CN113475301A - High-light-efficiency tree form pruning method for recurrent bearing branches of main branches of peach trees - Google Patents
High-light-efficiency tree form pruning method for recurrent bearing branches of main branches of peach trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-light-efficiency tree form pruning method for recurrent bearing branches of main branches of peach trees, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method is characterized in that aiming at the characteristic of strong top dominant growth of the peach tree, a Y-shaped high-luminous-efficiency tree structure with two main branches matched with a pruning method for alternate bearing branches of the main branches is formed by establishing the tree structure; cultivating the drawn branch group; an extension head is made to form a growth head to guide the main branches to grow; the bearing branches are determined, the bearing branches are cultivated and updated every year, the bearing positions of the bearing branches are guaranteed not to move outwards, the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of trees is maintained to the maximum extent, the bearing branches are cyclically grown around main branches, all the bearing branches can receive high-light-efficiency tree shapes with direct sunlight for more than 2 hours every day, better photo-thermal microclimate ecological conditions in crowns are created, a more stable high-yield frame is built through accurate fruit setting, and the quality of the fruits of the juicy peaches is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-light-efficiency tree form pruning method for recurrent bearing branches of main branches of peach trees.
Background
The top dominance of peach tree growth is strong, and the growth is particularly vigorous in the 5, 6 and 8 months of each year. The scientific and reasonable pruning is the basis for overcoming and balancing the top growth advantages of peach trees and obtaining high and stable yield of the peach orchard, and the commercial peach orchard must maintain ventilation and light transmission by pruning a basic tree shape in winter and pruning sparse and dense branches in summer and autumn every year; if the pruning can not be carried out scientifically and reasonably, branches of the peach orchard are often in a state of vigorous growth and closed closure, the phenomena of flower and fruit dropping, withering of the branches at the middle and lower parts of main branches, and planar fruit changing from three-dimensional fruit after fruit position outward movement are caused, so that the yield and the quality are reduced, and meanwhile, the harm of diseases and insects is increased. The traditional pruning method is pruning of short branches, and the technical key is complex, high in cost, difficult to control tree vigor and prone to causing diseases to peach trees due to excessive wounds. In long-branch pruning and other extended pruning methods popularized in recent years, due to the fact that no clear tree structure exists, the pruning technology cannot be standardized and simplified, and excessive fruiting branch groups influence the reasonable distribution of fruiting branches and the high light efficiency characteristic of the whole tree form of the peach tree, and are not beneficial to high yield, stable yield and high quality. The development of the pruning method which is suitable for simplification, standardization and mechanization of the peach orchard enables a machine to replace manpower to a greater extent, reduces the pruning and management cost of the tree body of the peach orchard, and meets the requirement of development of the peach industry from intensive use of working types to labor saving and cost saving type modern fruit industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention forms a Y-shaped high-luminous-efficiency tree structure of two main branches matched with a pruning method of alternate bearing branches of the main branches by establishing a tree structure; cultivating the drawn branch group; an extension head is made to form a growth head to guide the main branches to grow; the method has the advantages that fruiting branches are determined, the updated fruiting branches are cultivated every year, the fruiting branch transplanting positions are prevented from moving outwards, the problems that a traditional pruning method is complex and difficult to learn and master, a peach orchard is difficult to mechanically operate, tree vigor is difficult to balance, illumination resources are not sufficiently utilized and the like are solved, the nutritional growth vigor of tree branches and tips is well relieved, the growth of competitive branches is inhibited, the balance of nutritional growth and reproductive growth of trees is maintained, better photo-thermal micro-climate ecological conditions in crowns are created, a more stable high-yield and high-yield frame is built by accurately setting fruits, the peach orchard is facilitated to be mechanically pruned and simplified, the peach orchard is promoted to enter the full bearing season and not to be early aged, and meanwhile the quality and the yield of the peach fruits are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-light-efficiency tree form pruning method for recurrent bearing branches of main branches of peach trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) building a tree structure:
firstly, making a planting foundation: grafted seedlings in autumn of the previous year are planted in 2 months of the next year, the south and the north are planted in rows, the row spacing is 5m, and the plant spacing is 2 m.
And then shaping and pruning to enable the trunk and the two selected main branches to form a Y-shaped tree structure. The specific method comprises the following steps: and (3) directly cutting off the upper trunk at a position 50cm away from the ground when the peach seedlings are planted, and selecting two tender tips which are divergently arranged in the east-west direction as main branches for cultivation after tender shoots grow within 20cm below the cut of the trunk in spring, and letting the tender shoots grow freely. Meanwhile, 2 east-west standby young shoots are reserved on the trunk, and when the young shoots grow to 15-20cm, pinching is carried out to form a plurality of functional leaves, so that the rapid growth of the peach tree is promoted. When pruning is carried out in summer in the current year of field planting, if the growth of the selected main branch is good, pruning branches grown by the standby tender tips, and if the selected main branch is damaged or the growth is not ideal, starting the standby tender tips to prune and manage according to the method for cultivating the main branch; and (3) for the peach seedlings planted in the field, when the height of the peach seedlings does not reach 50cm, picking and drying the peach seedlings when the trunks of the peach seedlings grow to 50cm in spring, and then, carrying out the operation according to the method for shaping and trimming after drying. In the 2 nd to 3 rd year, the two main branches maintain the free growth at an included angle of 45 to 55 degrees through shaping and pruning, and the total length of the two main branches from the ground to the top of the main trunk reaches 3.0 to 3.5m respectively in winter in the 3 rd year. Through the shaping measures such as traction or support guiding and the like, and through the pruning measures such as pinching or twisting the newly-germinated strong new branches on the main branches in summer, thinning the dense branches in the inner chamber in winter and the like, the two main branches are ensured to grow according to the target direction, and the main branches are ventilated and transparent up and down. Except the control branch group, all the bearing branches are grown around the main branch, and the distance between the upper bearing branch and the lower bearing branch of the main branch is 10-15 cm.
2) Cultivating the drawn branch group: 1 fruiting big branch group which weakens the top superiority of the peach tree and promotes the quick thickening action of the lower part of the main branch is cultivated in each 1 main branch to form a restraining branch group. The method comprises the following steps: from the beginning of winter pruning in the 1 st year of field planting, purposefully reserving 2 branches meeting the condition of cultivating the drawn branch group for cultivation in each main branch within the height range of 80-100cm from the ground below the main branch, selecting 1 branch to be pruned and cultivated into the drawn branch group in summer pruning in the 2 nd year, and pruning the other 1 branch. The orientation of south or north and the opening angle of the drawn branch group formed by pruning form an angle of 0-10 degrees with the horizontal line, the number of the bearing branches is about 6-7, the distance between the bearing branches on the branch group shaft is 15-20cm, and the distance between the bearing branches on the same side is 30-40 cm. When the axle thickness of the branch group exceeds 1/3 of the main branch thickness 5cm below the impacted part of the restraining branch group or the restraining branch group is aged and damaged along with the continuous growth of the peach tree, a backup branch needs to be selected and reserved in summer and autumn and the restraining branch group needs to be updated when the peach tree is pruned in winter, and the updating requirement is the same as the requirement. Updating the drawn branch group by two ways, wherein the first way is to update the inferior dorsal upper branch of the annual bearing branch in the growth potential sent by the base of the annual bearing branch by throwing and releasing the superior upper branch within the 80-100cm range from the ground, and the known method of retracting the bearing branch group is adopted during pruning to retract the bearing mother branch to the robust branch of the base for updating; the second mode is simpler and is to directly use the new branch sent from the main branch within 80-100cm from the ground for updating.
3) An extension head is prepared: selecting and reserving 1 branch with proper top end of the main branch, and trimming to form an extension head for guiding the growth of the main branch to control the condition of over-vigorous vegetative growth caused by multiple-bud germination brought by the top end advantages of the main branch, thereby realizing the balance of tree vigor and the control of excessive growth. Each main branch has 1 extending head.
Selection of an extension head: firstly, when pruning is carried out in winter every year, according to the target requirement that an included angle of 45-55 degrees is formed between two main branches, the rush branches in the target direction of the top ends of the main branches are selected to guide the main branches to grow without being cut short. And secondly, cutting off the main branches above the base of the cupola branches which are reserved as the extension heads, and guiding the whole main branch to grow by the extension heads. And thirdly, cutting all branches within a range of 60cm below the top end of the extending head to ensure the uniaxial extension of the extending head and maintain the proper growth advantage of the top end.
Cultivation and management of the extension head: and (3) thinning and removing all flowers and fruits within the range of 60cm below the top end of the extension head during flower and fruit management. When pruning is carried out in summer, excessively strong branches near the extending heads of the main branches are thinned and removed, and single-axis extension is ensured, so that growth is controlled, fruit dropping at the middle lower parts of the main branches is prevented, the branches are withered and the like.
The head of the extension head is replaced, the extension head which is formed by pruning in winter in the last year and guides the growth becomes a component part of the upper part of the main branch; when the total length of the main branches from the ground to the top of the main branches reaches 3.0-3.5m, the head of the extension head is replaced and updated. And the head changing and updating is to select a new branch with the target direction of the upper part of the main branch and the base thickness meeting the requirement at the position with the height of about 3m of the main branch to prepare a new extension head, and the operation is carried out according to the method for preparing the extension head during pruning.
4) Determination and updating of the bearing branches: and pruning to determine bearing branches according to the requirement of directly rotating the bearing branches on the main branches, wherein all the bearing branches are long and not short. And (3) from the beginning of winter pruning in the first year, strengthening and weakening the fruiting branches, and selectively reserving 1 current-year-old branch at the upper part and the lower part of the main branch at intervals of 10-15cm around the main branch, so that the distance between the fruiting branches reserved in the same direction from the upper part to the lower part of the main branch reaches 30-40 cm. The 2-year-old peach tree mainly comprises a long and large thick peach tree framework, each main branch retains the test result within 5 fruits, and other flowers and fruits are removed completely. The peach trees grow for 3 years and come later and fruit normally. The fruiting branches are updated every year, the fruiting branches are bent and drooped in the updating process, or the base parts of the fruiting branches are led to sprout new branches by taking measures of branch stroking, branch twisting and the like, or strong branches which are directly newly germinated in 4 and 5 months and are truncated on the main branches ensure that new branches are extracted below the short truncating openings before the middle ten days of 6 months; when the bearing branches are cut in winter, 1 robust medieval new shoot directly emitted from the base of the bearing branch or the main branch is selected as the bearing branch in the next year, so that annual updating is realized, the bearing branch part in the year does not move outwards, and the tree body continuously keeps strong bearing capacity without premature senility.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the restriction factors of more follow-up problems, high labor cost and the like of the traditional pruning, the method solves the problems of complex and difficult learning, difficult mastering, difficult mechanical operation of the peach orchard, difficult tree vigor balance, insufficient utilization of illumination resources and the like of the traditional pruning method in the production management process of the peach orchard, and realizes simplified pruning of the peach tree and high-quality, premature, high-yield and stable production of commercial peaches. After the pruning is carried out by using the method, the pruning quantity in summer and autumn is small, the mechanized operation is convenient, and the labor cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
1) Building a tree structure: firstly, a planting foundation is made. Determining a target from garden building, arranging a road ditch according to a preferably mechanized requirement, planting peach tree seedlings grafted in the last autumn in the next 2 months according to a high light efficiency requirement, and adopting south-north planting rows with the row spacing of 5m and the plant spacing of 2 m. Secondly, shaping and pruning the trunk and the two selected main branches to form a Y-shaped basic tree form, which comprises the following specific steps: the height of the peach seedlings to be planted exceeds 50cm, the upper trunk is cut off by a pruning tool directly at a position 50cm away from the ground during planting, when the tender shoots grow in spring within a range of 20cm below the cut of the trunk, two tender shoots distributed in an east-west direction are selected as main branches for cultivation, and the main branches are allowed to grow freely; meanwhile, 2 east-west standby young shoots are reserved on the trunk, and when the young shoots grow to 15-20cm, the young shoots are plucked to form a plurality of functional leaves, so that the rapid growth of the peach tree in spring is promoted. When pruning is carried out in summer in the current year of field planting, if the selected main branches grow well, branches grown by the standby tender tips are pruned, and if the selected main branches are damaged or grow poorly, the standby tender tips are used for pruning and managing according to the method for cultivating the main branches; and (3) for peach seedlings planted in the field, if the height of the peach seedlings is less than 50cm, picking and drying the peach seedlings when the peach seedlings grow to 50cm in spring, and then, carrying out the operation according to the method for shaping and trimming after drying. In the 2 nd to 3 rd year, the two main branches maintain the free growth at an included angle of 45 to 55 degrees through shaping and pruning, and the total length of the two main branches from the ground to the top of the main trunk reaches 3.0 to 3.5m respectively in winter in the 3 rd year. Through shaping measures such as traction or support guiding and the like, and pruning measures such as pinching or twisting of newly-germinated strong new branches on the main branches in summer and thinning of dense branches in an inner chamber in winter, the two main branches are ensured to grow according to the target direction, and the main branches are ventilated and transparent up and down. Except the control branch group, all the bearing branches are grown around the main branch, the distance between the upper bearing branch and the lower bearing branch of the main branch is 10-15cm, and a tree structure with good ventilation and light transmission is formed, all the bearing branches can receive direct sunlight for more than 2 hours every day, and the middle and small parts on the main branch can continuously bear fruits.
2) Cultivating the drawn branch group: 1 fruiting big branch group which weakens the top superiority of the peach tree and promotes the quick thickening action of the lower part of the main branch is cultivated in each 1 main branch to form a restraining branch group. The specific method comprises the following steps: from the beginning of winter pruning in the 1 st year of field planting, purposefully, 2 branches meeting the condition of cultivating the drawn branch group are selected and reserved for each main branch in the height range of 80-100cm from the ground under the main branch for cultivation, 1 branch is selected and cultivated into the drawn branch group when pruning in the 2 nd year of summer, and the other 1 branch is pruned. And aiming at the drawn branch group to be cultivated which does not conform to the opening angle, a drawing and shaping method is adopted to enable the drawn branch group to form a proper opening angle and then the drawn branch group is trimmed. The thickness of the branch group axis of the drawn branch group formed by pruning is less than 1/3 of the thickness of the main branch 5cm below the main branch on the main branch of the drawn branch group, the south or north orientation and the opening angle form an angle of 0-10 degrees with the horizontal line, the number of the bearing branches is about 6-7, the distance between the bearing branches on the branch group axis is 15-20cm, and the distance between the bearing branches on the same side is 30-40 cm. With the continuous growth of the peach trees, when the thickness of the axis of the branch group exceeds 1/3 of the thickness of the main branch at the position 5cm below the implantation position of the restraining branch group, or the restraining branch group is aged and damaged, a backup branch needs to be selected and reserved in summer and autumn, and the restraining branch group is updated when being pruned in winter, and the updating requirement is the same as the requirement. Updating the restraining branch group by two ways, wherein the first way is to update the inferior back superior branch in the growth potential sent by the base of the bearing branch of the annual bearing branch by throwing and releasing the back superior branch within the range of 80-100cm from the ground of the main branch of the previous year, and the known method of retracting the bearing branch group is adopted during pruning to retract the bearing mother branch to the robust branch of the base for updating; the second mode is simpler and is to directly use the new branch sent from the main branch within 80-100cm from the ground for updating.
3) An extension head is prepared: selecting and reserving 1 branch with proper top end of the main branch, and trimming to form an extension head for guiding the growth of the main branch to control the condition of over-vigorous vegetative growth caused by multiple-bud germination brought by the top end advantages of the main branch, thereby realizing the balance of tree vigor and the control of excessive growth. Each main branch has 1 extending head.
Selection of an extension head: firstly, when pruning is carried out in winter every year, selecting the rush branches in the top target direction of the main branches to guide the growth of the main branches without cutting according to the target requirement that the two main branches form an included angle of 45-55 degrees. When no selectable branch exists in the extension line direction of the top end of the main branch, selecting and reserving the branch with the growth angle closest to the target direction, and achieving the target by traction and shaping measures; and secondly, cutting off the main branches above the base of the cupola branches which are reserved as the extension heads, and guiding the whole main branch to grow by the extension heads. And thirdly, cutting all branches within a range of 60cm below the top end of the extending head to ensure the uniaxial extension of the extending head and maintain the proper growth advantage of the top end.
Cultivation and management of the extension head: and (3) thinning and removing all flowers and fruits within the range of 60cm below the top end of the extension head during flower and fruit management. By pruning, the thickness of the extended head of the main branch of the peach tree with stronger tree vigor is controlled to be less than 1/3 of the thickness of the top end of the main branch, and the thickness of the extended head of the main branch of the peach tree with weaker tree vigor is controlled to be within the range close to the thickness of the top end of 1/3 main branches. When pruning is carried out in summer, excessively strong branches near the extending heads of the main branches are thinned and removed, and single-axis extension is ensured, so that growth is controlled, fruit dropping at the middle lower parts of the main branches is prevented, the branches are withered and the like.
Replacing the extension head: the growth-guiding extension head formed by winter pruning in the last year becomes a component of the upper part of the main branch, and the head of the extension head is replaced when the total length of the main branch from the ground at the trunk to the top reaches 3.0-3.5 m. And the head changing and updating is to select a new branch with the target direction of the upper part of the main branch and the base thickness meeting the requirements at the position of the main branch with the height of about 3m to make a new extension head, and during pruning, the branch cutting, the branch pruning, the flower thinning and the fruit thinning are carried out according to the method for making the extension head.
4) Determination and updating of the bearing branches: and pruning to determine bearing branches according to the requirement of directly rotating the bearing branches on the main branches, wherein all the bearing branches are long and not short. And (3) from the beginning of winter pruning in the first year, strengthening and weakening the fruiting branches, and selectively reserving 1 current-year-old branch at the upper part and the lower part of the main branch at intervals of 10-15cm around the main branch, so that the distance between the fruiting branches reserved in the same direction from the upper part to the lower part of the main branch reaches 30-40 cm. The peach trees grown in 2 years are mainly provided with a thick peach tree skeleton growing in a vegetative growth mode, each main branch keeps a test result within 5 fruits, and other flowers and fruits are removed completely. The peach trees grow for 3 years and come later and fruit normally. The fruiting branches are updated every year, the fruiting branches are bent and drooped in the updating process, or the base parts of the fruiting branches are led to sprout new branches by taking measures of branch stroking, branch twisting and the like, or strong branches which are directly newly germinated in 4 and 5 months and are truncated on the main branches ensure that new branches are extracted below the short truncating openings before the middle ten days of 6 months; when the bearing branches are cut in winter, 1 robust medieval new shoot directly emitted from the base of the bearing branch or the main branch is selected and reserved as the bearing branch in the next year. The annual renewal is realized, the bearing branches do not move outwards, and the trees continuously keep strong bearing capacity without premature senility.
In the embodiment, the high-quality and high-light-efficiency peach orchard built by the pruning method has the advantages that the number of high-quality peaches with the single fruit weight of more than 300g in the third year of the orchard building is more than 3200 peaches/mu, and is improved by 28% compared with the number of peaches 2500/mu in the third year of the common long-branch pruning peach orchard. The peach orchard adopting the conventional short-cut branch pruning method only just begins to test fruits, and the commodity peach yield cannot be formed; agricultural machinery can enter a garden to operate to replace a part of people, pruning is simple and labor-saving, and the two labor consumption are saved by more than 35%.
Claims (5)
1. A high-light-efficiency tree form pruning method for recurrent bearing branches of main branches of peach trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) building a tree structure:
firstly, making a planting foundation: adopting grafted seedlings in autumn of the previous year to carry out field planting in 2 months of the next year, planting rows in the south and north directions, wherein the row spacing is 5m, and the plant spacing is 2 m;
secondly, shaping and pruning the trunk and the two selected main branches to form a Y-shaped tree structure, and the method comprises the following steps: the height of a planted peach tree is more than 50cm, an upper trunk is directly cut off at a position 50cm above the ground during planting, when tender shoots grow in the spring within the range of 20cm below a trunk cut, two tender shoots distributed in an east-west direction in a branching mode are selected as main branches for cultivation, and the main branches are allowed to grow freely; meanwhile, 2 east-west standby young shoots are reserved on the trunk, and when the young shoots grow to 15-20cm, pinching is carried out to form a plurality of functional leaves, so that the rapid growth of the peach tree is promoted; when pruning is carried out in summer in the current year of field planting, if the growth of the selected main branch is good, pruning branches grown by the standby tender tips, and if the selected main branch is damaged or the growth is not ideal, starting the standby tender tips to prune and manage according to the method for cultivating the main branch; when the height of the planted peach tree does not reach 50cm, the peach tree trunk is cored and fixed when the peach tree trunk grows to 50cm in spring, and then the operation is carried out according to the method for shaping and trimming after the trunk is fixed; in 2-3 years, the two main branches maintain the free growth at an included angle of 45-55 degrees through shaping and pruning, the total length of the two main branches from the ground to the top end of the main trunk in winter reaches 3.0-3.5m respectively, and the two main branches are ensured to grow according to a target direction through shaping measures such as traction or bracket guide and the like, and pruning measures such as pinching or twisting of newly-germinated strong new branches on the main branches in summer and thinning of excessively dense branches in an inner cavity in winter, so that the main branches are ventilated and transparent up and down; all the bearing branches except the control branch group are grown around the main branch in a rotation mode, and the distance between the upper bearing branch and the lower bearing branch of the main branch is 10-15 cm;
2) cultivating the drawn branch group: 1 fruiting big branch group which weakens the top advantage of the peach tree and promotes the quick thickening action of the lower part of the main branch is cultivated in each 1 main branch to form a restraining branch group; the method comprises the following steps: from the beginning of winter pruning in the 1 st year of field planting, purposefully selecting and reserving 2 branches meeting the condition of cultivating and drawing branches for cultivation in each main branch within the height range of 80-100cm from the ground under the main branch, selecting 1 branch to be cultivated into a drawing branch group when pruning in the 2 nd year of summer, and pruning the other 1 branch; the orientation of south or north and the opening angle of the drawn branch group formed by pruning form an angle of 0-10 degrees with the horizontal line, the number of the bearing branches is 6-7, the distance between the bearing branches on the branch group shaft is 15-20cm, and the distance between the bearing branches on the same side is 30-40 cm; along with the continuous growth of the peach trees, when the thickness of the axis of a branch group exceeds 1/3 of the thickness of a main branch at the position 5cm below the implantation position of a drag branch group, or the drag branch group is aged and damaged, a backup branch is required to be selected and kept in summer and autumn, the drag branch group is updated when the drag branch group is pruned in winter, and a well-known method for retracting the fruiting branch group is adopted to retract a mother branch which has been fruited to the robust branch position of the base part to update by utilizing the fact that the main branch in the last year is 80-100cm away from the ground after throwing and releasing and carrying out updating on the upper back branch in the growth potential sent out from the base part of the bearing branch in the first year;
3) an extension head is prepared: selecting and reserving 1 appropriate branch at the top end of the main branch, and making an extension head for guiding the growth of the main branch to control the condition of over-vigorous vegetative growth caused by multiple-bud germination brought by the top end advantages of the main branch, thereby realizing the balance of tree vigor and the control of excessive growth; 1 extension head per main branch;
selection of an extension head: firstly, selecting a skyrocketing branch in the top target direction of the main branch to guide the growth of the main branch without cutting according to the target requirement that an included angle of 45-55 degrees is formed between two main branches when pruning is carried out in winter every year; secondly, main branches above the base of the cupola branches reserved as the extension heads are cut off, and the extension heads guide the whole main branches to grow; thirdly, cutting all branches within a range of 60cm below the top end of the extension head to ensure the uniaxial extension of the extension head and maintain the proper growth advantage of the top end;
cultivation and management of the extension head: in the management of the flowers and fruits, removing all flowers and fruits within the range of 60cm below the top end of the extension head; when pruning is carried out in summer, excessively strong branches near the extending heads of the main branches are thinned out, and single-axis extension is ensured;
replacing the extension head: the growth-inducing extension head formed by winter pruning in the last year has become an integral part of the upper part of the main branch; when the total length of the main branches from the ground to the top of the main trunk reaches 3.0-3.5m, the head of the extension head is replaced and updated; the head changing and updating is to select a new branch with the target direction of the upper part of the main branch and the base thickness meeting the requirements at the position with the height of about 3m of the main branch to be made into a new extension head, and during pruning, the branch cutting, the branch pruning, the flower thinning and the fruit thinning are carried out according to the method for making the extension head;
4) determination and updating of the bearing branches: pruning and determining bearing branches according to the requirement of directly recurrent bearing branches on the main branches, wherein all the bearing branches are long and not short; starting from winter pruning in the first year, strengthening and weakening fruit branches, and selectively reserving 1 current-year-old branch at the upper part and the lower part of a main branch at intervals of 10-15cm around the main branch, so that the distance between the fruit branches reserved in the same direction from the upper part to the lower part of the main branch reaches 30-40 cm; the 2-year-old peach tree mainly comprises a long and big thick peach tree framework, each main branch retains a test result within 5 fruits, and other flowers and fruits are removed completely; the peach trees grow for 3 years and come later and fruit normally; the fruiting branches are updated every year, the fruiting branches are bent and drooped in the updating process, or the base parts of the fruiting branches are led to sprout new branches by taking measures of branch stroking, branch twisting and the like, or strong branches which are directly newly germinated in 4 and 5 months and are truncated on the main branches ensure that new branches are extracted below the short truncating openings before the middle ten days of 6 months; when the bearing branches are cut in winter, 1 robust medieval new shoot directly emitted from the base of the bearing branch or the main branch is selected and reserved as the bearing branch in the next year.
2. The high-light-efficiency tree pruning method for the recurrent bearing branches of the main branches of the peach trees according to claim 1, wherein the updating of the restraining branch groups in the step 2) is directly performed by using new branch updating sent from the main branches within 80-100cm from the ground.
3. The high-light-efficiency tree pruning method for the recurrent bearing branches of the main branches of the peach trees according to the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the opening angle of the drag branch group in the step 2) forms an angle of 3-8 degrees with the horizontal line.
4. The high-light-efficiency tree pruning method for the recurrent bearing branches of the main branches of the peach trees according to the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the number of the bearing branches of the drag branch group in the step 2) is 6.
5. The high-lighting-effect tree pruning method for the recurrent bearing branches of the main branches of the peach trees according to claim 3, wherein the number of the bearing branches of the drag branch group in the step 2) is 6.
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| CN114303777A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 山东省果树研究所 | Special tree form for facility sweet cherry dwarf stock close planting and trimming method thereof |
| CN115568372A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-06 | 江苏天隆神怡生态农业园有限公司 | Labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach trees |
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| CN114303777A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 山东省果树研究所 | Special tree form for facility sweet cherry dwarf stock close planting and trimming method thereof |
| CN115568372A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-06 | 江苏天隆神怡生态农业园有限公司 | Labor-saving shaping cultivation method for peach trees |
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