CN113317112B - Cherry tree sector shaping method - Google Patents
Cherry tree sector shaping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317112B CN113317112B CN202110794191.3A CN202110794191A CN113317112B CN 113317112 B CN113317112 B CN 113317112B CN 202110794191 A CN202110794191 A CN 202110794191A CN 113317112 B CN113317112 B CN 113317112B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a cherry tree sector shaping method, which comprises the following specific operations: fixing the trunk of a grafted plant planted in the current year for 1 year by 40cm, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management for one year, carrying out 'clear drying' on the plant in the 2 nd year, removing all branches, and germinating the branches again; after the new branches stop growing in autumn, the branches are all bound to a fixed support or a fixed iron wire in a fan shape, all branches are subjected to stem fixing in spring in 3 rd year after field planting to enable the growth heights of the branches to be consistent, main branches are cultured to grow into trunks, the tree shape is a 2D plane fan-shaped tree shape, light receiving is uniform, mechanical operation is facilitated, the distance between each branch and the root is not large, and the tree vigor is relatively balanced. Compared with multi-trunk tree forms such as boughs, UFO and the like, the fan-shaped tree form has the characteristics of moderate tree vigor, good flower formation, high yield and the like, can be planted in two rows, saves land resources and has great application potential in the aspect of facility cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a cherry tree sector shaping method.
Background
At present, sweet cherries have become popular important tree species in local and rural areas, and the development is rapid in recent years. Reasonable cherry tree form management is an important premise for ensuring good fruit quality and high yield. In the existing cherry tree form and shaping method, mechanized operation is mostly not facilitated, the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body are poor, the quality and yield of fruits are affected, the daily management is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the labor cost is higher and higher along with the increasing aging of the population in China, and the development of a fruit tree form convenient for mechanized management is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a novel planar fan-shaped pruning method, the 2D cherry in the planar fan shape after being grown is in a management tree shape, the method has the advantages of tree vigor control, high yield in advance, convenience in picking, convenience in mechanical operation and the like, and the management efficiency is greatly improved.
A sweet cherry planar fan-shaped shaping and trimming method convenient for mechanical trimming comprises the following steps:
(1) after selecting healthy plants which grow for 1 year after grafting and planting the plants in the field, cutting trunks to the height of 35-45cm away from the ground, and managing the trunks with normal water and fertilizer for 1 year;
(2) in spring of the 2 nd year, plants are cleaned, all branches growing on the trunk are cut off, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, and the branches germinate again;
(3) after the newly germinated branches stop growing in autumn, the branches are completely bound to a fixed bracket or a fixed iron wire in a plane fan shape, so as to play a role in shaping and resisting lodging;
(4) in spring of 3 year, pruning all branches to make the growth heights consistent and controlling the plant heights within 3 m;
(5) after the new shoots germinate, culturing branches newly germinated by terminal buds into main branch leading branches, controlling the lengths of other side branches generated on the main branches to ensure the growth advantages of the leading main branches, and culturing each main branch to grow into a main branch;
(6) after the tree form is constructed preliminarily, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, flower buds are formed in the current year, and a certain yield is achieved in the 4 th year of field planting.
And (2) cutting the trunk to a height of 40cm from the ground in the step (1).
The germinated branches in the step (2) are more than 8 branches; if the number of the germinated branches is too small, the branch number is increased by adopting a bud carving mode, and the branch number is ensured.
And (3) fixing the branches with stronger growth vigor at the outermost side of the sector, fixing the branches with weaker growth vigor at the center of the sector, and keeping the included angles between every two adjacent branches consistent.
And (5) the method for culturing the main branch leading trunk comprises the steps of allowing newly germinated branches of terminal buds to grow vertically, gradually culturing the newly germinated branches into the main branch leading trunk, and carrying out pinching and short-cut retraction on the other lateral branches generated on the main branch to control the growth degree of the newly germinated branches.
The tree shape is a multi-trunk 2D plane fan-shaped tree shape (see figure 1), all branches are positioned on one surface, light is uniformly received, picking is facilitated, mechanical operation is facilitated, the distance between each branch and the root is not large, and the tree vigor is relatively balanced. The sweet cherry trees trimmed according to the method of the invention can grow flowers and have high yield in advance (enter the high-yield period 1-3 years in advance after planting), and gain income and recovery cost earlier. The multi-trunk 2D planar fan-shaped tree pruning method can realize close-range double-row staggered planting, improve planting density, increase per mu yield, greatly save land resources and have great application potential in the aspect of facility cultivation. In addition, the tree form is a multi-trunk 2D planar fan-shaped tree form, is short and planar, can realize mechanical trimming, and greatly saves manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fan-shaped tree form of sweet cherry,
figure 2 is a sector tree-shaped photo (reshaping) of a sweet cherry in an orchard,
left: a fan-shaped front surface; and (3) right: the fan-shaped side surfaces of the double rows,
figure 3 is a fan-shaped tree photograph (blooming) of a sweet cherry in an orchard,
the left and the right are in double-row fan-shaped flower shapes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
A sweet cherry planar fan-shaped shaping and trimming method convenient for mechanical trimming comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a healthy plant which grows for 1 year after grafting and planting the plant in a field, cutting a trunk to a height of 40cm away from the ground, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management for 1 year;
(2) in spring of the 2 nd year, plants are cleaned, all branches growing on the trunk are cut off, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, and more than 8 branches germinate again;
(3) after the newly germinated branches stop growing in autumn, the branches are completely tied to a fixed bracket or a fixed iron wire in a fan shape, the branches with stronger growth vigor are fixed on the outermost side of the fan surface, the branches with weaker growth vigor are fixed in the center of the fan surface, and the included angles between every two adjacent branches are consistent; (see FIG. 2)
(4) In spring of 3 year, pruning all branches to make the growth heights consistent and control the plant height within 3 m;
(5) after the new shoots germinate, the newly germinated branches of the terminal buds are allowed to grow vertically, the newly germinated branches are gradually cultured into main branch leading trunks, the rest lateral branches generated on the main branches are subjected to pinching and short-cut retraction to control the growth potential of the newly germinated branches, the growth of the newly germinated branches is controlled within a range of 15cm from the main trunk, the growth advantages of the leading main branches are ensured, and the main branches are cultured to grow into the main trunk;
(6) after the tree form is constructed preliminarily, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, flower buds are formed in the current year (see figure 3), and a certain yield is achieved in the 4 th year of planting.
Example 1
Multi-trunk tree-shaped cultivation is carried out on Samie threshing/Gisela No. 5 (dwarf early fruit stock) and Samie threshing/Jingchun No. 2 planted in Chengcheng test station in Shaanxi province in 2018, the multi-trunk tree-shaped cultivation mainly comprises the fan shape, the tree-shaped arbuscule shape and the UFO shape of the comparative examples of the invention, statistics is carried out on trunk diameters and flower formation amount of different trees in 2021 spring, and the results show that:
the thicknesses of different tree-shaped trunk diameters are as follows from large to small in sequence: the rosette shape is larger than the fan shape and larger than the UFO (table 1 and table 2), the fan shape has a moderate growth potential, and compared with the UFO tree shape, the distances between main branches and roots of the fan shape are close, more balanced nutrients can be obtained, the situation of strong and weak branches cannot occur, and the yield is more stable.
TABLE 1 Samietuo/Jingchun No. 2 different multi-trunk tree trunk diameter comparison
TABLE 2 Samiela/Gisela No. 5 different multi-trunk tree trunk diameter comparison
Further, the comparison of the flower amount survey revealed that the number of resultant branches was gradually increased from small to large in the form of "fan-shaped" and "clumpy-shaped" and "UFO" (tables 3 and 4), and the amount of fan-shaped flowers was increased. Results of the sector tree-shaped results are relatively stable (tables 5 and 6), and the sector trees have the advantages of mechanical trimming, mechanical picking and the like, so that the sector tree-shaped results are more suitable for development of future intelligent orchards. The original data are shown in the attached tables I, II and III.
TABLE 3 comparison of the number of branches of Sammafos/Jingchun No. 2 tree with different multi-trunk branches
TABLE 4 comparison of the number of flowering branches of Sammader/Gisela No. 5 different multi-trunk trees
TABLE 5 comparison of different multi-trunk tree results for Samie/Jingchun No. 2
TABLE 6 comparison of results for Samiprid/Gisela No. 5 different multi-trunk trees
Note: in spring 2021, in Chengcheng county, the low-temperature rainy weather continues, which results in failure of fruit setting of most flowers with trunk diameter of less than 1.5 m, and the main fruiting part of the sector is greatly affected, thus reducing the fruiting amount.
Measuring raw data:
a first attached table: sector tree survey data
Note: compared with Jingchun No. 2, G5 has the dwarfing and early fruit characteristics.
And B, attaching a table II: arbuscular tree survey data
Note: compared with Jingchun No. 2, G5 has dwarfing and early fruit property
Attaching a third table: UFO tree survey data
Note: compared with Jingchun No. 2, G5 has the dwarfing and early fruit characteristics.
Claims (5)
1. A cherry tree sector shaping method comprises the following steps:
(1) after selecting healthy plants which grow for 1 year after grafting and planting the plants in the field, cutting the trunks to the height of 35-45cm away from the ground, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management for 1 year;
(2) in spring of the 2 nd year, plants are cleaned, all branches growing on the trunk are cut off, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, and the branches germinate again;
(3) after the newly germinated branches stop growing in autumn, the branches are completely bound to a fixed bracket or a fixed iron wire in a plane fan shape, so as to play a role in shaping and resisting lodging;
(4) in spring of 3 year, pruning all branches to make the growth heights consistent and controlling the plant heights within 3 m;
(5) after the new shoots germinate, culturing branches newly germinated by terminal buds into main branch leading branches, controlling the lengths of other side branches generated on the main branches to ensure the growth advantages of the leading main branches, and culturing each main branch to grow into a main branch;
(6) after the tree form is constructed preliminarily, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, flower buds are formed in the current year, and a certain yield is achieved in the 4 th year of field planting.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises cutting the trunk to a height of 40cm from the ground.
3. The shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the germinated branches of the step (2) are more than 8 branches; if the number of the germinated branches is too small, the branch number is increased by adopting a bud carving mode, and the branch number is ensured.
4. The shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the binding method in step (3) is that the branches with stronger growth are fixed at the outermost side of the sector, the branches with weaker growth are fixed at the center of the sector, and the included angles between the adjacent branches are consistent.
5. The shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the main branch leading trunk culturing step (5) is that newly germinated branches of terminal buds are allowed to grow vertically, the newly germinated branches are gradually cultured into the main branch leading trunk, and the rest lateral branches generated on the main branch are subjected to pinching and truncation retraction methods to control the growth degree of the branches.
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| CN202110794191.3A CN113317112B (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2021-07-14 | Cherry tree sector shaping method |
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| USPP29048P3 (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-03-06 | Sms Unlimited, Llc | Cherry tree named ‘SMS-16-CA 2014-16’ |
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