CN109729859A - A kind of Yilan dwarfing and the annual engrafting method bloomed - Google Patents
A kind of Yilan dwarfing and the annual engrafting method bloomed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to plant graft technical fields, disclose a kind of Yilan dwarfing and the annual engrafting method bloomed.Engrafting method of the present invention is using close colored Yilan as stock, using perfume Yilan as scion, is grafted by scion grafting mode；Wherein, a cut anvil is carried out before grafting, carries out secondary cut anvil within 5~7 days after scion grafting；Anvil fringe carries out intermittent bud of touching and handles during healing, stock bud point is cleared up in time, until scion grows sprouting.The present invention is in the dwarfing grafting procedures of Yilan, using preferred close colored Yilan as stock, using perfume Yilan as scion, changing common dew bud bud to connect mode is scion grafting mode, appropriate secondary cut anvil is carried out simultaneously and intermittent stock touches bud processing, the survival rate of Yilan grafting seedling is significantly improved, Yilan is realized and downgrades production and the annual purpose bloomed, improve the benefit of Yilan industry plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant graft technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Yilan dwarfing and the annual engrafting method bloomed.
Background technique
Before Yilan (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f.&Thomson) has important economic value and exploitation
Scape.Yilan is that the Annonaceae Yilan (Annonaceae) belongs to (Cananga) perennial woody spice berry in the torrid zone, is known as " the world
Fragrant flower champion ", " natural perfume water tree " good reputation, the Cananga odorata quintessence oil that petal extracts is rare natural fine perfumery and advanced
Fixastive has anti-melancholy, antibacterial, promotes the sexual maturity, reduces blood pressure, the health-care effects such as calmness, is to manufacture perfume, perfumed soap and cosmetics etc.
Daily-use chemical industry raw material.
It plants currently, world Yilan is main in areas such as Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Mayottes, produces Yilan oil mass per year
About 65 tons, wherein the Comoros accounts for 80%.China's the 1960s is introduced a fine variety simultaneously by Burma, Laos, Sri Lanka, Indonesia
Success is planted experimentally, in areas such as Hainan, Yunnan, also there are fragmentary distribution in the provinces and regions such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan for main cultivation.As one kind
There is in great demand and supply for a long time not in the fragrance application being favored by people and the tropical agricultural product with important use
The problem of foot, the every annual consumption in China accounts for the 40% of Gross World Product, and domestic production amount is seldom, leans on import more.With life
Quality is continuously improved, and demand of the China to Yilan will also be significantly increased.Yilan is as typical tropical feature spice crop, to hair
Exhibition local economy, raising outlying district farmers' income and living standard are of great significance, and development prospect is wide.
Yilan is the rank vegetation, grows tree body naturally and is up to 25 meters, dwarfing planting is needed in agricultural production.However, Yilan is short
Change production technology not yet to break through, restricts industry healthy and sustainable development.Currently, it is restricted by Yilan dwarfing technology, world's Java Cananga Oil
Total output continues to decline, and is down to current 65 tons by 100 tons before 20 years, wherein the underproduction of the second largest main production country Mayotte is outstanding
To be obvious, yield is down to current 7 tons by 25 tons in 2006.China Yilan is mainly planted in Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, good fortune
The ground such as build, wherein only Yunnan planting scale just once reached 200,000 mu.As tropical feature crop industry, Cai Diannan, Liu Guangze etc.
The technical methods such as " Cananga odorata dwarfing shaping methods ", " Cananga odorata dew bud bud connects " are had studied, obtain certain progress, but plant more
Tree-like still up to 4~15 meters are produced after year, need to often be plucked top trimming, be caused difficulty of picking flowers, labor cost is significantly increased, and leads
The gradually atrophy of cause industry only has a small amount of distribution on Xishuangbanna, the Baoshan and other places at present.
In addition, the main 5~August of florescence in Yilan, the florescence is short, but shortening trimming needs annual development, and at high cost but income is small.
Therefore, the key technology difficulty in Yilan dwarfing and annual always plant development of blooming, does not there is one kind also at present
It is suitble to the thorough dwarfing planting in Yilan and the annual technical method bloomed.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of dwarfing of Yilan and the annual engrafting methods bloomed, so that institute
Plant height realizes that Yilan is downgraded in 90~120cm behind plant 3 years of grafting；
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of Yilan dwarfing and the annual engrafting method bloomed are provided, so that being transferred
The plant connect can quickly bloom, while improve ratio of blooming, and realize that whole year blooms；
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of Yilan dwarfing and the annual engrafting method bloomed are provided, so that being transferred
The plant connect realizes 100% survival rate.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of Yilan dwarfing and the annual engrafting method bloomed, using perfume Yilan as scion, lead to using close colored Yilan as stock
Scion grafting mode is crossed to be grafted；Wherein, a cut anvil is carried out before grafting, carries out secondary cut anvil within 5~7 days after scion grafting；The healing of anvil fringe
Period carries out intermittent bud of touching and handles, and stock bud point is cleared up in time, until scion grows sprouting.It is described it is intermittent touch bud processing refer to root
Stock bud point is cleared up in time according to stock bud point situation, guarantees that scion grows sprouting and smoothly growth.
More specifically, with close Hua Yilan (Cananga odorata c.v.Mihua) for stock, with perfume Yilan
(Cananga odorata c.v.Xiangshui) is scion, is grafted by scion grafting mode；Wherein, one is carried out before grafting
Secondary cut anvil carries out secondary cut anvil in 5~7 days after scion grafting；12~14 days intermittent stocks touch bud processing after scion grafting；25~30 after scion grafting
The healing of its anvil fringe, scion grow sprouting, and clear up the bud point on stock in time.
For production is downgraded in current Yilan, the florescence is short etc., technical problems, the present invention prepares excellent Yilan grafting anvil fringe, utilization
The grafting method of scion grafting touches the methods of bud by secondary cut anvil and intermittent stock, realizes that production is downgraded in Yilan and whole year blooms,
Technical support is provided for the plantation of Yilan Cold region apple.
Preferably, the engrafting method includes:
Step 1 selects stock for 1~2 Nian Shengmi flower Yilan bagged seedlings, away from being intended to graft place or more >=15 centimetres before grafting
Place carries out a cut anvil；2~3 years branches are chosen from perfume ylang-ylang, cut the brachyplast of bud point, first cut one in brachyplast lower end
A long bevel cuts a short bevel then at the opposite face of long bevel, obtains scion；
Step 2, using the position of stock soil face up first bud point as grafting part, open a kerf, depth is just shown in wood
Matter portion, length is equal with the long bevel of scion, and when notch makes the stock piece cut only be connected with notch bottom end；Scion is embedded in stock
Notch makes scion forming layer be aligned, be adjacent to stock forming layer, and scion and stock junction are fixed；
Intermittent stock touches bud processing after step 3, scion grafting.
General grafting more than stock soil face first bud point between third bud point (containing the first bud point and third bud
Point), after considering cut anvil, wilt phenomenon may occur for 2~10 centimetres of stock top, therefore require away from being intended to graft place or more >=15 lis
A cut anvil is carried out at rice, is preferably carrying out a cut anvil from native 25~30 centimeters of face；
Preferably, 2 meters of the plant height of the stock is hereinafter, 1~3 centimetre of the plant diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；The close colored Yilan is packed
20 ± 5 centimetres of the Seedling bag diameter of seedling, 20 ± 5 centimetres of height.In the specific embodiment of the invention, the plant of the stock is high
1.8 meters, 2.6 centimetres of the plant diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of degree；20 centimetres of Seedling bag diameter of the close colored Yilan bagged seedlings, 20 centimetres of height.
Preferably, 0.5~0.8 centimetre of diameter of the scion (namely brachyplast in step 2), length is 6~10 lis
Rice has 2~3 bud points.In the specific embodiment of the invention, 0.6 centimetre of part of diameter of the scion is 8.0 centimetres long,
With 3 bud points.
Preferably, long 0.8~1.5 centimetre of the long bevel of the long bevel, end as deep as scion it is thick 2/3~3/4.?
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the long bevel is 1.2 centimetres long, end as deep as scion it is thick 3/4.
Preferably, the short bevel is 0.5~1.0 centimetre long.In the specific embodiment of the invention, the short bevel is long
0.6 centimetre.
In grafting procedures, the notch on stock needs to agree with the long bevel length of scion, generally rectangular cutout；Grafting
When temperature be preferably 15~30 DEG C, more preferably 20~25 DEG C.
The present invention is comparative example by the method that different grafting methods are arranged, and is grafted under identical experimental enviroment,
The results show that the grafting protocol of cut anvil processing, cion survival rate 0 are only carried out, and engrafting method of the invention can reach
100%；Meanwhile using conventional Sri Lanka Yilan as stock or the engrafting method connect using dew bud bud, it is unable to reach and quickly opens
The colored and annual purpose bloomed, and ratio of blooming is relatively low；By engrafting method of the present invention graft Yilan plant, 3 years
Plant height afterwards is between 90~120 centimetres, dwarfing height far below current 4 meters, improves collecting efficiency and reduction is trimmed to
This.
From the above technical scheme, the present invention is in the dwarfing grafting procedures of Yilan, using preferred close colored Yilan as stock,
Using perfume Yilan as scion, changing common dew bud bud to connect mode is scion grafting mode, at the same carry out appropriate secondary cut anvil and
The formula stock of having a rest touches bud processing, significantly improves the survival rate of Yilan grafting seedling, realizes Yilan dwarfing production and whole year blooms
Purpose, improve Yilan industry plantation benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 show the long bevel side of scion prepared by the present invention；
Fig. 2 show the short bevel side of scion prepared by the present invention；
Fig. 3 show conventional dew bud bud scion front；
Fig. 4 show conventional dew bud bud scion reverse side.
Specific embodiment
It is downgraded the invention discloses a kind of Yilan and the annual engrafting method bloomed, those skilled in the art can use for reference this
Literary content, is suitably modified realization of process parameters.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications are to art technology
It is it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention for personnel.Engrafting method of the present invention is passed through by preferably real
Example is applied to be described, related personnel obviously can not depart from the content of present invention, in spirit and scope to grafting as described herein
Method is modified or appropriate changes and combinations, carrys out implementation and application the technology of the present invention.
On grafting time, 4~June of favorable season or 8~October are grafted, preference temperature is 20~25 degree during grafting,
Not preferably less than 15 degree of temperature (restricts Yilan scion growth and development, easily cause the suspend mode of Yilan scion bud point), should not be higher than 30 degree of (systems
About Yilan scion is developed, and easily causes scion bud point dehydration in Yilan withered).Daily 8:00~10:00 or 16:00~18:00 in afternoon
Grafting is advisable.
After completing Yilan scion grafting, anvil fringe healing in 20~25 days, scion grows sprouting；Scion in 90~120 days is raw after scion grafting
15~30 centimetres of stool, begin at the top of shoot 5~10 small flower-shapes at.For make graft Yilan seedling grow up healthy and sound, need and
When will grafting transplantation of seedlings in Field planting.When transplanting, digs cave and be about 60 centimetres, about 50 centimetres wide, 50 centimetres of depth uses sufficient base manure,
Every cave can apply 2 kilograms of organic fertilizer and be mixed into 1~2 kilogram of coco bran, go back to cave with surface soil.Root water is watered with after field planting, plant hole face is covered
Lid grass is to reduce moisture evaporation.1 year after field planting, scion grows 3~4 thick new branches, about 1~1.5 meter of plant maximum height, transfers
It connects dwarfing Yilan plant blossom and enters full-bloom stage, it can be achieved that whole year blooms.
By the dwarfing Yilan that engrafting method of the present invention obtains, plantation strain number can be improved in identical cultivated area；This
1 meter × 1 meter of Yilan dwarfing planting seeding row spacing of invention grafting, per acre plantation grafting downgrade about 660 plants of Yilan plant, plant height about 1.0
~1.5 meters, single plant fresh flower annual output is up to 4.0 kilograms, and per mu yield fresh flower is up to 2640 kilograms；And traditional Yilan dwarfing planting plant
Away from 6 meters × 6 meters, about 20 plants of Yilan plant, 3.0 kilograms of single plant flower production, 60 kilograms of per mu yield flower production are planted per acre.Cause
This, downgrades 33 times that grafting Yilan planting density is traditional Yilan planting density, reduces labor cost of picking flowers, increase unit soil
Ground area output income.
In specific comparative test of the invention, for each group in addition to due difference, the experimental enviroments such as remaining material keep one
It causes.
Just a kind of Yilan provided by the present invention is downgraded below and the annual engrafting method bloomed is described further.
Embodiment 1: stem grafting method of the present invention
" close Hua Yilan (Cananga odorata c.v.Mihua) " is as stock, " perfume Yilan (Cananga
Odorata c.v.Xiangshui) " it is used as scion, carry out Yilan and downgrades Grafted Variety material.
Stock preparation: select stock for 2 years raw bagged seedlings (about 20 centimetres of Seedling bag diameter, highly about 20 centimetres, for limiting
Yilan root growth processed), 1.8 meters of plant height, about 2.6 centimetres of the plant diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, and plant health no disease and pests harm；First 5 days of grafting,
Stock is carried out " cut anvil " from native 25 centimeters of face, about 45 degree of cut angle.
Scion preparation: life in 2 years, stalwartness, the branch having no mechanical damage are chosen from ylang-ylang to be grafted；Leave and take branch diameter
0.6 centimetre of part, is cut into 8.0 centimetres of scion, and scion has 3 bud points；One long 1.2 centimetres of length is first cut in scion lower end to cut
Face, end as deep as scion it is thick 3/4, cut one long 0.6 centimetre of short bevel then at the opposite face of long bevel, obtain it is to be grafted according to
Blue scion.
Yilan scion grafting grafting method:
Selection of time: on May 12nd, 2013,25 degree of greenhouse indoor air temperature, in morning 8:00~10:00 transferred
It connects.
Scion grafting mode: in stock from native 10 centimeters of face, it is smooth long to open one as grafting part for the position of first bud point
Rectangular opening, depth are just shown in xylem, and length is equal with the long bevel of scion, when notch make the stock piece cut only with notch
Bottom end is connected；Scion is embedded in stock rectangular cutout, and scion forming layer is made to be aligned, be adjacent to stock forming layer, from bottom to top will
Scion and stock junction are fixed with plastic film.
Secondary cut anvil and intermittent bud of touching are handled: 5 days after scion grafting, being carried out at " secondary cut anvil " from native 15 centimeters of face
Reason, about 45 degree of cut angle；14 days after scion grafting, carries out intermittent bud of touching and handle；25 days anvil fringes heal substantially after scion grafting, and scion is long
Sprouting out, and the bud point on stock is cleared up in time.
Grafting is downgraded in Yilan and whole year blooms field management: scion in 95 days grows 23 centimetres of shoot after the scion grafting of Yilan, shoot
Top begin with 8 small flower-shapes at.And field-transplanting is carried out, it digs cave and is about 60 centimetres, about 50 centimetres wide, 50 centimetres of depth uses sufficient
Base manure, every cave can apply 2 kilograms of organic fertilizer and be mixed into 2 kilograms of coco bran, go back to cave with surface soil.Root water is watered with after field planting.1 after field planting
Year, scion grows 3 thick new branches, and about 1.3 meters of plant maximum height, grafting downgrades Yilan plant blossom and enters full-bloom stage.
Grafting Yilan high-density planting: 1 meter × 1 meter of Yilan dwarfing planting seeding row spacing of grafting is downgraded, plantation grafting is short per acre
About 660 plants of Yilan plant of change, about 1.3 meters of plant height, 4.3 kilograms of single plant fresh flower annual output in 2017.
Embodiment 2: conventional dew bud budding method
" close Hua Yilan (Cananga odorata c.v.Mihua) " is as stock, " perfume Yilan (Cananga
Odorata c.v.Xiangshui) " it is used as scion, carry out Yilan and downgrades Grafted Variety material.
Stock preparation: select stock for 2 years raw bagged seedlings (about 20 centimetres of Seedling bag diameter, highly about 20 centimetres, for limiting
Yilan root growth processed), 1.8 meters of plant height, about 2.6 centimetres of the plant diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, and plant health no disease and pests harm；First 5 days of grafting,
Stock is carried out " cut anvil " from native 25 centimeters of face, about 45 degree of cut angle.
Bud tablets scion preparation: life in 2 years is chosen from ylang-ylang to be grafted, stalwartness, the upright growth having no mechanical damage do bud tablets
Scion cuts off the blade on bud tablets scionwood, retains petiole；The scion same day is acquired, more flat position on bud tablets scionwood is selected
Resting bud, first in resting bud lateral each one knife of girdling up and down, then in the longitudinal each partial application of resting bud or so, bud tablets scion long 0.8
~1.5 centimetres, 0.5~1.0 centimetre wide, depth just arrives xylem；The petiole in bud tablets scion is gently drawn to make it with index finger and thumb
It is removed from xylem, obtains bud tablets scion in Yilan to be grafted.
Yilan dew bud bud connects mode:
Selection of time: on May 12nd, 2013,25 degree of greenhouse indoor air temperature, in morning 8:00~10:00 transferred
It connects.
Dew bud bud connects mode: in stock from native 10 centimeters of face, being subject to can mutually agree with bud tablets scion, when notch
So that the stock piece cut is only connected with notch bottom end, bud tablets scion is embedded in notch, forms bud tablets scion forming layer with stock
Layer alignment, then presses bud tablets scion for the stock piece of incision, exposes the bud point in bud tablets scion, from top to bottom by bud tablets scion
It is bound with the stock piece of incision and bud tablets scion and stock junction, the stock leaf length of incision is pressed bud tablets with it and connect
After fringe close to the bud point lower end in scion be standard.
Secondary cut anvil and intermittent bud of touching are handled: 5 days after scion grafting, being carried out at " secondary cut anvil " from native 15 centimeters of face
Reason, about 45 degree of cut angle；14 days after scion grafting, carries out intermittent bud of touching and handle；30 days anvil fringes heal substantially after dew bud bud connects, bud
Sprouting is sprouted in piece scion, and clears up the bud point on stock in time.
Grafting is downgraded in Yilan and whole year blooms field management: the growth shoot about 5 of bud tablets scion in 95 days after Yilan dew bud bud connects
Centimetre, after dew bud bud connects 1 year, bud tablets scion grows about 20 centimetres of shoot, but not yet blooms；After dew point bud connects 2.5 years, gradually open
It is colored, and field-transplanting is carried out, it digs cave and is about 60 centimetres, about 50 centimetres wide, 50 centimetres of depth uses sufficient base manure, every cave can apply organic
2 kilograms of fertilizer is simultaneously mixed into 2 kilograms of coco bran, goes back to cave with surface soil.Root water is watered with after field planting.
Grafting Yilan high-density planting: 1 meter × 1 meter of Yilan dwarfing planting seeding row spacing of grafting is downgraded, plantation grafting is short per acre
Change about 660 plants of Yilan plant, sporadicly blooms, yield can not be assessed.
Embodiment 3: the plant height observation of the dwarfing Yilan after present invention grafting
It was grafted according to 1 method of embodiment in 2013, continuous 6 years observation plant heights the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that grafting Yilan plant height increasing degree reduces year by year after the method for the present invention is grafted, tend to
Stablize, is integrally less than 120 centimetres；Regardless of as the close colored Yilan of stock or Sri Lanka Yilan, in seedling direct planting 6
Nian Hou, plant height is more than 10 meters.This shows that the solution of the present invention can really and significantly realize the dwarfing of Yilan.
Embodiment 4: grafting is downgraded in Yilan and whole year blooms ability comparative test
Yilan is grafted according to two kinds of engrafting methods of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 respectively, every kind of method carries out simultaneously
3 groups, every group 30 plants, grafting is downgraded to the Yilan finally obtained under identical test environment and carries out plant height, early flowering season and whole year
The characters such as bloom carry out statistical comparison, as a result see the table below 2:
Table 2 is grafted 3 months and 12 months situations of blooming and is compared
As seen from the results in Table 2, short using Yilan of the present invention with " perfume Yilan " for scion with " close Hua Yilan " for stock
Change grafting and whole year blooms technical method, flowering rate is 91.11% after Yilan is grafted 3 months, and flowering rate is after grafting 12 months
100%, much higher than the level of dew bud budding method 11.11%；Meanwhile stock, grafting 12 are done better than using Sri Lanka Yilan
Bloom after a month 4.44% level.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Yilan is downgraded and the annual engrafting method bloomed, which is characterized in that using close colored Yilan as stock, with perfume Yilan
For scion, grafted by scion grafting mode；Wherein, a cut anvil is carried out before grafting, carries out secondary cut anvil within 5~7 days after scion grafting；
Anvil fringe carries out intermittent bud of touching and handles during healing, stock bud point is cleared up in time, until scion grows sprouting.
2. engrafting method according to claim 1 characterized by comprising
Step 1 selects stock for 1~2 Nian Shengmi flower Yilan bagged seedlings, before grafting away from be intended to graft place or more >=15 centimeters into
Cut anvil of row；2~3 years branches are chosen from perfume ylang-ylang, cut the brachyplast of bud point, are first cut in brachyplast lower end one long
Bevel cuts a short bevel then at the opposite face of long bevel, obtains scion；
Step 2, using the position of stock soil face up first bud point as grafting part, open a kerf, depth is just shown in xylem,
Length is equal with the long bevel of scion, and when notch makes the stock piece cut only be connected with notch bottom end；Scion is embedded in stock notch,
So that scion forming layer is aligned, is adjacent to stock forming layer, scion and stock junction are fixed；
Intermittent stock touches bud processing after step 3, scion grafting.
3. engrafting method according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that 2 meters of plant height of the stock are hereinafter, plant
1~3 centimetre of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
4. engrafting method according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the diameter of the scion is 0.5~0.8 centimetre, long
Degree is 6~10 centimetres, has 2~3 bud points.
5. engrafting method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that long 0.8~1.5 centimetre of the long bevel of long bevel,
End as deep as scion it is thick 2/3~3/4.
6. engrafting method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the short bevel is 0.5~1.0 centimetre long.
7. engrafting method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the notch is rectangular cutout.
8. engrafting method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the Seedling bag diameter 20 of the close colored Yilan bagged seedlings ±
5 centimetres, 20 ± 5 centimetres of height.
9. grafting protocol according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature of the grafting is 15-30 DEG C.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107409775A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-01 | 甘肃省小陇山林业实验局林业科学研究所 | A kind of water Chinese catalpa scion grafting engrafting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107409775A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-01 | 甘肃省小陇山林业实验局林业科学研究所 | A kind of water Chinese catalpa scion grafting engrafting method |
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