CN109729859B - Grafting method for dwarfing and annual flowering of cananga odorata - Google Patents
Grafting method for dwarfing and annual flowering of cananga odorata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, and discloses a grafting method for dwarfing cananga odorata and blooming all the year round. The grafting method takes cananga odorata as a stock and cananga odorata as a scion, and grafting is carried out in a scion grafting mode; wherein, primary stock shearing is carried out before grafting, and secondary stock shearing is carried out 5-7 days after grafting; and carrying out intermittent bud touching treatment during the healing period of the stock and the scion, and timely cleaning the stock bud points until the scion grows new buds. In the dwarfing grafting process of the cananga odorata, the optimized cananga odorata is taken as the stock, the cananga odorata is taken as the scion, the common bud exposing bud grafting mode is changed into the branch grafting mode, and meanwhile, proper secondary stock shearing and intermittent stock bud touching processing are carried out, so that the survival rate of cananga odorata grafted seedlings is remarkably improved, the purposes of dwarfing production and annual flowering of the cananga odorata are realized, and the industrial planting benefit of the cananga odorata is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a grafting method for dwarfing cananga odorata and blooming all the year round.
Background
Cananga odorata (Lam.) hook.f. & Thomson has important economic value and development prospect. Cananga odorata is a woody perfume plant with perennial heat generation of Cananga of the family Annonaceae (Annonaceae), is a reputation of 'world champion' and 'natural perfume tree', Cananga odorata essential oil extracted from petals of Cananga odorata is a rare natural high-grade perfume and a high-grade perfume fixative, has health-care effects of resisting depression, resisting bacteria, promoting estrus, reducing blood pressure, calming and the like, and is a daily-use chemical raw material for manufacturing perfumes, perfumed soaps, cosmetics and the like.
At present, the cananga odorata is mainly planted in areas such as the island of the Kyoho, the Gassaka motor, the island of the Yotty McClerode, and the like, and annual oil yield of cananga odorata is about 65 tons, wherein the amount of the cananga odorata accounts for 80 percent. The method is mainly planted in the areas of Hainan, Yunnan and the like, and provinces such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan and the like also have sporadic distribution in 60 s of China in 20 th century. As a spice product which is popular among people and tropical agricultural products with important application, the problems of strong demand and insufficient supply exist for a long time, the annual consumption of China accounts for 40 percent of the total world production, and the domestic production is little and mostly depends on import. With the continuous improvement of the quality of life, the demand of China on cananga odorata is greatly increased. Cananga odorata serving as a typical tropical characteristic spice crop has important significance for developing local characteristic economy and improving income and living standard of farmers in remote areas, and has wide development prospect.
Cananga odorata is a fast-growing plant, a naturally-growing tree body is as high as 25 m, and dwarfing planting is needed in agricultural production. However, the cananga dwarfing production technology is not broken through yet, and the continuous development of the industry health is restricted. Currently, the total yield of the cananga oil in the world is continuously reduced from 100 tons before 20 years to 65 tons currently under the constraint of cananga dwarfing technology, wherein the yield reduction of the majorita of the second major country is particularly obvious, and the yield is reduced from 25 tons in 2006 to 7 tons currently. The cananga odorata is mainly planted in places such as Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong and Fujian, wherein the planting scale of the cananga odorata only reaches 20 ten thousand mu. As the tropical special crop industry, technical methods such as 'ylang-ylang tree dwarfing and shaping method', 'ylang-ylang dew bud budding' and the like are researched by Chua palatinia, Liu luster and the like, certain progress is achieved, but the tree form is still as high as 4-15 m after the trees are planted for many years, the trees are required to be frequently picked and trimmed, the flower picking is difficult, the labor cost is greatly increased, the industry is gradually shrunken, and the like, and the trees are only distributed in a small amount in Xishuangbanna, Baoshan and the like at present.
In addition, the cananga odorata is short in flowering period of 5-8 months, but dwarfing and pruning need to be carried out all year round, so that the cost is high and the benefit is low.
Therefore, the dwarfing and the annual flowering of cananga odorata are key technical problems in planting production, and a technical method suitable for thorough dwarfing planting and annual flowering of cananga odorata is not available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a grafting method for dwarfing cananga odorata and flowering all the year around, so that the plant height of the grafted plant is 90-120 cm after three years, and cananga odorata dwarfing is realized;
another object of the present invention is to provide a grafting method for cananga dwarfing and annual flowering, which enables the grafted plant to bloom rapidly, while increasing the flowering rate and realizing annual flowering;
another object of the present invention is to provide a grafting method for cananga dwarfing and annual flowering, which enables the grafted plant to achieve a 100% survival rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a graft method for dwarfing cananga odorata and blooming all the year round takes cananga odorata as a stock and cananga odorata as a scion to carry out grafting in a scion grafting mode; wherein, primary stock shearing is carried out before grafting, and secondary stock shearing is carried out 5-7 days after grafting; and carrying out intermittent bud touching treatment during the healing period of the stock and the scion, and timely cleaning the stock bud points until the scion grows new buds. The intermittent bud-touching treatment refers to timely cleaning of the stock bud points according to the stock bud point conditions, and the scion is guaranteed to grow new buds and grow smoothly.
More specifically, Cananga odorata (c.v. Mihua) is taken as a rootstock, Cananga odorata (c.v. Xiangshui) is taken as a scion, and grafting is carried out in a grafting way; wherein, primary stock shearing is carried out before grafting, and secondary stock shearing is carried out 5-7 days after grafting; carrying out intermittent stock bud touching treatment 12-14 days after grafting; and (4) after 25-30 days of grafting, the stock and the scion are healed, the scion grows out a new bud, and the bud point on the stock is cleaned in time.
Aiming at the technical problems of dwarfing production, short flowering phase and the like of the current cananga odorata, the excellent cananga odorata grafting stock spike is prepared, and the cananga odorata dwarfing production and annual flowering are realized by using a grafting mode of branch grafting and through methods of secondary stock shearing, intermittent stock bud touching and the like, so that technical support is provided for the cananga odorata dwarfing close planting.
Preferably, the grafting method comprises:
step 1, selecting 1-2 year-old bagged seedlings of dense-flower cananga odorata, and performing primary stock shearing at a position which is more than or equal to 15 cm away from a position to be grafted before grafting; selecting branches of 2-3 years from cananga odorata trees, cutting short branches with bud points, cutting a long cut surface at the lower end of each short branch, and cutting a short cut surface on the opposite surface of each long cut surface to obtain a scion;
step 2, taking the part of the stock with the soil surface facing upwards to the first bud point as a grafting part, opening a cut, wherein the depth is just seen in xylem, the length is equal to the length of a long cutting surface of the scion, and the cut stock sheet is only connected with the bottom end of the cut when the cut is made; the scion is embedded into the cut of the stock, so that the scion cambium is aligned and attached to the stock cambium, and the joint of the scion and the stock is fixed;
and 3, carrying out intermittent stock bud touching treatment after grafting.
Generally grafting the rootstock between a first bud point and a third bud point (including the first bud point and the third bud point) on the soil surface of the rootstock, considering that the withering phenomenon may occur at the top end of the rootstock by 2-10 cm after the rootstock is cut, so that the rootstock is required to be cut once at a position which is more than or equal to 15 cm from the position to be grafted, and preferably to be cut once at a position which is 25-30 cm away from the soil surface;
preferably, the height of a plant of the rootstock is less than 2 meters, and the diameter at breast height of the plant is 1-3 cm; the diameter of the seedling raising bag of the bagged seedlings of the cananga odorata is 20 +/-5 cm, and the height of the seedling raising bag is 20 +/-5 cm. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the height of the plant of the rootstock is 1.8 meters, and the diameter at breast height of the plant is 2.6 centimeters; the diameter of the seedling raising bag of the bagged seedlings of the cananga odorata is 20cm, and the height of the seedling raising bag is 20 cm.
Preferably, the scion (i.e. the short branch in step 2) has a diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm, a length of 6-10 cm and 2-3 bud points. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the scion has a 0.6 cm diameter portion, 8.0 cm length, and 3 bud points.
Preferably, the long sliced surface has a length of 0.8 to 1.5 cm and has an end portion of 2/3 to 3/4 parts of the thickness of the scion. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the long cutting surface is 1.2 cm long, and the end part of the long cutting surface is as deep as 3/4 with thick scions.
Preferably, the short-cut surface is 0.5-1.0 cm long. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the short facets have a length of 0.6 cm.
In the grafting process, the cut on the stock needs to be matched with the length of the long cutting surface of the scion, and is generally a rectangular cut; the temperature during grafting is preferably 15-30 ℃, and more preferably 20-25 ℃.
According to the invention, the method with different grafting modes is set as a comparative example, grafting is carried out under the same test environment, and the result shows that the scion survival rate is 0 by only carrying out the grafting scheme of cutting stocks once, but the grafting method can reach 100%; meanwhile, the purposes of quick blooming and annual blooming cannot be achieved by using the conventional Sterlan cananga as a stock or adopting a grafting method of bud grafting with exposed buds, and the blooming proportion is low; the cananga odorata grafted by the grafting method has the plant height of 90-120 cm after three years, which is far lower than the current dwarfing height of 4 m, so that the collection efficiency is improved, and the pruning cost is reduced.
According to the technical scheme, in the dwarfing grafting process of the cananga odorata, the optimized dense cananga odorata is taken as the stock, the cananga odorata is taken as the scion, the common bud-exposed bud grafting mode is changed into the branch grafting mode, and meanwhile, proper secondary stock shearing and intermittent stock bud touching treatment are carried out, so that the survival rate of cananga odorata grafted seedlings is remarkably improved, the purposes of dwarfing production and annual flowering of the cananga odorata are achieved, and the planting benefit of the cananga odorata industry is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows one side of a long-cut surface of a scion prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows one side of the short-cut side of the scion prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the front of a conventional bud-exposed scion;
FIG. 4 shows the reverse side of a conventional bud-exposed scion.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a grafting method for dwarfing cananga odorata and blooming all the year round, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve process parameters by referring to the content of the cananga odorata. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the grafting method of the present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the techniques of the present invention may be practiced and applied by modifying or appropriately modifying or combining the grafting methods described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the grafting time, the grafting season is suitable for 4-6 months or 8-10 months, the suitable temperature during the grafting is 20-25 ℃, the temperature is not lower than 15 ℃ (the growth and development of the cananga odorata scion are restricted, the dormancy of the bud points of the cananga odorata scion is easily caused), and the temperature is not higher than 30 ℃ (the growth of the cananga odorata scion is restricted, the water loss and the withering of the bud points of the cananga odorata scion are easily caused). Grafting is preferably carried out at 8: 00-10: 00 a day or at 16: 00-18: 00 a.m.
After cananga odorata grafting is finished, the stock scions heal up in 20-25 days, and the scions grow new buds; and after 90-120 days of grafting, the scion grows to have a new branch of 15-30 cm, and 5-10 flowers begin to form at the top of the new branch. In order to ensure the healthy growth of the grafted cananga odorata seedlings, the grafted seedlings need to be transplanted in a field for field planting in time. During transplanting, digging holes with the length of about 60 cm, the width of about 50 cm and the depth of 50 cm, applying enough base fertilizer, applying 2 kg of organic fertilizer into each hole, mixing 1-2 kg of coconut coir, and returning the holes with surface soil. After planting, watering enough root fixing water, and covering the planting holes with grass to reduce water evaporation. And 3-4 thick and strong new branches grow out of the scions 1 year after the field planting, the maximum height of the plants is about 1-1.5 meters, and the grafted dwarfing cananga plants bloom into the full-bloom stage, so that the full-year blooming can be realized.
The dwarfing cananga obtained by the grafting method can increase the number of the planted plants in the same planting area; the row spacing of the grafted cymbidium dwarfing plants is 1 m multiplied by 1 m, 660 grafted cymbidium dwarfing plants are planted per mu, the plant height is about 1.0-1.5 m, the annual yield of a single plant of fresh flowers can reach 4.0 kg, and the yield of fresh flowers per mu can reach 2640 kg; the row spacing of the traditional cananga dwarfing planting plants is 6 meters multiplied by 6 meters, about 20 cananga plants are planted per mu, the yield of each plant of fresh flowers is 3.0 kilograms, and the yield of the fresh flowers per mu is 60 kilograms. Therefore, the planting density of the dwarfing grafting cananga odorata is 33 times of that of the traditional cananga odorata, the labor cost of flower picking is reduced, and the yield of unit land area is increased.
In the specific comparison test of the invention, the test environments of other materials and the like are consistent except for the due differences of each group.
The grafting method for cananga dwarfing and annual flowering provided by the invention is further explained below.
Example 1: the grafting method of the invention
'Cananga odorata c.v. mihua' is used as a rootstock, and 'Cananga odorata c.v. xiangshui' is used as a scion, so that Cananga dwarfing grafted variety materials are developed.
Stock preparation: selecting 2-year-old bagged seedlings (the diameter of a seedling bag is about 20cm, the height of the seedling bag is about 20cm, and the seedling bag is used for limiting the growth of the root system of cananga odorata), wherein the height of a plant is 1.8 m, the diameter at breast height of the plant is about 2.6 cm, and the plant is healthy and free of plant diseases and insect pests; 5 days before grafting, the position 25 cm away from the soil surface of the stock is subjected to primary stock shearing, and the incision angle is about 45 degrees.
Preparing scions: selecting 2-year-old, strong and mechanical-damage-free branches from cananga odorata trees to be grafted; keeping a part of the branch with the diameter of 0.6 cm, and cutting the part into scions with the diameter of 8.0 cm, wherein the scions have 3 bud points; cutting a long cutting surface with the length of 1.2 cm at the lower end of the scion, wherein the end part of the long cutting surface is 3/4 with the thickness of the scion, and cutting a short cutting surface with the length of 0.6 cm on the opposite surface of the long cutting surface to obtain the cananga odorata scion to be grafted.
The graft mode of cananga odorata grafting:
time selection: and in 2013, 5, 12 months and 25 ℃ indoor temperature of the greenhouse, and grafting is carried out at 8: 00-10: 00 in the morning.
Grafting method: at the position 10 cm away from the soil surface of the stock, the position of the first bud point is used as a grafting position, a smooth rectangular opening is formed, the depth of the opening is just seen in the xylem, the length of the opening is equal to the length of a long cutting surface of the scion, and the cut stock piece is only connected with the bottom end of the cut when the cut is formed; the scion is embedded into the rectangular cut of the stock, so that the scion cambium is aligned and attached to the stock cambium, and the joint of the scion and the stock is fixed by a plastic film from bottom to top.
Secondary stock shearing and intermittent bud touching treatment: 5 days after grafting, carrying out 'secondary stock shearing' treatment at a position 15 cm away from the soil surface, wherein the cut angle is about 45 degrees; carrying out intermittent bud touching treatment 14 days after grafting; the stock and the scion are basically healed 25 days after the grafting, the scion grows out a new bud, and the bud point on the stock is cleaned in time.
Dwarfing and grafting cananga odorata and field management for full-year flowering: after cananga odorata grafting, a new branch grows 23 cm after the scion grows 95 days, and 8 florets begin to form at the top of the new branch. And transplanting in a field, digging holes with the length of about 60 cm, the width of about 50 cm and the depth of 50 cm, applying enough base fertilizer, applying 2 kg of organic fertilizer into each hole, mixing 2 kg of coconut coir, and returning the holes by using surface soil. After planting, watering enough root fixing water. 1 year after planting, the scion grows 3 thick and strong new branches, the maximum height of the plant is about 1.3 meters, and the grafted dwarfing cananga plants bloom and enter the full-bloom stage.
Dwarfing grafted cananga high-density planting: the row spacing of the grafted cymbidium dwarfing plants is 1 m multiplied by 1 m, about 660 grafted cymbidium dwarfing plants are planted per mu, the plant height is about 1.3 m, and the annual yield of single fresh flowers in 2017 is 4.3 kg.
Example 2: conventional bud-exposing bud grafting method
'Cananga odorata c.v. mihua' is used as a rootstock, and 'Cananga odorata c.v. xiangshui' is used as a scion, so that Cananga dwarfing grafted variety materials are developed.
Stock preparation: selecting 2-year-old bagged seedlings (the diameter of a seedling bag is about 20cm, the height of the seedling bag is about 20cm, and the seedling bag is used for limiting the growth of the root system of cananga odorata), wherein the height of a plant is 1.8 m, the diameter at breast height of the plant is about 2.6 cm, and the plant is healthy and free of plant diseases and insect pests; 5 days before grafting, the position 25 cm away from the soil surface of the stock is subjected to primary stock shearing, and the incision angle is about 45 degrees.
Preparing bud slice scions: selecting 2-year-old, strong and mechanically-undamaged straight branches from an cananga odorata tree to be grafted as bud scions, shearing off leaves on the bud scions, and keeping leaf stalks; collecting the current day of scion, selecting dormant buds at flatter parts on scion branches of bud slices, cutting the dormant buds in an up-and-down transverse mode for one time, cutting the dormant buds in a left-and-right longitudinal mode for one time, wherein the scion of the bud slices is 0.8-1.5 cm long, 0.5-1.0 cm wide and the depth of the bud slices just reaches xylem; and slightly pulling the petioles on the bud grafting scions by using the forefinger and the thumb to strip the petioles from the xylem to obtain the ylang bud grafting scions to be grafted.
The bud grafting mode of the cananga odorata dew:
time selection: and in 2013, 5, 12 months and 25 ℃ indoor temperature of the greenhouse, and grafting is carried out at 8: 00-10: 00 in the morning.
And (3) carrying out bud budding: the method is characterized in that the distance between the rootstock and the soil surface is 10 cm, the rootstock piece can be matched with the bud slice scion as a standard, the cut rootstock piece is only connected with the bottom end of the cut when the cut is made, the bud slice scion is embedded into the cut, the cambium layer of the bud slice scion is aligned with the cambium layer of the rootstock, the cut rootstock piece is tightly pressed on the bud slice scion, bud points on the bud slice scion are exposed, the bud slice scion, the cut rootstock piece, the bud slice scion and the combination part of the bud slice scion and the rootstock are bound from top to bottom, and the length of the cut rootstock wood chip is standard according to the lower end of.
Secondary stock shearing and intermittent bud touching treatment: 5 days after grafting, carrying out 'secondary stock shearing' treatment at a position 15 cm away from the soil surface, wherein the cut angle is about 45 degrees; carrying out intermittent bud touching treatment 14 days after grafting; the stock scions are basically healed 30 days after the bud budding, the bud sheet scions sprout new buds, and the bud points on the stock are cleaned in time.
Dwarfing and grafting cananga odorata and field management for full-year flowering: the bud slice scion grows about 5 cm after the cananga odorata bud grafting is carried out for 95 days, and the bud slice scion grows about 20cm after the cananga odorata bud grafting is carried out for 1 year, but does not bloom; after 2.5 years of dew point bud grafting, gradually blooming, transplanting in a field, digging holes with the length of about 60 cm, the width of about 50 cm and the depth of 50 cm, applying enough base fertilizer, applying 2 kg of organic fertilizer into each hole, mixing 2 kg of coconut coir, and returning the holes with surface soil. After planting, watering enough root fixing water.
Dwarfing grafted cananga high-density planting: the row spacing of the grafted cymbidium dwarfing plants is 1 m multiplied by 1 m, about 660 grafted cymbidium dwarfing plants are planted per mu, and the yield cannot be evaluated because the grafted cymbidium dwarfing plants bloom sporadically.
Example 3: the plant height observation of the grafted dwarfing cananga of the invention
The grafts were grafted in 2013 according to the method of example 1, and the plant heights were observed for 6 consecutive years, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, after grafting by the method, the increase amplitude of the grafted cananga odorata plant height is reduced year by year and tends to be stable, and the whole height is not more than 120 cm; no matter the Mihua cananga or the Sri Lang cananga serving as the rootstock, the plant height is more than 10 meters after the seedlings are planted for 6 years. This indicates that the scheme of the present invention can really and remarkably realize the dwarfing of cananga.
Example 4: cananga dwarfing grafting and annual flowering capability contrast test
The cananga odorata was grafted according to the two grafting methods of example 1 and example 2, each method was performed with 3 groups of 30 plants at the same time, and the characters of plant height, initial flowering phase and annual flowering of the finally obtained cananga odorata dwarf grafted seedlings were compared statistically in the same experimental environment, and the results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 comparison of flowering in 3 and 12 months of grafting
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, by using the cananga odorata as a stock and the cananga odorata as a scion and adopting the cananga odorata dwarfing grafting and annual flowering technical method, the flowering rate of the cananga odorata after 3 months of grafting is 91.11%, the flowering rate of the cananga odorata after 12 months of grafting is 100%, and the level is far higher than that of the method of bud-exposed bud grafting by 11.11%; meanwhile, the flowering level is 4.44% better than that of the Sri Lankan cananga adopted as the stock after 12 months of grafting.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A graft method for Cananga odorata dwarfing and annual flowering is characterized in that Cananga odorata (Cannga odorata c.v. Mihua) is used as a rootstock, Cananga odorata (Canaga odorata c.v. Xiangshui) is used as a scion, and grafting is carried out in a branch grafting mode; wherein, primary stock shearing is carried out before grafting, and secondary stock shearing is carried out 5-7 days after grafting; carrying out intermittent rootstock bud picking treatment 12-14 days after grafting; after 25-30 days of grafting, the stock and the scion are healed, the scion grows out a new bud, and the bud point on the stock is cleaned in time;
the grafted plant can bloom all year round, and the plant height is 90-120 cm after three years, so that cananga odorata dwarfing is realized.
2. The grafting method according to claim 1, comprising:
step 1, selecting 1-2 year-old bagged seedlings of dense-flower cananga odorata, and performing primary stock shearing at a position which is more than or equal to 15 cm away from a position to be grafted before grafting; selecting branches of 2-3 years from cananga odorata trees, cutting short branches with bud points, cutting a long cut surface at the lower end of each short branch, and cutting a short cut surface on the opposite surface of each long cut surface to obtain a scion;
step 2, taking the part of the stock with the soil surface facing upwards to the first bud point as a grafting part, opening a cut, wherein the depth is just seen in xylem, the length is equal to the length of a long cutting surface of the scion, and the cut stock sheet is only connected with the bottom end of the cut when the cut is made; the scion is embedded into the cut of the stock, so that the scion cambium is aligned and attached to the stock cambium, and the joint of the scion and the stock is fixed;
and 3, carrying out intermittent rootstock bud smearing treatment after grafting.
3. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the plant of the rootstock is less than 2 m, and the diameter at breast height of the plant is 1-3 cm.
4. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scion has a diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm, a length of 6-10 cm and 2-3 bud points.
5. The grafting method according to claim 2, wherein the long cutting surface is 0.8-1.5 cm long and the end part of the long cutting surface is 2/3-3/4 as deep as the thickness of the scion.
6. The grafting method according to claim 2, wherein the short bevel is 0.5-1.0 cm long.
7. The grafting method of claim 2, wherein the cut is a rectangular cut.
8. The grafting method according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the seedling raising bag of the bagged seedling of the cananga odorata is 20 +/-5 cm, and the height of the seedling raising bag is 20 +/-5 cm.
9. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of grafting is 15-30 ℃.
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