Background technology
Magnolia wufengensis (Magnolia wufengensis) it is Beijing Forestry University Ma Lvyi professors et al. 2004 in lake
Northern five peaks carry out the Magnoliacea plant novel species found during Plant Resource of Magnoliaceae investigation.In formal record before this, yulan is only
There are white, purple and a pink kind of single side, complete red yulan still belongs to the first time at home inside and outside discovery, and only five peaks are exclusive.
Magnolia wufengensis has extremely abundant flower morphology variation property, and floral color type has dark red, red and pale red difference
Performance;The number of tapel is differed from 9 valves to 46 valves;The shape of tapel has the wealthy cochlear of falling ovate, cochlear and bar shaped;Flower pattern has
The different manifestations such as chrysanthemum type, Chinese rose type, lotus type and tree peony type, ornamental value is very high, is splendid Landscape Trees.
Current development nursery stock all values " new " of kind, " strange ", " excellent ", and Magnolia wufengensis meets these three elements.Most go out
" strange ", other kind yulan petals are white or outer purplish red interior not red, and its petal is red entirely, particularly gardens city
Field lacks out the megaphanerophyte of safflower, and Magnolia wufengensis is just mended this and lacked, and has good application prospect in afforestation.
In process of the present invention is realized, inventor has found that current afforestation market does not have Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock, cultivates into
Time of the big specification Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock of 8-12cm for urban landscaping to need is longer, at least needs 6-8, greening seedling
It is slow that wood cultivates growth cycle.The method 3-4 that inventor cultivates Magnolia wufengensis using high position grafting can form big specification safflower
Yulan nursery stock and crown grace, can as early as possible introduce Magnolia wufengensis to the market, and new germ plasm is provided for afforestation.
Meanwhile traditional fruit tree, the survival rate of green plants graft technology grafting Magnolia wufengensis generally only have 20%, even
It is lower.
Invention content
In consideration of it, present invention aims at provide the safflower jade that a kind of survival rate is high, forms big specification greening seedling in advance
Blue high position grafting method, this method practicality easy to operate, graft survival rate can cultivate into big specification up to 96%, the 3-4 years
Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock.
For solution more than technical problem, technical solution provided by the invention is to provide a kind of high position grafting of Magnolia wufengensis
Method using yulan category trees as stock, using Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch as scion, enters branch after autumn and lignifying tendency occurs,
It can start to graft;Include the following steps:
1)Stock is cultivated:The yulan category trees of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8-12cm is selected to be carried out after the position cutting strunk of 2.5m-3m in 2-3 months
Field planting, May trim field planting Flos micheliae Albae germinating branch, the more healthy and stronger germinating branch of symmetrical residual root at the top of trunk
Item;
2)Stock processing:First it is close to the angular cut that bast inside cutting one reaches xylem on germinating branch, then from oblique
Longitudinally perpendicular downward sliding cutting and ensures long section forming layer to angular cut so as to be cut into the long section of flat smooth right over notch
Exsertion part is more;
3)Cut scion:The long horse ear shape section of flat smooth is whittled into downslide in scion axillary bud offside, section is inclined cross entirely
Branch diameter, medulla is seen in lower section in long horse ear shape section, the cutting the 0.8-1cm of axillary bud top at;If axillary bud offside is in bending
Then in axillary bud side, because offside can not then be whittled into longer section in bending;
4)Scion is bound:The long horse ear shape section of scion with the long section of stock is docked, is tied up from bottom to top with plastic film tape
It pricks, remaining position is both needed to swathe tight in addition to axillary bud leaks out.
The general Flos micheliae Albae cultivated into 8-12cm needs 6-8, and carrying out high position grafting 3-4 in the position cutting strunk of 2.5-3m is
It is suitable and form good tree crown that 12-15cm or so branching-points can be grown into.May repaiies field planting Flos micheliae Albae germinating branch
It cuts, the more healthy and stronger germinating branch of symmetrical residual root at the top of trunk, it is ensured that crown growth glomeration, other branches are complete after grafting
Portion removes, and ensureing trunk in final-period management, only there are the more healthy and stronger germinating branches of 3-4 roots on top always.
Since Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is larger, xylem is relatively thin, cuts stock and breaks traditional slightly beveling, but
Be slit longitudinally into long section, scion cunning is whittled into long horse ear shape section, and forming layer exposed parts are just more, it is ensured that scion forming layer and
Stock forming layer docks completely, expands interface, just more in the callus that wound generates, and can very have with healing acceleration
Conducive to the survival rate for improving Magnolia wufengensis grafting.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, the scion selection acquisition is thick
Degree is less than the Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of the full stalwartness of axillary bud of stock germinating branch thick, cuts off blade, stays 0.3-0.5cm
After branch acquisition, moisturizing processing is carried out to branch bottom notch for long petiole.
Scion branch is too thick, germinates branch thick more than stock, then forming layer can not dock.Current-year branch half is wooden
Change, have certain toughness and hardness, moisture can be transmitted.
If directly removing petiole, wound is formed below bud, scion vitality weakens.Branch bottom notch is protected
It is wet, to ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, will not be drained, the vitality for keeping branch vigorous.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention preferred embodiment, the moisturizing is handled specific
Mode is:Entire bundle branch will be sprayed into a small amount of water after one circle of clip package with wet cotton towel is dipped in, it then will be whole with preservative film
Tie branch wrapping.As the branch that will be bandaged not needed to be positioned at shady and cool ventilation if at once, can be used in 2 days;Such as
It need to place and then be placed within 3-5 days in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, no longer than a week.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, the angular cut length is
0.5-0.8cm;A length of 3.5-4.5cm of the long section, width 0.5-1cm;A length of 3.5- of the long horse ear shape section
4.5cm;The angular cut sprouts vimineous germinating point 5-10cm from its place.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, the engrafting method is selected
Sunny or cloudy weather carries out.Bacterium can be grown by raining, and the interface not tied up is caused to be intake and is infected, therefore selects sunny or broken sky
Gas is grafted, and according to weather forecast situation, rainwater arriving before noon stops grafting.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, the engrafting method selection exists
It is carried out under 18-25 DEG C of temperature condition.Temperature callus growth at 18-25 DEG C is very fast during grafting, to graft optimal temperature.
Period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m temperature is more than 30 DEG C and stops grafting, and afternoon, temperature can continue to graft after reducing.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, the engrafting method is in nursery stock
Stop grafting within 20 days before into rest period.Enter branch after autumn and lignifying tendency occur, you can start to graft, grafting time is sustainable
2 months or so.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, the germinating branch leaves and takes 3-
4.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, the plastic film tape is length
0.04 sealed polyethylene plastic of 25-30cm, wide 2.5-3.5cm.
According to the high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis of the present invention specific embodiment, managing after grafting step is further included
Suddenly:
The next spring fringe bud cuts stock above the grafting part after sprouting at 5-10cm, treat that fringe bud grows young sprout 3-4
After piece cotyledon, removal binding plastic film cuts stock at the interface healing during young sprout 10-15cm long, periodically above side again
Remove the branch germinated on stock below grafting part.
Compared with prior art, a technical solution in above-mentioned technical proposal has the following advantages that:
1st, make stock using large nursery stocks, can be out of the garden large nursery stocks after grafting 3-4.
2nd, stock newly germinates that branch vitality is vigorous, and growth potential is strong, and cell tissue division is fast, and the callus of formation is more,
Stock newly germinates branch and scion is whittled into long section, and forming layer exposed parts are just more, and interface expands, and what is generated in wound is cured
Injured tissue is just more, can solve the low technological difficulties of Magnolia wufengensis graft survival rate with healing acceleration, overcome large nursery stocks
The technical deficiency of cultivation period length.
3rd, by using this method, graft survival rate can cultivate into big specification Magnolia wufengensis up to 96%, the 3-4 years
Nursery stock, and crown grace, can as early as possible introduce Magnolia wufengensis to the market, and new germ plasm is provided for afforestation.
4th, moisturizing is carried out to branch bottom notch, to ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, will not be drained, keep branch prosperous
The vitality of Sheng.Be conducive to improve graft survival rate.
Specific embodiment
It is illustrated with reference to specific embodiment.The present embodiment is that the principle of the present invention and feature are described, institute
It gives an actual example and is served only for explaining the present invention, be not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Inventor combines Magnolia wufengensis breeding experience for many years, makees stock using large nursery stocks, using current year raw safflower
Yulan achieves significant achievement as scion.On the one hand due to old branch lignifying, only forming layer and bast has transmission
The function of moisture selects to carry out high position grafting on newly germinating branch, and the new branch that germinates has certain toughness and hardness, entire branch
Item can transmit moisture, and vitality is vigorous, and growth potential is strong, and cell tissue division is fast, and the callus of formation is more.Another aspect anvil
Wooden new germinating branch is whittled into long section, and scion is whittled into long horse ear shape section, and forming layer exposed parts are just more, and interface expands,
The callus that wound generates is just more, can be with healing acceleration.Survival rate can be improved, and when shorter by the inventive technique
It is interior to cultivate into big specification Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock.
Magnolia wufengensis high position grafting method described in the present embodiment, is as follows:
(1)Stock is cultivated:The Flos micheliae Albae of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8-12cm is selected to be determined after the position cutting strunk of 2.5-3m in 2-3 months
It plants, May trims germinating branch, the germinating branch that 3-4 roots are more healthy and stronger is symmetrically stayed at the top of trunk, other branches are complete
Portion removes, and ensureing trunk in final-period management, only there are the more healthy and stronger germinating branches of 3-4 roots on top always.
(2)The processing of stock:Every, stock top germinating branch is close to from germinating point 5-10cm positions with grafting knife tough
The angular cut of one 0.5-0.8cm long of skin zone's inside cutting, up to xylem, then right over the notch at 3.5-4.5cm, against incision
For the longitudinally perpendicular downward sliding cutting of mouth to notch, kerf width is slightly larger than scion rugosity, generally 0.5-1cm, and the stock item cut touches
To lower cut with regard to coming off naturally.
(3)Scion selects and processing:Select Magnolia wufengensis annual shoot of the rugosity for the full stalwartness of axillary bud of 0.4-0.8cm
Item cuts off blade, stays the petiole of 0.3-0.5cm length, and every 50 branches wrapping is often tied and put at branch bottom notch into a bundle
Neatly, entire bundle branch will be sprayed into a small amount of water after one circle of clip package with dipping in wet cotton towel, then with preservative film by entire bundle
Branch is wrapped up.As not being positioned at shady and cool ventilation if at once, can be used in 2 days.4 DEG C are then placed in if you need to place 3-5 days
In refrigerator, a no longer than week.In scion axillary bud offside(In axillary bud side if axillary bud offside is in bending)Downwards
The sliding long horse ear shape section for being whittled into long 3.5-4.5cm, section are inclined cross entire branch diameter, and marrow is seen in lower section in long horse ear shape section
The heart is cut at the 0.8-1cm of bud top.
(4)Grafting:Stock is cultivated to enter for the year and can be grafted after autumn, and the long horse ear shape section of scion is formed with the long section of stock
Layer docking, is bound from bottom to top with plastic film tape, remaining position is both needed to swathe tight in addition to axillary bud leaks out.Grafting time can be held
It is 2 months or so continuous, sunny or cloudy weather is selected to be grafted.According to weather forecast situation, rainwater arriving before noon stops transferring
It connects.Temperature is advisable with 18-25 DEG C during grafting, and period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m temperature is more than 30 DEG C and stops grafting, and afternoon, temperature continued to graft after reducing.
(5)Management after grafting:The next spring fringe bud cuts stock above the grafting part after sprouting at 5-10cm, treat
After fringe bud grows young sprout 3-4 piece cotyledons, removal binding plastic film, during young sprout 10-15cm long again at the interface healing on side
Stock is cut by side, periodically removes the branch germinated on stock below grafting part.
Pass through above method high position grafting Magnolia wufengensis, empirical tests:Graft survival rate is up to 96%, and within a short period of time
Big specification Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock is cultivated into, the low technological difficulties of Magnolia wufengensis high position grafting survival rate is solved, overcomes big rule
The technical deficiency of lattice cultivating seedlings period length.
Experiment:
By engrafting method of the present invention(Experimental group)With traditional cutting strunk cut-grafting(Control group 1)Head is changed with a high position(Control group 2)
Engrafting method carries out Experimental comparison.Each experimental group selects the Flos micheliae Albae of 100 plants of 8-12cm at random, selects three skills involved in the labour one
The grafting worker of cause carries out high position grafting, compares the survival rate of three kinds of methods and labor intensive time.Survival rate and grafting expend
Time is shown in Table 1.
1 Magnolia wufengensis difference high position grafting method survival rate of table
|
(Control group 1) |
(Control group 2) |
Experimental group |
Graft quantity |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Survive quantity |
73 |
52 |
96 |
Survival rate |
73% |
52% |
96% |
Expend the time |
10h |
12h |
8h |
The experimental results showed that:By technical solution of the present invention, on the one hand due to old branch lignifying, only forming layer and bast
Portion has the function of transmission moisture, and high position grafting is carried out on newly germinating branch, and the new branch that germinates has certain toughness and hardness,
Entire branch can transmit moisture, and vitality is vigorous, and growth potential is strong, and cell tissue division is fast, and the callus of formation is more;It is another
Aspect stock newly germinates that branch is whittled into long section and scion is whittled into long horse ear shape section, forming layer exposed parts just more, interface
Expand, it is just more in the callus that wound generates, it can be with healing acceleration.It is 96% with the technology graft survival rate, is far above
The 52% of 73% and the control group 2 of control group 1, the grafting of engrafting method of the present invention takes in addition is also significantly lower than control group 2 for 8h
With control group 3.Therefore the present invention substantially increase the high position grafting survival rate of Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock, while also save labour into
This.
It the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
The limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to claim limited range.For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
Protection scope of the present invention is also should be regarded as into retouching.