CN113424743B - Method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped branches of sweet cherry - Google Patents

Method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped branches of sweet cherry Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113424743B
CN113424743B CN202110924416.2A CN202110924416A CN113424743B CN 113424743 B CN113424743 B CN 113424743B CN 202110924416 A CN202110924416 A CN 202110924416A CN 113424743 B CN113424743 B CN 113424743B
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branches
fruiting
bouquet
fruit
branch
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CN113424743A (en
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李鹏程
张锦强
王晶晶
杨湘
苏学德
李冰洁
杨志军
李铭
郭绍杰
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped branches of sweet cherry, which comprises the following steps: cultivating primary fruiting branches, shaping primary fruiting branches, regulating secondary fruiting branches and promoting growth of bouquet-shaped fruit branches, wherein the cultivation of the primary fruiting branches requires thinning branches with the thickness of the planting on the trunk of a sweet cherry tree being 1/3 greater than that of the trunk of the sweet cherry tree, selecting or reserving one branch at the top end of the primary fruiting branches as an extension branch for growing, reserving 1 robust bud at the top of the extension branch as a top bud, wiping off the 2 nd and 3 rd buds below the top bud, and promoting the buds above the primary branches and the extension branches to germinate into bouquet-shaped fruit branches; the upper back branches, the lower back branches and the double-headed branches on the primary fruiting branches are thinned, bouquet-shaped fruit branches are reserved, and in the whole fruit branch cultivation process, the flower-bouquet-shaped fruit branches are promoted to form by respectively carving buds on the primary fruiting branches and the secondary fruiting branches. The invention promotes flower formation and fruit setting, ensures yield and can improve fruit quality.

Description

Method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped branches of sweet cherry
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet cherry planting, and particularly relates to a method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped branches of sweet cherry.
Background
The low self-flower setting rate of the sweet cherry is related to the factors such as nutrition of the tree body, pollination and fertilization, external environment and the like, and the low self-flower setting rate of the sweet cherry directly influences the yield of the sweet cherry, so that the economic benefit is poor. According to investigation, sweet cherry fruit setting is mainly carried out by bouquet-shaped fruit branches, the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches has close relation with tree body storage nutrition and shaping pruning, but due to the consideration of cost, a grower is unreasonable in tree body pruning, so that the tree body of the sweet cherry tree is generally weak, the tree body storage nutrition is low, the flower bud differentiation quality is poor, a flower device is not grown, pollination and fertilization cannot be completed, and finally the flower falls off. Even after partial fruiting, the fruits have more cracked fruits, double-headed fruits and malformed fruits and poorer fruit quality. Especially for the mature cherry trees or full bearing period, the crown is bigger, the branches are too much, the branches are not in place, the orchard is closed, the tree vigor is strong and outward, the hierarchy is not obvious, the short branch groups in the inner chamber and the bouquet-shaped fruit branches are few, even the hollow.
Aiming at the problems, the main methods adopted for the big tree with normal results at present are a retraction method and a renewal method, so that the conversion of the medium-length fruiting branch into the bouquet-shaped fruiting branch is promoted. For cherry trees in the aging period, the development branches and overgrown branches sprouted by the basal buds of the backbone branches are required to be used for updating the backbone branches in time, the tree vigor is recovered, the fruiting branches are rejuvenated, and the economic life is prolonged; in summer, pruning is combined with the methods of picking the heart, thinning the branches, twisting the tips, taking the branches, girdling, cutting the cuts and the like to control the tree shape, so that fruit setting is promoted. However, the retraction method has a plurality of complicated links and is not easy to master, so that the management effect is not ideal; especially, the temperature and humidity conditions in the arid region environment of Xinjiang are not easy to control, cherry branches are vigorous and long, tree management is disordered, so that uneven or insufficient nutrition distribution of the tree body, poor flower bud differentiation and low fruiting rate are caused, and the planting benefit of local sweet cherry is seriously affected. Therefore, the method for promoting the formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherry has very important significance, and the contradiction between fruit setting and pruning of the sweet cherry can be relieved, and the technical level of cultivation of the sweet cherry in northern arid regions is further improved through optimization of cultivation technology.
Within the invention
The method for promoting the formation of bouquet-shaped branches of the sweet cherry provided by the invention relieves the contradiction between fruit setting and pruning of the sweet cherry, and further improves the technical level of cultivation of the sweet cherry in the arid region in the north through optimization of cultivation technology.
The invention provides a method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like branches of sweet cherry, which comprises the following steps:
cultivation of primary fruiting branches: selecting a sweet cherry cultivation tree, modifying the tree form, thinning branches with the thickness of 1/3 of the thickness of the trunk of the sweet cherry tree, and then taking the reserved branches as first-stage fruit branches for cultivation;
shaping the branches with primary fruiting: selecting or reserving a long fruit branch at the top end of the primary fruiting branch as an extension branch, picking the core of the extension branch after the extension branch is placed, reserving 1 robust bud at the top of the extension branch as a top bud, wiping off other lateral buds below the top bud, and promoting the buds above the primary fruiting branch and the extension branch to germinate into bouquet-shaped fruit branches;
regulating and controlling secondary fruiting branches: short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the primary fruiting branches are reserved, the back upper branches, the back lower branches and the double-headed branches which grow on the primary fruiting branches and have the length larger than 20cm are reserved with only 1-2 small buds at the base parts, the rest parts are thinned, the middle fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to core picking, and the long fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to branch pulling treatment;
promoting growth of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: the formation of bouquet-like fruit branches is promoted by respectively carving buds on the primary fruiting branches and the secondary fruiting branches.
Preferably, when the secondary fruiting branches are cultivated, the middle fruit branches with the length of more than 20cm and lateral growth are kept for 1/2 length for core picking treatment; and (3) carrying out branch hanging treatment on long fruit branches with the length of more than 50cm, so as to promote bouquet-shaped fruit branches to germinate on the secondary fruiting branches.
Preferably, the branch pulling angle of the branch hanging treatment is vertical to the ground.
Preferably, the bud carving adopts a mode of one at a time.
Preferably, the bud carving adopts a cross bud carving method.
Preferably, the bud carving adopts an arc bud carving method.
Preferably, the planting time of the sweet cherry culture tree is 4 months each year and the temperature reaches more than 10 ℃.
Preferably, the plant height of the modified sweet cherry tree is controlled to be 2.5m-3.0m, 15 primary fruiting branches are spirally grown on a trunk with the height of more than 50cm, and the distance between the upper primary fruiting branch and the lower primary fruiting branch is 15cm-20cm.
Preferably, the first-stage fruiting branches are cultivated within one year, flower buds are formed in the same year, and flowers and fruits are set in the second year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention has simple and easy-to-manage branch cultivation and easy-to-grasp branch cultivation. Tests in the arid area of Xinjiang for many years show that the method can promote flower formation, fruit setting, ensure yield and improve fruit quality, is suitable for new cherry gardens and old orchards, and has obvious field use effect.
2) The bouquet-shaped branch culture method provided by the invention is practical, the branches of the tree body are uniformly distributed, ventilation and light transmission are realized, photosynthesis is improved, metabolic capacity is improved, nutrition distribution of the tree body is improved, branches and leaves of the fruit tree are balanced and regulated, the yield is improved, the fruiting period is long, the high yield is good, the formation of a closed tree crown is avoided, the problems of plant diseases and insect pests breeding and serious reduction of fruits and yield caused by the influence of redundant branches on ventilation and light transmission are reduced, and economic loss is caused.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The planting time of the sweet cherry cultivation tree is 4 months each year and the temperature reaches more than 10 ℃.
Example 1
A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like branches of sweet cherry, comprising the following steps:
cultivation of primary fruiting branches: aiming at the transformation of the current cultivation tree shape of the sweet cherry, removing branches with the thickness larger than 1/3 of the thickness of the trunk, and culturing the reserved branches as first-stage fruit branches;
shaping the branches with primary fruiting: selecting or reserving a long fruit branch at the top end of a first-stage fruiting branch as an extension branch, picking the core of the extension branch after the extension branch is lengthened, reserving 1 robust bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, wiping off a 2 nd bud and a 3 rd bud below the terminal bud, promoting bud eyes on the first-stage fruiting branch and the extension branch to sprout a flower beam-shaped fruit branch, completing culture of the first-stage fruiting branch within one year, forming flower buds in the current year, and flowering and fruit setting in the second year;
regulating and controlling secondary fruiting branches: short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the primary fruiting branches are reserved, the back upper branches, the back lower branches and the double-headed branches which grow on the primary fruiting branches and have the length larger than 20cm are reserved with only 1-2 small buds at the base parts, the rest parts are thinned, the middle fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to core picking, and the long fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to branch pulling treatment; wherein, the side-growing middle fruit branches with the length of more than 20cm are kept for 1/2 of the length for the core picking treatment; and (3) carrying out hanging treatment on long fruit branches with the length of 50cm, wherein the branch pulling angle of the hanging treatment is vertical to the ground, so that bouquet-shaped fruit branches are germinated on the secondary branches.
Promoting growth of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: in the whole fruit branch culturing process, bud sprouting and bouquet-shaped fruit branch formation are ensured by adopting a bud carving mode of one-step carving on the primary fruiting branch and the secondary fruiting branch and adopting a cross bud carving method during bud carving.
The plant height of the transformed sweet cherry tree is controlled to be 2.5m, 15 primary fruiting branches are spirally grown on a trunk of 51cm, and the distance between the upper primary fruiting branch and the lower primary fruiting branch is 15cm.
Example 2
A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like branches of sweet cherry, comprising the steps of:
cultivation of primary fruiting branches: aiming at the transformation of the current cultivation tree shape of the sweet cherry, removing branches with the thickness larger than 1/3 of the thickness of the trunk, and culturing the reserved branches as first-stage fruit branches;
shaping the branches with primary fruiting: selecting or reserving a long fruit branch at the top end of a first-stage fruiting branch as an extension branch, picking the core of the extension branch after the extension branch is lengthened, reserving 1 robust bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, wiping off a 2 nd bud and a 3 rd bud below the terminal bud, promoting bud eyes on the first-stage fruiting branch and the extension branch to sprout a flower beam-shaped fruit branch, completing culture of the first-stage fruiting branch within one year, forming flower buds in the current year, and flowering and fruit setting in the second year;
regulating and controlling secondary fruiting branches: short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the primary fruiting branches are reserved, the back upper branches, the back lower branches and the double-headed branches which grow on the primary fruiting branches and have the length larger than 20cm are reserved with only 1-2 small buds at the base parts, the rest parts are thinned, the middle fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to core picking, and the long fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to branch pulling treatment; wherein, the side-growing middle fruit branches with the length of more than 20cm are kept for 1/2 of the length for the core picking treatment; and (3) carrying out hanging treatment on long fruit branches with the length of 50cm, wherein the branch pulling angle of the hanging treatment is vertical to the ground, so that bouquet-shaped fruit branches are germinated on the secondary branches.
Promoting growth of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: in the whole fruit branch culturing process, bud sprouting and bouquet-shaped fruit branch formation are ensured by adopting a bud carving mode of one-step carving on the primary fruiting branch and the secondary fruiting branch and adopting an arc bud carving method during bud carving.
The plant height of the transformed sweet cherry tree is controlled to be 2.8m, 15 primary fruiting branches are spirally grown on a 55cm trunk, and the distance between the upper primary fruiting branch and the lower primary fruiting branch is 18cm.
Example 3
A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like branches of sweet cherry, comprising the steps of:
cultivation of primary fruiting branches: aiming at the transformation of the current cultivation tree shape of the sweet cherry, removing branches with the thickness larger than 1/3 of the thickness of the trunk, and culturing the reserved branches as first-stage fruit branches;
shaping the branches with primary fruiting: selecting or reserving a long fruit branch at the top end of a first-stage fruiting branch as an extension branch, picking the core of the extension branch after the extension branch is lengthened, reserving 1 robust bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, wiping off a 2 nd bud and a 3 rd bud below the terminal bud, promoting bud eyes on the first-stage fruiting branch and the extension branch to sprout a flower beam-shaped fruit branch, completing culture of the first-stage fruiting branch within one year, forming flower buds in the current year, and flowering and fruit setting in the second year;
regulating and controlling secondary fruiting branches: short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the primary fruiting branches are reserved, the back upper branches, the back lower branches and the double-headed branches which grow on the primary fruiting branches and have the length larger than 20cm are reserved with only 1-2 small buds at the base parts, the rest parts are thinned, the middle fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to core picking, and the long fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to branch pulling treatment; wherein, the side-growing middle fruit branches with the length of more than 20cm are kept for 1/2 of the length for the core picking treatment; and (3) carrying out hanging treatment on long fruit branches with the length of 50cm, wherein the branch pulling angle of the hanging treatment is vertical to the ground, so that bouquet-shaped fruit branches are germinated on the secondary branches.
Promoting growth of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: in the whole fruit branch culturing process, bud sprouting and bouquet-shaped fruit branch formation are ensured by adopting a bud carving mode of one-step carving on the primary fruiting branch and the secondary fruiting branch and adopting a cross bud carving method during bud carving.
The plant height of the transformed sweet cherry tree is controlled to be 3.0m, 15 primary fruiting branches are spirally grown on a trunk of 60cm, and the distance between the upper primary fruiting branch and the lower primary fruiting branch is 20cm.
Comparative example
Conventional cultivation method
Cultivation of primary fruiting branches: selecting a sweet cherry cultivation tree, and reforming the tree form, wherein the trunk of the cherry tree is 2-3m higher, two or three layers of primary fruiting branches are distributed on the trunk of the cherry tree, and 3-5 primary fruiting branches of each layer are distributed in different directions of the trunk;
cultivating secondary fruiting branches and tertiary fruiting branches: the bearing branches growing on the primary bearing branches are secondary bearing branches, the secondary bearing branches are timely picked for cultivating the side branches or the tertiary bearing branches, the germination and the growth of the tertiary bearing branches are promoted, the tertiary bearing branches mainly comprise middle bearing branches and long bearing branches, the short bearing branches and bouquet-shaped bearing branches are fewer, and the quantity of tree crowns and young shoots needs to be continuously enlarged for increasing the yield, so that the pruning and the branch pulling workload is larger.
The sweet cherry trees were cultivated in both example 1 and comparative example 1, and the sweet cherry trees cultivated in example 1 and comparative example 1 were tested as follows:
compared with the conventional cultivation technology, the method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherry provided by the invention is obviously lower than the proportion of the long fruit branches in the conventional cultivation technology, the proportion of the long fruit branches in the sweet cherry provided by the invention is only 11%, the amount of the medium fruit branches trimmed by conventional cultivation is 55%, the proportion of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches provided by the invention is 62%, the conventional cultivation trimming is 22%, the proportion of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches provided by the invention is obviously higher than that of the conventional cultivation and is 3 times that of the conventional cultivation, the proportion of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches and the short fruit branches provided by the invention is 89%, and the proportion of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches and the short fruit branches provided by the conventional cultivation is only 45%, which is one time that of the conventional cultivation is, so that the method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherry provided by the invention can promote the forming of flowers and fruits, ensure the yield, can also improve the fruit quality, the fruit quality is suitable for the garden, the field improvement, the use effect of the flower-shaped fruit trees is obviously improved, the cotton tree body is evenly distributed, the light-transmitting effect is improved, the economic loss is greatly reduced, the rest and the loss is reduced, the loss is caused by the improvement of the loss of the light-transmitting and the loss is greatly reduced, and the loss is due to the improvement of the ventilation, and the loss is caused by the improvement of the ventilation, and the loss is reduced, and the economic, and the loss is greatly due to the improvement of the quality, and the quality and the improvement of the quality and the ventilation.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that such modifications and variations be included herein within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like branches of sweet cherry, comprising the steps of:
cultivation of primary fruiting branches: selecting a sweet cherry cultivation tree, modifying the tree form, thinning branches with the thickness of 1/3 of the thickness of the trunk of the sweet cherry tree, and then taking the reserved branches as first-stage fruit branches for cultivation;
shaping the branches with primary fruiting: selecting or reserving a long fruit branch at the top end of the primary fruiting branch as an extension branch, picking the core of the extension branch after the extension branch is placed, reserving 1 robust bud at the top of the extension branch as a top bud, wiping off other lateral buds below the top bud, and promoting the buds above the primary fruiting branch and the extension branch to germinate into bouquet-shaped fruit branches;
regulating and controlling secondary fruiting branches: short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the primary fruiting branches are reserved, the back upper branches, the back lower branches and the double-headed branches which grow on the primary fruiting branches and have the length larger than 20cm are reserved with only 1-2 small buds at the base parts, the rest parts are thinned, the middle fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to core picking, and the long fruit branches growing on the primary fruiting branches are subjected to branch pulling treatment;
promoting growth of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: forming bouquet-shaped fruit branches is promoted by respectively carving buds on the first-stage fruiting branches and the second-stage fruiting branches, wherein when the second-stage fruiting branches are cultivated, 1/2 of the length of the side-growing middle fruit branches with the length of more than 20cm is reserved for core picking treatment; and (3) carrying out branch hanging treatment on long fruit branches with the length of more than 50cm, so as to promote bouquet-shaped fruit branches to germinate on the secondary fruiting branches.
2. The method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like fruit branches of sweet cherry according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the branch pulling in the hanging process is perpendicular to the ground.
3. The method for promoting bouquet forming of sweet cherry according to claim 1, wherein the carving is performed in a staggered manner.
4. A method for promoting bouquet-like fruit branches of sweet cherry according to claim 1 or 3, wherein said budding is performed by a cross budding method.
5. A method for promoting bouquet-like fruit branches of sweet cherry according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the budding is performed by arc budding.
6. The method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like fruit branches of sweet cherry according to claim 1, wherein the planting time of the sweet cherry culture tree is 4 months per year and the air temperature is more than 10 ℃.
7. The method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like branches of sweet cherry according to claim 1, wherein the plant height of the modified sweet cherry is controlled to be 2.5m-3.0m, 15 primary fruiting branches are spirally grown on a trunk of more than 50cm, and the distance between the upper primary fruiting branch and the lower primary fruiting branch is 15cm-20cm.
8. The method for promoting the formation of bouquet-like fruit branches of sweet cherry according to claim 1, wherein the first-stage fruiting branches are cultivated within one year, flower buds are formed in the same year, and flowers and fruits are set in the second year.
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CN1806490A (en) * 2006-02-16 2006-07-26 上海孙桥农业技术有限公司 Cultivation method of ornamental dentritic tomato
CN102715055A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-10 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 Tree form control-based cherry culturing method
CN103621371A (en) * 2013-10-27 2014-03-12 大连东芳果菜专业合作社 Global pruning method for densely planted sweet cherry trees
CN205946744U (en) * 2016-08-17 2017-02-15 新疆农垦科学院 Sunlight greenhouse suitable for cultivation of facility cherry
CN107006328A (en) * 2017-05-19 2017-08-04 赵兴利 Pruning method of peach tree
CN107593244A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-01-19 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 Cherry tree coronule dredges layer shape shaping and trimming method
CN111108949A (en) * 2020-03-19 2020-05-08 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1806490A (en) * 2006-02-16 2006-07-26 上海孙桥农业技术有限公司 Cultivation method of ornamental dentritic tomato
CN102715055A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-10 句容市春来早果品专业合作社 Tree form control-based cherry culturing method
CN103621371A (en) * 2013-10-27 2014-03-12 大连东芳果菜专业合作社 Global pruning method for densely planted sweet cherry trees
CN205946744U (en) * 2016-08-17 2017-02-15 新疆农垦科学院 Sunlight greenhouse suitable for cultivation of facility cherry
CN107006328A (en) * 2017-05-19 2017-08-04 赵兴利 Pruning method of peach tree
CN107593244A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-01-19 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 Cherry tree coronule dredges layer shape shaping and trimming method
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