CN109006138B - Frameless kiwi fruit cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frameless kiwi fruit cultivation method in the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection: selecting female plant varieties with short internode intervals; (2) building a garden and planting: 110-120 plants are planted per mu, the row spacing is 2.5-3m, and the plant spacing is 2 m; (3) managing in the first year: in the spring germination period, 2-3 buds are reserved above the connector for re-shearing, after germination, a thick and strong single branch is selected and reserved as a main trunk, when the main trunk grows to be 1.2-1.8m high, pinching is carried out, when the top leaves grow to be mature, the main trunk is uniformly reserved for 0.8-1.2m high for shearing, and the main trunk is waited to be re-germinated; selecting and reserving four branches after the trunk sprouts, wherein the four branches comprise an upward long upright branch reserved at the top end of the trunk and three alternate branches, pinching is carried out when the lengths of the four branches reach 0.8-1.2m respectively, 36-45cm of cut shears are reserved for the alternate branches when top leaves are mature, and the distance between the secondary branches is kept at 20-25 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, the base parts of the three alternate branches are 8-12cm long, partial buds are left for cutting, and the branches grow into small shrub bodies of kiwi fruits. The invention does not need to build a shed frame and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a frameless kiwi fruit cultivation method.
Background
Actinidia Lind (Actinidia Lind) perennial woody vine, Li Shizhen is described in Ben Cao gang mu, which is so named because it is shaped like pear, colored like peach and Chinese gooseberry favorite. Kiwi fruit and grape are perennial deciduous vine plants as well. But the kiwi fruit grows upwards by winding other objects around the branches and tendrils and is in a winding shape; the grapes need to climb up by rolling. Wild kiwi fruits grow the best and the most on the sparse forest land, especially on the fertile soil of the stream edge of the forest edge, and grow by winding several trees. The artificially cultivated kiwi fruits are artificially built into different shed frames, and are uniformly distributed on the shed frames through shaping and trimming, so that the kiwi fruits can be grown in a planar manner. With the gradual understanding of people in the last century on the nutritive value of kiwi fruits, the consumption demand of each country on kiwi fruits is strong, and the huge market demand drives the rapid development of the kiwi fruit artificial planting industry. Especially in remote hills and mountainous areas where wild kiwi fruit resources are abundant in China, farmers actively plant kiwi fruits at an altitude of 300-1200 m. Hills and mountainous areas have rugged and uneven ground, inconvenient traffic and difficult and heavy planting of manually constructed kiwi fruit trellis, and 3000-4000-yuan trellis investment cost per mu is also a small economic burden for fruit growers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating kiwi fruits without a shed frame and with reduced cost.
In order to realize the aim, the frameless kiwi fruit cultivation method adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating kiwi fruits without a frame comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting female plant varieties with short internode intervals to breed kiwi grafted seedlings;
(2) building a garden and planting: planting the kiwi grafted seedlings in the step (1) into kiwi finished seedlings, wherein 110-120 plants are planted in each mu, the row spacing is 2.5-3m, and the plant spacing is 2 m;
(3) managing in the first year: in the germination period of the spring of the first year, 2-3 buds of the field-planted kiwi fruit finished seedlings are cut again above the joints, after germination, thick and strong single branches are selected and left as trunks, pinching is carried out when the trunks grow to be 1.2-1.8m high, when top leaves of the trunks grow to be mature, the trunks are uniformly cut and left to be 0.8-1.2m high, and the trunks are waited to sprout again; when the trunk sprouts, four branches are selected from the trunk, wherein the four branches comprise an upward-long upright branch reserved at the top end of the trunk and three alternate branches selected from the lower part of the trunk, when the lengths of the four branches respectively reach 0.8-1.2m, pinching is carried out, 36-45cm of the alternate branches are cut when the top leaves are mature, other sprouting downward drooping branches and non-growing branches are cut, the growth of the secondary branches of the four branches is promoted, and the distance between the secondary branches is kept to be 20-25 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, 20cm of pruning shears are reserved for upward vertical branches of a trunk, the base parts of three alternate branches are 8-12cm long, partial buds are reserved for pruning, and the branches grow into small shrub bodies of kiwi fruits;
(4) managing in the second year: in the spring germination period, 2-3 intercropping branches are reserved on the main stem, 8-10 intercropping branches are averagely reserved on each plant, and the surplus branches are completely removed; pinching when the length of the branch in the growing period reaches 0.8-1.2m, cutting the alternate branch by 36-45cm when the top leaf is mature, and cutting other germinating drooping branches and overgrowing branches, and keeping the branch spacing between 20-25 cm; pruning in winter, cutting off partial buds at 8-12cm positions of newly grown alternate branches in the current year, cutting off alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, cutting off 1-2 full buds of each reserved base part to serve as bearing branches in the next year, and keeping the bodies of the kiwi fruits to grow into shrubs;
(5) managing in the third year: in the spring germination period, timely thinning off lower buds on the fruit branches in the step (4), and reserving 1-2 healthy partial buds or upper buds to blossom and bear fruits; 2-3 intercropping branches are reserved on other branches on the trunk, and redundant branches are all thinned; pinching when the length of the alternate branch in the growing period reaches 0.8-1.2m, cutting the alternate branch by 36-45cm when the top leaf is mature, and cutting other germination drooping branches and overgrowth branches, and keeping the branch spacing between 20-25 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, partial bud cutting is reserved at the position of 8-12cm for the newly grown alternate branches in the current year, alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer are cut, and 1-2 full buds are reserved at each reserved base part to be used as the fruit branches in the next year;
(6) managing in the fourth year: entering a production period, keeping 1-2 healthy partial buds or upper buds on alternate branches of the second year and the third year in a spring germination period, allowing the alternate branches to blossom and bear fruits, timely thinning other germination buds and branches, reserving 2-3 alternate branches for each other branch on a trunk, and completely thinning redundant branches; pinching when the length of the alternate branches in the growing period reaches 0.8-1.2m, cutting the alternate branches by 36-45cm when the top leaves are mature, and removing other germination drooping branches and overgrowth branches, and keeping the branch spacing between 20-25 cm; in winter, pruning the trunk at a position of 1.6-1.8m, cutting and capping, forming a shrub-shaped kiwi fruit tree body, meanwhile, cutting off partial buds at a position of 8-12cm from the newly grown alternate branches in the current year, cutting off alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, and cutting 1-2 full buds at each reserved base part to serve as fruit branches in the next year;
(7) managing in the fifth year: entering a high-yield period, and in a germination period in spring of the year, reserving 30-40 non-overlapping and non-crossing fruiting branches per plant, wherein the branch spacing is 20-25cm, and each branch bears 5-8 fruits; shaping the kiwi fruit tree body, and trimming in winter to keep 30-40 fruit branches per plant by a single branch extension method or a retraction renewal method.
Preferably, each branch in the step (7) bears 5-8 fruits, 15-20kg fruits are produced per plant year, and the yield per mu is 1750-2000 kg.
Preferably, the kiwi fruit grafted seedling is bred by selecting a single female plant variety with short internode, hard branch and high lignification degree.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the frameless cultivation technology, and under the standardized management, 1750-2000kg of high-quality fruits are harvested per mu, thereby improving the yield and the quality;
2. according to the method, a steel wire shed frame is not required to be built for planting the kiwi fruits, so that the investment cost is saved, and the problem that the shed frame is difficult to build in the prior art is solved;
3. in the branch-erecting cultivation, the branches are not tied, the operation is below 1 meter and eight meters, the management is convenient and smooth, and the labor production efficiency can be improved;
4. the invention does not leave a redundant vegetative branch, a spindly branch and other useless branches on the whole plant, and all nutrients are supplied to effective bearing branches in a centralized way, thereby promoting the bearing of the kiwi fruit and improving the yield; meanwhile, the distance between branches is 20-25cm, so that the branches are uniformly distributed, the whole garden is ensured to be ventilated and transparent, transpiration is reduced in high-temperature seasons, the taste of fruits is good, and the quality is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description, which is to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure, and modifications and variations such as those ordinarily skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating kiwi fruits without a frame comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting female plant varieties with short internode intervals to breed kiwi grafted seedlings;
(2) building a garden and planting: planting the kiwi grafted seedlings in the step (1) into kiwi finished seedlings, wherein 110 plants are planted in each mu, the row spacing is 2.5m, and the plant spacing is 2 m;
(3) managing in the first year: in the germination period of the spring of the first year, 2 buds of field-planted kiwi fruit finished seedlings are reserved above a connector for heavy shearing, after germination, thick and strong single branches are selected and reserved as trunks, when the trunks grow to be 1.2m high, pinching is carried out, when top leaves of the trunks grow to be mature, 0.8m high trunk height is reserved in a unified mode for shearing, and the trunks are waited for re-germination; when the trunk sprouts, four branches are selected from the trunk, wherein the four branches comprise an upward-long upright branch reserved at the top end of the trunk and three alternate branches selected from the lower part of the trunk, when the lengths of the four branches respectively reach 0.8m, the core is picked, 36cm of cut-off is reserved for the alternate branches when the top leaves are mature, other sprouting drooping branches and non-growing branches are cut off, the growth of the secondary branches of the four branches is promoted, and the distance between the secondary branches is kept at 20 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, 20cm of cutting shears are reserved for upward vertical branches of a trunk, the base parts of three alternate branches are 8cm long, partial buds are reserved for cutting shears, and the branches grow into small shrub bodies of kiwi fruits;
(4) managing in the second year: in the spring germination period, 2 intercropping branches are reserved on the main stem, 8 intercropping branches are reserved on each plant on average, and the surplus branches are all thinned; pinching when the length of the branch in the growing period reaches 0.8m, cutting and shearing the alternate branch by 36cm when the top leaf is mature, and cutting off other growing drooping branches and overgrown branches, and keeping the branch spacing of 20 cm; pruning in winter, namely cutting off partial buds of newly grown alternate branches at 8cm in the current year, cutting off 1 full bud of each alternate branch at the bottom layer uniformly distributed, and taking the cut bud as a bearing branch in the next year to keep the kiwi fruit tree growing into a shrub shape;
(5) managing in the third year: in the spring germination period, timely thinning off lower buds on the fruit branches in the step (4), and reserving 1 healthy partial bud or upper bud to enable the fruit branches to blossom and bear fruits; each of the other branches on the trunk leaves 2 intercropping branches, and the surplus branches are all thinned; pinching when the length of the alternate branches reaches 0.8m in the growing period, cutting the alternate branches by 36cm when the top leaves are mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and overgrown branches, and keeping the branch spacing of 20 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, partial bud cutting is reserved at the position of 8cm on newly grown alternate branches in the current year, alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer are cut, and 1 full bud at each reserved base part is cut to serve as a bearing branch in the next year;
(6) managing in the fourth year: entering a production period, keeping 1 healthy partial bud or upper bud on the alternate branches of the second year and the third year in a spring germination period, allowing the alternate branches to blossom and bear fruits, timely thinning other germination buds and branches, reserving 2 alternate branches on each other branch on a trunk, and completely thinning redundant branches; pinching when the length of the alternate branches in the growth period reaches 0.8m, cutting the alternate branches by 36cm when the top leaves are mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and overgrown branches, and keeping the branch spacing of 20 cm; in winter, pruning the trunk at a position of 1.6m, cutting and capping, forming a shrub-shaped kiwi fruit tree body, meanwhile, cutting off partial buds at a position of 8cm for newly growing alternate branches in the current year, cutting off alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, and cutting off 1 full bud at each reserved base part to serve as bearing branches in the next year;
(7) managing in the fifth year: entering a high-yield period, and reserving 30 non-overlapping and non-crossed bearing branches per plant in the spring germination period of the current year, wherein the branch spacing is 20cm, and each branch bears 5 fruits; shaping a kiwi fruit tree, and trimming in winter to keep 30 fruit branches of each plant by a single branch extension method or a retraction renewal method; keeping 30 bearing branches of each plant by a single branch extension method, wherein the single branch extension method is to cut and cut branches, select and leave a healthy branch when sprouting in the next year, continue to keep the original direction space growth, and cut all the other branches; when the crown of the kiwi fruit tree is too large, a retraction updating method is adopted to keep the growth space, and the retraction updating method is to cut back the growing branches and wait for the sprouting to continue to grow.
And (4) each branch in the step (7) produces 5 fruits, 15kg of fruits are produced per plant year, and the yield per mu is 1750 kg.
The kiwi grafted seedling is bred by selecting a single female plant variety with short internodes, hard branches and high lignification degree.
Example 2:
a method for cultivating kiwi fruits without a frame comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting female plant varieties with short internode intervals to breed kiwi grafted seedlings;
(2) building a garden and planting: planting the kiwi grafted seedlings in the step (1) into kiwi finished seedlings, wherein 115 plants are planted in each mu, the row spacing is 2.8m, and the plant spacing is 2 m;
(3) managing in the first year: in the germination period of the spring of the first year, 2 buds of field-planted kiwi fruit finished seedlings are reserved above a connector for heavy shearing, after germination, thick and strong single branches are selected and reserved as trunks, when the trunks grow to be 1.6m high, pinching is carried out, when top leaves of the trunks grow to be mature, 1m high of the trunks are uniformly reserved for cutting, and the trunks are waited for re-germination; when the trunk sprouts, four branches are selected from the trunk, wherein the four branches comprise an upward-long upright branch reserved at the top end of the trunk and three alternate branches selected from the lower part of the trunk, when the lengths of the four branches respectively reach 1m, pinching is carried out, 40cm of pruning is reserved for the alternate branches when the top leaves are mature, other sprouting drooping branches and non-growing branches are pruned, the growth of the secondary branches of the four branches is promoted, and the distance between the secondary branches is kept at 22 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, 20cm of cutting shears are reserved for upward vertical branches of a trunk, the base parts of three alternate branches are 10cm long, partial buds are reserved for cutting shears, and small shrub bodies of kiwi fruits are grown;
(4) managing in the second year: in the spring germination period, 2 intercropping branches are reserved on the main stem, 9 intercropping branches are reserved on each plant on average, and the surplus branches are all thinned out; pinching when the length of the branch in the growing period reaches 1m, cutting the alternate branch by 40cm when the top leaf is mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and overgrowing branches, and keeping the branch spacing of 22 cm; pruning in winter, namely cutting off partial buds of newly grown alternate branches at the position of 10cm in the current year, cutting off 1 full bud of each alternate branch at the bottom layer, taking the cut bud as a bearing branch in the next year, and keeping the kiwi fruit tree grow into a shrub shape;
(5) managing in the third year: in the spring germination period, timely thinning off lower buds on the fruit branches in the step (4), and reserving 1 healthy partial bud or upper bud to enable the fruit branches to blossom and bear fruits; each of the other branches on the trunk leaves 2 intercropping branches, and the surplus branches are all thinned; pinching when the length of the growing-period alternate branches reaches 1m, cutting the alternate branches by 40cm when the top leaves are mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and growing branches, wherein the branch distance is kept at 22 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, partial bud cutting is reserved at a position of 10cm for newly grown alternate branches in the current year, alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer are cut, and 1 full bud at each reserved base part is cut to serve as a bearing branch in the next year;
(6) managing in the fourth year: entering a production period, keeping 1 healthy partial bud or upper bud on the alternate branches of the second year and the third year in a germination period of the spring of the current year, allowing the alternate branches to blossom and bear fruits, timely thinning other germination buds and branches, leaving 2 alternate branches on each other branch on the trunk, and completely thinning the surplus; pinching when the length of the alternate branches in the growing period reaches 1m, cutting the alternate branches by 40cm when the top leaves are mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and overgrown branches to keep the branch spacing of 22 cm; in winter, pruning the trunk at a position of 1.6m, sealing the top, forming a shrub-shaped kiwi fruit tree body, meanwhile, cutting off partial buds at a position of 10cm for newly growing alternate branches in the current year, cutting off alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, and cutting off 1 full bud at each reserved base part to serve as bearing branches in the next year;
(7) managing in the fifth year: entering a high-yield period, and reserving 35 non-overlapping and non-crossed bearing branches per plant in the spring germination period of the current year, wherein the branch spacing is 22cm, and each branch bears 6 fruits; shaping a kiwi fruit tree, and trimming in winter to keep 35 fruit branches of each plant by a single branch extension method or a retraction renewal method; keeping 35 bearing branches of each plant by a single branch extension method, wherein the single branch extension method is to cut and cut branches, select and leave a healthy branch when sprouting in the next year, continue to keep the original direction space growth, and cut all the other branches; when the crown of the kiwi fruit tree is too large, a retraction updating method is adopted to keep the growth space, and the retraction updating method is to cut back the growing branches and wait for the sprouting to continue to grow.
And (4) each branch in the step (7) produces 6 fruits, 17kg fruits are produced per plant per year, and the yield per mu is 1830 kg.
The kiwi grafted seedling is bred by selecting a single female plant variety with short internodes, hard branches and high lignification degree.
Example 3:
a method for cultivating kiwi fruits without a frame comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting female plant varieties with short internode intervals to breed kiwi grafted seedlings;
(2) building a garden and planting: planting the kiwi grafted seedlings in the step (1) into kiwi finished seedlings, wherein 120 plants are planted in each mu, the row spacing is 3m, and the plant spacing is 2 m;
(3) managing in the first year: in the germination period of the spring of the first year, 3 buds of the field-planted kiwi fruit finished seedlings are cut again above the interface, after germination, thick and strong single branches are selected and left as trunks, when the trunks grow to be 1.8m high, pinching is carried out, when top leaves of the trunks grow to be mature, 1.2m high of the trunks are uniformly cut, and the trunks are waited to sprout again; when the trunk sprouts, four branches are selected from the trunk, wherein the four branches comprise an upward-long upright branch reserved at the top end of the trunk and three alternate branches selected from the lower part of the trunk, when the lengths of the four branches respectively reach 1.2m, the core is picked, 45cm of cutting is reserved for the alternate branches when the top leaves are mature, other sprouting drooping branches and non-growing branches are cut, the growth of the secondary branches of the four branches is promoted, and the distance between the secondary branches is kept to be 25 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, 20cm of cutting shears are reserved for upward vertical branches of a trunk, the base parts of three alternate branches are 12cm long, partial buds are reserved for cutting shears, and the branches grow into small shrub bodies of kiwi fruits;
(4) managing in the second year: in the spring germination period, 3 intercropping branches are reserved on the main stem, 10 intercropping branches are reserved on each plant on average, and the surplus branches are all thinned out; pinching when the length of the branch in the growing period reaches 1.2m, cutting the alternate branch by 45cm when the top leaf is mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and overgrown branches, and keeping the branch spacing of 25 cm; pruning in winter, namely cutting off partial buds at positions of 12cm on newly grown alternate branches in the current year, cutting off 2 full buds on each alternate branch which is uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, and taking the cut alternate branches as bearing branches in the next year to keep the kiwi fruit tree growing into a shrub shape;
(5) managing in the third year: in the spring germination period, timely thinning off lower buds on the fruit branches in the step (4), and reserving 2 healthy partial buds or upper buds to blossom and bear fruits; 3 intercropping branches are reserved on other branches on the trunk, and redundant branches are all thinned and removed; pinching when the length of the growing-period alternate branches reaches 1.2m, cutting the alternate branches by 45cm when the top leaves are mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and overgrown branches, and keeping the branch spacing of 25 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, 12cm of partial bud is reserved for the newly grown alternate branches in the current year for cutting, alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer are cut, and 2 full buds are reserved at each reserved base part for cutting to serve as fruit branches in the next year;
(6) managing in the fourth year: entering a production period, keeping 2 healthy partial buds or upper buds on alternate branches of the second year and the third year in a germination period of the spring of the current year, allowing the alternate branches to blossom and bear fruits, timely thinning other germination buds and branches, reserving 3 alternate branches for each branch of other branches on a trunk, and completely thinning redundant branches; pinching when the length of the alternate branches in the growing period reaches 1.2m, cutting the alternate branches by 45cm when the top leaves are mature, and cutting other growing drooping branches and overgrown branches, and keeping the branch spacing of 25 cm; in winter, pruning the trunk at a position of 1.8m, cutting and capping, forming a shrub-shaped kiwi fruit tree body, meanwhile, cutting off partial buds at a position of 12cm for newly growing alternate branches in the current year, cutting off alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, and cutting off 2 full buds at each reserved base part to serve as bearing branches in the next year;
(7) managing in the fifth year: entering a high-yield period, and in a germination period in spring of the year, keeping 38 non-overlapped and non-crossed bearing branches of each plant, wherein the branch spacing is 25cm, and each branch bears 7 fruits; shaping a kiwi fruit tree, and trimming in winter to keep 38 fruit branches of each plant by a single branch extension method or a retraction renewal method; keeping 38 bearing branches of each plant by a single branch extension method, wherein the single branch extension method is to cut and cut branches, select and leave a healthy branch when sprouting in the next year, continue to keep the original direction space growth, and cut all the other branches; when the crown of the kiwi fruit tree is too large, a retraction updating method is adopted to keep the growth space, and the retraction updating method is to cut back the growing branches and wait for the sprouting to continue to grow.
And (4) each branch in the step (7) produces 7 fruits, 19kg fruits are produced per plant year, and the yield per mu is 1860 kg.
The kiwi grafted seedling is bred by selecting a single female plant variety with short internodes, hard branches and high lignification degree.
Claims (3)
1. The method for cultivating the kiwi fruits without the frame is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting female plant varieties with short internode intervals to breed kiwi grafted seedlings;
(2) building a garden and planting: planting the kiwi grafted seedlings in the step (1) into kiwi finished seedlings, wherein 110-120 plants are planted in each mu, the row spacing is 2.5-3m, and the plant spacing is 2 m;
(3) managing in the first year: in the germination period of the spring of the first year, 2-3 buds of the field-planted kiwi fruit finished seedlings are cut again above the joints, after germination, thick and strong single branches are selected and left as trunks, pinching is carried out when the trunks grow to be 1.2-1.8m high, when top leaves of the trunks grow to be mature, the trunks are uniformly cut and left to be 0.8-1.2m high, and the trunks are waited to sprout again; when the trunk sprouts, four branches are selected from the trunk, wherein the four branches comprise an upward-long upright branch reserved at the top end of the trunk and three alternate branches selected from the lower part of the trunk, when the lengths of the four branches respectively reach 0.8-1.2m, pinching is carried out, 36-45cm of the alternate branches are cut when the top leaves are mature, other sprouting downward drooping branches and non-growing branches are cut, the growth of the secondary branches of the four branches is promoted, and the distance between the secondary branches is kept to be 20-25 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, 20cm of pruning shears are reserved for upward vertical branches of a trunk, the base parts of three alternate branches are 8-12cm long, partial buds are reserved for pruning, and the branches grow into small shrub bodies of kiwi fruits;
(4) managing in the second year: in the spring germination period, 2-3 intercropping branches are reserved on the main stem, 8-10 intercropping branches are averagely reserved on each plant, and the surplus branches are completely removed; pinching when the length of the branch in the growing period reaches 0.8-1.2m, cutting the alternate branch by 36-45cm when the top leaf is mature, and cutting other germinating drooping branches and overgrowing branches, and keeping the branch spacing between 20-25 cm; pruning in winter, cutting off partial buds at 8-12cm positions of newly grown alternate branches in the current year, cutting off alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, cutting off 1-2 full buds of each reserved base part to serve as bearing branches in the next year, and keeping the bodies of the kiwi fruits to grow into shrubs;
(5) managing in the third year: in the spring germination period, timely thinning off lower buds on the fruit branches in the step (4), and reserving 1-2 healthy partial buds or upper buds to blossom and bear fruits; 2-3 intercropping branches are reserved on other branches on the trunk, and redundant branches are all thinned; pinching when the length of the alternate branch in the growing period reaches 0.8-1.2m, cutting the alternate branch by 36-45cm when the top leaf is mature, and cutting other germination drooping branches and overgrowth branches, and keeping the branch spacing between 20-25 cm; when pruning is carried out in winter, partial bud cutting is reserved at the position of 8-12cm for the newly grown alternate branches in the current year, alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer are cut, and 1-2 full buds are reserved at each reserved base part to be used as the fruit branches in the next year;
(6) managing in the fourth year: entering a production period, keeping 1-2 healthy partial buds or upper buds on alternate branches of the second year and the third year in a spring germination period, allowing the alternate branches to blossom and bear fruits, timely thinning other germination buds and branches, reserving 2-3 alternate branches for each other branch on a trunk, and completely thinning redundant branches; pinching when the length of the alternate branches in the growing period reaches 0.8-1.2m, cutting the alternate branches by 36-45cm when the top leaves are mature, and removing other germination drooping branches and overgrowth branches, and keeping the branch spacing between 20-25 cm; in winter, pruning the trunk at a position of 1.6-1.8m, cutting and capping, forming a shrub-shaped kiwi fruit tree body, meanwhile, cutting off partial buds at a position of 8-12cm from the newly grown alternate branches in the current year, cutting off alternate branches uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, and cutting 1-2 full buds at each reserved base part to serve as fruit branches in the next year;
(7) managing in the fifth year: entering a high-yield period, and in a germination period in spring of the year, reserving 30-40 non-overlapping and non-crossing fruiting branches per plant, wherein the branch spacing is 20-25cm, and each branch bears 5-8 fruits; shaping the kiwi fruit tree body, and trimming in winter to keep 30-40 fruit branches per plant by a single branch extension method or a retraction renewal method.
2. The method for frameless cultivation of kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: each branch in the step (7) bears 5-8 fruits, 15-20kg fruits are produced per plant year, and the yield per mu is 1750-2000 kg.
3. The method for frameless cultivation of kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein: the kiwi grafted seedling is bred by selecting a single female plant variety with short internodes, hard branches and high lignification degree.
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