 5cm of thick soil above the root of the seedling, so that more new branches can be promoted to sprout, the branches can grow upwards, and the inclination angle is reduced.
Preferably, when the new branches of the seedlings grow to the height of 30-50 cm, 5, 7 or 9 branches are left on each seedling. As the seedlings have more branches in one year, the branch retaining principle is to remove weak branches and uniformly distribute the branches around the seedlings.
Preferably, summer pruning and winter pruning are repeated.
Preferably, the top superiority of the newly grown trunk of each branch is guaranteed through pruning in summer, when the lateral branches at the top end grow to 10-15 cm, the lateral branches are tied to the trunk and extend along the same direction as the trunk to serve as the newly grown trunk, the other lateral branches are pinched to inhibit the growth of the newly grown trunk, and the lateral branches within 30cm from the ground are all pruned, so that plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced, and management is facilitated.
Preferably, winter pruning is carried out after winter defoliation, competitive branches of the current annual branches of the new trunk which are 10cm below the base are all removed, the shortest new trunk is taken as a standard, each new trunk is cut to the approximately same height, lateral branches are cut and truncated to be evenly distributed and not overlapped, the inner trunk branches are pruned by attaching trunks, and the lateral branches within 50cm above the ground are all removed.
Preferably, through summer pruning and winter pruning of the first year, after sprouting in the spring of the second year, in time clear away the lateral bud that sprout tillers and trunk liftoff within 50cm, guarantee the apical dominance of newborn trunk, if the newborn trunk has the defect phenomenon, need tie the strong lateral branch below the newborn trunk to the newborn trunk, come to act as the newborn trunk, summer pruning of the second year is with the first year, winter pruning newborn trunk keeps 80cm length, cut that exceeds this length, other pruning is with the first year, through 2 years' cultivation, acer truncatum clump dry seedlings can the shaping.
(4) Selecting seedlings for the second time: further sub-planting the cultured and formed nursery stocks according to the branch number, preferably selecting the row spacing of 4 x 4m or more;
preferably, the term "further sub-planting according to the branch number" means that the nursery stocks with 5, 7 and 9 branches are sub-planted to the same nursery according to the same branch number, so that the later cultivation and application are convenient. Selecting cluster dry seedlings with uniform branches and good dryness while separately planting, and removing nursery stocks with poor shapes to prepare for fine-quality seedling establishment. During separate planting, the seedlings can be planted in a field or a container and selected according to different conditions.
Preferably, the division is performed in winter or spring.
(5) Culturing finished seedlings: because the separate planting is carried out in winter or spring, the trimming of the separate planting in the current year is the same as the trimming in winter of the first year, the height of the nursery stock in one year is cultured to be more than 4 meters, the competitive branches are properly trimmed in winter of the second year, the nursery stock is not trimmed any more, and the landscape application can be realized after the cultivation for 2 years.
Preferably, in order to ensure the evenness of the branches, the angle is controlled to be 20-25 degrees through branch pulling. The angle is the included angle between the newly-grown trunk and the vertical direction.
Preferably, each branch of the finished seedling has a lateral branch more than 50cm from the ground, the thickness of each branch is consistent, and the crown is full and uniform and is not inclined to the crown.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a cultivation method of acer truncatum clumps, which comprises the steps of seed selection and seedling raising, seedling selection and field planting, seedling pruning, secondary seedling selection and finished seedling cultivation. Wherein, the pruning of the nursery stock comprises that after the nursery stock maintained for one year is stumped in early spring of the third year, branches of 5, 7 and 9 are left on the germinated branch, and the nursery stock can be shaped after summer pruning and winter pruning are carried out in the next two years. The method is characterized in that one seedling is cultivated into a cluster-stem seedling type, and the natural property of the seedling is met. Can overcome the problem of poor dryness of acer truncatum, and form a cluster trunk seedling with straight branches, uniform distribution and plump and uneven crown of the tree crown. The seedlings are selected and transplanted for a plurality of times, so that the healthy growth and the later landscape effect of the seedlings are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a stem of Acer truncatum cultivated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of a dry acer truncatum seedling obtained by culturing in another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a secondary dry cultivation method of acer truncatum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: and (3) selecting full and glossy seeds from the seeds of the strong and strong mother tree, sowing and raising seedlings in a field, and culturing for 1 year to obtain the seedlings.
(2) Selecting seedlings and planting: selecting nursery stocks which are free of diseases and insect pests, strong in growth, developed in root systems, 0.8-1.2 cm in ground diameter and 0.8-1 m in height, planting the nursery stocks into 1.5 x 1.5m plant-row spacing, and maintaining for one year.
(3) Pruning the nursery stock: in early spring of the third year, 2-3 cm of stumping is reserved before the seedlings which are maintained for one year sprout. After stumping, covering 5cm of thick soil above the root of the seedling. And (3) when the new branches of the seedlings grow to about 30-50 cm, leaving 5, 7 or 9 branches for each seedling, removing weak branches, and uniformly distributing the branches around the seedlings. And pruning in summer and winter in the next two years to form the nursery stock.
And (3) pruning in summer to ensure the top superiority of the newly grown trunk of each branch, binding the lateral branches at the top end on the trunk when the lateral branches at the top end grow to 10-15 cm, extending the lateral branches along the same direction with the trunk to serve as the newly grown trunk, pinching other lateral branches to inhibit the growth of the newly grown trunk, and pruning all the lateral branches within 30cm away from the ground.
Trimming in winter is carried out after leaves fall in winter, removing all competitive branches of the current-year branches of the new trunks which are 10cm below the base, taking the shortest new trunk as a standard, cutting each new trunk to about the same height, trimming and cutting side branches to ensure that the side branches are uniformly distributed and not overlapped, trimming the trunk of the intercalary branch, and removing all the side branches within 50cm above the ground.
After summer pruning and winter pruning in the first year, and sprouting and lateral buds of the trunk within 50cm of the ground are removed in time after sprouting in the spring of the second year, so that the top advantages of the new trunk are ensured, and if the new trunk has a defect phenomenon, strong lateral branches below the new trunk need to be tied to the new trunk to serve as the new trunk. The summer pruning in the second year is the same as the first year, the winter pruning is carried out on the new trunk to keep the length of 80cm, the trunk which exceeds the length is cut off, and the other pruning is the same as the first year. Through 2 years of culture, the acer truncatum bunge clump dry seedlings can be formed.
(4) Selecting seedlings for the second time: transplanting the cultured and formed seedlings into a field in winter or spring according to the branch number, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 4 x 4m or 5 x 4 m.
(5) Culturing finished seedlings: pruning in the same year as pruning in winter in the first year in the field, and controlling the included angle between the newly-grown trunk and the vertical direction at 20-25 degrees by pulling branches in order to ensure the uniformity of the branches. The height of the seedlings in one year can reach more than 4 meters, the competitive branches are properly pruned in winter in the next year, the seedlings are not pruned, and the seedlings can be cultivated for 2 years after separate planting, so that landscape application can be realized. Each branch of the obtained finished seedling has a lateral branch more than 50cm away from the ground, the thickness of each branch is consistent, and the crown is full and uniform and is not inclined to the crown.
The method is characterized in that a clump of dry seedlings is cultivated by one seedling, and the clump of dry seedlings is more consistent with the natural beauty of the tree than a plurality of clump of dry seedlings which are planted together. And the branch thickness of the stem seedlings is uniform, the branch angle is about 20 degrees, the opening angle is reasonable, the tree crowns are full and not deviated from the crowns, and the rate of fine seedlings out of nursery is high. The cultivated acer truncatum bunge is in a tree shape with 5 branches from the trunk as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
The applicant cultivated acer truncatum bugs in Qingdao, i.e. a black nursery base by the above-mentioned clump dry cultivation method as an example from 2015, month 2 and 25 to 2019, month 2, and the operation of the example was changed to obtain the following results:
example 1
Changing the growth and maintenance years of the nursery stock in the step (2), and then carrying out pruning operation, wherein the branch development condition of the nursery stock after half a year of stumping is shown in table 1, and the nursery stock is not branched and is not subjected to subsequent summer pruning and winter pruning.
TABLE 1
The seedling culture years in table 1 correspond to the years of 0, 1, 2, and 3 years of maintenance after seedling selection and field planting after 1 year of culture after broadcast sowing and seedling culture. As can be seen from Table 1, under the same operation mode, the seedling raising time is different, and the seedling state after stumping is also different. The seedling raising time is less than 1 year, the number of branches of the seedlings is less, and the subsequent cultivation and forming are not facilitated. When the seedling culture time is 2 years, although the branch number is increased, the wound is larger after stumping, which is not beneficial to seedling recovery. The sprouting ability decreases over 2 years. Therefore, the effect of seedling cultivation is better in 1-2 years, and the effect of seedling cultivation in 1 year is the best.
Example 2
After the stumping and branching in the step (3) are changed, the summer pruning mode in the next two years is changed, and the specific setting and the seedling forming condition are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, straightening the lateral branches in summer pruning is a key link for culturing acer truncatum clump seedlings. The new lateral branches serving as the main branches are straightened and extend along the main branches in one direction every year, each branch of the nursery stock is straight and uniform, and the shape of the nursery stock is more attractive.
Example 3
After stumping and branching in the step (3), the pruning modes in summer and winter in the next two years are changed, and the specific settings and the seedling forming conditions are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from table 2, after stumping and branching, the pruning pattern in summer and winter in the next two years directly affects the seedling morphology. The main function of summer pruning is to straighten the lateral branches and extend the lateral branches to the trunk in one direction, so that each branch of the nursery stock is straight and uniform. The main function of pruning in winter is to balance the strength of each branch to be consistent, increase the height of the trunk through trunk pruning, remove the over dense branches and balance the tree vigor.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the acer truncatum clump trunk is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) seed selection and seedling raising: sowing Acer truncatum seeds in a field for seedling culture, and culturing for 1 year to obtain nursery stocks;
(2) selecting seedlings and planting: selecting nursery stocks which are free of diseases and insect pests, strong in growth, developed in root systems, 0.8-1.2 cm in ground diameter and 0.8-1 m in seedling height, and maintaining for one year;
(3) pruning the nursery stock: after the nursery stock maintained for one year is stumped in early spring of the third year, branches of 5, 7 and 9 are left on the germinated branch, summer pruning and winter pruning are carried out in the next two years, and the nursery stock can be formed;
(4) selecting seedlings for the second time: further separately planting the cultured and formed nursery stocks according to the branch number;
(5) culturing finished seedlings: trimming in the same year as trimming in winter in the first year, trimming the competition branches in winter in the second year, trimming the nursery stocks in the next year, and culturing for 2 years after the separate planting to obtain the landscape application.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), after the nursery stock is selected, the nursery stock is planted to a row spacing of 1.5 x 1.5m, and then is maintained.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), stumping of the seedlings is carried out at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months, and stumping of 2-3 cm is reserved before germination.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), 5cm of thick soil is covered above the roots of the seedlings after stumping.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the new branches of the seedlings grow to a height of 30-50 cm, 5, 7 or 9 branches are left on each seedling, weak branches are removed, and the branches are uniformly distributed around the seedlings.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the side branches at the top end grow to 10-15 cm during summer pruning, the side branches are tied to the trunk and extend along the same direction with the trunk to serve as a new trunk, the other side branches are pinched to inhibit the growth of the side branches, and the side branches within 30cm from the ground are all pruned.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), winter pruning is performed after winter defoliation, competitive branches of the annual new trunk located 10cm below the base are all removed, each new trunk is cut to about the same height with the lowest new trunk as a standard, lateral branches are cut loosely and short to be uniformly distributed without overlapping, the intercalary branch is pruned, and lateral branches within 50cm from the ground are all removed.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after summer pruning and winter pruning for the first year, the lateral buds within 50cm from the ground of the tillers and the trunk are removed after germination in the spring of the second year, if the new trunk has a defect phenomenon, strong lateral branches under the new trunk are tied to the new trunk to serve as the new trunk, summer pruning for the second year is the same as the first year, winter pruning for the new trunk remains 80cm in length, beyond which truncation is performed, and other pruning is the same as the first year.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the division planting is performed in winter or spring.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the included angle between the new trunk and the vertical direction is controlled to be 20-25 degrees by branch pulling after the branch planting.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114631457A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-17 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for promoting color generation of acer truncatum by pruning |
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Address after: No.204, Hong Kong East Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000 Applicant after: Qingdao forest seedling station Applicant after: Qingdao Toutou Ecological Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.204, Hong Kong East Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000 Applicant before: Qingdao forest seedling station Applicant before: Qingdao Toutou Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd. |
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