CN108260426B

CN108260426B - Grafting method for flower plant scarlet sage

Info

Publication number: CN108260426B
Application number: CN201810250237.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈洪伟; 孔维一; 刘笑冰; 王红利; 葛秀秀; 刘克锋
Original assignee: Beijing University of Agriculture
Current assignee: Beijing University of Agriculture
Priority date: 2018-03-26
Filing date: 2018-03-26
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-26
Also published as: CN108260426A

Abstract

The invention discloses a grafting method of a flower plant-red sage, which comprises the step of taking a red sage plant at a seedling stage as a scion and grafting the red sage plant to a callicarpa pedunculata plant at the seedling stage. The grafting method of the sage herb is used for distant grafting of the sage plant, the excellent stock is utilized to improve the growth potential and resistance of the scion, the distant hybridization affinity of the grafted seedling and the Zhu-lipi interspecies plant is enhanced, and the hybridization maturing rate is improved.

Description

Grafting method for flower plant scarlet sage

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of interspecific grafting of ornamental plants, relates to a grafting method between flower plants of the same genus and different species, and particularly relates to a grafting method of a flower plant of scarlet sage herb and vermilion.

Background

Grafting is an ancient vegetative propagation technology of plants, is a kind of vegetative propagation in vegetative propagation, and is an ancient artificial propagation plant method. The grafting method commonly used for grafting mainly comprises the steps of grafting and bud grafting, wherein the grafting is divided into cutting grafting and cleft grafting.

The grafting is carried out by utilizing the callus function of the injured plants, namely, the branch or the bud of one plant is grafted to the stem or the root of the other plant, so that the two parts which are connected together grow into a complete plant. During grafting, the scion and the cambium of the stock are tightly combined to ensure the survival of the scion. The grafted branch or bud is called scion; the grafted plant is called stock or table wood. The scion generally selects a seedling with 2 to 4 buds, becomes the upper part or the top of a plant body after grafting, and becomes the root part of the plant body after stock grafting.

During grafting, the cambium layers of the two wounded surfaces are close and tied together, and as a result, the cambium layers are healed into a whole body with connected vascular tissues due to cell proliferation. The main factor influencing the survival of grafting is the affinity of the scion and the stock, and the grafting technology and the management after grafting are carried out. By avidity, it is meant the ability of the scion and rootstock to be structurally, physiologically, and genetically identical or similar to each other in their internal tissues, and thus to be able to associate with each other. High affinity and high grafting survival rate. Otherwise, the survival rate is low. In general, the closer the plant relationship, the stronger the affinity.

Herba Polygoni Capitati (Salvia sphenoides) also known as rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati red and herba Ivorae red is a plant of Salvia of Labiatae, has long inflorescence, bright color, long flowering phase and strong adaptability, and is a herb flower most commonly cultivated in cities and gardens of China. Fond warm and sunny environments. Cold resistance, semi-yin resistance, frost, snow and high temperature resistance, water accumulation and alkaline soil resistance. The scarlet fruit is small nut, oval, contains black seed, and is easy to fall off.

The propagation method of the red sage herb usually adopts a sowing method or a cutting method for propagation so as to sow more seeds. The seeding season is not limited in North China, and the rest of China is spring. When the florescence of the red sage is late and the spring sower blooms in 9-10 months, if the florescence is advanced or seeds are collected, the seeds are sown in a greenhouse or a hotbed at the beginning of 3 months. And applying a small amount of base fertilizer in the sowing bed, leveling the bed surface, watering thoroughly, sowing after water infiltration, covering a layer of thin soil, and germinating the seeds 8-10 days after sowing. The flower grows for about 100 days, and the flowering period is about two months. And (3) cutting the multi-purpose tender branches, wherein the cutting is carried out in combination with the top-picking buds in 3-5 months or 9-10 months.

The vermilion (Salvia coccinea) is a plant of Salvia of Labiatae, and is a kind of annual herbaceous flower with long leaf and heart-shaped leaf with blunt sawtooth at leaf edge, and head-shaped inflorescence. The sexual pleasure is warm and the environment is sunny, the growing temperature is 15 ℃ to 30 ℃, and the sexual pleasure is suitable for growing in fertile sandy loam. The flower is terminal, the flower color is abundant, the height of the ground plant is 50 cm to 60 cm, the plant is plump, shrub-shaped, the leaves are dark green, the flower shape is trumpet-shaped, the color is bright, the flowering phase is early, and the heat resistance and the drought resistance are good. The application effect of the vermilion garden is good, and the vermilion garden can be used for arranging flower beds or flower environments and can also be planted in lawns in a cluster mode.

The Zhu lip prefers warm and faces the yang environment, the growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the Zhu lip prefers to grow in fertile sandy loam. The height of the field-planted plants is 50 cm to 60 cm, and the heat resistance and the drought resistance are good. The ideal temperature requires 9 to 11 weeks. The seedling stage is 4 weeks to 5 weeks, and 5 weeks to 6 weeks are needed after planting and potting. The Zhu lip is usually bred by seed sowing. Potting requirements: the medium requires a loose, breathable and well-drained matrix, and can be prepared from 50% of turf, 30% of garden soil and 20% of perlite, the pH value of the matrix is required to be 5.5-5.8, and the EC value of the matrix is required to be 1.0-1.5. The container is preferably a 10 cm to 12 cm basin.

Herba Salvia splendens and vermilion belong to two different kinds of herbal ornamental plants of Salvia of Labiatae. The whole plant of the red-lipped has fragrance, and the growth vigor, the resistance and the setting rate of the plant are stronger than those of the red-lipped plant, and the growth vigor of the red-lipped plant can be improved by grafting the red-lipped plant and the red-lipped plant, and the affinity of distant hybridization of the red-lipped plant and the red-lipped plant is improved. However, the two kinds of plant grafting are interspecific distant grafting, and the difference of physiological structures and genetic factors between different plants of the same genus leads to low plant tissue affinity, slow healing speed of wounds between tissues, lower grafting survival rate and high grafting difficulty.

The invention reduces or eliminates reproductive obstacle between a grafted seedling of the scarlet sage grafted with the red lip and the red lip by a physiological approach method, obviously improves the distant hybridization obstacle between the scarlet sage and the red lip, enhances the affinity between the two plants, thereby improving the success rate of distant hybridization and obviously improving the setting percentage of the grafted seedling after being hybridized with the red lip.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a grafting cultivation method of ornamental flowers and plants aiming at the technical defects in the existing cultivation process of scarlet sage, the grafted seedling scarlet/red lips and the stock red lips which are grafted and cultivated by the method of the invention bloom simultaneously, the ornamental effect is improved, the growth vigor and the resistance of the scion are improved, the chlorophyll content of the grafted plant leaves is obviously improved, the photosynthetic rate is obviously improved, and the nutrition metabolism state of the scion is improved; and the shape of the pollen grains of the grafted seedlings is changed, the mutual hybridization affinity is enhanced, the distant hybridization affinity of the grafted seedlings and the plants among the Zhu labial species is enhanced, and the maturing rate of hybridization is improved.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a grafting cultivation method of red sage, which comprises the step of taking a red sage plant in a seedling stage as a scion and grafting the red sage plant in a seedling stage.

Wherein, the red sage in the seedling stage is a red sage plant growing to 5-6 pairs of true leaves; the callicarpa pedunculata is a callicarpa pedunculata plant growing to 5-6 pairs of true leaves in the seedling stage.

Particularly, the red sage at the seedling stage is the red sage which does not bloom; the vermilion in seedling stage is not flowering.

Particularly, the red sage plants which grow to 5-6 pairs of true leaves and do not bloom are used in the seedling stage; the callicarpa pedunculata is a callicarpa pedunculata plant which grows to 5-6 pairs of true leaves and does not flower in the seedling stage.

In particular, the red sage plant at the seedling stage is prepared according to the following method: firstly, sowing a red sage in a plug tray, changing a pot after the red sage grows to 2-3 pairs of true leaves, and then culturing and growing to 5-6 pairs of true leaves; the callicarpa pedunculata plant in the seedling stage is prepared according to the following method: firstly, the vermilion pieces are sown in the hole tray, the pot is changed after the vermilion pieces grow to 2-3 pairs of true leaves, and then the cultivation growth is carried out to 5-6 pairs of true leaves.

Particularly, the method also comprises the step of shearing 1-3 sections of tender stems at the top of the red sage plant in the seedling stage as scions; and (3) cutting the upper end of the plant of the Zhu lip plant in the seedling stage, and keeping 3-4 sections of the lower part of the stem section of the Zhu lip plant as a grafting stock.

Wherein the scion is preferably a red top tender stem with 2-3 nodes reserved; the rootstock keeps a pair of functional leaves at the uppermost section of the stem section, and the rest leaves, lateral buds and root suckers are removed.

Particularly, the distance from the lower end of the scion to the last functional leaf from top to bottom is more than 0.5cm, preferably 2-3 cm, more preferably 2-2.5 cm, and even more preferably 2 cm.

Particularly, 1/3-2/3 of functional leaves of the scion are removed.

Particularly, each functional leaf of the scion is reserved, and 1/3-2/3 area, preferably 1/2 area of the leaf is cut off on each functional leaf.

Particularly, the method also comprises the steps of cutting the lower part of the red top tender stem of the scion into a wedge shape, and then carrying out the grafting treatment.

Particularly, the length of the wedge is 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm, and more preferably 1.0 cm.

Wherein, a red bunch of plants in the seedling stage is used as scion by cleft grafting method and is grafted on a red lipped plant in the seedling stage which is used as stock.

Particularly, the depth of the scion inserted into the stock Zhuchiba plant is 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm, and more preferably 1.0 cm.

Particularly, in the grafting process of the cleft grafting method, the splitting depth of the vermilion as the stock at the seedling stage is 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm, and further preferably 1.0 cm.

The invention also provides a grafting method of the flower plant-scarlet sage, which comprises the following steps in sequence:

1) selecting scions;

shearing a red top tender stem of a robust plant as a scion, and removing 1/3-2/3 of functional leaves;

2) selecting the rootstock:

selecting a robust plant, cutting off the upper end of the plant, and reserving 3-4 sections of the lower part of a stem section of the plant of the callicarpa pedunculosa as a stock;

3) grafting treatment:

inserting the lower end of a cluster of red scions into a gap at the upper end of a stem section longitudinally split by the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and aligning the phloem of the scions with the phloem of the stock; then, binding materials are adopted to wind the joint of the scion and the stock, and the package is firm;

4) post-grafting management

And after grafting is finished, performing water and fertilizer management, and timely trimming lateral buds and root bad buds germinated on the rootstock to obtain a grafted seedling of red sage/red lipped.

Wherein, the scion in the step 1) is a top tender stem with 1-3 nodes reserved.

Particularly, the scion in the step 1) is preferably a top tender stem with 2-3 knots.

Particularly, the removal of 1/3-2/3 of the functional leaves of the scion means that the ratio of the area of the removed functional leaves to the original area of the functional leaves is 1/3-2/3, and preferably 1/2.

Particularly, the method also comprises the step 1A) of cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge shape and then carrying out the grafting treatment.

Wherein, 1/2 of the functional leaves of the scions are cut and removed in the step 1).

Wherein, the rootstock in the step 2) keeps a pair of functional leaves of the uppermost node of the stem section, and the rest leaves, lateral buds and root suckers are removed.

Particularly, the lower 3 nodes of the stem segment of the callicarpa peduncularis plant are selected and reserved as the stock.

Wherein the length of the lower end of the scion inserted into the rootstock in the step 3) is 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm, and further preferably 1.0 cm.

Particularly, the lower end of a bunch of red scions is cut into a wedge shape with the length of 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm, and further preferably 1.0cm, and then inserted into a gap of the longitudinally split rootstock.

The depth of the gap at the upper end of the stem section longitudinally split by the rootstock in the step 3) is 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm, and further preferably 1.0 cm.

Particularly, the step 4) further comprises covering the grafted seedlings with a self-sealing bag, and culturing under the conditions that the temperature is 18-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 70% -80%.

In particular, the binding material described in step 3) is selected from a sealing film, preferably a 'Parafilm' sealing film (manufactured by Bemis company, usa).

The method of the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention takes the red lips as the stock, the developed root system of the red lips has strong growth potential, and the nutrition supply of the grafted seedlings after survival is ensured.

2. The method greatly improves the grafting success rate of different plants of the same genus, namely scarlet sage and vermilion, the grafting survival rate reaches more than 43 percent, the growth speed of grafted seedlings after grafting is accelerated, the height of the grafted seedlings is high, the leaf area of functional leaves is large, and the stem sections are thick.

3. The photosynthesis capability of the plant vermilion is strong, the chlorophyll content of leaves is higher than that of scarlet sage, after the scion survives, the stock and the scion can simultaneously flower by keeping the axillary bud of the stock, the same-plant heteroflorous shape is formed, and the ornamental value of the flower plant is increased.

4. The method for grafting the vermilion with the sage herb has the advantages of simple operation and high survival rate, and is suitable for wide popularization and application.

5. The method improves the moisture preservation of the grafted seedlings, uses the 'Parafilm' sealing film as a binding material, and the material is a thermoplastic self-sealing film which has good ductility, can be stretched by 3-4 times without breaking, has certain adhesive force, simultaneously has excellent water vapor permeability, and locks moisture when normal oxygen and carbon dioxide circulation is ensured. In addition, after grafting, the pot is covered by the valve bag, so that the loss of moisture can be effectively reduced, the humidity of the grafting part of the grafted seedling is improved, and the grafting survival rate is improved.

Different from the common binding of the grafted seedling combining part by adopting a preservative film, silk threads and a grafting clip, the invention selects the sealing film with good air permeability and moisture retention to bind and fix the wound, can effectively reduce the external pollution on the grafting plant junction and improve the mutual binding force of the combining parts.

6. The grafted seedling obtained by the method has high chlorophyll content and high net photosynthetic rate, the photosynthesis capability of the grafted plant is improved, and the grafted seedling has the advantages of tall and large plant, robustness, thick stem, large flower quantity and full inflorescence.

7. The method has the advantages that the grafted plant stock and the scion can bloom simultaneously, the ornamental value and the novelty are improved, and the recognition capability of the grafted plant to the stock pollen is improved through late full-bloom distant hybridization, so that the maturing rate of the hybridization of the red sage and the vermilion lip is obviously improved, and the distant hybridization grafting affinity of the red sage is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a drawing of a scarlet scion according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the lower end of a cluster of red scions according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a grafted survival plant;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of simultaneous flowering of the rootstock and the scion.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The tools, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

In the embodiment of the invention, a plant red sage material is red sage 'white horse prince', a vermilion lip material is vermilion lip 'red cloud', the two materials have the same cultivation and growth environment, and the selection period is seedling period (namely the plant before blooming is subjected to grafting treatment).

The binding material for the grafted seedling of the present invention uses a sealing film of 'Parafilm' of Bemis company, USA.

Example 1

1. Preparation of stock and scion material

Sowing Zhuchizi seeds and a string of red seeds in different hole trays respectively at the same time, and covering the surface of the substrate with vermiculite, wherein the volume ratio is 1: 1, taking turf and sand mixed in proportion as a culture medium, and covering a plug tray with a plastic film for moisturizing; and (3) changing the pots when the leaves grow to 2-3 pairs of true leaves (aiming at promoting root growth and better promoting the overall growth of plants), meanwhile, paying attention to water and fertilizer management (pouring a 'Christmas tree' water-soluble compound fertilizer dissolved in a ratio of 1: 1000 once every week), and grafting when the red-lipped and red-stringed pots grow to 5-6 pairs of true leaves.

When the red lips grow to 5-6 pairs of true leaves after the basin is replaced, the red lips can be used as a stock for grafting, and 3-4 sections can be left as the stock after 2 sections at the top end are removed, so that the length is proper; when the red sage grows to 5-6 pairs of true leaves after the pot is changed, the red sage can be used as a scion for taking materials, because the thicknesses of 2-3 stem segments at the top end are proper when 5-6 pairs of true leaves are used.

2. Preparation of stock Material

2A, select seedling stage, have 5 ~ 6 strong plants of vermilion lip to the true leaf, cut off the plant upper end, remain 3 sections (3 ~ 4 sections usually) in vermilion lip plant stem segment portion lower part, as the stock, and remain a pair of functional leaf of the uppermost section of stem segment portion that will remain, be used for carrying out photosynthesis, provide nutrition metabolite for scion and stock self, all the other blades, the lateral bud is got rid of with the root tiller bud, prevent that these meristems compete for the scion nutrition, make the nutrition of stock can fully carry to the scion part, improve the scion survival rate.

And 2B, longitudinally splitting the upper end of the stem section of the stock, wherein the depth is 1.0cm (usually 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm), and preparing the stock material for later use.

In the invention, a pair of functional leaves at the uppermost section of the rootstock is reserved for photosynthesis, but only a pair of functional leaves are reserved for preventing excessive lateral buds from sprouting.

3. Preparation of scion Material

3A, selecting a red bunch of strong plants with 5-6 pairs of true leaves in a seedling stage, shearing top tender stems with 2 nodes (usually 1-3 nodes) reserved, taking top tender stems with a distance of 2cm (usually 2-3 cm) away from functional leaves of a second node as scions, and then shearing to remove partial functional leaves, wherein the area of the reserved functional leaves is 1/2 (usually 1/3-2/3, preferably 1/2) of the original functional area, namely, shearing to remove half of the functional leaves, namely, shearing to remove half of the area of the functional leaves, as shown in figure 1;

preferably, each functional leaf for retaining the scion is cut and removed by 1/3-2/3, and preferably 1/2 area of the leaf.

The area of the functional leaves is cut to be about half of that of the functional leaves, the transpiration and water loss of the scions are reduced, and the grafting success rate and the survival rate of grafted seedlings are improved.

In the invention, 1-3 sections of top tender stems of the scions are reserved, 1 section is reserved, the growth is slow, the number of buds is small, the germination probability is small, and the survival rate is reduced; if 3 sections are reserved, the distance between the sections is small, if the sections are too long, water is volatilized, and the survival rate is reduced; 2 sections are reserved, the number of buds is increased, and the length of the scion is moderate.

And 3B, cutting the stem part into a wedge shape with the length of 1.0cm (usually 0.5-1.0 cm, preferably 0.7-1.0 cm) at a position 1cm below the lowest pair (namely the 2 nd section) of functional leaves of the tender stem of the scion to prepare the scion material for later use, wherein the distance is 1cm from the stem part to the lower part of the functional leaves of the tender stem of the scion, and the scion material is shown in figures 1 and 2.

After the stock and the scion material are prepared, the stock and the scion material are combined as soon as possible, the oxidation of the cut surfaces of the stock and the scion material is prevented, and the disinfection of tools such as a scissor blade and the like is noticed.

4. Grafting treatment

Selecting a scion with the same or slightly smaller thickness as the rootstock, inserting the wedge-shaped lower part of the scion into the splitting part of the rootstock, aligning the phloem of the scion with the phloem of the rootstock, and then winding a sealing film (a sealing film of 'Parafilm' of Bemis company in America) with the length of about 3cm and the width of about 1.5cm around the joint of the scion and the rootstock, so that the scion is wrapped firmly.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the 'Parafilm' sealing film is used as a binding material to bind the joint of the grafted seedling, and has good air permeability and moisture retention, so that the external pollution on the joint of the grafted plant is effectively reduced, and the mutual binding force of the joint is improved. In addition to the 'Parafilm' lidding film, other lidding films are suitable for use in the present invention, as are other tie materials known in the art, for example, food wrap films, to some extent.

A red scion and a red lipped stock are grafted in a seedling stage, and the alignment of phloem of the scion and the stock is noticed during grafting. After the seedling stage of the stock Zhu lipi, the xylem in the stem is increased, and the grafting is not easy to survive. And selecting the rootstock with less xylem for grafting.

5. Cultivation of grafted seedlings

After grafting, watering the plants thoroughly, covering the grafted seedlings with a self-sealing bag, and keeping moisture. Culturing the grafted seedling at 18-25 ℃ and with the humidity of 70-80%, opening the self-sealing bag to turn over every morning, removing the lateral buds and the root buds which germinate in time, covering the plant, surviving the plant for about 15 days, and removing the self-sealing bag.

30 strains of Zhuchizu and herba Crotalariae sessiliflorae are respectively selected for grafting treatment, the survival rate is counted, and the counting result is shown in table 1.

Example 2

1. Preparation of stock and scion material

Same as in example 1.

2. Preparation of stock Material

The procedure was as in example 1 except that the lower 4 nodes of the stem part of the callicarpa pedunculata plant were retained as the stock in step 2A).

3. Preparation of scion Material

3A, selecting a red bunch of strong plants with 5-6 pairs of true leaves in a seedling stage, shearing top tender stems of 3 preserved sections, taking top tender stems which are 2.5cm away from functional leaves of the 3 rd section as scions, and then shearing to remove part of functional leaves, wherein the area of the preserved functional leaves is 1/2 (usually 1/3-2/3, preferably 1/2) of the original functional area, namely shearing to remove half of the functional leaves, namely shearing to remove half of the area of the functional leaves;

and 3B, cutting the stem part into a wedge shape with the length of 1.0cm at a position 1.5cm below a pair of functional leaves (namely the 3 rd section) at the lowest part of the tender stem of the scion to prepare a scion material for later use.

4. Grafting treatment

Same as in example 1.

5. Cultivation of grafted seedlings

Same as in example 1.

Example 3

1. Preparation of stock and scion material

Same as in example 1.

2. Preparation of stock Material

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that 3 nodes of the lower part of the stem of the callicarpa pedunculata plant were retained as a stock in step 2A), and the upper end of the stem of the stock was longitudinally split to a depth of 0.7 cm.

3. Preparation of scion Material

3A, selecting a red bunch of strong plants with 5-6 pairs of true leaves in a seedling stage, shearing top tender stems of 2 nodes, taking top tender stems which are 2.0cm away from functional leaves of the 2 nd node as scions, and then shearing to remove part of functional leaves, wherein the area of the reserved functional leaves is 1/2 (usually 1/3-2/3, preferably 1/2) of the original functional area, namely shearing to remove half of the functional leaves, namely shearing to remove half of the area of the functional leaves;

and 3B, cutting the stem part into a wedge shape with the length of 0.7cm at a position 1.3cm below a pair of functional leaves (namely the 2 nd section) at the lowest part of the tender stem of the scion to prepare a scion material for later use.

4. Grafting treatment

Same as in example 1.

5. Cultivation of grafted seedlings

Same as in example 1.

Example 4

1. Preparation of stock and scion material

Same as in example 1.

2. Preparation of stock Material

The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that 3 nodes of the lower part of the stem of the callicarpa pedunculata plant were retained as a stock in step 2A), and the upper end of the stem of the stock was longitudinally split to a depth of 0.5 cm.

3. Preparation of scion Material

3A, selecting a red bunch of strong plants with 5-6 pairs of true leaves in a seedling stage, shearing and keeping top tender stems of 2 nodes, taking top tender stems which are 2.0cm away from functional leaves of the 2 nd node as scions, and then shearing and removing part of functional leaves, wherein the area of the reserved functional leaves is 2/3 (usually 1/3-2/3, preferably 1/2) of the original functional area, namely shearing and removing 1/3 of the functional leaves with the area of 1/3, namely shearing and removing 1/3 of the area of the functional leaves;

and 3B, cutting the stem part into a wedge shape with the length of 0.5cm at a position 1.5cm below a pair of functional leaves (namely the 2 nd section) at the lowest part of the tender stem of the scion to prepare a scion material for later use.

4. Grafting treatment

Same as in example 1.

5. Cultivation of grafted seedlings

Same as in example 1.

Example 5

1. Preparation of stock and scion material

Same as in example 1.

2. Preparation of stock Material

Same as in example 1.

3. Preparation of scion Material

3A, selecting a red bunch of strong plants with 5-6 pairs of true leaves in a seedling stage, shearing and keeping the top tender stem of 3 nodes, taking the top tender stem which is 2.0cm away from the functional leaf of the 3 rd node as a scion, and then shearing and removing part of functional leaves, wherein the area of the reserved functional leaves is 1/2 (usually 1/3-2/3) of the original functional area, namely shearing and removing the functional leaves with the area of 1/2, namely shearing and removing the area of the functional leaves with the area of 1/2;

and 3B, cutting the stem part into a wedge shape with the length of 1.0cm at a position 1.0cm below a pair of functional leaves (namely the 3 rd section) at the lowest part of the tender stem of the scion to prepare a scion material for later use.

4. Grafting treatment

Same as in example 1.

5. Cultivation of grafted seedlings

Same as in example 1.

TABLE 1 comprehensive index test results for growth and development of grafted and rooted Vermilion stock

Example 6

The method is the same as the embodiment 1 except that one side bud of the rootstock is kept in the survival plant after grafting for 15 days in the step 5), and other germinated side buds are all removed, the germinated side buds of the rootstock are removed to ensure that all nutrition of the plant is only supplied to the side buds and the scion, unnecessary side buds and root tiller buds are removed during growth, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer of 'Christmas tree' is applied once a week. Grafted seedling plants with scions and rootstocks flowering simultaneously are obtained, as shown in fig. 4.

Comparative example 1

The same water and fertilizer management as in example 1 was conducted by sowing a cluster of red self-rooted seedlings in the tray of example 1 as control example 1.

Comparative example 2

The case of comparative example 2 in which Kazuki seedlings were sown in the trays of example 1 was conducted, and the water and fertilizer management was the same as that of example 1.

Experimental example 1 comprehensive index test for growth and development of a red sage grafted seedling

The plant height of the plants was measured when the grafted seedling of example 1, shochu/vermilion, the self-rooted seedling of control example 1, and the self-rooted seedling of control example 2, grew vermilion to the full-bloom stage; the stem is thick; measuring the leaf area of the fully-unfolded functional leaves at the top of the plant by adopting a YMJ-CH intelligent leaf area measuring system; fresh weight of inflorescence fully blooming at the top of the plant;

measuring chlorophyll content according to method of physiological and biochemical test principle and technique of plants (edited by Lihesheng, advanced education Press, published in 2000);

a CIRAS-3 photosynthesis determination system (Hansa scientific instruments, Inc.) is adopted to determine net photosynthetic rate at 10 am for 5 consecutive days, a first section of spread functional leaves at the top of a plant is clamped by a leaf chamber to determine, each plant is repeated for three times, and an average value is taken.

The test results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 comprehensive index test results of the growth and development of grafted seedlings of Zhuchis stock and self-rooted seedlings of Chunhong and Chunhong

Note: values represent mean ± sd (n ═ 5), and the difference between treatments at the same time is significant for different letters in the table (P < 0.05)

The test result shows that: the grafting obviously improves the growth and development comprehensive index of the red sage, promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll of the plants and improves the photosynthetic rate of the plants. Because the chlorophyll content of the stock vermilion is high and the photosynthesis capability is strong, the excellent characters of the stock vermilion have influence on the growth and development of the scion through the grafting effect, so that the chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis capability of the grafted seedling are improved.

Test example 2 hybridization test of a Red sage grafted seedling

When the grafted seedling of example 1, namely the red sage/vermilion, and the root seedling of the control example 1, namely the red sage, grow to the full-bloom stage, 5 florets with the same growth speed at the lower middle part of the inflorescence are selected, and the rest florets are removed. Selecting corolla and calyx cylinder of a floret to be emasculated in equal length, covering with a sulfuric acid paper bag, collecting fresh male parent (Zhu lip) pollen after the pistil of the floret extends out of the front end of the corolla to be forked, clamping filaments with forceps, carrying out artificial pollination on the forked tip of the stigma, repeatedly pollinating once in the afternoon after pollination once in the morning, covering the bag to record pollination date and time, placing the pollination place in a ventilated and sunny place, changing a mesh bag to cover inflorescences after the corolla of the floret collapses and falls off, spraying leaf fertilizer on the fruiting plant after pollination, promoting seed maturation, collecting the pollinated inflorescences after the calyx is decolored and dried, threshing, counting the hybridization number, and calculating the setting rate, wherein: setting rate (number of bearing/number of pollinated florets) × 100%.

The results of the statistical calculations of pollination and fruit set are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 pollination of grafted Zhuchis stock and self-rooted seedlings, setting percentage test results

Table 3 the test results show that: compared with the distant hybridization seed setting rate of the self-rooted seedling, the distant hybridization seed setting rate of the grafted seedling has obvious difference, which shows that the recognition capability of the plant to the stock pollen can be improved through the grafting treatment, and the distant hybridization obstacle of the red sage and the red lipped can be broken off to a certain extent, so that the seed setting rate of the distant hybridization of the red sage and the red lipped plant is improved.

Claims

1. A grafting method of a flower plant herba seu flos Crotalariae sessiliflorae is characterized by taking a herba seu flos Crotalariae sessiliflorae plant in seedling stage as scion and grafting on a Zhu lip plant in seedling stage;

the grafting method comprises the following steps of:

1) selecting scions:

2) selecting the rootstock:

3) grafting treatment:

inserting the lower end of a cluster of red scions into a gap at the upper end of a stem section longitudinally split by the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and aligning the phloem of the scions with the phloem of the stock; then, binding materials are adopted to wind the joint of the scion and the stock, and the package is firm; the length of the lower end of the scion inserted into the stock is 0.7-1.0 cm; the depth of a gap at the upper end of the stem section longitudinally split by the rootstock is 0.7-1.0 cm;

4) and (3) management after grafting:

2. The grafting method of claim 1, wherein the seedling stage scarlet sage is a scarlet plant grown to 5-6 true leaves.

3. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the callicarpa pedunculata at seedling stage is callicarpa pedunculata plant grown to 5-6 pairs of true leaves.

4. The grafting method of claim 1, wherein the scion in step 1) is an apical tender stem retaining 1-3 nodes.

5. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in step 1) 1/2 of the functional leaves are removed by scion shearing.

6. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the rootstock in step 2) retains a pair of functional leaves of the uppermost node of the stem segment, and the remaining leaves, lateral buds and tiller buds are removed.

7. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the length of the lower end of the scion inserted into the rootstock in step 3) is 1.0 cm.

8. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the depth of the slit at the upper end of the stem segment split longitudinally from the rootstock in the step 3) is 1.0 cm.

9. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 4, further comprising the step of covering the grafted seedling with a valve bag and culturing the grafted seedling at a temperature of 18 to 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 70 to 80%.