CN110249929B

CN110249929B - Rapid propagation method for muskmelon germplasm resources

Info

Publication number: CN110249929B
Application number: CN201910680152.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨贵春
Original assignee: Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-07-26
Filing date: 2019-07-26
Publication date: 2021-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-26
Also published as: CN110249929A

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid propagation method of melon germplasm resources, which is characterized in that branches and tendrils on a melon plant parent are cut to obtain a plurality of sections of protocorms as propagules, and the rapid propagation of the melon germplasm resources is completed only through one generation of reproductive growth and a generation of breeding process on the basis of rapid culture of as many protocorms as possible. Compared with the generation-added propagation in the prior art, the method obviously reduces the risks of biological mixing and mechanical mixing, greatly reduces the propagation cost and shortens the propagation time.

Description

Rapid propagation method for muskmelon germplasm resources

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a rapid propagation method of muskmelon germplasm resources.

Background

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is also called muskmelon, Hami melon, etc. Is an annual sprawl herb of the Cucurbitaceae family. The stems and branches have edges. The curly hair is fine and single and is slightly soft. The long petiole is provided with a groove and short bristles; the blade is made of thick paper and is rough on the upper surface and is bristled by white coarse bristles. Parthenocarpic or full flowers. The female flower (or the complete flower) and the male flower are the same. Male flowers: several plants are clustered in the axilla of the leaf; the flower stalks are fine; yellow corolla; female (or full) flowers: single growth, rough pedicel and soft hair; the ovary is oblong. The shape and color of the fruit are different according to varieties, and are usually spherical or oblong, the peel is smooth, longitudinal furrows or stripes are formed, and the pulp is white, yellow or green and has fragrant and sweet taste; the seeds are white or yellow-white, oval or long round, the tips are sharp, and the surface is smooth. Cultivated widely in China. It is also widely cultivated in temperate to tropical regions of the world. Due to long-term cultivation, various varieties and different shapes, colors, sizes and tastes of fruits, the garden cultivation is divided into dozens of lines, for example, common muskmelons, Hami melons, honeydew melons and the like belong to different lines. The fruit is an important fruit in midsummer; the whole herbal medicine has the effects of removing inflammation, detoxifying, promoting vomiting, eliminating dampness, eliminating jaundice and the like.

Crop breeding (including melon) requires the collection of large amounts of germplasm resources as basic materials, and requires a propagation process before research and utilization.

In the prior art, the south propagation generation-added or greenhouse generation-added propagation needs to be carried out, more than 2 generations are usually needed for propagation of enough seeds, and longer time and higher economic cost are needed; in addition, the propagation process goes through a plurality of generations, biological and mechanical mixing is easily caused, and the purity of the original seed is difficult to ensure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a rapid muskmelon germplasm resource propagation method, which overcomes the defects of long period, high cost, multiple generations, high biological and mechanical mixing risk and the like of muskmelon propagation in the prior art and provides the rapid muskmelon germplasm resource propagation method.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The invention provides a rapid propagation method of melon germplasm resources, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting tendrils on a melon plant matrix, cutting to obtain multiple sections of protocorms, respectively carrying out rooting, transplanting and expanding propagation on the multiple sections of protocorms, and harvesting to obtain original seeds after seed melons on atomic bodies are mature.

A rapid propagation method of melon germplasm resources can also select the following steps: collecting tendrils and cutting on a melon plant matrix to obtain multiple sections of original seedlings, respectively carrying out rooting, transplanting and propagation on the multiple sections of original seedlings, carrying out tendrils collection, rooting and transplanting culture on branches and tendrils grown on the original seedlings to obtain daughter bodies, repeating the daughter body culture to obtain multiple groups of daughter bodies, and harvesting the original seeds after seed melons of the daughter bodies are mature.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a rapid propagation method of melon germplasm resources, which is characterized in that branches and tendrils on a melon plant parent are cut to obtain a plurality of sections of protocorms as propagules, and rapid propagation of the melon germplasm resources is completed only through one-generation reproduction growth and one-generation breeding process on the basis of rapid culture of as many protocorms as possible. The method provided by the invention is simple and rapid, greatly reduces the breeding cost, reduces the risks of biological mixing and mechanical mixing, ensures the original seed property obtained by breeding, and accelerates the breeding progress.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a photograph of an atomic body or a daughter obtained after vine picking and rooting of an original melon germplasm resource provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a photograph of the transplantation survival of the atomic body or daughter obtained from the parent body of the melon original germplasm resource provided in the example of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The following specifically describes a method for rapid propagation of melon germplasm resources provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a rapid propagation method of melon germplasm resources, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting tendrils on a melon plant matrix, cutting to obtain multiple sections of protocorms, respectively carrying out rooting, transplanting and expanding propagation on the multiple sections of protocorms, and harvesting to obtain original seeds after seed melons on atomic bodies are mature.

The core technology of the rapid propagation method of the melon germplasm resources provided by the embodiment of the invention is greatly different from the prior art. The generative propagation of the prior art usually goes through at least 2 vegetative and reproductive growth processes, whereas the method provided in the examples of the present invention is a collection of multiple vegetative and 1 reproductive growth processes. The rapid propagation method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the growth period is shortened to the maximum extent even if the method is used for multiple times through cutting, rooting and transplanting in the propagation process, the characteristic characteristics of the original seeds of the melons cannot be changed, the artificial pollination propagation only comprises one reproduction process, and the propagated seeds belong to the same generation. Compared with the prior art, the reproductive growth process is reduced for at least 1 time, the processes of seed packaging, storage, transportation and the like are reduced, the risks of biological mixing and mechanical mixing are reduced, the seed properties of the bred stock are guaranteed, and the breeding progress is accelerated.

In some embodiments, the melon plant precursor is obtained by: planting the original muskmelon seeds;

preferably, the planting of the original stock comprises the following steps: seedling raising, transplanting and culturing to obtain a melon matrix;

more preferably, when the seedling age of the seedling obtained by planting the original seed is 16-30 days and the seedling grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, transplanting the seedling in a greenhouse, topping the seedling when the seedling grows to 5-6 leaves and 1 heart, and leaving 4-5 branches and tendrils without topping the seedling for growth.

In some embodiments, harvesting the vines comprises the steps of: when the original parent branches of the melon plants grow to 8-10 leaves, the branches are cut off from the parent and immediately put into a plastic moisturizing bag to prevent water loss and wilting.

The embodiment of the invention provides a rapid propagation method of melon germplasm resources, wherein the cutting of branches and tendrils comprises the following steps: when the branches and tendrils of the original melon plant parent grow to 8-10 leaves, the branches and tendrils are cut off from the parent and immediately put into a plastic moisture-preserving bag to prevent water loss and wilting. When the branches and tendrils grow to 8-10 leaves, the requirements of subsequent cultivation of the protocorm can be met, more leaves can grow on the branches and tendrils, and more time cost is needed.

In some embodiments, the cutting comprises the steps of: disinfecting a cutting tool, cutting the collected branches into small sections with 2-3 leaves, cutting off the first leaf and the leaf stalk of the base of each small section, reserving the base section to generate adventitious roots, and cutting the lower cut into a horseshoe shape, wherein the distance between the cut and the first base section is 1-2 cm.

According to the melon germplasm resource propagation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a cutting tool is sterilized by 75% alcohol when cutting, collected branches and tendrils are cut into small sections with 2-3 leaves, the first leaf and the petioles of the base of each cut section are cut off, the base section is reserved to enable the base section to generate adventitious roots, the other remaining leaf after cutting is used for photosynthesis, and the daughter contains 3 leaves and generally comprises the smallest leaf at the top end of the branches and tendrils, so that the 2-3 leaves are the best cutting method with the smallest unit, namely the branches and tendrils can be cut to obtain the largest number of protocorms, and the method for obtaining the largest number of atomic bodies with the same genetic characteristic is also the technical core for shortening the propagation time, reducing the cost and ensuring the seed purity.

Meanwhile, when the cutting is carried out, the basal nodes are reserved to generate adventitious roots, the lower incision is cut into a horseshoe shape, the distance between the incision and the first basal node is 1-2 cm, the inventor tests show that the lower basal node with higher lignification degree of the tendrils can easily root, the number of the adventitious roots is large, the lower incision is cut into the horseshoe shape, the distance between the incision and the first basal node is 1-2 cm, the nutrient can be favorably absorbed from the culture solution, and the survival rate after transplanting is high.

In some embodiments, rooting comprises the steps of: soaking the atomic body base part in rooting liquid for rooting culture;

preferably, the cut base part of the protozoite is soaked in a rooting solution, the rooting solution needs to be soaked in the base section for 1-3 cm, and the culture is carried out for 2-3 days at the temperature of 28-32 ℃;

preferably, the rooting solution comprises: preparing 800-1000 times of rooting solution from commercially available rooting powder (mainly comprising sodium indolebutyrate and sodium naphthylacetate), and preferably, obtaining the rooting solution in situ without being exposed to strong light.

In some embodiments, transplanting comprises the steps of: and when 2-4 cm of adventitious roots grow out from the atomic bodies, transplanting the atomic bodies into a breeding greenhouse, and carrying out artificial pollination breeding.

In some embodiments, propagation comprises the steps of: placing the transplanted atomic bodies in a breeding greenhouse, and carrying out field planting, pruning, artificial pollination, management and harvesting;

preferably, the planting and pruning comprises the following steps: planting the atomic bodies in a propagation shed room, when 4-5 leaves grow on branches and tendrils grown from transplanted protozoites, topping and pruning, and generally keeping 3-4 leaves;

preferably, the artificial pollination comprises the following steps: starting artificial pollination 12-20 days after the atomic body is transplanted, selecting male flowers and female flowers to be opened in the next day, capping and isolating, collecting the male flowers to be opened, preserving moisture and storing in a container, 8 a.m. in the next day: pollination is carried out at a speed of 00-10: 00, open male flowers are picked, flower crowns are torn off, stamens are exposed and are directly and lightly smeared on heads of female flower columns, then paper caps are sleeved, the pollination tendrils are topped conveniently, the top beating position is better to keep 2 leaves in front of the pollination melons, red paint is coated on fruit stalks in front of the buds to serve as a mark, and pollination can also be carried out on the female flowers which are going to open the day in the bud period;

preferably, the managing and harvesting comprises the steps of: and (3) watering the melon seeds once after 3-4 days of artificial pollination, preventing and controlling field diseases once in time, retaining all pollinated melons, removing newly opened female flowers, naturally pollinated melons, axillary buds and redundant branches and tendrils in time, harvesting in batches when the seed melons with the red paint marks are mature, and collecting to obtain original seeds.

The rapid propagation method for melon germplasm resources provided by the embodiment of the invention can also select the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting vines on a melon plant matrix, cutting to obtain multiple sections of original bodies, conducting rooting and transplanting on the multiple sections of original bodies respectively, conducting cultivation, vine collecting, rooting and transplanting on branches and vines growing on the original bodies again to obtain daughter bodies, repeating the daughter cultivation to obtain multiple groups of daughter bodies, and harvesting the original seeds after seed melons of the daughter bodies are mature.

Therefore, according to the rapid propagation method for melon germplasm resources provided by the embodiment of the invention, after a melon plant parent is obtained, tendrils can be collected and cut on the parent to obtain an atomic body for culture, the atomic body can be cultured, the tendrils can be collected, rooted and transplanted again on the basis of the atomic body, and the number of times of repetition is determined according to the number of actually required seeds.

In some embodiments, the repeated culturing of the protozoite comprises: after the branches and tendrils grown from the protozoites are left to 8-10 sections, collecting tendrils, rooting and transplanting again, and repeating for n times to obtain the daughter with geometric multiples;

preferably, n is 2 or more, and more preferably, n is 2.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Examples

In a certain year, 1 seed of melon resource is collected abroad, the method is applied to propagation in Jilin province in the same year, vine roots are harvested and transplanted for 2 times repeatedly to obtain 124 breeding daughter plants, about 320 seeds are harvested from a single melon on average, about 11.8 ten thousand seeds are harvested in total, 1 generation meets the requirement of the number of seeds used, and the propagation of the resource is completed.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

1. culture of original muskmelon resource plant parent

(1) Parent seedling culture: after the seeds are disinfected, the seeds are sowed in a nutrition pot with the caliber of 7.2cm and the height of 7.2cm, and the ratio of the matrix garden soil, the compost, the river sand and the plant ash is 4: 2: 1.

(2) Transplanting a parent body: and (3) when the seedlings are 30 days old, growing to 4 leaves and 1 heart, transplanting to a greenhouse, 5 leaves and 1 heart, topping, reserving 4 branches and tendrils, not topping, and performing atom culture when the branches and tendrils extend to 8-10 leaves.

2. Cultivation of original melon resource protozoon

(1) Preparation of rooting liquid

Before picking tendrils, a commercial rooting powder (strong rooting powder produced by Zhengzhou Perster Garden science and technology Limited, effective components are sodium indolebutyrate, sodium naphthaleneacetate and plant physiological active substances) is used for preparing 800 times of rooting solution, and the rooting solution is placed in a weak light place for standby.

(2) Vine harvesting machine

Disinfecting the cutter or scissors with 75% alcohol, cutting 4 branches from the parent of melon plant, and immediately putting into a moisture-preserving plastic bag to prevent water loss and wilting.

(3) Rooting

And (3) disinfecting the collected melon vines with 75% alcohol by using a blade, and cutting the collected melon vines into small sections with 2-3 leaves per section as protocorms by using the blade to obtain 12 protocorms. The first leaf of the base of each section of the protozoite is cut off together with the petiole, and the base node is reserved to generate an adventitious root. And cutting the lower notch into a horseshoe shape, wherein the distance between the notch and the first base joint is 1-2 cm. And (3) soaking the cut base part of the protozoite in the prepared rooting solution for 1-3 cm, keeping the temperature at about 30 ℃, and growing adventitious roots in 2-3 days.

(4) Transplanting

When 2-4 cm of adventitious roots grow out from the atomic bodies, transplanting the atomic bodies into a greenhouse, wherein 12 atomic bodies survive 11 plants, and the survival rate is about 92%. Then the vine roots are adopted to transplant for 1 time.

(5) Replanting trailing roots and transplanting

And (3) when the branches and tendrils (grand tendrils) grown from the 11 protozoites are left to 8-10 sections, then the tendrils are picked and rooted to obtain 132 daughters, and the daughters are transferred to a breeding greenhouse for planting.

3. Artificial pollination propagation by using the daughter:

the low temperature and raininess are not beneficial to pollination, and a greenhouse is generally selected for artificial pollination propagation.

(1) And (5) planting the daughter. And harvesting the vine roots for the second time to obtain 132 daughters, and planting the daughters in a plastic greenhouse at the density same as that of the conventional daughters. 124 survives, and the survival rate is about 94 percent.

(2) Pruning the daughter. And when 4-5 leaves grow on the branches and tendrils grown from the transplanted daughter, topping and pruning, and reserving 3-4 leaves.

(3) And (5) artificial pollination. Artificial pollination is started 18 days after the daughter is transplanted. Selecting male flowers and female flowers to be opened next day, capping and isolating, or collecting the male flowers to be opened, preserving moisture and storing in a container. The following day, 8 am: pollinating at a speed of 00-10: 00. The method comprises the steps of picking up the male flowers opened by the material, tearing off the corolla to expose the stamens, directly and lightly coating the corolla on the head of the female style, then sheathing a paper cap, topping the pollinated vine, reserving 2 leaves in front of the pollinated melon at the topping position, and coating red paint on the fruit stems in front of the flower buds to serve as a mark. The female flowers that will open the day are pollinated in the bud stage.

(4) And (5) managing after pollination. And after pollination is finished, melon water is watered once on the 3 rd day, field diseases are prevented and controlled once, all pollinated melons are reserved, and newly opened female flowers, naturally pollinated melons, axillary buds and redundant branches and tendrils are removed in time.

4. And (3) harvesting stock seeds: when the seed melons marked with red paint are ripe, the seeds are harvested in 2 batches to obtain 370 seed melons, wherein the average number of seeds of each melon is about 320, and the total number of harvested seeds is about 11.8 ten thousand.

Referring to fig. 1, a photograph of an atomic body or a daughter obtained after the original melon resource is harvested and rooted is shown in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a photograph of a transplant survival of the atomic body or the daughter obtained from the original melon resource is shown in the embodiment of the present invention, so that the atomic body or the daughter obtained after the original melon resource is harvested and rooted can be well grown and survived.

From the examples provided above it can be seen that: 1 muskmelon seed → 1 seedling → 4-5 tendrils → 12-20 protozoites → (12-20) × (90-95%) and plant propagules (daughters) … … (repeating culture for vine root harvesting and transplanting n times) → [ (12-20) × (90-95%)]ⁿThe plant propagules → 1 generation can meet the breeding requirement.

Comparative example

Collecting 10 seeds of a certain melon resource in a certain year, planting in a greenhouse of Jilin province for propagation in 5 months in the same year, only obtaining 1 seedling after seedling cultivation due to low germination rate of the seeds, carrying out artificial pollination propagation to obtain 5 seed melons, wherein the average yield of the single melon is about 350 seeds, and the total yield of the seeds is about 1750. In 10 months in the same year, in order to further apply the muskmelon resource seeds, a small amount of seeds are used for the Hainan additional generation propagation, and most of the seeds are reserved as backup. Planting 105 plants in a net shed in Hainan province, performing artificial pollination and propagation, collecting 310 melons, removing impurities to obtain 300 seed melons, wherein the average yield of the seeds of each melon is about 320 seeds, and the total yield of the seeds is about 9.6 ten thousand seeds. Although the requirement of using the seed number is met, the seed purity can be reduced due to the increase of biological mixing and mechanical mixing opportunities in the second generation breeding.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

1. first generation propagation in north

(1) Original muskmelon resource (original seed) planting

Seedling and transplanting: after the seeds are disinfected, the seeds are sowed in a nutrition pot with the caliber of 7.2cm and the height of 7.2cm, and the ratio of the matrix garden soil, the compost, the river sand and the plant ash is 4: 2: 1.

1 seedling is emerged, when the seedling is 30 days old, the seedling grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, the seedling is transplanted to a greenhouse, and the seedling survives after transplantation and field planting.

(2) Artificial pollination for expanding propagation

Pruning: 5 leaves and 1 heart, topping and reserving 4 pieces of tendrils.

Artificial pollination: artificial pollination is started 18 days after transplantation. And selecting male flowers and female flowers to be opened on the next day, and carrying out cap isolation. The following day, 8 am: pollinating at a speed of 00-10: 00. The method comprises the steps of picking open male flowers of the plant, tearing off crowns to expose stamens, directly and lightly coating the heads of the female flower columns, then sheathing a paper cap, topping the pollination tendrils conveniently, wherein the topping positions are 2 leaves in front of the pollination melons, and coating red paint on the fruit stalks in front of the buds to serve as marks. The female flowers that will open the day are pollinated in the bud stage.

And (3) management after pollination: and after pollination is finished, melon water is watered once on day 3, disease control is carried out once, all pollinated melons are reserved, and newly opened female flowers, naturally pollinated melons, axillary buds and redundant branches are removed in time.

(3) And (3) harvesting stock seeds: when the seed melons with the red paint marks are ripe, 5 seed melons are obtained, about 350 seeds are obtained from a single melon on average, and about 1750 seeds are harvested in total.

2. Hainan second generation propagation

(1) Original melon resource (second generation original seed) planting

And (3) seedling emergence of 105 plants, wherein the seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart when the seedlings are 17 days old, transplanting the seedlings into a net shed, and transplanting and planting the seedlings to survive 100 plants.

(2) Artificial pollination and propagation:

pruning: 5 leaves and 1 heart, topping and reserving 4 pieces of tendrils.

Artificial pollination: artificial pollination is started 10 days after transplanting. Selecting male flowers and female flowers to be opened on the next day, and carrying out cap isolation, wherein the flower ratio of the male flowers and the female flowers is 8: and (3) pollinating at a ratio of 30-10: 30. Picking up the male flowers of the same plant, tearing off the corolla to expose the stamen, directly and lightly coating on the head of the female style, then sheathing a paper cap, topping the pollination vine, wherein the topping position is 2 leaves in front of the pollination melon, and coating red paint on the fruit stem in front of the flower bud as a mark. The female flowers that will open the day are pollinated in the bud stage.

(3) And (3) harvesting stock seeds: when the seed melons with the red paint marks are ripe, 310 melons are harvested, a few mixed melons with different shapes, skin colors and flesh colors are removed, 300 seed melons are remained, about 320 seeds are obtained from a single melon on average, and about 9.6 ten thousand seeds are harvested in total.

Therefore, the generation-added propagation in the prior art usually goes through at least 2 reproduction growth processes, multiple generations, and multiple packaging, storage and transportation processes, so that the risks of biological mixing and mechanical mixing are increased, and the purity of the propagated seeds cannot be ensured; in addition, the generation-added propagation is inevitable, so that the period is long and the cost is high.

To sum up, the embodiment of the invention provides a rapid propagation method of melon germplasm resources, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting tendrils on a melon plant matrix, cutting to obtain multiple sections of protocorms, respectively carrying out rooting, transplanting and expanding propagation on the multiple sections of protocorms, and harvesting to obtain original seeds after seed melons on atomic bodies are mature. The propagation method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprehensively uses the cuttage technology and the artificial pollination technology, obtains multiple sections of protocorms by collecting and cutting branches and tendrils grown from the parent of the muskmelon plant, and greatly improves the propagation efficiency by only undergoing reproductive growth once and a generation breeding process on the basis of quickly culturing as many protocorms as possible. Compared with the generation-added propagation in the prior art, the method obviously reduces the risks of biological mixing and mechanical mixing, greatly reduces the propagation cost and shortens the propagation time.

The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid propagation method for melon germplasm resources is characterized by comprising the following steps: collecting tendrils and cutting on a melon plant matrix to obtain a plurality of sections of protocorms, respectively carrying out rooting, transplanting and propagation on the plurality of sections of protocorms, harvesting after seed melons on the atomic bodies are mature to obtain original seeds, wherein,

the vine harvesting method comprises the following steps: when the branches and tendrils on the parent melon plant grow to 8-10 leaves, the branches and tendrils are cut off from the parent melon plant and immediately placed into a plastic moisture-preserving bag,

the cutting comprises the following steps: disinfecting a cutting tool, cutting the collected branches into small sections with 2-3 leaves, cutting off the first leaf and the leaf stalk of the base of each small section, reserving the base section to generate adventitious roots, cutting the lower cut into a horseshoe shape, wherein the distance between the cut and the first base section is 1-2 cm,

the rooting comprises the following steps: soaking the base part of the cut protozoite in rooting liquid, wherein the rooting liquid needs to be soaked in the basal section for 1-3 cm, culturing for 2-3 days at the temperature of 28-32 ℃,

the transplanting comprises the following steps: and when the adventitious roots grow to be 2-4 cm, transplanting the protozoite into a breeding greenhouse, and carrying out artificial pollination breeding.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the melon plant precursor is obtained by: planting the original muskmelon seeds.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein planting the stock melon seed comprises the steps of: seedling raising, transplanting and culturing to obtain the parent body of the muskmelon plant.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the seedling age of the seedling obtained by planting the original seed is 16-30 days and the seedling grows to 4 leaves and 1 heart, the seedling is transplanted in a greenhouse, and when the seedling grows to 5-6 leaves and 1 heart, topping is carried out, 4-5 branches are left, and the seedling is allowed to grow without topping.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rooting solution is prepared by 800-1000 times of commercially available rooting powder with the main components of sodium indolebutyrate and sodium naphthaleneacetate.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said rooting solution is prepared in situ and has not been exposed to intense light.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said expanding comprises the steps of: and (4) performing field planting, pruning, artificial pollination, management and harvesting on the transplanted protozoite.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said artificial pollination comprises the steps of: waiting for 12 ~ 20 days after the atomic body transplants begins artificial pollination, select the male flower and the female flower that will open in the next day, carry out the capping and keep apart, also can collect, preserve moisture the male flower that will open and leave in the container, 8 in the morning of the second day: and (2) pollinating at 00-10: 00, picking open male flowers, tearing off crowns to expose stamens, directly and lightly smearing on heads of female flower columns, then sheathing a paper cap, topping the pollinated vines conveniently, keeping the front 2 leaves of the pollinated melons at the topping position, coating red paint on fruit stalks in front of the buds as a mark, and pollinating the female flowers which are about to open in the day and also in the bud period.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said managing and harvesting comprises the steps of: and after 3-4 days of artificial pollination, pouring water for swelling melon, preventing and controlling field diseases once in time, retaining all pollinated melons, removing newly opened female flowers, naturally pollinated melons, axillary buds and redundant branches and tendrils in time, harvesting in batches when the seed melons with the red paint marks are mature, and collecting to obtain original seeds.

10. A rapid propagation method for melon germplasm resources is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting vines on a melon plant matrix, cutting to obtain multiple sections of original bodies, conducting rooting, transplanting and propagation on the multiple sections of original bodies, conducting vine collecting, rooting and transplanting culture on branches and vines growing on the original bodies again to obtain daughter bodies, repeating the daughter body culture to obtain multiple groups of daughter bodies, and harvesting after seed melons of the daughter bodies are mature to obtain an original seed.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the repeated culturing of the daughter comprises: and (4) when the branches and tendrils grown from the daughter bodies are remained to 8-10 sections, collecting the tendrils again, rooting and transplanting, and repeating for n times to obtain the daughter bodies with geometric multiples.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein n is 2 or greater.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein n-2.